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Shin MH, Oh E, Kim Y, Nam DH, Jeon SY, Yu JH, Minn D. Recent Advances in CAR-Based Solid Tumor Immunotherapy. Cells 2023; 12:1606. [PMID: 37371075 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is one of the most advanced engineering platforms for cancer immunotherapy. CAR-T cells have shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their limitations in solid tumors include an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), insufficient tumor infiltration, toxicity, and the absence of tumor-specific antigens. Although recent advances in CAR-T cell design-such as the incorporation of co-stimulatory domains and the development of armored CAR-T cells-have shown promising results in treating solid tumors, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. To overcome these limitations, other immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages (M), have been developed as attractive options for efficient cancer immunotherapy of solid tumors. CAR-NK cells exhibit substantial clinical improvements with "off-the-shelf" availability and low toxicity. CAR-M cells have promising therapeutic potential because macrophages can infiltrate the TME of solid tumors. Here, we review the recent advances and future perspectives associated with engineered immune cell-based cancer immunotherapies for solid tumors. We also summarize ongoing clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of engineered immune cells, such as CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M, for targeting solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwa Shin
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Oh
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Nam
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Jeon
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Yu
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Immune Research Institute, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea
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Song SH, Chung KY, Jee Y, Chung HS, Kim K, Minn D, Kim SK. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e22. [PMID: 36747360 PMCID: PMC9902664 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighty-five Korean kidney transplant recipients who received three doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine were tested with anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody and neutralizing antibody. High anti-RBD antibody (≥ 100 U/mL) and neutralizing antibody responses (≥ 30%) were detected in 51/85 (60.0%) patients. When we divided the patients with the time from transplantation to vaccination (< 1, 1-2.4, 2.5-4.9, and ≥ 5-year), anti-RBD antibody titers were 3.2 U/mL, 27.8 U/mL, 370.2 U/mL, and 5,094.2 U/mL (P < 0.001) and anti-neutralizing antibody levels were 2.2%, 11.6%, 45.6%, and 93.0% (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed increased antibody responses when the time from transplantation to vaccination was five years or longer (odds ratio, 12.0; confidence interval, 2.7-52.8). Korean kidney transplant recipients had suboptimal antibody responses after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A shorter time from transplantation to vaccination was a risk factor for a low antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Song
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ku Yong Chung
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongho Jee
- Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Sun Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kina Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee J, Choe YJ, Minn D, Kim JH. The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Children During Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e314. [PMID: 36377292 PMCID: PMC9667015 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often asymptomatic and associated with mild clinical symptoms in children. Social distancing measures have led to a relatively small number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Korea than in other countries in the earlier pandemic phase. Previous seroprevalence studies in Korean adults before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination campaign have shown a low antibody positivity rate. However, data on COVID-19 seroprevalence in Korean children remained scarce. In this study, we assessed the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children in Korea. METHODS Between December 2020 and March 2021, stratified serum samples were collected from children aged 0-18 years in 17 different regions across the country. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody test was conducted using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) to detect the antibodies against nucleocapsid antigens of SARS-CoV-2. Samples that tested positive using the ECLIA were reflexed to an additional plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS A total of 1,887 samples were collected. Excluding 21 samples collected from regional medical centers, 1,866 samples were included in the final analysis. Two samples (0.11%) were positive for the antibodies against nucleocapsid antigens of SARS-CoV-2. Both samples were shown to have neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 via PRNT. CONCLUSION After 1 year since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Korean children was 0.11%, which was lower than the adults (0.52%) in another study conducted during a similar period. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea was lower than those of other countries, which was presumed to be the consequence of a very strong social distancing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
