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Tanaka T, Nakamura H, Tran DT, Warner BM, Wang Y, Atsumi T, Noguchi M, Chiorini JA. LAMP3 transfer via extracellular particles induces apoptosis in Sjögren's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2595. [PMID: 36788255 PMCID: PMC9929273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease that affects exocrine tissues and is characterized by increased apoptosis in salivary and lacrimal glands. Although the pathogenic mechanism triggering SjD is not well understood, overexpression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) is associated with the disease in a subset of SjD patients and the development of SjD-like phenotype in mice. In this study, histological analysis of minor salivary glands of SjD patients suggested that LAMP3-containing material is being ejected from cells. Follow-on in vitro experiments with cells exposed to extracellular particles (EPs) derived from LAMP3-overexpressing cells showed increased apoptosis. Proteomics identified LAMP3 as a major component of EPs derived from LAMP3-overexpressing cells. Live-cell imaging visualized release and uptake of LAMP3-containing EPs from LAMP3-overexpressing cells to naïve cells. Furthermore, experiments with recombinant LAMP3 protein alone or complexed with Xfect protein transfection reagent demonstrated that internalization of LAMP3 was required for apoptosis in a caspase-dependent pathway. Taken together, we identified a new role for extracellular LAMP3 in cell-to-cell communication via EPs, which provides further support for targeting LAMP3 as a therapeutic approach in SjD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tanaka
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Duy T Tran
- NIDCR Imaging Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - John A Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Ten Hagen KG, Syed ZA, Zhang L, Tran DT, Bleck CKE. Orchestrated Intragranular Restructuring of Mucins During Secretory Granule Maturation. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.0i192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tran DT, Juang YC, Tsai L. Contrary response of porcine articular cartilage below and over 1000 s -1. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 90:105506. [PMID: 34610506 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee joints experience excessive loads quite frequently during sports activities, and these shocks could accelerate progressive degeneration in articular cartilage. METHODS Quasi-static and dynamic response of porcine knee articular cartilages were investigated in this research. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) were utilized to examine the articular cartilage properties at strain rates between 0.01-2000 s-1. FINDINGS The results showed that strain rate is an important factor for articular cartilages, distinctively divided into above and below 1000 s-1. The articular cartilages exhibit a strain hardening phenomenon when shock loaded at strain rates under 1000 s-1. When loaded at strain rates over 1000 s-1, their ultimate strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing strain rates. INTERPRETATION The biphasic structure of the cartilage explained the change of modulus. At the lower strain rates, fibers realigned and solidified the structure, while at higher strain rates, there is not enough time for the tissue fluid to move inside the cartilage, leading to a reduction in the deformability of the specimen and raising of Young's modulus. The results can be utilized to provide some useful data for biomaterial and computational works in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Tran
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 415, Jiangong rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y C Juang
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 415, Jiangong rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - L Tsai
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 415, Jiangong rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Pant B, Zhang W, Ebert M, Yan X, Du H, Banakar M, Tran DT, Qi Y, Rowe D, Jeyaselvan V, Littlejohns CG, Reed GT, Thomson DJ. Study into the spread of heat from thermo-optic silicon photonic elements. Opt Express 2021; 29:36461-36468. [PMID: 34809057 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phase modulators based upon the thermo-optic effect are used widely in silicon photonics for low speed applications such as switching and tuning. The dissipation of the heat produced to drive the device to the surrounding silicon is a concern as it can dictate how compact and tightly packed components can be without concerns over thermal crosstalk. In this paper we study through modelling and experiment, on various silicon on insulator photonic platforms, how close waveguides can be placed together without significant thermal crosstalk from adjacent devices.
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Tran DT, Kangogo KK, Amisi JA, Kamadi JK, Karwa RK, Kiragu BK, Laktabai JL, Manji IM, Njuguna BN, Szkwarko DS, Qian KQ, Vedanthan RV, Pastakia SP. Impact of a community-based medication delivery program for antihypertensive medications on adherence and blood pressure reduction. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the leading risk of death globally, and its burden continues to rise, disproportionately so in low- and middle-income countries. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medications is a major cause of uncontrolled hypertension, leading to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Ensuring consistent medication access and possession is crucial in addressing non-adherence. Community-based medication delivery is a strategy that can lead to improvement in medication possession, medication adherence, and subsequently BP reduction.
Purpose
Our program in western Kenya piloted a community medication delivery program for hypertensive patients, aiming to remove structural barriers to medication possession and ensuring consistent access to antihypertensive medications. Here, we reviewed secondary clinical data to evaluate the impact of this program on BP reduction and medication adherence.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis using clinical records of hypertensive patients who participated in the medication delivery program. Between September 2019 and March 2020, patients who received care from our community-based chronic disease management program also received anti-hypertensive medications delivered to them at their doorstep. We compared differences in self-reported medication adherence and BP reduction between patients who got medication deliveries versus those who did not. Mixed effect models, controlling for baseline measurements, age, gender, and health insurance status were used to analyze outcomes of interest.
Results
A total of 124 patient records (80.6% female) were reviewed. Baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 155.7 mmHg and baseline self-reported adherence per the Voils DOSE-Nonadherence measure was 2.7, with 1 being perfect adherence and 5 representing poor adherence. 48.4% of patients received at least 1 successful medication delivery. Patients who did not receive any medication deliveries had an SBP increase of 1.5 mmHg relative to baseline, whereas patients who received 1 medication delivery had an SBP reduction of 8 mmHg and patients who received 2 or more medication deliveries had an SBP reduction of 15.2 mmHg (Figure 1). Similarly, change in self-reported medication adherence was poorer in patients who received no medication deliveries (+0.1) versus those who received one medication delivery (−0.5) or 2 or more deliveries (−0.7). Mixed-effect model estimates demonstrated that relative to patients who did not receive any medication deliveries, mean SBP reduction was significantly greater among individuals who did receive medication deliveries (Table 1).
