1
|
Horton JR, Pathuri S, Wong K, Ren R, Rueda L, Fosbenner DT, Heerding DA, McCabe MT, Pappalardi MB, Zhang X, King BW, Cheng X. Structural characterization of dicyanopyridine containing DNMT1-selective, non-nucleoside inhibitors. Structure 2022; 30:793-802.e5. [PMID: 35395178 PMCID: PMC9177618 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNMT1 maintains the parental DNA methylation pattern on newly replicated hemimethylated DNA. The failure of this maintenance process causes aberrant DNA methylation that affects transcription and contributes to the development and progression of cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we structurally characterized a set of newly discovered DNMT1-selective, reversible, non-nucleoside inhibitors that bear a core 3,5-dicyanopyridine moiety, as exemplified by GSK3735967, to better understand their mechanism of inhibition. All of the dicyanopydridine-containing inhibitors examined intercalate into the hemimethylated DNA between two CpG base pairs through the DNA minor groove, resulting in conformational movement of the DNMT1 active-site loop. In addition, GSK3735967 introduces two new binding sites, where it interacts with and stabilizes the displaced DNMT1 active-site loop and it occupies an open aromatic cage in which trimethylated histone H4 lysine 20 is expected to bind. Our work represents a substantial step in generating potent, selective, and non-nucleoside inhibitors of DNMT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Horton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarath Pathuri
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristen Wong
- Cancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ren Ren
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lourdes Rueda
- Cancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David T Fosbenner
- Cancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Dirk A Heerding
- Cancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael T McCabe
- Cancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Melissa B Pappalardi
- Cancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bryan W King
- Cancer Epigenetics Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Medina JR, Tian X, Li WH, Suarez D, Mack JF, LaFrance L, Martyr C, Brackley J, Di Marco C, Rivero R, Heerding DA, McHugh C, Minthorn E, Bhaskar A, Rubin J, Butticello M, Carpenter C, Nartey EN, Berrodin TJ, Kallal LA, Mangatt B. Cell-Based Drug Discovery: Identification and Optimization of Small Molecules that Reduce c-MYC Protein Levels in Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16056-16087. [PMID: 34669409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the c-MYC oncogene is one of the most common abnormalities in human cancers. Unfortunately, efforts to identify pharmacological inhibitors that directly target MYC have not yet yielded a drug-like molecule due to the lack of any known small molecule binding pocket in the protein, which could be exploited to disrupt MYC function. We have recently described a strategy to target MYC indirectly, where a screening effort designed to identify compounds that can rapidly decrease endogenous c-MYC protein levels in a MYC-amplified cell line led to the discovery of a compound series that phenocopies c-MYC knockdown by siRNA. Herein, we describe our medicinal chemistry program that led to the discovery of potent, orally bioavailable c-MYC-reducing compounds. The development of a minimum pharmacophore model based on empirical structure activity relationship as well as the property-based approach used to modulate pharmacokinetics properties will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R Medina
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Xinrong Tian
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - William H Li
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Dominic Suarez
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - James F Mack
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Louis LaFrance
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Cuthbert Martyr
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - James Brackley
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Christina Di Marco
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ralph Rivero
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Dirk A Heerding
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Charles McHugh
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Elisabeth Minthorn
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Aishwarya Bhaskar
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jacob Rubin
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael Butticello
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Eldridge N Nartey
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Thomas J Berrodin
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lorena A Kallal
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Biju Mangatt