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Kim CJ, Bae JY, Jun KI, Kim J, Son HJ, Chung HS, Kim SK, Kim S, Minn D, Choi HJ. Evaluation of the Efficacy of COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations in Healthcare Personnel. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1797. [PMID: 36366305 PMCID: PMC9698918 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of different COVID-19 booster vaccines by measuring the serum antibody titer. SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid protein antibody (N-Ab), anti-spike protein antibody (S-Ab), and neutralizing antibody (Neut.Ab) were measured before and 4-6 weeks after booster vaccinations in healthcare personnel with a previous vaccination within 3-6 months. Personnel who previously received two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine or two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine received the BNT162b2 vaccine (AAP and PPP groups, respectively). Personnel who previously received two doses of mRNA-1273 received the same vaccine as a booster dose (MMM group). Of the 917 participants, the AAP, MMM, and PPP groups comprised 837 (91.3%), 27 (2.9%), and 53 (5.8%) participants, respectively. The pre-booster S-Ab and Neut.Ab titer were significantly lower in the AAP group. After the booster vaccination, all participants were positive for S-Ab and Neut.Ab; furthermore, the S-Ab and Neut.Ab titer significantly increased in all three groups, although the post-booster S-Ab was lower in the AAP group than in the other groups. The post-booster Neut.Ab titer showed no significant difference among the groups. Our study's results suggest that booster vaccination, after two prior vaccinations, shows a significant effect regardless of the type of vaccine administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Ewha Education and Research Center for Infection, Seoul 07985, Korea
- Office of Infection Control, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Bae
- Ewha Education and Research Center for Infection, Seoul 07985, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
- Office of Infection Control, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Kang-Il Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Office of Infection Control, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Office of Infection Control, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Son
- Office of Infection Control, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Hae-Sun Chung
- Ewha Education and Research Center for Infection, Seoul 07985, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- Ewha Education and Research Center for Infection, Seoul 07985, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
- Office of Infection Control, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
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Kim N, Shin S, Minn D, Park S, An D, Park JH, Roh EY, Yoon JH, Park H. SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Antibody Titer Reduction for 6 Months After Second Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in Health Care Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:32-37. [PMID: 35104871 PMCID: PMC8903323 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibody levels change over 6 months in participants receiving the vaccination. From the enrolled 272 health care workers (HCWs), blood samples were obtained at 2, 16, and 24 weeks after the second vaccination dose. In the 267 noninfected HCWs, the neutralizing antibodies decreased by 23.9%, and the anti-spike/receptor binding domain antibody decreased by 53.8% at 24 weeks. We observed no significant difference in antibody reduction between the sexes; however, in younger individuals, there was higher antibody formation and lower reduction rates of the neutralizing antibody. In 3 HCWs with breakthrough infections, the antibody levels were relatively low just before the coronavirus disease 2019 infection. In conclusion, as antibody titers decrease over time after the second vaccination dose and HCWs with low antibody titers tend to have a high probability of breakthrough infection, an additional dose should be considered after several months. Blood samples were obtained from health care workers at 2, 16, and 24 weeks after a second vaccination dose. Antibody titers decreased over time and the participants with low antibody titers tended to have a high probability of breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Dongheui An
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Park JS, Minn D, Hong S, Jeong S, Kim S, Lee CH, Kim B. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: The Efficacy of a Mix-and-Match Strategy. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e180. [PMID: 35698835 PMCID: PMC9194491 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. METHODS ESRD patients at the hemodialysis center of a tertiary-care university-affiliated hospital and healthy employees at the clinical laboratory center were prospectively recruited between March and June 2021. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody analysis, blood samples were collected serially on days 0, 14, 28, and 56 after the first vaccine dose, and on days 7 and 50 after the second dose. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were quantified, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were measured in the serum and plasma. RESULTS Thirty-one ESRD patients and 55 healthy employees were regularly monitored. Twenty-five (80.6%) ESRD patients on hemodialysis received a mix-and-match strategy with ChAdOx1-BNT162b2 (AZ-Pf group) and six (19.4%) received two doses of ChAdOx1 (AZ-AZ group). ESRD patients on hemodialysis showed lower binding antibody titers and neutralizing antibody activities compared to healthy participants following the first vaccination with ChAdOx1. After the second dose, AZ-Pf group had higher immunogenicity than healthy people on days 7 and 50. The binding antibody titer and neutralizing antibody activities on days 7 and 50 were significantly higher in the AZ-Pf group than in the AZ-AZ group. CONCLUSION ESRD patients on hemodialysis receiving the mix-and-match strategy (ChAdOx1-BNT162b2) have COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity comparable to healthy individuals receiving two doses of ChAdOx1. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04871945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Sung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susie Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saeyoung Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Bongyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim I, Minn D, Kim S, Kim JK, Cho JH. KOREAN AEROALLERGEN SENSITIZATION STATUS FROM 2018-2021. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 15:254-263. [PMID: 35619237 PMCID: PMC9441505 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2022.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Studies on the aeroallergen sensitization status of South Koreans based on large-scale data are lacking. Methods. We analyzed data from 368,156 multiple allergosorbent tests collected by a domestic medical diagnosis company from 3,735 hospitals nationwide from 2018 to 2021. We additionally collected sex, age, and regional data. If the level of an aeroallergen was 0.35 IU/mL or more, the test result for that aeroallergen was defined as positive, and positive cases were defined as those where one aeroallergen was positive. The positive ratio (PR) for aeroallergens was calculated using positive cases. Results. In total, 347,996 cases were analyzed, excluding cases with missing data. The percentage of positive cases was 56.7%, which was highest in adolescents (74.1%) and lowest in the elderly (47.0%). All four types of mites had high PRs (0.382–0.655), and mold had low PRs (0.023–0.058). Among pollens, the PRs of grasses were generally high (more than 0.14), followed by weeds (approximately 0.10), and the PRs of woods was less than 0.1. For animals, cats and dogs had the highest PRs, at 0.231 and 0.183, respectively. The value for cockroaches was also high, at 0.211. The PRs of indoor aeroallergens, such as mites, molds, and animals, were high in adolescents, and those of pollen and cockroaches were high in the elderly. In Jeju, the PR of Japanese cedars was extremely high (0.222). Conclusion. Koreans were found to be sensitized to a wide variety of aeroallergens. There were significant differences in sensitization patterns according to age and region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intae Kim
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Suhyun Kim
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kook Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon SR, Kim N, Park H, Minn D, Park S, Roh EY, Yoon JH, Shin S. Strong SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response After Booster Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccines in Uninfected Healthcare Workers. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e135. [PMID: 35578582 PMCID: PMC9110264 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strict guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), South Korea is facing its fourth pandemic wave. In this study, by using an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay assay, we tracked anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD) antibody titer from the second dose to 2 weeks after the booster dose vaccination. After the second dose, 234 participants had their anti-S-RBD antibody titers decrease over time. We also showed the booster dose (the third dose) increased antibody titer by average 14 (min-max, 2-255)-fold higher compared to the second dose among the 211-booster group participants, therefore, the booster dose could be recommended for low responders to the second dose. Our findings showed a distinct humoral response after booster doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines and may provide further evidence of booster vaccination efficacy. These data will also be helpful in vaccination policy decisions that determine the need for the booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Ryun Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Mun KH, Jang H, Jeong H, Choi J, Lee JW, Kim AR, Kim SH, Kim SS, Kwon D, Minn D, Park Q. Comparison of the Prevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 9954 Recruits in the Korean Army Training Center with the General Korean Population of Equivalent Age Between September and November, 2020. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e934926. [PMID: 35505583 PMCID: PMC9083215 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be a useful tool when studying spread of the disease. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 9954 recruits in the Korean Army Training Center with the general Korean population age <30 years between September and November, 2020. Material/Methods At the Korean Army Training Center, samples were taken from 9954 men from September to November, 2020. Participants were randomly enlisted healthy adult men. The data were compared with 4,205,265 samples from the Korean general population. Men age <30 years were used, as this is similar to the age range of the military recruits. Results Among military recruits, 31 subjects (0.31%) were positive for the antibody, while the Korean male population had 3757 (0.09%) positive individuals. Among these 31 men, 13 were previously diagnosed by PCR, while 18 (58.06%) had no history related to the disease. Positive military recruits were mostly from 2 regional clusters. The first cluster was Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas (1.97% and 0.80%, respectively), which had an outbreak in March, 2020. The second cluster was Gyeonggi and Seoul, or capital areas (0.23% and 0.20%, respectively), which currently has high PCR positivity. Overall, seroprevalence was 3.49 times higher in study subjects. Conclusions The high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 between September and November 2020 in a densely populated military academy in Korea may have been an indicator for the resulting outbreak of COVID-19 in winter 2020–21, which highlights the importance of asymptomatic spread from the young and healthy to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Mun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Injae University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Haebong Jang