Conclusions
A community medication delivery program in western Kenya led to improved medication adherence and systolic blood pressure reduction. This is a promising strategy to improve hypertension outcomes for patients with uncontrolled hypertension by removing structural barriers to medication possession.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Purdue University Gloria Franke Pharmacy Practice Advancement Grant Change in blood pressure and adherenceMixed-effect model estimates
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Tran
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - K K Kangogo
- The Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - J A Amisi
- Moi University School of Medicine, Family Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - J K Kamadi
- The Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - R K Karwa
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - B K Kiragu
- The Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - J L Laktabai
- Moi University School of Medicine, Family Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - I M Manji
- Moi Teaching and referral Hospital, Pharmacy, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - B N Njuguna
- Moi Teaching and referral Hospital, Pharmacy, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - D S Szkwarko
- Brown University, Family Medicine, Providence, United States of America
| | - K Q Qian
- New York University School of Medicine, Population Health, New York, United States of America
| | - R V Vedanthan
- New York University School of Medicine, Population Health, New York, United States of America
| | - S P Pastakia
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice, Indianapolis, United States of America
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Zhang W, Ebert M, Chen B, Reynolds JD, Yan X, Du H, Banakar M, Tran DT, Debnath K, Littlejohns CG, Saito S, Thomson DJ. Integration of low loss vertical slot waveguides on SOI photonic platforms for high efficiency carrier accumulation modulators. Opt Express 2020; 28:23143-23153. [PMID: 32752315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.397044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon accumulation type modulators offer prospects of high power efficiency, large bandwidth and high voltage phase linearity making them promising candidates for a number of advanced electro-optic applications. A significant challenge in the realisation of such a modulator is the fabrication of the passive waveguide structure which requires a thin dielectric layer to be positioned within the waveguide, i.e. slotted waveguides. Simultaneously, the fabricated slotted waveguide should be integrated with conventional rib waveguides with negligible optical transition losses. Here, successful integration of polysilicon and silicon slot waveguides enabling a low propagation loss 0.4-1.2 dB/mm together with an ultra-small optical mode conversion loss 0.04 dB between rib and slot waveguides is demonstrated. These fabricated slot waveguide with dielectric thermal SiO2 layer thicknesses around 6 nm, 8 nm and 10 nm have been characterized under transmission electron microscopy allowing for strong carrier accumulation effects for MOS-capacitor electro-optic modulators.
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Du H, Zhang X, Littlejohns CG, Tran DT, Yan X, Banakar M, Wei C, Thomson DJ, Reed GT. Nonconservative Coupling in a Passive Silicon Microring Resonator. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:013606. [PMID: 31976699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.013606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on nonconservative coupling in a passive silicon microring between its clockwise and counterclockwise resonance modes. The coupling coefficient is adjustable using a thermo-optic phase shifter. The resulting resonance of the supermodes due to nonconservative coupling is predicted in theory and demonstrated in experiments. This Letter paves the way for fundamental studies of on-chip lasers and quantum photonics, and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Du
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C G Littlejohns
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Silicon Technologies Centre of Excellence, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - D T Tran
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - X Yan
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Banakar
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - C Wei
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - D J Thomson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - G T Reed
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Reynolds HM, Zhang L, Tran DT, Ten Hagen KG. Tango1 coordinates the formation of endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi docking sites to mediate secretory granule formation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19498-19510. [PMID: 31690624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated secretion is a conserved process occurring across diverse cells and tissues. Current models suggest that the conserved cargo receptor Tango1 mediates the packaging of collagen into large coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles that move from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. However, how Tango1 regulates the formation of COPII carriers and influences the secretion of other cargo remains unknown. Here, through high-resolution imaging of Tango1, COPII, Golgi, and secretory cargo (mucins) in Drosophila larval salivary glands, we found that Tango1 forms ring-like structures that mediate the formation of COPII rings rather than vesicles. These COPII rings act as docking sites for the cis-Golgi. Moreover, we observed nascent secretory mucins emerging from the Golgi side of these Tango1-COPII-Golgi complexes, suggesting that these structures represent functional docking sites/fusion points between the ER exit sites and the Golgi. Loss of Tango1 disrupted the formation of COPII rings, the association of COPII with the cis-Golgi, mucin O-glycosylation, and secretory granule biosynthesis. Additionally, we identified a Tango1 self-association domain that is essential for formation of this structure. Our results provide evidence that Tango1 organizes an interaction site where secretory cargo is efficiently transferred from the ER to Golgi and then to secretory vesicles. These findings may explain how the loss of Tango1 can influence Golgi/ER morphology and affect the secretion of diverse proteins across many tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Reynolds
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370
| | - Liping Zhang
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370
| | - Duy T Tran
- NIDCR Imaging Core, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370
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Du H, Zhang W, Littlejohns CG, Stankovic S, Yan X, Tran DT, Sharp GJ, Gardes FY, Thomson DJ, Sorel M, Mashanovich GZ, Reed GT. Ultra-sharp asymmetric Fano-like resonance spectrum on Si photonic platform. Opt Express 2019; 27:7365-7372. [PMID: 30876301 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.007365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the generation of an ultra-sharp asymmetric resonance spectrum through Fano-like interference. This generation is accomplished by weakly coupling a high-quality factor (Q factor) Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity and a low-Q factor FP cavity through evanescent waves. The high-Q FP cavity is formed by Sagnac loop mirrors, whilst the low-Q one is built by partially transmitting Sagnac loop reflectors. The working principle has been analytically established and numerically modelled by using temporal coupled-mode-theory (CMT), and verified using a prototype device fabricated on the 340 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, patterned by deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography. Pronounced asymmetric resonances with slopes up to 0.77 dB/pm have been successfully measured, which, to the best of our knowledge, is higher than the results reported in state-of-the-art devices in on-chip integrated Si photonic studies. The established theoretical analysis method can provide excellent design guidelines for devices with Fano-like resonances. The design principle can be applied to ultra-sensitive sensing, ultra-high extinction ratio switching, and more applications.
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Becker JL, Tran DT, Tabak LA. Members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes utilize distinct Golgi localization mechanisms. Glycobiology 2019; 28:841-848. [PMID: 30084948 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protein modification that is initiated in the Golgi apparatus by a family of enzymes known as the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). GalNAc-Ts are type II membrane proteins which contain short N-terminal tails located in the cytoplasm, a transmembrane domain that crosses the Golgi membrane, to which is connected a stem region that tethers the C-terminal catalytic and lectin domains that reside in the Golgi lumen. Although mucin-type O-glycans have been shown to play critical roles in numerous biological processes, little is known about how the GalNAc-Ts are targeted to their site of action within the Golgi complex. Here, we investigate the essential protein domains required for Golgi localization of four representative members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes. We find that GalNAc-T1 and -T2 require their cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domains for proper Golgi localization, while GalNAc-T10 requires its transmembrane and luminal stem domains. GalNAc-T7 can use either its cytoplasmic tail or its luminal stem, in combination with its transmembrane domain, to localize to the Golgi. We determined that a single glutamic acid in the GalNAc-T10 cytoplasmic tail inhibits its ability to localize to the Golgi via a cytoplasmic tail-dependent mechanism. We therefore demonstrate that despite their similarity, different members of this enzyme family are directed to the Golgi by more than one set of targeting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Becker
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Duy T Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Nedeljkovic M, Littlejohns CG, Khokhar AZ, Banakar M, Cao W, Penades JS, Tran DT, Gardes FY, Thomson DJ, Reed GT, Wang H, Mashanovich GZ. Silicon-on-insulator free-carrier injection modulators for the mid-infrared. Opt Lett 2019; 44:915-918. [PMID: 30768019 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Experimental demonstrations of silicon-on-insulator waveguide-based free-carrier effect modulators operating at 3.8 μm are presented. PIN diodes are used to inject carriers into the waveguides, and are configured to (a) use free-carrier electroabsorption to create a variable optical attenuator with 34 dB modulation depth and (b) use free-carrier electrorefraction with the PIN diodes acting as phase shifters in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, achieving a VπLπ of 0.052 V·mm and a DC modulation depth of 22 dB. Modulation is demonstrated at data rates up to 125 Mbit/s.
