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Xu J, Zhou T, McKee K, Zhang B, Liu C, Nazzari AF, Pegu A, Shen CH, Becker JE, Bender MF, Chan P, Changela A, Chaudhary R, Chen X, Einav T, Kwon YD, Lin BC, Louder MK, Merriam JS, Morano NC, O'Dell S, Olia AS, Rawi R, Roark RS, Stephens T, Teng IT, Tourtellott-Fogt E, Wang S, Yang ES, Shapiro L, Tsybovsky Y, Doria-Rose NA, Casellas R, Kwong PD. Ultrapotent Broadly Neutralizing Human-llama Bispecific Antibodies against HIV-1. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2309268. [PMID: 38704686 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies are proposed as therapeutic and prophylactic agents against HIV-1, but their potency and breadth are less than optimal. This study describes the immunization of a llama with the prefusion-stabilized HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer, BG505 DS-SOSIP, and the identification and improvement of potent neutralizing nanobodies recognizing the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) of vulnerability. Two of the vaccine-elicited CD4bs-targeting nanobodies, G36 and R27, when engineered into a triple tandem format with llama IgG2a-hinge region and human IgG1-constant region (G36×3-IgG2a and R27×3-IgG2a), neutralized 96% of a multiclade 208-strain panel at geometric mean IC80s of 0.314 and 0.033 µg mL-1, respectively. Cryo-EM structures of these nanobodies in complex with Env trimer revealed the two nanobodies to neutralize HIV-1 by mimicking the recognition of the CD4 receptor. To enhance their neutralizing potency and breadth, nanobodies are linked to the light chain of the V2-apex-targeting broadly neutralizing antibody, CAP256V2LS. The resultant human-llama bispecific antibody CAP256L-R27×3LS exhibited ultrapotent neutralization and breadth exceeding other published HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, with pharmacokinetics determined in FcRn-Fc mice similar to the parent CAP256V2LS. Vaccine-elicited llama nanobodies, when combined with V2-apex broadly neutralizing antibodies, may therefore be able to fulfill anti-HIV-1 therapeutic and prophylactic clinical goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra F Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jordan E Becker
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael F Bender
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Payton Chan
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ridhi Chaudhary
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tal Einav
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonah S Merriam
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas C Morano
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ryan S Roark
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily Tourtellott-Fogt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Casellas
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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King HAD, Dussupt V, Mendez-Rivera L, Slike BM, Tran U, Jackson ND, Barkei E, Zemil M, Tourtellott-Fogt E, Kuklis CH, Soman S, Ahmed A, Porto M, Kitajewski C, Spence B, Benetiene D, Wieczorek L, Kar S, Gromowski G, Polonis VR, Krebs SJ, Modjarrad K, Bolton DL. Convalescent human IgG, but not IgM, from COVID-19 survivors confers dose-dependent protection against SARS-CoV-2 replication and disease in hamsters. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138629. [PMID: 37026013 PMCID: PMC10070741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibody therapeutic strategies have served an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, even as their effectiveness has waned with the emergence of escape variants. Here we sought to determine the concentration of convalescent immunoglobulin required to protect against disease from SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian golden hamster model. Methods Total IgG and IgM were isolated from plasma of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors. Dose titrations of IgG and IgM were infused into hamsters 1 day prior to challenge with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1. Results The IgM preparation was found to have ~25-fold greater neutralization potency than IgG. IgG infusion protected hamsters from disease in a dose-dependent manner, with detectable serum neutralizing titers correlating with protection. Despite a higher in vitro neutralizing potency, IgM failed to protect against disease when transferred into hamsters. Discussion This study adds to the growing body of literature that demonstrates neutralizing IgG antibodies are important for protection from SARS-CoV-2 disease, and confirms that polyclonal IgG in sera can be an effective preventative strategy if the neutralizing titers are sufficiently high. In the context of new variants, against which existing vaccines or monoclonal antibodies have reduced efficacy, sera from individuals who have recovered from infection with the emerging variant may potentially remain an efficacious tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. D. King
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bonnie M. Slike
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ursula Tran
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nathan D. Jackson
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erica Barkei
- Veterinary Pathology Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Zemil
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily Tourtellott-Fogt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- Viral Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Victoria R. Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kayvon Modjarrad, ; Diane L. Bolton,
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kayvon Modjarrad, ; Diane L. Bolton,
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