- Oncology Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su DS, Qu J, Schulz M, Blackledge CW, Yu H, Zeng J, Burgess J, Reif A, Stern M, Nagarajan R, Pappalardi MB, Wong K, Graves AP, Bonnette W, Wang L, Elkins P, Knapp-Reed B, Carson JD, McHugh C, Mohammad H, Kruger R, Luengo J, Heerding DA, Creasy CL. Discovery of Isoxazole Amides as Potent and Selective SMYD3 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:133-140. [PMID: 32071679 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein the discovery of isoxazole amides as potent and selective SET and MYND Domain-Containing Protein 3 (SMYD3) inhibitors. Elucidation of the structure-activity relationship of the high-throughput screening (HTS) lead compound 1 provided potent and selective SMYD3 inhibitors. The SAR optimization, cocrystal structures of small molecules with SMYD3, and mode of inhibition (MOI) characterization of compounds are described. The synthesis and biological and pharmacokinetic profiles of compounds are also presented.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mangatt B, Pietra AD, Waszkiewicz A, Jaworski JP, Ghidelli-Disse S, Berrodin TJ, Sherk CS, Meinhold DW, Rutkowska-Klute A, Sundaram SK, Ganji G, Halsey WS, Livi GP, Li W, Mack J, Romeril SP, Minthorn EA, Kumar R, Drewes GC, Heerding DA, Kallal LA, Buser CA, Medina JR. Abstract 2919: Discovery of small-molecule compounds targeting c-MYC using a novel cell-based screen. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Elevated expression of the c-MYC oncogene (either due to gene amplification, translocation, abnormality in upstream signaling pathways and/or protein stabilization) is one of the most common abnormalities in human cancers. Efforts to identify direct pharmacological inhibitors of c-MYC function have not yet yielded drug-like molecules. Therefore, we sought to pursue alternative screening strategies for this classically “undruggable” transcription factor. We developed a novel antibody-based high-throughput HTRF screening assay that specifically detects endogenous c-MYC protein levels in a MYC amplified cancer cell line. Taking advantage of the short half-life of c-MYC, both at the protein and mRNA level, we conducted a cell-based screen of the GSK screening collection to identify compounds that can rapidly decrease c-MYC protein levels. Elimination of false positive hits using stringent triage assays successfully identified two valid hit series exemplified by GSK970 and GSK417. Molecular mode of action studies revealed these molecules inhibit MYC transcription by binding to the minor groove of DNA with AT sequence specificity. Unfortunately, this mechanism of c-MYC inhibition demonstrated poor in vivo translatability as tissue DNA acts as a molecular sink, effectively sequestering compound, and limiting its pharmacodnyamic response.
Citation Format: Biju Mangatt, Anthony D. Pietra, Anna Waszkiewicz, Jon-Paul Jaworski, Sonja Ghidelli-Disse, Thomas J. Berrodin, Christian S. Sherk, Derrick W. Meinhold, Anna Rutkowska-Klute, Shanker K. Sundaram, Gopinath Ganji, Wendy S. Halsey, George P. Livi, William Li, James Mack, Stuart P. Romeril, Elisabeth A. Minthorn, Rakesh Kumar, Gerard C. Drewes, Dirk A. Heerding, Lorena A. Kallal, Carolyn A. Buser, Jesus R. Medina. Discovery of small-molecule compounds targeting c-MYC using a novel cell-based screen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2919.
Collapse
|
5
|
Concha NO, Smallwood A, Bonnette W, Totoritis R, Zhang G, Federowicz K, Yang J, Qi H, Chen S, Campobasso N, Choudhry AE, Shuster LE, Evans KA, Ralph J, Sweitzer S, Heerding DA, Buser CA, Su DS, DeYoung MP. Long-Range Inhibitor-Induced Conformational Regulation of Human IRE1α Endoribonuclease Activity. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:1011-23. [PMID: 26438213 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha (IRE1α) protein caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress results in the homodimerization of the N-terminal endoplasmic reticulum luminal domains, autophosphorylation of the cytoplasmic kinase domains, and conformational changes to the cytoplasmic endoribonuclease (RNase) domains, which render them functional and can lead to the splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP 1) mRNA. Herein, we report the first crystal structures of the cytoplasmic portion of a human phosphorylated IRE1α dimer in complex with (R)-2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(4-methylbenzyl)-2,7-diazaspiro(4.5)decane-7-carboxamide, a novel, IRE1α-selective kinase inhibitor, and staurosporine, a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor. (R)-2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(4-methylbenzyl)-2,7-diazaspiro(4.5)decane-7-carboxamide inhibits both the kinase and RNase activities of IRE1α. The inhibitor interacts with the catalytic residues Lys599 and Glu612 and displaces the kinase activation loop to the DFG-out conformation. Inactivation of IRE1α RNase activity appears to be caused by a conformational change, whereby the αC helix is displaced, resulting in the rearrangement of the kinase domain-dimer interface and a rotation of the RNase domains away from each other. In contrast, staurosporine binds at the ATP-binding site of IRE1α, resulting in a dimer consistent with RNase active yeast Ire1 dimers. Activation of IRE1α RNase activity appears to be promoted by a network of hydrogen bond interactions between highly conserved residues across the RNase dimer interface that place key catalytic residues poised for reaction. These data implicate that the intermolecular interactions between conserved residues in the RNase domain are required for activity, and that the disruption of these interactions can be achieved pharmacologically by small molecule kinase domain inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor O Concha
