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Lavely E, Iavorivska L, Uyi O, Eissenstat DM, Walsh B, Primka EJ, Harper J, Hoover K. Impacts of short-term feeding by spotted lanternfly ( Lycorma delicatula) on ecophysiology of young hardwood trees in a common garden. Front Insect Sci 2022; 2:1080124. [PMID: 38468764 PMCID: PMC10926534 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.1080124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Spotted lanternfly (SLF; Lycorma delicatula White; Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) invaded the US from Asia and was first detected in 2014; currently, populations have established in 14 states primarily in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic. It feeds voraciously on phloem sap from a broad range of host plants, with a preference for tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima [Sapindales: Simaroubaceae]), grapevines (Vitis spp. [Vitales: Vitaceae]), and several common hardwood tree species. We evaluated the impacts of fourth instars and adults confined to a single branch or whole trees on gas exchange attributes (carbon assimilation [photosynthetic rate], transpiration and stomatal conductance), selected nutrients, and diameter growth using young saplings of four host tree species planted in a common garden. In general, the effects of adults on trees were greater than nymphs, although there was variation depending on tree species, pest density, and time post-infestation. Nymphs on a single branch of red maple (Acer rubrum [Sapindales: Sapindaceae]), or silver maple (Acer saccharinum [Sapindales: Sapindaceae]) at three densities (0, 15, or 30) had no significant effects on gas exchange. In contrast, 40 adults confined to a single branch of red or silver maple rapidly suppressed gas exchange and reduced nitrogen concentration in leaves; soluble sugars in branch wood were reduced in the fall for silver maple and in the following spring for red maple. Fourth instars confined to whole silver maple trees reduced soluble sugars in leaves and branch wood, and reduced tree diameter growth by >50% during the next growing season. In contrast, fourth instars in whole tree enclosures had no effects on black walnut (Juglans nigra [Fagales: Juglandaceae]). SLF enclosed on tree of heaven at 80 adults per tree suppressed gas exchange after two weeks of feeding, but did not alter non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen concentrations, or tree growth. Results suggest that moderate to heavy feeding by SLF on young maple saplings may impair tree growth, which could have implications for production nurseries and forest managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lavely
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Oceana County Extension Office, Michigan State University, Hart, MI, United States
| | - Lidiia Iavorivska
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Osariyekemwen Uyi
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - David M. Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Brian Walsh
- Penn State Extension, Pennsylvania State University, Leesport, PA, United States
| | - Edward J. Primka
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, University of Oklahoma, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jeremy Harper
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Kopp M, Kaye J, Smeglin YH, Adams T, Primka EJ, Bradley B, Shi Y, Eissenstat D. Topography Mediates the Response of Soil CO2 Efflux to Precipitation Over Days, Seasons, and Years. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Primka EJ, Adams TS, Buck A, Eissenstat DM. Topographical shifts in fine root lifespan in a mixed, mesic temperate forest. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254672. [PMID: 34260660 PMCID: PMC8279377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root lifespan, often is estimated in landscape- and ecosystem-level carbon models using linear approximations. In water manipulation experiments, fine root lifespan can vary with soil water content. Soil water content is generally structured by complex topography, which is largely unaccounted for in landscape- and ecosystem-scale carbon models. Topography governs the range of soil water content experienced by roots which may impact their lifespan. We hypothesized that root lifespan varied nonlinearly across a temperate, mesic, forested catchment due to differences in soil water content associated with topographic position. We expected regions of the landscape that were too wet or too dry would have soils that were not optimal for roots and thus result in shorter root lifespans. Specifically, we hypothesized that root lifespan would be longest in areas that consistently had soil water content in the middle of the soil water content spectrum, while in soils at either very low or very high soil water content, root lifespan would be relatively short. We tested this hypothesis by collecting and analyzing two years of minirhizotron and soil moisture data in plots widely distributed in the Shale Hills catchment of the Susquehanna-Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in Pennsylvania. We found that fine root lifespans were longer in traditionally wetter topographic regions, but detected no short term (biweekly) effect of soil moisture on root lifespan. Additionally, depth in soil, soil series, slope face orientation, and season of birth strongly affected root lifespans across the catchment. In contrast, lifespan was unaffected by root diameter or mycorrhizal association. Failure to account for these variables could result in erroneous estimates of fine root lifespan and, consequentially, carbon flux in temperate forested regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Primka
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Buck