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Armed Forces Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Responses Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Qyuen Park
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Armed Force Medical Science Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim AR, Minn D, Kim S, Do H, Kim BB, Choi YS, Kim DH, Oh EJ, Oh K, Kwon D, Kwon JW, Kim SS, Lee J. Seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in community based on participants in the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022028. [PMID: 35209706 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a nationwide cross-sectional surveillance system that assesses the health and nutritional status of the Korean population. To evaluate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community, we investigated the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the sera of KNHANES participants. Methods The subjects were recruited between April 24, 2020, and December 12, 2020. A total of 5,284 subjects aged 10-90 years from 17 regions participated in the survey. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were screened using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Positive samples were verified using four different SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and the plaque reduction neutralizing test (PRNT). The final seropositivity criteria were defined as a positive screening test and at least one positive out of the five additional tests. Results The distribution of survey participants was as follows: 49.2% (2,600/5,284) were from a metropolitan area, 48.9% were middle-aged (in their 40s and 60s) and 19.3% were in their 20s or younger. The seropositivity rate among the participants was 0.09% (5/5,284). Out of the five antibody-positive subjects, three had a history of infection, of whom, two were infected abroad while one was infected through a local cluster outbreak. Conclusion The low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in Korea indicates the fewer COVID-19 patients due to succeed of COVID-19 management measures. Moreover, asymptomatic infections were also detected fewer due to active PCR testing. However, hidden infections may still be prevalent in the community, thus requiring continuous quarantine and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ra Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Medical Director for Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - SuHwan Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - HyeonNam Do
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Brian Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Young Sill Choi
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department to Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Donghyok Kwon
- Division of Public Health Emergency Responses Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Jun-Wook Kwon
- National Institute of Health (NIH), Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), CheongJu, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, CheongJu, Korea
| | - Junewoo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, CheongJu, Korea
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11
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Kim YK, Minn D, Chang SH, Suh JS. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses after Various COVID-19 Vaccinations in Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020193. [PMID: 35214652 PMCID: PMC8874846 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination began for healthcare workers in South Korea at the end of February 2021. This study investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses after various COVID-19 vaccinations in healthcare workers. Blood specimens of 497 vaccinated healthcare workers were collected. Inoculated vaccines were ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca/Oxford), BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), JNJ-78436735 (Janssen), and mRNA-1273 (Moderna). Each specimen was tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics), SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott), and R-FIND SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody kit (SG medical Inc.). A questionnaire was used to investigate adverse events related to vaccination. We found that 99.5% of the subjects showed a 96–100% positive rate in all three antibody assays, regardless of the vaccine type. The antibody-positive rate of completed vaccination groups reached 96–100%, and antibody quantities significantly increased 2 weeks after vaccination. The antibody values measured approximately 3 months after BNT162b2 inoculation significantly correlated with adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 05548, Korea;
| | - Soon-Hee Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Jang-Soo Suh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (S.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-200-5278
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12