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Angela Smallwood
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - William Bonnette
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Rachel Totoritis
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Kelly Federowicz
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Jingsong Yang
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Hongwei Qi
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Stephanie Chen
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Nino Campobasso
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Anthony E Choudhry
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Leanna E Shuster
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Karen A Evans
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Jeff Ralph
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Sharon Sweitzer
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Dirk A Heerding
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Carolyn A Buser
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - Dai-Shi Su
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| | - M Phillip DeYoung
- Oncology R&D (K.F., J.Y., L.E.S., K.A.E., J.R., D.A.H., C.A.B., D.S.S, M.P.D.), Biological Sciences (R.T., G.Z., H.Q., S.C., A.E.C., S.S.), and Chemical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania (N.O.C., A.S., W.B., N.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dumble M, Crouthamel MC, Zhang SY, Schaber M, Levy D, Robell K, Liu Q, Figueroa DJ, Minthorn EA, Seefeld MA, Rouse MB, Rabindran SK, Heerding DA, Kumar R. Discovery of novel AKT inhibitors with enhanced anti-tumor effects in combination with the MEK inhibitor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100880. [PMID: 24978597 PMCID: PMC4076210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells upregulate many cell signaling pathways, with AKT being one of the key kinases to be activated in a variety of malignancies. GSK2110183 and GSK2141795 are orally bioavailable, potent inhibitors of the AKT kinases that have progressed to human clinical studies. Both compounds are selective, ATP-competitive inhibitors of AKT 1, 2 and 3. Cells treated with either compound show decreased phosphorylation of several substrates downstream of AKT. Both compounds have desirable pharmaceutical properties and daily oral dosing results in a sustained inhibition of AKT activity as well as inhibition of tumor growth in several mouse tumor models of various histologic origins. Improved kinase selectivity was associated with reduced effects on glucose homeostasis as compared to previously reported ATP-competitive AKT kinase inhibitors. In a diverse cell line proliferation screen, AKT inhibitors showed increased potency in cell lines with an activated AKT pathway (via PI3K/PTEN mutation or loss) while cell lines with activating mutations in the MAPK pathway (KRAS/BRAF) were less sensitive to AKT inhibition. Further investigation in mouse models of KRAS driven pancreatic cancer confirmed that combining the AKT inhibitor, GSK2141795 with a MEK inhibitor (GSK2110212; trametinib) resulted in an enhanced anti-tumor effect accompanied with greater reduction in phospho-S6 levels. Taken together these results support clinical evaluation of the AKT inhibitors in cancer, especially in combination with MEK inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dumble
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ming-Chih Crouthamel
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Schaber
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dana Levy
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Robell
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qi Liu
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David J. Figueroa
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth A. Minthorn
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Seefeld
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meagan B. Rouse
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sridhar K. Rabindran
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dirk A. Heerding