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Terashima S, Yu L, Ong HJ, Tanihata I, Adachi S, Aoi N, Chan PY, Fujioka H, Fukuda M, Geissel H, Gey G, Golak J, Haettner E, Iwamoto C, Kawabata T, Kamada H, Le XY, Sakaguchi H, Sakaue A, Scheidenberger C, Skibiński R, Sun BH, Tamii A, Tang TL, Tran DT, Topolnicki K, Wang TF, Watanabe YN, Weick H, Witała H, Zhang GX, Zhu LH. Dominance of Tensor Correlations in High-Momentum Nucleon Pairs Studied by (p,pd) Reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:242501. [PMID: 30608744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The isospin character of p-n pairs at large relative momentum has been observed for the first time in the ^{16}O ground state. A strong population of the J,T=1,0 state and a very weak population of the J,T=0,1 state were observed in the neutron pickup domain of ^{16}O(p,pd) at 392 MeV. This strong isospin dependence at large momentum transfer is not reproduced by the distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations with known spectroscopic amplitudes. The results indicate the presence of high-momentum protons and neutrons induced by the tensor interactions in the ground state of ^{16}O.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Terashima
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in Cosmos, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - L Yu
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - H J Ong
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - I Tanihata
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in Cosmos, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S Adachi
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - N Aoi
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - P Y Chan
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - H Fujioka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, 1-5 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planskstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - G Gey
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - J Golak
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
| | - E Haettner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planskstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - C Iwamoto
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - T Kawabata
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Kamada
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - X Y Le
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in Cosmos, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - H Sakaguchi
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - A Sakaue
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planskstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - R Skibiński
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
| | - B H Sun
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in Cosmos, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - A Tamii
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - T L Tang
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - D T Tran
- RCNP, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - K Topolnicki
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
| | - T F Wang
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in Cosmos, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Y N Watanabe
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planskstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Witała
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
| | - G X Zhang
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in Cosmos, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - L H Zhu
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in Cosmos, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
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Ji S, Samara NL, Revoredo L, Zhang L, Tran DT, Muirhead K, Tabak LA, Ten Hagen KG. A molecular switch orchestrates enzyme specificity and secretory granule morphology. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3508. [PMID: 30158631 PMCID: PMC6115407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to membranous secretory granules, where they undergo packaging and maturation. Here, we identify a gene (pgant9) that influences the structure and shape of secretory granules within the Drosophila salivary gland. Loss of pgant9, which encodes an O-glycosyltransferase, results in secretory granules with an irregular, shard-like morphology, and altered glycosylation of cargo. Interestingly, pgant9 undergoes a splicing event that acts as a molecular switch to alter the charge of a loop controlling access to the active site of the enzyme. The splice variant with the negatively charged loop glycosylates the positively charged secretory cargo and rescues secretory granule morphology. Our study highlights a mechanism for dictating substrate specificity within the O-glycosyltransferase enzyme family. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the glycosylation status of secretory cargo influences the morphology of maturing secretory granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena Ji
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Nadine L Samara
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Leslie Revoredo
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Duy T Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kayla Muirhead
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA.
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14
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Mukaibo T, Munemasa T, George AT, Tran DT, Gao X, Herche JL, Masaki C, Shull GE, Soleimani M, Melvin JE. The apical anion exchanger Slc26a6 promotes oxalate secretion by murine submandibular gland acinar cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6259-6268. [PMID: 29530983 PMCID: PMC5925796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) gene family encodes at least 10 different anion exchangers. SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion. In contrast, in the small intestine, SLC26A6 serves as the major pathway for oxalate secretion. However, little is known about the function of Slc26a6 in murine salivary glands. Here, RNA sequencing-based transcriptional profiling and Western blots revealed that Slc26a6 is highly expressed in mouse submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Slc26a6 localized to the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells with no detectable immunostaining in the ducts. CHO-K1 cells transfected with mouse Slc26a6 exchanged Cl- for oxalate and HCO3-, whereas two other anion exchangers known to be expressed in salivary gland acinar cells, Slc4a4 and Slc4a9, mediated little, if any, Cl-/oxalate exchange. Of note, both Cl-/oxalate exchange and Cl-/HCO3- exchange were significantly reduced in acinar cells isolated from the submandibular glands of Slc26a6-/- mice. Oxalate secretion in submandibular saliva also decreased significantly in Slc26a6-/- mice, but HCO3- secretion was unaffected. Taken together, our findings indicate that Slc26a6 is located at the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells, where it mediates Cl-/oxalate exchange and plays a critical role in the secretion of oxalate into saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Mukaibo
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Alvin T George
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
| | - Duy T Tran
- Biological Chemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xin Gao
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and
| | - Jesse L Herche
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Gary E Shull
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - James E Melvin
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
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15
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Tran DT, Ong HJ, Hagen G, Morris TD, Aoi N, Suzuki T, Kanada-En'yo Y, Geng LS, Terashima S, Tanihata I, Nguyen TT, Ayyad Y, Chan PY, Fukuda M, Geissel H, Harakeh MN, Hashimoto T, Hoang TH, Ideguchi E, Inoue A, Jansen GR, Kanungo R, Kawabata T, Khiem LH, Lin WP, Matsuta K, Mihara M, Momota S, Nagae D, Nguyen ND, Nishimura D, Otsuka T, Ozawa A, Ren PP, Sakaguchi H, Scheidenberger C, Tanaka J, Takechi M, Wada R, Yamamoto T. Evidence for prevalent Z = 6 magic number in neutron-rich carbon isotopes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1594. [PMID: 29686394 PMCID: PMC5913314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear shell structure, which originates in the nearly independent motion of nucleons in an average potential, provides an important guide for our understanding of nuclear structure and the underlying nuclear forces. Its most remarkable fingerprint is the existence of the so-called magic numbers of protons and neutrons associated with extra stability. Although the introduction of a phenomenological spin-orbit (SO) coupling force in 1949 helped in explaining the magic numbers, its origins are still open questions. Here, we present experimental evidence for the smallest SO-originated magic number (subshell closure) at the proton number six in 13-20C obtained from systematic analysis of point-proton distribution radii, electromagnetic transition rates and atomic masses of light nuclei. Performing ab initio calculations on 14,15C, we show that the observed proton distribution radii and subshell closure can be explained by the state-of-the-art nuclear theory with chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces, which are rooted in the quantum chromodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Tran
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - H J Ong
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
| | - G Hagen
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - T D Morris