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Kang YM, Minn D, Lim J, Lee KD, Jo DH, Choe KW, Kim MJ, Kim JM, Kim KN. Comparison of Antibody Response Elicited by ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e311. [PMID: 34845875 PMCID: PMC8629719 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines are currently commonly used against coronavirus disease 2019 worldwide. Our study was designed to determine the serostatus and relative levels of anti-S and neutralizing antibodies in patients who were administered either ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccine. In addition, we investigated whether the antibody response to each vaccine differed according to sex and age. METHODS Healthcare workers (HCWs) at a general hospital who were vaccinated with two doses of either ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 were invited to participate in this prospective cohort study. Blood samples of HCWs vaccinated with both ChAdOx1 doses over a period of 12 weeks were collected at weeks 4 and 8 post first vaccination and 2 weeks post second vaccination. Blood samples of HCWs vaccinated with BNT162b2 were collected in the third week after the first dose, and the second dose was then administered on the same day; two weeks post second dose (5 weeks after the first dose), blood samples were collected to assess the antibody response. The titers of anti-S antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain and the neutralizing antibodies in the collected blood were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 309 HCWs enrolled in the study, 205 received ChAdOx1 and 104 received BNT162b2. Blood samples from participants receiving either the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccine exhibited substantial anti-S and neutralizing antibody seropositivity subsequent to the second dose. All participants (100%) from both vaccine groups were seropositive for anti-S antibody, while 98% (201/205) of ChAdOx1-vaccinated individuals and 100% (104/104) of BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals were seropositive for neutralizing antibodies. The median levels of anti-S and neutralizing antibodies were significantly higher in the BNT162b2-vaccinated group than the ChAdOx1-vaccinated group; in particular, anti-S antibody titers of 1,020 (interquartile range, 571.0-1,631.0) U/mL vs. 2,360 (1,243-2,500) U/mL, P < 0.05, were recorded for the ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 groups, respectively, and neutralizing antibody titers of 85.0 (65.9-92.1%) vs. 95.8 (94.4-96.6%), P < 0.05, were recorded for the ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 groups, respectively. In the ChAdOx1 vaccine group, the neutralizing antibody level was significantly higher in women than in men (85.7 [70.3-92.5%] vs. 77.7 [59.2-91.0%], P < 0.05); however, the neutralizing antibody titer in the BNT162b2 vaccine group did not vary between the two sexes (95.9 [95.2-96.6%] vs. 95.2 [93.5-96.3%], P = 0.200). Analysis of the correlation of antibody profiles with age revealed that the levels of anti-S antibodies and signal inhibition rate (SIR) of neutralizing antibodies decreased significantly with age. CONCLUSION Both the ChAdOx1- and BNT162b2-vaccinated groups showed high seropositivity for anti-S and neutralizing antibodies. The SIR of neutralizing antibodies in the ChAdOx1 vaccine group was higher in women than in men. Enhanced antibody responses were observed in participants vaccinated with BNT162b2 compared to those vaccinated with the ChAdOx1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Min Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | | | - Jaegyun Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Deok Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kang-Won Choe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Moon Jung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Nam Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
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13
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Kim YK, Minn D, Song DY, Lee CH, Ryoo NH, Jeon CH, Song KE, Suh JS, Chang SH. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody in 2,935 Healthcare Workers at 6 Major Hospitals, Daegu, Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e294. [PMID: 34751011 PMCID: PMC8575762 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Korea, the first community outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Daegu on February 18, 2020. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in healthcare workers (HCWs) at 6 major hospitals in Daegu. METHODS Blood specimens of 2,935 HCWs at 6 major hospitals in Daegu from January 2021 to February 2021 were collected. Every specimen was tested for antibody against SARS-CoV-2 using both Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) and R-FIND COVID-19 IgG/M/A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (SG medical Inc., Seoul, Korea) as screening tests. If 1 or more of these screening test results was positive, 2 additional antibody tests were performed using Abbott Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA) and cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit (GenScript USA Inc., Piscataway, NJ, USA). If 2 or more of the total 4 test results were positive, it was determined as positive for the antibody against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS According to the criteria of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity determination, 12 subjects were determined as positive. The overall positive rate of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody was 0.41% (12/2,935). Of the 12 subjects determined as positive, 7 were diagnosed with COVID-19, and the remaining 5 were nondiagnosed cases of COVID-19. CONCLUSION In early 2021, the overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among HCW located in Daegu was 0.41%, and 0.17% excluding COVID-19 confirmed subjects. These results were not particularly high compared with the general public and were much lower than HCWs in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chae Hoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Song