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Oncology R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gilmartin AG, Faitg TH, Richter M, Groy A, Seefeld MA, Darcy MG, Peng X, Federowicz K, Yang J, Zhang SY, Minthorn E, Jaworski JP, Schaber M, Martens S, McNulty DE, Sinnamon RH, Zhang H, Kirkpatrick RB, Nevins N, Cui G, Pietrak B, Diaz E, Jones A, Brandt M, Schwartz B, Heerding DA, Kumar R. Allosteric Wip1 phosphatase inhibition through flap-subdomain interaction. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:181-7. [PMID: 24390428 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although therapeutic interventions of signal-transduction cascades with targeted kinase inhibitors are a well-established strategy, drug-discovery efforts to identify targeted phosphatase inhibitors have proven challenging. Herein we report a series of allosteric, small-molecule inhibitors of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase (Wip1), an oncogenic phosphatase common to multiple cancers. Compound binding to Wip1 is dependent on a 'flap' subdomain located near the Wip1 catalytic site that renders Wip1 structurally divergent from other members of the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family and that thereby confers selectivity for Wip1 over other phosphatases. Treatment of tumor cells with the inhibitor GSK2830371 increases phosphorylation of Wip1 substrates and causes growth inhibition in both hematopoietic tumor cell lines and Wip1-amplified breast tumor cells harboring wild-type TP53. Oral administration of Wip1 inhibitors in mice results in expected pharmacodynamic effects and causes inhibition of lymphoma xenograft growth. To our knowledge, GSK2830371 is the first orally active, allosteric inhibitor of Wip1 phosphatase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan G Gilmartin
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas H Faitg
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Richter
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur Groy
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark A Seefeld
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael G Darcy
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xin Peng
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly Federowicz
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingsong Yang
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabeth Minthorn
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Jaworski
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Schaber
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stan Martens
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dean E McNulty
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert H Sinnamon
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert B Kirkpatrick
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neysa Nevins
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth Pietrak
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elsie Diaz
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amber Jones
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin Brandt
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwartz
- Platform Technology and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dirk A Heerding
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Protein Dynamics Discovery Performance Unit, Cancer Research, Oncology Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Axten JM, Romeril SP, Shu A, Ralph J, Medina JR, Feng Y, Li WHH, Grant SW, Heerding DA, Minthorn E, Mencken T, Gaul N, Goetz A, Stanley T, Hassell AM, Gampe RT, Atkins C, Kumar R. Discovery of GSK2656157: An Optimized PERK Inhibitor Selected for Preclinical Development. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:964-8. [PMID: 24900593 DOI: 10.1021/ml400228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the discovery of GSK2606414 (1), a selective first in class inhibitor of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), which inhibited PERK activation in cells and demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in a human tumor xenograft in mice. In continuation of our drug discovery program, we applied a strategy to decrease inhibitor lipophilicity as a means to improve physical properties and pharmacokinetics. This report describes our medicinal chemistry optimization culminating in the discovery of the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 (6), which was selected for advancement to preclinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Axten
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Stuart P. Romeril
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Arthur Shu
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Jeffrey Ralph
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Jesús R. Medina
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Yanhong Feng
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - William Hoi Hong Li
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Seth W. Grant
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Dirk A. Heerding
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Elisabeth Minthorn
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Thomas Mencken
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Nathan Gaul
- Screening
and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United
States
| | - Aaron Goetz
- Screening and Compound
Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Thomas Stanley
- Screening and Compound
Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Annie M. Hassell
- Biomolecular Structure, Computational
and Structural Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27709, United States
| | - Robert T. Gampe
- Biomolecular Structure, Computational
and Structural Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27709, United States
| | - Charity Atkins
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
19426, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Axten JM, Medina JR, Feng Y, Shu A, Romeril SP, Grant SW, Li WHH, Heerding DA, Minthorn E, Mencken T, Atkins C, Liu Q, Rabindran S, Kumar R, Hong X, Goetz A, Stanley T, Taylor JD, Sigethy SD, Tomberlin GH, Hassell AM, Kahler KM, Shewchuk LM, Gampe RT. Discovery of 7-methyl-5-(1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine (GSK2606414), a potent and selective first-in-class inhibitor of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). J Med Chem 2012; 55:7193-207. [PMID: 22827572 DOI: 10.1021/jm300713s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is activated in response to a variety of endoplasmic reticulum stresses implicated in numerous disease states. Evidence that PERK is implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer cell survival stimulated our search for small molecule inhibitors. Through screening and lead optimization using the human PERK crystal structure, we discovered compound 38 (GSK2606414), an orally available, potent, and selective PERK inhibitor. Compound 38 inhibits PERK activation in cells and inhibits the growth of a human tumor xenograft in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Axten
- Oncology Research, Protein Dynamics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Medina JR, Blackledge CW, Heerding DA, Campobasso N, Ward P, Briand J, Wright L, Axten JM. Aminoindazole PDK1 Inhibitors: A Case Study in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:439-42. [PMID: 24900229 DOI: 10.1021/ml100136n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment screening of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) in a biochemical kinase assay afforded hits that were characterized and prioritized based on ligand efficiency and binding interactions with PDK1 as determined by NMR. Subsequent crystallography and follow-up screening led to the discovery of aminoindazole 19, a potent leadlike PDK1 inhibitor with high ligand efficiency. Well-defined structure-activity relationships and protein crystallography provide a basis for further elaboration and optimization of 19 as a PDK1 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R. Medina
- Oncology Research, Signal Transduction DPU Medicinal Chemistry
| | | | | | - Nino Campobasso
- Molecular Discovery Research, Computational and Structural Chemistry
| | - Paris Ward
- Molecular Discovery Research, Computational and Structural Chemistry
| | | | - Lois Wright
- Molecular Discovery Research, Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin H, Yamashita DS, Zeng J, Xie R, Verma S, Luengo JI, Rhodes N, Zhang S, Robell KA, Choudhry AE, Lai Z, Kumar R, Minthorn EA, Brown KK, Heerding DA. 2,3,5-Trisubstituted pyridines as selective AKT inhibitors. Part II: Improved drug-like properties and kinase selectivity from azaindazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:679-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Lin H, Yamashita DS, Xie R, Zeng J, Wang W, Leber J, Safonov IG, Verma S, Li M, Lafrance L, Venslavsky J, Takata D, Luengo JI, Kahana JA, Zhang S, Robell KA, Levy D, Kumar R, Choudhry AE, Schaber M, Lai Z, Brown BS, Donovan BT, Minthorn EA, Brown KK, Heerding DA. Tetrasubstituted pyridines as potent and selective AKT inhibitors: Reduced CYP450 and hERG inhibition of aminopyridines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:684-8. [PMID: 20006500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of tetrasubstituted aminopyridines, bearing novel azaindazole hinge binders, as potent AKT inhibitors are described. Compound 14c was identified as a potent AKT inhibitor that demonstrated reduced CYP450 inhibition and an improved developability profile compared to those of previously described trisubstituted pyridines. It also displayed dose-dependent inhibition of both phosphorylation of GSK3beta and tumor growth in a BT474 tumor xenograft model in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin H, Yamashita DS, Zeng J, Xie R, Wang W, Nidarmarthy S, Luengo JI, Rhodes N, Knick VB, Choudhry AE, Lai Z, Minthorn EA, Strum SL, Wood ER, Elkins PA, Concha NO, Heerding DA. 2,3,5-Trisubstituted pyridines as selective AKT inhibitors-Part I: Substitution at 2-position of the core pyridine for ROCK1 selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:673-8. [PMID: 20006497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