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - N Aoi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Physics, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Kanada-En'yo
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - L S Geng
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - S Terashima
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - I Tanihata
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - T T Nguyen
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 70250, Vietnam
- Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Y Ayyad
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - P Y Chan
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - M Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - M N Harakeh
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, 9747 AA, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Hashimoto
- Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34047, Korea
| | - T H Hoang
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - E Ideguchi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - A Inoue
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - G R Jansen
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - R Kanungo
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - T Kawabata
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - L H Khiem
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - W P Lin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - K Matsuta
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Mihara
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Momota
- Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - D Nagae
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - N D Nguyen
- Dong Nai University, Dong Nai, 81000, Vietnam
| | - D Nishimura
- Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - T Otsuka
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Ozawa
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - P P Ren
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - H Sakaguchi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Tanaka
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - M Takechi
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - R Wada
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - T Yamamoto
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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16
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Herbomel GG, Rojas RE, Tran DT, Ajinkya M, Beck L, Tabak LA. The GalNAc-T Activation Pathway (GALA) is not a general mechanism for regulating mucin-type O-glycosylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179241. [PMID: 28719662 PMCID: PMC5515409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. Their activity results in the GalNAc α1-O-Thr/Ser structure, termed the Tn antigen, which is further decorated with additional sugars. In neoplastic cells, the Tn antigen is often overexpressed. Because O-glycosylation is controlled by the activity of GalNAc-Ts, their regulation is of great interest. Previous reports suggest that growth factors, EGF or PDGF, induce Golgi complex-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relocation of both GalNAc-Ts and Tn antigen in HeLa cells, offering a mechanism for Tn antigen overexpression termed "GALA". However, we were unable to reproduce these findings. Upon treatment of HeLa cells with either EGF or PDGF we observed no change in the co-localization of endogenous GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T2 or Tn antigen with the Golgi complex marker TGN46. There was also no enhancement of localization with the ER marker calnexin. We conclude that growth factors do not cause redistribution of GalNAc-Ts from the Golgi complex to the ER in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan G. Herbomel
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raul E. Rojas
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Duy T. Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Monica Ajinkya
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lauren Beck
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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17
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Milberg O, Shitara A, Ebrahim S, Masedunskas A, Tora M, Tran DT, Chen Y, Conti MA, Adelstein RS, Ten Hagen KG, Weigert R. Concerted actions of distinct nonmuscle myosin II isoforms drive intracellular membrane remodeling in live animals. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1925-1936. [PMID: 28600434 PMCID: PMC5496622 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling plays a fundamental role during a variety of biological events. However, the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process within cells in mammalian tissues in situ remain largely unknown. In this study, we use intravital subcellular microscopy in live mice to study the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in driving the remodeling of membranes of large secretory granules, which are integrated into the plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis. We show that two isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, NMIIA and NMIIB, control distinct steps of the integration process. Furthermore, we find that F-actin is not essential for the recruitment of NMII to the secretory granules but plays a key role in the assembly and activation of NMII into contractile filaments. Our data support a dual role for the actomyosin cytoskeleton in providing the mechanical forces required to remodel the lipid bilayer and serving as a scaffold to recruit key regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Milberg
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Akiko Shitara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
| | - Muhibullah Tora
- Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Duy T Tran
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary Anne Conti
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD .,Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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18
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Famiglietti AL, Wei Z, Beres TM, Milac AL, Tran DT, Patel D, Angerer RC, Angerer LM, Tabak LA. Characterization and expression analysis of Galnts in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176479. [PMID: 28448610 PMCID: PMC5407767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. Structural models underscored these similarities and helped reconcile some of the substrate preferences observed. Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. We found that many of these genes are transcribed early in developing embryos, often with restricted expression to the endomesodermal region. Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Famiglietti
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wei
- Developmental Mechanisms Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Beres
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Adina L. Milac
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Duy T. Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Divya Patel
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Angerer
- Developmental Mechanisms Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Lynne M. Angerer
- Developmental Mechanisms Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Real-time imaging of regulated exocytosis in secreting organs can provide unprecedented temporal and spatial detail. Here, we highlight recent advances in 3D time-lapse imaging in Drosophila salivary glands at single-granule resolution. Using fluorescently labeled proteins expressed in the fly, it is now possible to image the dynamics of vesicle biogenesis and the cytoskeletal factors involved in secretion. 3D imaging over time allows one to visualize and define the temporal sequence of events, including clearance of cortical actin, fusion pore formation, mixing of the vesicular and plasma membranes and recruitment of components of the cytoskeleton. We will also discuss the genetic tools available in the fly that allow one to interrogate the essential factors involved in secretory vesicle formation, cargo secretion and the ultimate integration of the vesicular and plasma membranes. We argue that the combination of high-resolution real-time imaging and powerful genetics provides a platform to investigate the role of any factor in regulated secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Gay IC, Tran DT, Weltman R, Parthasarathy K, Diaz‐Rodriguez J, Walji M, Fu Y, Friedman L. Role of supportive maintenance therapy on implant survival: a university‐based 17 years retrospective analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 14:267-271. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IC Gay
- Department of Periodontics East Carolina University GreenvilleNCUSA
| | - DT Tran
- Department of Diagnostics and Biomedical Sciences School of Dentistry University of Texas Houston TX USA
| | - R Weltman
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene School of Dentistry University of Texas Houston TX USA
| | - K Parthasarathy
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene School of Dentistry University of Texas Houston TX USA
| | - J Diaz‐Rodriguez
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene School of Dentistry University of Texas Houston TX USA
| | - M Walji
- Department of Diagnostics and Biomedical Sciences School of Dentistry University of Texas Houston TX USA
| | - Y Fu
- Human Genetics Center Division of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Texas Houston TX USA
| | - L Friedman
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene School of Dentistry University of Texas Houston TX USA
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21
