1
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Pyle CJ, Patel DF, Peiró T, Joulia R, Grabiec AM, Hussell T, Tavernier G, Simpson A, Pease J, Harker JA, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Supports Pulmonary B Cell Follicle Formation and Local Antibody Responses During Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1424-1428. [PMID: 35944138 PMCID: PMC9746859 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2082le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Peiró
- Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom,Universidad de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | | | - Aleksander M. Grabiec
- University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom,Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland
| | | | - Gael Tavernier
- University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom,Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation TrustManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Simpson
- University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom,Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation TrustManchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Pease
- Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Robert J. Snelgrove
- Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom,Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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2
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Roberts LB, Berkachy R, Wane M, Patel DF, Schnoeller C, Lord GM, Gounaris K, Ryffel B, Quesniaux V, Darby M, Horsnell WGC, Selkirk ME. Differential Regulation of Allergic Airway Inflammation by Acetylcholine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893844. [PMID: 35711456 PMCID: PMC9196131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) from neuronal and non-neuronal sources plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses and is associated with the development of several disease pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-derived ACh is required for optimal type 2 responses to parasitic infection and therefore sought to determine whether this also plays a role in allergic inflammation. RoraCre+ChatLoxP mice (in which ILC2s cannot synthesize ACh) were exposed to an allergenic extract of the fungus Alternaria alternata, and immune responses in the airways and lung tissues were analyzed. Airway neutrophilia and expression of the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1 and CXCL2 were enhanced 24 h after exposure, suggesting that ILC2-derived ACh plays a role in limiting excessive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. The effect of non-selective depletion of ACh was examined by intranasal administration of a stable parasite-secreted acetylcholinesterase. Depletion of airway ACh in this manner resulted in a more profound enhancement of neutrophilia and chemokine expression, suggesting multiple cellular sources for the release of ACh. In contrast, depletion of ACh inhibited Alternaria-induced activation of ILC2s, suppressing the expression of IL-5, IL-13, and subsequent eosinophilia. Depletion of ACh reduced macrophages with an alternatively activated M2 phenotype and an increase in M1 macrophage marker expression. These data suggest that ACh regulates allergic airway inflammation in several ways, enhancing ILC2-driven eosinophilia but suppressing neutrophilia through reduced chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B. Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Luke B. Roberts, ; Murray E. Selkirk,
| | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madina Wane
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiren F. Patel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Schnoeller
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M. Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kleoniki Gounaris
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France
| | - Matthew Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William G. C. Horsnell
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Murray E. Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Luke B. Roberts, ; Murray E. Selkirk,
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3
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Patel DF, Peiró T, Bruno N, Vuononvirta J, Akthar S, Puttur F, Pyle CJ, Suveizdytė K, Walker SA, Singanayagam A, Carlin LM, Gregory LG, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Neutrophils restrain allergic airway inflammation by limiting ILC2 function and monocyte-dendritic cell antigen presentation. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaax7006. [PMID: 31704734 PMCID: PMC7613621 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil mobilization, recruitment, and clearance must be tightly regulated as overexuberant neutrophilic inflammation is implicated in the pathology of chronic diseases, including asthma. Efforts to target neutrophils therapeutically have failed to consider their pleiotropic functions and the implications of disrupting fundamental regulatory pathways that govern their turnover during homeostasis and inflammation. Using the house dust mite (HDM) model of allergic airway disease, we demonstrate that neutrophil depletion unexpectedly resulted in exacerbated T helper 2 (TH2) inflammation, epithelial remodeling, and airway resistance. Mechanistically, this was attributable to a marked increase in systemic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) concentrations, which are ordinarily negatively regulated in the periphery by transmigrated lung neutrophils. Intriguingly, we found that increased G-CSF augmented allergic sensitization in HDM-exposed animals by directly acting on airway type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to elicit cytokine production. Moreover, increased systemic G-CSF promoted expansion of bone marrow monocyte progenitor populations, which resulted in enhanced antigen presentation by an augmented peripheral monocyte-derived dendritic cell pool. By modeling the effects of neutrophil depletion, our studies have uncovered previously unappreciated roles for G-CSF in modulating ILC2 function and antigen presentation. More broadly, they highlight an unexpected regulatory role for neutrophils in limiting TH2 allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Teresa Peiró