2,3,5-Trisubstituted pyridines have been designed as potent AKT inhibitors that are selective against ROCK1 based on the comparison between AKT and ROCK1 structures. Substitution at the 2-position of the core pyridine is the key element to provide selectivity against ROCK1. An X-ray co-crystal structure of 9p in PKA supports the proposed rationale of ROCK1 selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville, Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seefeld MA, Rouse MB, McNulty KC, Sun L, Wang J, Yamashita DS, Luengo JI, Zhang S, Minthorn EA, Concha NO, Heerding DA. Discovery of 5-pyrrolopyridinyl-2-thiophenecarboxamides as potent AKT kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2244-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Rouse MB, Seefeld MA, Leber JD, McNulty KC, Sun L, Miller WH, Zhang S, Minthorn EA, Concha NO, Choudhry AE, Schaber MD, Heerding DA. Aminofurazans as potent inhibitors of AKT kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1508-11. [PMID: 19179070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AKT inhibitors containing an imidazopyridine aminofurazan scaffold have been optimized. We have previously disclosed identification of the AKT inhibitor GSK690693, which has been evaluated in clinical trials in cancer patients. Herein we describe recent efforts focusing on investigating a distinct region of this scaffold that have afforded compounds (30 and 32) with comparable activity profiles to that of GSK690693.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan B Rouse
- Oncology Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Heerding DA, Rhodes N, Leber JD, Clark TJ, Keenan RM, Lafrance LV, Li M, Safonov IG, Takata DT, Venslavsky JW, Yamashita DS, Choudhry AE, Copeland RA, Lai Z, Schaber MD, Tummino PJ, Strum SL, Wood ER, Duckett DR, Eberwein D, Knick VB, Lansing TJ, McConnell RT, Zhang S, Minthorn EA, Concha NO, Warren GL, Kumar R. Identification of 4-(2-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1-ethyl-7-{[(3S)-3-piperidinylmethyl]oxy}-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-yl)-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (GSK690693), a novel inhibitor of AKT kinase. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5663-79. [PMID: 18800763 DOI: 10.1021/jm8004527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of AKT has an antiapoptotic effect in many cell types, and expression of dominant negative AKT blocks the ability of a variety of growth factors to promote survival. Therefore, inhibitors of AKT kinase activity might be useful as monotherapy for the treatment of tumors with activated AKT. Herein, we describe our lead optimization studies culminating in the discovery of compound 3g (GSK690693). Compound 3g is a novel ATP competitive, pan-AKT kinase inhibitor with IC 50 values of 2, 13, and 9 nM against AKT1, 2, and 3, respectively. An X-ray cocrystal structure was solved with 3g and the kinase domain of AKT2, confirming that 3g bound in the ATP binding pocket. Compound 3g potently inhibits intracellular AKT activity as measured by the inhibition of the phosphorylation levels of GSK3beta. Intraperitoneal administration of 3g in immunocompromised mice results in the inhibition of GSK3beta phosphorylation and tumor growth in human breast carcinoma (BT474) xenografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk A Heerding
- Oncology Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rhodes N, Heerding DA, Duckett DR, Eberwein DJ, Knick VB, Lansing TJ, McConnell RT, Gilmer TM, Zhang SY, Robell K, Kahana JA, Geske RS, Kleymenova EV, Choudhry AE, Lai Z, Leber JD, Minthorn EA, Strum SL, Wood ER, Huang PS, Copeland RA, Kumar R. Characterization of an Akt kinase inhibitor with potent pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2366-74. [PMID: 18381444 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Akt kinases 1, 2, and 3 are important regulators of cell survival and have been shown to be constitutively active in a variety of human tumors. GSK690693 is a novel ATP-competitive, low-nanomolar pan-Akt kinase inhibitor. It is selective for the Akt isoforms versus the majority of kinases in other families; however, it does inhibit additional members of the AGC kinase family. It causes dose-dependent reductions in the phosphorylation state of multiple proteins downstream of Akt, including GSK3 beta, PRAS40, and Forkhead. GSK690693 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in a subset of tumor cells with potency consistent with intracellular inhibition of Akt kinase activity. In immune-compromised mice implanted with human BT474 breast carcinoma xenografts, a single i.p. administration of GSK690693 inhibited GSK3 beta phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After a single dose of GSK690693, >3 micromol/L drug concentration in BT474 tumor xenografts correlated with a sustained decrease in GSK3 beta phosphorylation. Consistent with the role of Akt in insulin signaling, treatment with GSK690693 resulted in acute and transient increases in blood glucose level. Daily administration of GSK690693 produced significant antitumor activity in mice bearing established human SKOV-3 ovarian, LNCaP prostate, and BT474 and HCC-1954 breast carcinoma xenografts. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor xenografts after repeat dosing with GSK690693 showed reductions in phosphorylated Akt substrates in vivo. These results support further evaluation of GSK690693 as an anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Rhodes