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Tran DT, Roberts CL, Jorm LR, Seeho S, Havard A. Change in smoking status during two consecutive pregnancies: a population-based cohort study. BJOG 2014; 121:1611-20. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DT Tran
- Centre for Health Research; University of Western Sydney; Penrith NSW Australia
| | - CL Roberts
- Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - LR Jorm
- Centre for Health Research; University of Western Sydney; Penrith NSW Australia
- The Sax Institute; Haymarket NSW Australia
| | - S Seeho
- Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - A Havard
- Centre for Health Research; University of Western Sydney; Penrith NSW Australia
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22
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Kosik RO, Tran DT, Fan APC, Mandell GA, Tarng DC, Hsu HS, Chen YS, Su TP, Wang SJ, Chiu AW, Lee CH, Hou MC, Lee FY, Chen WS, Chen Q. Physician Scientist Training in the United States: A Survey of the Current Literature. Eval Health Prof 2014; 39:3-20. [PMID: 24686746 DOI: 10.1177/0163278714527290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The declining number of physician scientists is an alarming issue. A systematic review of all existing programs described in the literature was performed, so as to highlight which programs may serve as the best models for the training of successful physician scientists. Multiple databases were searched, and 1,294 articles related to physician scientist training were identified. Preference was given to studies that looked at number of confirmed publications and/or research grants as primary outcomes. Thirteen programs were identified in nine studies. Eighty-three percent of Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) graduates, 77% of Clinician Investigator Training Program (CI) graduates, and only 16% of Medical Fellows Program graduates entered a career in academics. Seventy-eight percent of MSTP graduates succeeded in obtaining National Institute of Health (NIH) grants, while only 15% of Mayo Clinic National Research Service Award-T32 graduates obtained NIH grants. MSTP physician scientists who graduated in 1990 had 13.5 ± 12.5 publications, while MSTP physician scientists who graduated in 1975 had 51.2 ± 38.3 publications. Additionally, graduates from the Mayo Clinic's MD-PhD Program, the CI Program, and the NSRA Program had 18.2 ± 20.1, 26.5 ± 24.5, and 17.9 ± 26.3 publications, respectively. MSTP is a successful model for the training of physician scientists in the United States, but training at the postgraduate level also shows promising outcomes. An increase in the number of positions available for training at the postgraduate level should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Kosik
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - D T Tran
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital 2, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
| | | | - G A Mandell
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - D C Tarng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H S Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T P Su
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S J Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A W Chiu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M C Hou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F Y Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W S Chen
- Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Q Chen
- School of Medicine, Nanjin Medical University, Nanjin, China
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Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved protein modification present on membrane-bound and secreted proteins. Aberrations in O-glycosylation are responsible for certain human diseases and are associated with disease risk factors. Recent studies have demonstrated essential roles for mucin-type O-glycosylation in protein secretion, stability, processing, and function. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the diverse roles of mucin-type O-glycosylation during eukaryotic development. Appreciating how this conserved modification operates in developmental processes will provide insight into its roles in human disease and disease susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Tran
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370, USA
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Fan AP, Tran DT, Mandell GA, Su TP, Chiu AW, Kosik RO, Tsai TC, Morisky DE. The contribution of international medical students to Taiwanese medical school classes. Med Teach 2012; 35:78-79. [PMID: 22992023 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.716560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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25
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Tran DT, Lim JM, Liu M, Stalnaker SH, Wells L, Ten Hagen KG, Live D. Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan: O-mannosylation influences the subsequent addition of GalNAc by UDP-GalNAc polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20967-74. [PMID: 22549772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.370387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Linked glycosylation is a functionally and structurally diverse type of protein modification present in many tissues and across many species. α-Dystroglycan (α-DG), a protein linked to the extracellular matrix, whose glycosylation status is associated with human muscular dystrophies, displays two predominant types of O-glycosylation, O-linked mannose (O-Man) and O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc), in its highly conserved mucin-like domain. The O-Man is installed by an enzyme complex present in the endoplasmic reticulum. O-GalNAc modifications are initiated subsequently in the Golgi apparatus by the UDP-GalNAc polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzymes. How the presence and position of O-Man influences the action of the ppGalNAc-Ts on α-DG and the distribution of the two forms of glycosylation in this domain is not known. Here, we investigated the interplay between O-Man and the addition of O-GalNAc by examining the activity of the ppGalNAc-Ts on peptides and O-Man-containing glycopeptides mimicking those found in native α-DG. These synthetic glycopeptides emulate intermediate structures, not otherwise readily available from natural sources. Through enzymatic and mass spectrometric methods, we demonstrate that the presence and specific location of O-Man can impact either the regional exclusion or the site of O-GalNAc addition on α-DG, elucidating the factors contributing to the glycosylation patterns observed in vivo. These results provide evidence that one form of glycosylation can influence another form of glycosylation in α-DG and suggest that in the absence of proper O-mannosylation, as is associated with certain forms of muscular dystrophy, aberrant O-GalNAc modifications may occur and could play a role in disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Tran
- Developmental Glycobiology Unit, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Tran DT, Jones IP, Preece JA, Johnston RL, Deplanche K, Macaskie LE. Configuration of microbially synthesized Pd-Au nanoparticles studied by STEM-based techniques. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:055701. [PMID: 22236722 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/5/055701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Pd-Au particles synthesized using Desulfovibrio desulfuricans bacteria are characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with a high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector combined with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) silicon drift detector (SDD) elemental mapping and plasmon electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). When combined with EDX, theoretical considerations or EELS, the atomic-number contrast (Z-contrast) provided by HAADF-STEM is effective in characterizing the compositional configuration of the bimetallic nanoparticles. Homogeneous mixing and complex segregations have been found for different particles in this work. The EELS study has also found different behaviours corresponding to surface plasmon resonances in different regions of a single particle due to its heterogeneity and anisotropy. HAADF-STEM tomography has been performed to obtain three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Tran
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam is one of the most populous countries in Southeast Asia, yet it displays an unsettling lack of doctors. AIMS Medical education is an important factor contributing to this issue, yet little is known about the system currently in place in Vietnam. METHODS Through an extensive literary search of medical schools' and Ministry of Health's data, we have examined the current medical education system in Vietnam. RESULTS At present, there are 12 medical universities, and the general curriculum at each university follows a national framework but tends to vary from university to university. Medical training lasts either 4 or 6 years, with competitive graduates attending residency programs following graduation. While examinations are required to graduate, the lack of a national licensing exam makes it difficult to ensure that a nation-wide standard of quality exists, both at the medical universities themselves as well as amongst the doctors graduating from them. CONCLUSIONS The development and institution of a national exam would introduce a standard of training throughout Vietnam's medical education system. Further, a substantial portion of a doctor's education is in subjects that are loosely related to medicine. When looking forward it will be important to evaluate whether or not these non-medical subjects detract from the quality of medical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Fan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Tran