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Nicoletta Bruno
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Samia Akthar
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Franz Puttur
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chloe J Pyle
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kornelija Suveizdytė
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simone A Walker
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Leo M Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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4
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Patel DF, Peiró T, Shoemark A, Akthar S, Walker SA, Grabiec AM, Jackson PL, Hussell T, Gaggar A, Xu X, Trevor JL, Li J, Steele C, Tavernier G, Blalock JE, Niven RM, Gregory LG, Simpson A, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. An extracellular matrix fragment drives epithelial remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/455/eaaq0693. [PMID: 30135247 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is anticipated that bioactive fragments of the extracellular matrix (matrikines) can influence the development and progression of chronic diseases. The enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) mediates opposing proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities, through the generation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and degradation of proneutrophilic matrikine Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP), respectively. We show that abrogation of LTB4 signaling ameliorated inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine asthma model, yet global loss of LTA4H exacerbated AHR, despite the absence of LTB4 This exacerbated AHR was attributable to a neutrophil-independent capacity of PGP to promote pathological airway epithelial remodeling. Thus, we demonstrate a disconnect between airway inflammation and AHR and the ability of a matrikine to promote an epithelial remodeling phenotype that negatively affects lung function. Subsequently, we show that substantial quantities of PGP are detectable in the sputum of moderate-severe asthmatics in two distinct cohorts of patients. These studies have implications for our understanding of remodeling phenotypes in asthma and may rationalize the failure of LTA4H inhibitors in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Teresa Peiró
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia 46115, Spain
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Samia Akthar
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simone A Walker
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Patricia L Jackson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jennifer L Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jindong Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Chad Steele
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gael Tavernier
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robert M Niven
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Snelgrove
- 1National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- 1National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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6
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Patel DF, Gaggar A, Blalock JE, Gregory LG, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Response to Comment on "An extracellular matrix fragment drives epithelial remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness". Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaaw0462. [PMID: 31217333 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide further evidence to support our assertion that PGP is a potent regulator of epithelial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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7
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Turnbull AR, Pyle CJ, Patel DF, Jackson PL, Hilliard TN, Regamey N, Tan HL, Brown S, Thursfield R, Short C, Mc Fie M, Alton EWFW, Gaggar A, Blalock JE, Lloyd CM, Bush A, Davies JC, Snelgrove RJ. Abnormal pro-gly-pro pathway and airway neutrophilia in pediatric cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 19:40-48. [PMID: 31176670 PMCID: PMC7001103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proline-glycine-proline (PGP) is a bioactive fragment of collagen generated by the action of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and prolylendopeptidase (PE), and capable of eliciting neutrophil chemotaxis and epithelial remodelling. PGP is normally then degraded by leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) to limit inflammation and remodelling. This study hypothesized that early and persistent airway neutrophilia in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) may relate to abnormalities in the PGP pathway and sought to understand underlying mechanisms. METHODS Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 38 CF (9 newborns and 29 older children) and 24 non-CF children. BAL cell differentials and levels of PGP, MMP-9, PE and LTA4H were assessed. RESULTS Whilst PGP was present in all but one of the older CF children tested, it was absent in non-CF controls and the vast majority of CF newborns. BAL levels of MMP-9 and PE were elevated in older children with CF relative to CF newborns and non-CF controls, correlating with airway neutrophilia and supportive of PGP generation. Furthermore, despite extracellular LTA4H commonly being greatly elevated concomitantly with inflammation to promote PGP degradation, this was not the case in CF children, potentially owing to degradation by neutrophil elastase. CONCLUSIONS A striking imbalance between PGP-generating and -degrading enzymes enables PGP accumulation in CF children from early life and potentially supports airway neutrophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Turnbull
- Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe J Pyle