- Oncology Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Safonov IG, Heerding DA, Keenan RM, Price AT, Erickson-Miller CL, Hopson CB, Levin JL, Lord KA, Tapley PM. New benzimidazoles as thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1212-6. [PMID: 16376078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel benzimidazole series of small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonists has been discovered. Herein, we discuss the preliminary exploration of structure-activity relationships within this chemotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor G Safonov
- Medicinal Chemistry and Oncology Research Departments, Microbial, Musculoskeletal and Proliferative Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heerding DA, Christmann LT, Clark TJ, Holmes DJ, Rittenhouse SF, Takata DT, Venslavsky JW. New Benzylidenethiazolidinediones as Antibacterial Agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3771-3. [PMID: 14552776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel benzylidenethiazolidinedione has been discovered with antimicrobial activity. Here, we present the results of a structure-activity study on this compound with respect to its antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk A Heerding
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Microbial, Musculoskeletal and Proliferative Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miller WH, Manley PJ, Cousins RD, Erhard KF, Heerding DA, Kwon C, Ross ST, Samanen JM, Takata DT, Uzinskas IN, Yuan CCK, Haltiwanger RC, Gress CJ, Lark MW, Hwang SM, James IE, Rieman DJ, Willette RN, Yue TL, Azzarano LM, Salyers KL, Smith BR, Ward KW, Johanson KO, Huffman WF. Phenylbutyrates as potent, orally bioavailable vitronectin receptor (integrin alphavbeta3) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1483-6. [PMID: 12668017 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In our continuing efforts to identify small molecule vitronectin receptor antagonists, we have discovered a series of phenylbutyrate derivatives, exemplified by 16, which have good potency and excellent oral bioavailability (approximately 100% in rats). This new series is derived conceptually from opening of the seven-membered ring of SB-265123.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., PO Box 5089, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Payne DJ, Miller WH, Berry V, Brosky J, Burgess WJ, Chen E, DeWolf WE, Fosberry AP, Greenwood R, Head MS, Heerding DA, Janson CA, Jaworski DD, Keller PM, Manley PJ, Moore TD, Newlander KA, Pearson S, Polizzi BJ, Qiu X, Rittenhouse SF, Slater-Radosti C, Salyers KL, Seefeld MA, Smyth MG, Takata DT, Uzinskas IN, Vaidya K, Wallis NG, Winram SB, Yuan CCK, Huffman WF. Discovery of a novel and potent class of FabI-directed antibacterial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3118-24. [PMID: 12234833 PMCID: PMC128775 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.10.3118-3124.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (FabI) catalyzes the final step in each elongation cycle of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis and is an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial agents. High-throughput screening of the Staphylococcus aureus FabI enzyme identified a novel, weak inhibitor with no detectable antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Iterative medicinal chemistry and X-ray crystal structure-based design led to the identification of compound 4 [(E)-N-methyl-N-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3-(7-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)acrylamide], which is 350-fold more potent than the original lead compound obtained by high-throughput screening in the FabI inhibition assay. Compound 4 has exquisite antistaphylococci activity, achieving MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited more than 500 times lower than those of nine currently available antibiotics against a panel of multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Furthermore, compound 4 exhibits excellent in vivo efficacy in an S. aureus infection model in rats. Biochemical and genetic approaches have confirmed that the mode of antibacterial action of compound 4 and related compounds is via inhibition of FabI. Compound 4 also exhibits weak FabK inhibitory activity, which may explain its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis, which depend on FabK and both FabK and FabI, respectively, for their enoyl-ACP reductase function. These results show that compound 4 is representative of a new, totally synthetic series of antibacterial agents that has the potential to provide novel alternatives for the treatment of S. aureus infections that are resistant to our present armory of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Payne