DT, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tian E, Earl LA, Ten Hagen KG. Multiple members of the UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family are essential for viability in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5243-52. [PMID: 22157008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.306159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation represents a major form of post-translational modification that is conserved across most eukaryotic species. This type of glycosylation is initiated by a family of enzymes (GalNAc-Ts in mammals and PGANTs in Drosophila) whose members are expressed in distinct spatial and temporal patterns during development. Previous work from our group demonstrated that one member of this family is essential for viability and another member modulates extracellular matrix composition and integrin-mediated cell adhesion during development. To investigate whether other members of this family are essential, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) to each gene in vivo. Using this approach, we identified 4 additional pgant genes that are required for viability. Ubiquitous RNAi to pgant4, pgant5, pgant7, or the putative glycosyltransferase CG30463 resulted in lethality. Tissue-specific RNAi was also used to define the specific organ systems and tissues in which each essential family member is required. Interestingly, each essential pgant had a unique complement of tissues in which it was required. Additionally, certain tissues (mesoderm, digestive system, and tracheal system) required more than one pgant, suggesting unique functions for specific enzymes in these tissues. Expanding upon our RNAi results, we found that conventional mutations in pgant5 resulted in lethality and specific defects in specialized cells of the digestive tract, resulting in loss of proper digestive system acidification. In summary, our results highlight essential roles for O-glycosylation and specific members of the pgant family in many aspects of development and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Tran
- Developmental Glycobiology Unit, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370, USA
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Ludwig RA, Raleigh EA, Duncan MJ, Signer ER, Gibson AH, Dudman WF, Schwinghamer EA, Jordan DC, Schmidt EL, Tran DT. Further examination of presumptive Rhizobium trifolii mutants that nodulate Glycine max. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 76:3942-6. [PMID: 16592695 PMCID: PMC383952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two recent reports described the isolation of derivatives of a Rhizobium trifolii strain that had gained the ability to nodulate Glycine max and Vigna radiata and that had demonstrated altered patterns of carbon source utilization, free-living nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen uptake. More extensive characterization of these strains now supports the conclusion that these strains are R. japonicum and are not derived from the putative parent R. trifolii.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ludwig
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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31
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Zhang L, Tran DT, Ten Hagen KG. An O-glycosyltransferase promotes cell adhesion during development by influencing secretion of an extracellular matrix integrin ligand. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19491-501. [PMID: 20371600 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.098145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion and localization are crucial during eukaryotic development, establishing local cell environments as well as mediating cell interactions, signaling, and adhesion. In this study, we demonstrate that the glycosyltransferase, pgant3, specifically modulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion by influencing the secretion and localization of the integrin ligand, Tiggrin. We demonstrate that Tiggrin is normally O-glycosylated and localized to the basal matrix where the dorsal and ventral cell layers adhere in wild type Drosophila wings. In pgant3 mutants, Tiggrin is no longer O-glycosylated and fails to be properly secreted to this basal cell layer interface, resulting in disruption of integrin-mediated cell adhesion in the wing. pgant3-mediated effects are dependent on enzymatic activity, as mutations that form a stable protein yet abrogate O-glycosyltransferase activity result in Tiggrin accumulation within the dorsal and ventral cells comprising the wing. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence for the role of O-glycosylation in the secretion of specific extracellular matrix proteins, thus altering the composition of the cellular "microenvironment" and thereby modulating developmentally regulated cell adhesion events. As alterations in cell adhesion are a hallmark of cancer progression, this work provides insight into the long-standing association between aberrant O-glycosylation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Developmental Glycobiology Unit, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370, USA
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32
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Griffiths RD, Stone A, Tran DT, Fernandez RS, Ford K. Drink a little; take a few drugs: do nurses have knowledge to identify and manage in-patients at risk of drugs and alcohol? Drug Alcohol Rev 2009; 26:545-52. [PMID: 17701518 DOI: 10.1080/09595230701499167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The widespread use of alcohol and other drugs poses particular problems during hospitalisation. Although nurses have been identified as an appropriate group to screen patients and provide acute and ongoing management to people with drug and alcohol-related problems, rates of screening are low. The aims of this study were to identify current practices for screening by nurses working in medical and surgical wards, determine their knowledge relating to problems associated with substance use and identify their self-reported skills in managing patients with drug- and alcohol-related problems. DESIGN AND METHODS A chart audit of medical records was completed and a survey was distributed to nurses working in the study wards. RESULTS Screening for alcohol and drug use was documented on only 22/79 medical records, and detailed information about quantity and duration of use was recorded in only nine. Overall, the nurses reported that they had little knowledge about substance use problems, and felt that they lacked skills to care adequately for these patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest a need for a comprehensive training and education to ensure that nurses are familiar with policies and protocols for management of patients and to assist nurses to provide evidence-based care and make appropriate referrals to specialist services.
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Tran DT, Zhang X, Stolyar A, Lober WB. Patient-centered design for a personal health record system. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2005; 2005:1140. [PMID: 16779426 PMCID: PMC1560647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Our objective for this project was to design a user interface (UI) for a patient-centered personal health record system that models how patients view their health information. We assessed user needs, examined how patients label and categorize health information, and evaluated two user interfaces that we designed for the Patient-Centered Health Record (PcHR) system. Our design process focused on discovering useful content and ensuring that the UI was intuitive, easy to use, and helpful for users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Tran
- The Information School, University of Washington, USA
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35
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Ten Hagen KG, Tran DT, Gerken TA, Stein DS, Zhang Z. Functional characterization and expression analysis of members of the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family from Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:35039-48. [PMID: 12829714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303836200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the cloning and functional characterization of eight members of the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene family from Drosophila melanogaster (polypeptide GalNAc transferase = pgant1-8). Full-length cDNAs were isolated from a Drosophila embryonic library based on homology to known ppGaNTases. Alignments with characterized mammalian isoforms revealed strong sequence similarities between certain fly and mammalian isoforms, highlighting putative orthologues between the species. In vitro activity assays demonstrated biochemical transferase activity for each gene, with three isoforms requiring glycosylated substrates. Comparison of the activities of Drosophila and mammalian orthologues revealed conservation of substrate preferences against a panel of peptide and glycopeptide substrates. Furthermore, Edman degradation analysis demonstrated that preferred sites of GalNac addition were also conserved between certain fly and mammalian orthologues. Semi-quantitative PCR amplification of Drosophila cDNA revealed expression of most isoforms at each developmental stage, with some isoforms being less abundant at certain stages relative to others. In situ hybridization to Drosophila embryos revealed specific staining of pgant5 and pgant6 in the salivary glands and pgant5 in the developing hindgut. Additionally, pgant5 and pgant6 expression within the egg chamber was restricted to the follicle cells, cells known to be involved in egg formation and subsequent embryonic patterning. The characterization reported here provides additional insight into the use of this model system to dissect the biological role of this enzyme family in vivo during both fly and mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Section of Biological Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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36