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia L Jackson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America; Birmingham V.A. Medical Centre, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Tom N Hilliard
- Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Regamey
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Hui-Leng Tan
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Brown
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Thursfield
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Short
- Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Mc Fie
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W F W Alton
- Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America; Birmingham V.A. Medical Centre, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Centre and Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C Davies
- Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Whilst severe asthma has classically been categorized as a predominantly Th2-driven pathology, there has in recent years been a paradigm shift with the realization that it is a heterogeneous disease that may manifest with quite disparate underlying inflammatory and remodelling profiles. A subset of asthmatics, particularly those with a severe, corticosteroid refractory disease, present with a prominent neutrophilic component. Given the potential of neutrophils to impart extensive tissue damage and promote inflammation, it has been anticipated that these cells are closely implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of severe asthma. However, uncertainty persists as to why the neutrophil is present in the asthmatic lung and what precisely it is doing there, with evidence supporting its role as a protagonist of pathology being primarily circumstantial. Furthermore, our view of the neutrophil as a primitive, indiscriminate killer has evolved with the realization that neutrophils can exhibit a marked anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving and wound healing capacity. We suggest that the neutrophil likely exhibits pleiotropic and potentially conflicting roles in defining asthma pathophysiology-some almost certainly detrimental and some potentially beneficial-with context, timing and location all critical confounders. Accordingly, indiscriminate blockade of neutrophils with a broad sword approach is unlikely to be the answer, but rather we should first seek to understand their complex and multifaceted roles in the disease state and then target them with the same subtleties and specificity that they themselves exhibit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Patel DF, Snelgrove RJ. The multifaceted roles of the matrikine Pro-Gly-Pro in pulmonary health and disease. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:180017. [PMID: 29950303 PMCID: PMC9488800 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0017-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrikines are bioactive fragments of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are fundamental in regulating a diverse array of physiological processes. The tripeptide Proline-Glycine-Proline (PGP) is a collagen-derived matrikine that has classically been described as a neutrophil chemoattractant. In this article, we describe our current understanding of the pathways that generate, degrade and modify PGP to dictate its bioavailability and stability. Additionally, we discuss our expanding appreciation of the capacity of PGP to regulate diverse cell types and biological processes, independent of its activity on neutrophils, including a putative role in wound repair. We argue that PGP functions as a primitive and conserved damage-associated molecular pattern, which is generated during infection or injury and subsequently acts to shape ensuing inflammatory and repair processes. As a fragment of the ECM that accumulates at the epicentre of the action, PGP is perfectly positioned to focus neutrophils to the exact site required and direct a localised repair response. However, it is essential that PGP is efficiently degraded, as if this matrikine is allowed to persist then pathology can ensue. Accordingly, we discuss how this pathway is subverted in chronic lung diseases giving rise to persistent inflammation and pathological tissue remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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10
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Peiró T, Patel DF, Akthar S, Gregory LG, Pyle CJ, Harker JA, Birrell MA, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Neutrophils drive alveolar macrophage IL-1β release during respiratory viral infection. Thorax 2018; 73:546-556. [PMID: 29079611 PMCID: PMC5969338 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar macrophages are sentinels of the airways that must exhibit immune restraint to innocuous antigens but elicit a robust inflammatory response to pathogenic threats. How distinction between these dichotomous functions is controlled is poorly defined.Neutrophils are the first responders to infection, and we hypothesised that they may free alveolar macrophages from their hyporesponsive state, promoting their activation. Activation of the inflammasome and interleukin (IL)-1β release is a key early inflammatory event that must be tightly regulated. Thus, the role of neutrophils in defining inflammasome activation in the alveolar macrophage was assessed. METHODS Mice were infected with the X31 strain of influenza virus and the role of neutrophils in alveolar macrophage activation established through administration of a neutrophil-depleting (1A8) antibody. RESULTS Influenza elicited a robust IL-1β release that correlated (r=0.6849; p<0.001) with neutrophil infiltrate and was ablated by neutrophil depletion. Alveolar macrophages were shown to be the prominent source of IL-1β during influenza infection, and virus triggered the expression of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pro-IL-1β in these cells. However, subsequent activation of the inflammasome complex and release of mature IL-1β from alveolar macrophages were critically dependent on the provision of a secondary signal, in the form of antimicrobial peptide mCRAMP, from infiltrating neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils are critical for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages during respiratory viral infection. Accordingly, we rationalise that neutrophils are recruited to the lung to confront a viable pathogenic threat and subsequently commit alveolar macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype to combat infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Peiró