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David M. Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Primka EJ, Smith WK. Synchrony in fall leaf drop: chlorophyll degradation, color change, and abscission layer formation in three temperate deciduous tree species. Am J Bot 2019; 106:377-388. [PMID: 30883683 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Deciduous tree species remove some nutrients from their leaves during fall leaf senescence through retranslocation. Retranslocation impacts the timeline of leaf fall, amount of active chlorophyll, and overall leaf nitrogen content as fall color change occurs. Our objective was to identify interspecific differences in the timing of abscission layer formation, leaf color change, and the level of chlorophyll degradation of young trees during fall senescence. METHODS Leaf relative chlorophyll content for three tree species was measured during fall 2015 by a greenness meter. These measurements were calibrated for each species through spectrophotometric determination of leaf chlorophyll concentration. Abscission layer formation was tracked using light microscopy of sampled leaves. Excised leaves were photographed on a flat white surface to track species leaf color through time. KEY RESULTS All three species had different chlorophyll declination rates throughout the fall season. The maple species started with less chlorophyll and began abscission layer formation earlier. The other two species had a similar starting chlorophyll level and onset timing of abscission layer formation. Visible leaf color change was not associated with a threshold in either chlorophyll degradation or abscission layer formation across species. CONCLUSIONS Maple species degraded less chlorophyll on average, in the fall, than did the oak and beech species. The rate of chlorophyll degradation in coordination with abscission layer formation varied by species. Color change was not a good predictor of level of chlorophyll degradation in leaves across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Primka
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16803, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16803, USA
| | - William K Smith
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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Harris BD, Primka EJ, Hollandsworth KJ, Bergfeld WF. Pigmented purpuric dermatosis in a young male. Cutis 1999; 63:112-3. [PMID: 10071745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) are a group of disorders that most often occur on the lower extremities of middle-aged adults as asymptomatic, yellow-orange patches with petechiae. The PPD represent a benign, often chronic, capillaritis of unknown cause. We present a case of PPD on the abdomen of a young male and emphasize careful observation in such a patient to reveal possible progression to purpuric mycosis fungoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Harris
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Dermatology, Ohio 44195, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Primka
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Westlake, Ohio, USA
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Primka EJ, Mark J, Bergfeld WF. Stump the experts. Cellular dermatofibroma. Dermatol Surg 1997; 23:711-3. [PMID: 9256921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Primka
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Abstract
We describe a fatal case of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) toxicity in a patient with psoriasis, emphasizing the factors that exacerbate MTX toxicity and presenting rescue techniques. The patient had a toxic epidermal necrolysis-like condition. MTX cutaneous reactions ranging from toxic epidermal necrolysis to specific ulcerations have been described. The use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor for leukopenia associated with MTX toxicity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Primka
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Dermatology, OH, USA
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Primka EJ, Taylor JS. Three cases of contact allergy after chemical burns from methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone: one with concomitant allergy to methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol. Am J Contact Dermat 1997; 8:43-46. [PMID: 9066849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is known to be a contact sensitizer. It is used extensively in cosmetic products in low concentrations. Occupational exposure usually occurs with concentrated solutions and results in a different reaction pattern. RESULTS Three workers developed chemical burns and subsequent sensitization after exposure to concentrated solutions of MCI/MI. One patient was also occupationally sensitized to methyldibromoglutaronitrile/phenoxyethanol. CONCLUSION Exposure to concentrated solutions of some allergens can be severely irritating in the occupational setting and can probably induce sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Primka
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Dermatology, OH, USA
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Primka EJ, Taylor JS. Three Cases of Contact Allergy After Chemical Burns From Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone: One With Concomitant Allergy to Methyldibromoglutaronitrile/Phenoxyethanol. Dermatitis 1997. [DOI: 10.1097/01206501-199703000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Primka EJ, Tomecki KJ. Discussion of questions 22–34. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(95)90116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Primka
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44106
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Primka EJ, King C, O'Keefe EJ. Malignant melanoma of unknown origin presenting as a systemic vasculitis. Arch Dermatol 1993; 129:1205-7. [PMID: 8363413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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