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Green LM, Tran DT, Murray DK, Rightnar SS, Todd S, Nelson GA. Response of thyroid follicular cells to gamma irradiation compared to proton irradiation: II. The role of connexin 32. Radiat Res 2002; 158:475-85. [PMID: 12236815 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0475:rotfct]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether connexin 32-type gap junctions contribute to the "contact effect" in follicular thyrocytes and whether the response is influenced by radiation quality. Our previous studies demonstrated that early-passage follicular cultures of Fischer rat thyroid cells express functional connexin 32 gap junctions, with later-passage cultures expressing a truncated nonfunctional form of the protein. This model allowed us to assess the role of connexin 32 in radiation responsiveness without relying solely on chemical manipulation of gap junctions. The survival curves generated after gamma irradiation revealed that early-passage follicular cultures had significantly lower values of alpha (0.04 Gy(-1)) than later-passage cultures (0.11 Gy(-1)) (P < 0.0001, n = 12). As an additional way to determine whether connexin 32 was contributing to the difference in survival, cultures were treated with heptanol, resulting in higher alpha values, with early-passage cultures (0.10 Gy(-1)) nearly equivalent to untreated late-passage cultures (0.11 Gy(-1)) (P > 0.1, n = 9). This strongly suggests that the presence of functional connexin 32-type gap junctions was contributing to radiation resistance in gamma-irradiated thyroid follicles. Survival curves from proton-irradiated cultures had alpha values that were not significantly different whether cells expressed functional connexin 32 (0.10 Gy(-1)), did not express connexin 32 (0.09 Gy(-1)), or were down-regulated (early-passage plus heptanol, 0.09 Gy(-1); late-passage plus heptanol, 0.12 Gy(-1)) (P > 0.1, n = 19). Thus, for proton irradiation, the presence of connexin 32-type gap junctional channels did not influence their radiosensitivity. Collectively, the data support the following conclusions. (1) The lower alpha values from the gamma-ray survival curves of the early-passage cultures suggest greater repair efficiency and/or enhanced resistance to radiation-induced damage, coincident with the expression of connexin 32-type gap junctions. (2) The increased sensitivity of FRTL-5 cells to proton irradiation was independent of their ability to communicate through connexin 32 gap junctions. (3) The fact that the beta components of the survival curves from both gamma rays and proton beams were similar (average 0.022 +/- 0.008 Gy(-2), P > 0.1, n = 39) suggests that at higher doses the loss of viability occurs at a relatively constant rate and is independent of radiation quality and the presence of functional gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Green
- Radiobiology Program, Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, California 92354, USA.
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37
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Abstract
We report the first demonstration that the activity of a member of the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene family is necessary for viability in Drosophila melanogaster. Expression of the wild-type recombinant pgant35A gene in COS7 cells resulted in in vitro activity against peptide and glycopeptide substrates, demonstrating that this gene encodes a biochemically active transferase. Previous mutagenesis studies identified recessive lethal mutations that were rescued by a genomic fragment containing the pgant35A gene; however, the presence of additional open reading frames within this fragment left open the possibility that another gene was responsible for rescue of the observed lethality. Here, we have determined the molecular nature of the mutations in three independent mutant alleles. Two of the mutant alleles contain premature stop codons within the coding region of pgant35A. The third mutant contains an arginine to tryptophan amino acid change, which, when expressed in COS7 cells, resulted in a dramatic reduction of transferase activity in vitro. PCR amplification of this gene from Drosophila cDNA panels and Northern analysis revealed that it is expressed throughout embryonic, larval, and pupal stages as well as in adult males and females. This study provides the first direct evidence for the involvement of a member of this conserved multigene family in eukaryotic development and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Section of Biological Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Green LM, Murray DK, Tran DT, Nelson GA, Shah MM, Luben RA. A spontaneously arising mutation in connexin32 with repeated passage of FRTL-5 cells coincides with increased growth rate and reduced thyroxine release. J Mol Endocrinol 2001; 27:145-63. [PMID: 11564600 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0270145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examine changes in the cellular properties of FRTL-5 cells as a function of passage number, with particular emphasis on gap junction expression, karyotype, morphology, growth rate and thyroxine (T(4)) release. Early passage FRTL-5 follicular cells transfer dye through gap junctions from injected cell(s) to third-order neighboring cells and beyond within their respective follicles and have immuno-detectable connexin32 (Cx32) type gap junctional plaques in their lateral contacting plasma membranes. By contrast, FRTL-5 cells established as monolayers, or as follicles from cultures passed more than 15 times, did not transfer microinjected Lucifer Yellow dye to contiguous neighboring cells and did not express any immuno-detectable rat thyroid specific connexins (Cx43, Cx32 or Cx26). Western blots confirmed that total, membrane and cytosolic Cx32 protein was present only in early pass follicular cultures. To better understand the passage-dependent loss of Cx32 expression, RT-PCR primers were made to the most unique sequences of the rat Cx32 molecule, the cytoplasmic and carboxyl-terminal regions. These primers were used to screen FRTL-5 RNA from cultures of various passage numbers. The results revealed that later passage cultures had a single base deletion in the middle of the Cx32 cytoplasmic loop region at nucleotide position 378. This base deletion was in the middle position of the codon for amino acid 116, which is normally a CAC (histidine) but read with the frame shift was a CCC (proline). The four amino acids that followed this deletion were also altered with the fourth one becoming UAA, the ochre translation stop codon. This premature stopping of translation resulted in a truncation of 60% of the protein, which included the remaining cytoplasmic loop, third and fourth transmembrane regions and the carboxyl-terminus. The later passage cultures did not produce a carboxyl-terminal RT-PCR product, indicating that the mRNA was also truncated. These regions of the Cx32 molecule contain the sequences and epitopes to which probes and antibodies are directed, and as such alterations of these regions with repeated passage explains reports by others that FRTL-5 cells do not express Cx32, and implies that cultures used for these assessments were passed more than 15 times. To determine if genetic or epigenetic abnormalities existed in FRTL-5 cells we performed chromosome spreads from various passage cultures. FRTL-5 cells have been reported to be diploid and more recently non-diploid; however, we found them to be fully tetraploid. This tetraploidy appears to be unstable in that later passes are tetraploid plus two or three extra chromosomes. There were no obvious translocations, breaks or large-scale interstitial deletions of any chromosomes in the FRTL-5 cultures tested. As FRTL-5 cells were repeatedly passed their morphology changed. Monolayer areas spread from beneath the follicles, and the follicles became flattened in appearance. These physical changes were coincident with dramatically increased growth rates. Early cultures (passed 3-12 times) divided on average every 49+/-1 h, whereas later passes (passes 20-25) divided every 28+/-3 h. To correlate these changes with a measure of thyroid function we assayed T(4) output. Early passage follicular cultures incubated for 6 h with sodium iodide, released on average 5.27+/- 0.33 ng/ml of T(4)/100 follicles. Later passes, or early passes treated with heptanol to down-regulate Cx32, released an average of 3.84+/-0.50 ng/ml of T(4)/100 follicles. There was a 27% difference in T(4) release between early follicular cultures, that were coupled by Cx32, and late or down-regulated early follicular cultures, that were uncoupled (P<0.0001). Collectively, the physical changes documented in this study were coincident with the loss of functional Cx32. This implies a relationship between the loss of intercellular communication and changes in morphogenic appearance, growth rate and reduced thyroid function and supports the previously postulated, tumor-suppressor role for Cx32. FRTL-5 cultures from low passage numbers are an excellent model of primary thyroid cells. However, many reports in the literature ascribe features to FRTL-5 cells that are mutually inconsistent. These differences may be resolved in the future by addressing the passage number and the conditional differences of the cultures being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Green
- Radiobiology Program, Department of Radiation Medicine, Chan Shun Pavilion, Room A-101, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA.