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang Soo Suh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Hee Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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Kim YK, Minn D, Yoo EH, Park M, Lee JH, Ha JS, Ham JY, Chang SH, Lee HC, Suh JS, Jeon CH, Kim DH, Park S, Lee NY, Song KE, Kim S, Kim TY, Kim SG. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Antibody Responses in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea. Clin Lab 2021; 67. [PMID: 34758229 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started to spread in Daegu beginning at the end of February 2020. IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with moderate to severe symptoms to improve the understanding of antibody responses. METHODS We enrolled 312 patients with COVID-19 admitted to seven hospitals located in Daegu. Using serum (or plasma) samples from patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, both IgG and IgM antibodies were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R-FIND CO¬VID-19 ELISA, SG medical, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS The median value from the initial diagnosis, confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 PCR, to the sampling date was 24 days (day 1 to 88). The total positive rate of IgG was 93.9% and the positive IgM rate was 39.4%, without considering the elapsed period after diagnosis. Positive IgG and IgM rates were highest at 100.0% and 59.0%, respectively, at 3 weeks (15 - 21 days). IgG showed a high positive rate of 79.3% even within 7 days after the initial diag-nosis of the disease and maintained a positive rate of 97.8% until after 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, IgG was detected from the beginning of the diagnosis and persisted for an extended time period.
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Jo DH, Minn D, Lim J, Lee KD, Kang YM, Choe KW, Kim KN. Rapidly Declining SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers within 4 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1145. [PMID: 34696253 PMCID: PMC8539465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine are known, but antibodies are expected to decrease over time after vaccination. We collected blood samples from 104 fully vaccinated health care workers at 3 and 5 weeks after first vaccination and 4 months after second vaccination. Antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies were measured. In our study, both antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies increased significantly at 5 weeks after first vaccination but decreased rapidly at 4 months after second vaccination. Additionally, the results showed a significant decrease regardless of gender or age. Further studies are needed to help determine the interval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Jo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 05548, Korea
| | - Jaegyun Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Korea
| | - Ki-Deok Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Korea
| | - Yu-Min Kang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Korea
| | - Kang-Won Choe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Korea
| | - Kwang-Nam Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses have been suggested to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated the inflammatory markers and cytokines in COVID-19 according to its severity. METHODS We enrolled 49 patients with COVID-19, who were classified as either moderate or critical cases. Serum or plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured. RESULTS Lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels were significantly higher in the critical group than in the moderate group (p < 0.001). IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the critical group, with elevated IL-6 levels from the first to third weeks after confirmed PCR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory markers and cytokines were increased in COVID-19 and closely related to the severity of the disease. We recommend early active monitoring of IL-6 levels along with inflammatory markers for severe COVID-19.
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Kim N, Minn D, Park S, Roh EY, Yoon JH, Park H, Shin S. Positivity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies among Korean Healthy Healthcare Workers 1 and 2 Weeks after Second Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccination. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e158. [PMID: 34060264 PMCID: PMC8167405 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody titer of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was observed in 289 healthy healthcare workers who had completed the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Antibody tests were performed using both the automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and the chromatographic lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). All subjects had antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 only one week after completing the vaccination, and the antibody titer became significantly higher after another week (P < 0.001). Since there was a large amount of antibody formation within two weeks after completion of vaccination, the less sensitive method, LFIA, also showed high sensitivity. There was no significant difference between whole blood and serum in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after vaccination. This is an early study of vaccinations among Koreans and is expected to contribute to the establishment of national guidelines on COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chang SH, Minn D, Kim YK. Autoantibodies in moderate and critical cases of COVID-19. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1625-1626. [PMID: 33934534 PMCID: PMC8239866 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hee Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dohsik Minn
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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