- Microbial, Musculoskeletal and Proliferative Diseases Center of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miller WH, Seefeld MA, Newlander KA, Uzinskas IN, Burgess WJ, Heerding DA, Yuan CCK, Head MS, Payne DJ, Rittenhouse SF, Moore TD, Pearson SC, Berry V, DeWolf WE, Keller PM, Polizzi BJ, Qiu X, Janson CA, Huffman WF. Discovery of aminopyridine-based inhibitors of bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI). J Med Chem 2002; 45:3246-56. [PMID: 12109908 DOI: 10.1021/jm020050+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) catalyzes the final step in each cycle of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis and is an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial agents. Our efforts to identify potent, selective FabI inhibitors began with screening of the GlaxoSmithKline proprietary compound collection, which identified several small-molecule inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus FabI. Through a combination of iterative medicinal chemistry and X-ray crystal structure based design, one of these leads was developed into the novel aminopyridine derivative 9, a low micromolar inhibitor of FabI from S. aureus (IC(50) = 2.4 microM) and Haemophilus influenzae (IC(50) = 4.2 microM). Compound 9 has good in vitro antibacterial activity against several organisms, including S. aureus (MIC = 0.5 microg/mL), and is effective in vivo in a S. aureus groin abscess infection model in rats. Through FabI overexpressor and macromolecular synthesis studies, the mode of action of 9 has been confirmed to be inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis via inhibition of FabI. Taken together, these results support FabI as a valid antibacterial target and demonstrate the potential of small-molecule FabI inhibitors for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 South Collegeville Road, P.O. Box 5089, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Heerding DA, Hong CY, Kado N, Look GC, Overman LE. Simple method for controlling stereoselection in Mannich cyclization reactions of aldehydes. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00077a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Heerding DA, Chan G, DeWolf WE, Fosberry AP, Janson CA, Jaworski DD, McManus E, Miller WH, Moore TD, Payne DJ, Qiu X, Rittenhouse SF, Slater-Radosti C, Smith W, Takata DT, Vaidya KS, Yuan CC, Huffman WF. 1,4-Disubstituted imidazoles are potential antibacterial agents functioning as inhibitors of enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2061-5. [PMID: 11514139 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Disubstituted imidazole inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) have been identified. Crystal structure data shows the inhibitor 1 bound in the enzyme active site of E. coli FabI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Heerding
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Antibacterials and Host Defense, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heerding DA, Abruzzese M, Alberts D, Burgess J, Callahan JF, Huffman WF, King AG, LoCastro S, DeMarsh P, Pelus LM, Takata JS, Bhatnagar PK. Novel peptidomimetic hematoregulatory compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:531-4. [PMID: 10741547 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The activity of a novel series of peptidomimetic hematoregulatory compounds, designed based on a pharmacophore model inferred from the structure activity relationships of a peptide SK&F 107647 (1), is reported. These compounds induce a hematopoietic synergistic factor (HSF) which in turn modulates host defense. The compounds may represent novel therapeutic agents in the area of hematoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Heerding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miller WH, Alberts DP, Bhatnagar PK, Bondinell WE, Callahan JF, Calvo RR, Cousins RD, Erhard KF, Heerding DA, Keenan RM, Kwon C, Manley PJ, Newlander KA, Ross ST, Samanen JM, Uzinskas IN, Venslavsky JW, Yuan CC, Haltiwanger RC, Gowen M, Hwang SM, James IE, Lark MW, Rieman DJ, Stroup GB, Azzarano LM, Salyers KL, Smith BR, Ward KW, Johanson KO, Huffman WF. Discovery of orally active nonpeptide vitronectin receptor antagonists based on a 2-benzazepine Gly-Asp mimetic. J Med Chem 2000; 43:22-6. [PMID: 10633035 DOI: 10.1021/jm990446u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W H Miller
- Research & Development Division, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA 19426-0989, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Heerding DA, Takata DT, Kwon C, Huffman WF, Samanen J. Combinatorial chemistry. Use of an intramolecular ruthenium catalyzed olefin/alkyne metathesis reaction in tandem with a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction to construct functionalized hexahydroisoindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
28
|
LoCastro SM, Heerding DA, Bhatnagar PK, King A. The synthesis of a hematoregulatory agent based on HP-5B containing an effective, achiral cystine replacement. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(96)00505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|