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Green LM, Murray DK, Bant AM, Kazarians G, Moyers MF, Nelson GA, Tran DT. Response of thyroid follicular cells to gamma irradiation compared to proton irradiation. I. Initial characterization of DNA damage, micronucleus formation, apoptosis, cell survival, and cell cycle phase redistribution. Radiat Res 2001; 155:32-42. [PMID: 11121213 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0032:rotfct]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The RBE of protons has been assumed to be equivalent to that of photons. The objective of this study was to determine whether radiation-induced DNA and chromosome damage, apoptosis, cell killing and cell cycling in organized epithelial cells was influenced by radiation quality. Thyroid-stimulating hormone-dependent Fischer rat thyroid cells, established as follicles, were exposed to gamma rays or proton beams delivered acutely over a range of physical doses. Gamma-irradiated cells were able to repair DNA damage relatively rapidly so that by 1 h postirradiation they had approximately 20% fewer exposed 3' ends than their counterparts that had been irradiated with proton beams. The persistence of free ends of DNA in the samples irradiated with the proton beam implies that either more initial breaks or a quantitatively different type of damage had occurred. These results were further supported by an increased frequency of chromosomal damage as measured by the presence of micronuclei. Proton-beam irradiation induced micronuclei at a rate of 2.4% per gray, which at 12 Gy translated to 40% more micronuclei than in comparable gamma-irradiated cultures. The higher rate of micronucleus formation and the presence of larger micronuclei in proton-irradiated cells was further evidence that a qualitatively more severe class of damage had been induced than was induced by gamma rays. Differences in the type of damage produced were detected in the apoptosis assay, wherein a significant lag in the induction of apoptosis occurred after gamma irradiation that did not occur with protons. The more immediate expression of apoptotic cells in the cultures irradiated with the proton beam suggests that the damage inflicted was more severe. Alternatively, the cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms required for recovery from such damage might not have been invoked. Differences based on radiation quality were also evident in the alpha components of cell survival curves (0.05 Gy(-1) for gamma rays, 0.12 Gy(-1) for protons), which suggests that the higher level of survival of gamma-irradiated cells could be attributed to the persistence of nonlethally irradiated thyrocytes and/or the capacity to repair damage more effectively than cells exposed to equal physical doses of protons. The final assessment in this study was radiation-induced cell cycle phase redistribution. Gamma rays and protons produced a similar dose-dependent redistribution toward a predominantly G(2)-phase population. From our cumulative results, it seems likely that a majority of the proton-irradiated cells would not continue to divide. In conclusion, these findings suggest that there are quantitative and qualitative differences in the biological effects of proton beams and gamma rays. These differences could be due to structured energy deposition from the tracks of primary protons and the associated high-LET secondary particles produced in the targets. The results suggest that a simple dose-equivalent approach to dosimetry may be inadequate to compare the biological responses of cells to photons and protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Green
- Radiobiology Program-Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University, Chan Shun Pavilion Room A1010, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA
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Gururaja TL, Levine JH, Tran DT, Naganagowda GA, Ramalingam K, Ramasubbu N, Levine MJ. Candidacidal activity prompted by N-terminus histatin-like domain of human salivary mucin (MUC7)1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1431:107-19. [PMID: 10209284 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Histidine-rich peptides (histatins, Hsn) in saliva are thought to provide a non-immune defense against Candida albicans. Sequence homology search of the human salivary mucin, MUC7, against histatins revealed a domain at the N-terminus (R3-Q17) having 53% identity to Hsn-5. To determine its candidacidal activity, this 15 residue basic histidine-rich domain of MUC7 (I) was prepared by solid-phase Fmoc chemistry. Various N- and C-terminal protected derivatives of I were also synthesized to correlate the effect of peptide overall charge in exhibiting cidal potency. Candidacidal activity measurement of I and its variants showed considerable ED50 values (effective dosage required to kill 50% of candida cells), albeit greater than Hsn-5 (ED50 approximately 4-6 microM). Of the various analogs tested, N-terminal free acid (I, ED50 approximately 40 microM) and amide (V, ED50 approximately 16 microM) exhibited appreciable candidacidal activities suggesting the possible role of peptide net charge in cidal action. Blocking of N-terminus with a bulky octanoyl group showed only marginal effect on the cidal activity of I or V, indicating that hydrophobicity of these synthetic constructs may not be important for exerting such activities. Membrane-induced conformational transition from random coil to helical structures of all the test peptides implied their tendency to adapt order structures at the lipid-membrane interface similar to that of Hsn-5. However, comparison of propensity for helical structure formation vs. ED50 indicated that cidal potency of MUC7 Hsn-like peptides depends largely on electrostatic interactions irrespective of secondary structural elements. Delineation of solution structure of the most active peptide (V) by 2D-NMR revealed essentially a non-structured conformation in aqueous medium, which further supported the fact that the peptide helical structure may not be a prerequisite for posing candidacidal activity. The formation of smaller truncated peptides and/or Hsn-like fragments on proteolytic degradation of intact MUC7 in the presence of oral flora provided indirect evidence that mucin could serve as a backup candidacidal agent to salivary Hsn.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Gururaja
- Department of Oral Biology and Dental Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, 109 Foster Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Abstract
A subinfective dose of Staphylococcus aureus (6 X 10(6)) does not produce wound infection in the rat model. Reducing the dosage (concentration) of epinephrine results in decreased numbers of viable bacteria in tissue and a lower incidence of wound infection in this model.
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