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samia Akthar
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe J Pyle
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James A Harker
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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O'Reilly PJ, Ding Q, Akthar S, Cai G, Genschmer KR, Patel DF, Jackson PL, Viera L, Roda M, Locy ML, Bernstein EA, Lloyd CM, Bernstein KE, Snelgrove RJ, Blalock JE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme defines matrikine-regulated inflammation and fibrosis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91923. [PMID: 29202450 PMCID: PMC5752376 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil chemoattractant proline-glycine-proline (PGP) is generated from collagen by matrix metalloproteinase-8/9 (MMP-8/9) and prolyl endopeptidase (PE), and it is concomitantly degraded by extracellular leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) to limit neutrophilia. Components of cigarette smoke can acetylate PGP, yielding a species (AcPGP) that is resistant to LTA4H-mediated degradation and can, thus, support a sustained neutrophilia. In this study, we sought to elucidate if an antiinflammatory system existed to degrade AcPGP that is analogous to the PGP-LTA4H axis. We demonstrate that AcPGP is degraded through a previously unidentified action of the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Pulmonary ACE is elevated during episodes of acute inflammation, as a consequence of enhanced vascular permeability, to ensure the efficient degradation of AcPGP. Conversely, we suggest that this pathway is aberrant in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) enabling the accumulation of AcPGP. Consequently, we identify a potentially novel protective role for AcPGP in limiting pulmonary fibrosis and suggest the pathogenic function attributed to ACE in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to be a consequence of overzealous AcPGP degradation. Thus, AcPGP seemingly has very divergent roles: it is pathogenic in its capacity to drive neutrophilic inflammation and matrix degradation in the context of COPD, but it is protective in its capacity to limit fibrosis in IPF. ACE degrades the collagen-derived matrikine, acetylate proline–glycine–proline, to limit pulmonary inflammation and promote repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J O'Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia Akthar
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guoqiang Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristopher R Genschmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia L Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham V.A. Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Liliana Viera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mojtaba Roda
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Morgan L Locy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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12
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Akthar S, Patel DF, Beale RC, Peiró T, Xu X, Gaggar A, Jackson PL, Blalock JE, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Matrikines are key regulators in modulating the amplitude of lung inflammation in acute pulmonary infection. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8423. [PMID: 26400771 PMCID: PMC4595997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive matrix fragments (matrikines) have been identified in a myriad of disorders, but their impact on the evolution of airway inflammation has not been demonstrated. We recently described a pathway where the matrikine and neutrophil chemoattractant proline–glycine–proline (PGP) could be degraded by the enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). LTA4H classically functions in the generation of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4, thus LTA4H exhibits opposing pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The physiological significance of this secondary anti-inflammatory activity remains unknown. Here we show, using readily resolving pulmonary inflammation models, that loss of this secondary activity leads to more pronounced and sustained inflammation and illness owing to PGP accumulation. PGP elicits an exacerbated neutrophilic inflammation and protease imbalance that further degrades the extracellular matrix, generating fragments that perpetuate inflammation. This highlights a critical role for the secondary anti-inflammatory activity of LTA4H and thus has consequences for the generation of global LTA4H inhibitors currently being developed. Proteases degrade extracellular matrix during inflammation, releasing peptides that can recruit neutrophils. Here the authors show that degradation of such bioactive peptide by the enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase is critical to limit pulmonary inflammation during bacterial infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Akthar
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rebecca C Beale
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Teresa Peiró
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 3529, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 3529, USA.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center and Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.,Birmingham V.A. Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Patricia L Jackson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 3529, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 3529, USA.,Birmingham V.A. Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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