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Ayyıldız N, Beyer F, Üstün S, Kale EH, Mançe Çalışır Ö, Uran P, Öner Ö, Olkun S, Anwander A, Witte AV, Villringer A, Çiçek M. Changes in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation in the left brain are associated with developmental dyscalculia. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1147352. [PMID: 37868699 PMCID: PMC10586317 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1147352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyscalculia is a neurodevelopmental disorder specific to arithmetic learning even with normal intelligence and age-appropriate education. Difficulties often persist from childhood through adulthood lowering the individual's quality of life. However, the neural correlates of developmental dyscalculia are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify brain structural connectivity alterations in developmental dyscalculia. All participants were recruited from a large scale, non-referred population sample in a longitudinal design. We studied 10 children with developmental dyscalculia (11.3 ± 0.7 years) and 16 typically developing peers (11.2 ± 0.6 years) using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed white matter microstructure with tract-based spatial statistics in regions-of-interest tracts that had previously been related to math ability in children. Then we used global probabilistic tractography for the first time to measure and compare tract length between developmental dyscalculia and typically developing groups. The high angular resolution diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and crossing-fiber probabilistic tractography allowed us to evaluate the length of the pathways compared to previous studies. The major findings of our study were reduced white matter coherence and shorter tract length of the left superior longitudinal/arcuate fasciculus and left anterior thalamic radiation in the developmental dyscalculia group. Furthermore, the lower white matter coherence and shorter pathways tended to be associated with the lower math performance. These results from the regional analyses indicate that learning, memory and language-related pathways in the left hemisphere might be related to developmental dyscalculia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazife Ayyıldız
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute and Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Subproject A1, CRC 1052 “Obesity Mechanisms”, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute and Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Emre H. Kale
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute and Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Öykü Mançe Çalışır
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute and Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Program of Counseling and Guidance, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Uran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Öner
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Olkun
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Alfred Anwander
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité and Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute and Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Türkiye
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2
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Altınok S, Vatansever G, Apaydın N, Üstün S, Kale EH, Çelikağ İ, Devrimci-Özgüven H, Baskak B, Çiçek M. Reward Processing Alters the Time Perception Networks in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Timing Time Percept 2023. [DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Behavioral studies revealed that time perception is affected by the presence of a reward. Both the experience of time and the reward processing were shown to be distorted in major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate how neural correlates of time perception and reward anticipation interact in patients with MDD. Participants (17 healthy, seven MDD) performed a time perception task during fMRI scanning that requires estimating the speed of a moving rectangle which was briefly occluded. In the control condition, participants attended to the change in color tone of the rectangle. Half of the runs were rewarded with a monetary payment per correctly done trial to evaluate the effect of a reward. The fMRI data were acquired with a 3T scanner and analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPM12. The activations related to the integration of time with reward were different between both groups in the supplementary motor area, intraparietal sulcus, thalamus, frontal eye field and caudate nucleus. Increased coupling between supplementary motor area and caudate/putamen region during timing was found in MDD patients more than in controls. Overall, our findings suggest that functional differences related to the interaction of time perception with reward anticipation in MDD occur via dysfunction of the cortico-striatal-thalamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Altınok
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
| | - Gözde Vatansever
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
| | - Nihal Apaydın
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
| | - Emre H. Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
| | - İpek Çelikağ
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
| | - Halise Devrimci-Özgüven
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590 Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590 Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
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3
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Üstün S, Ayyıldız N, Kale EH, Mançe Çalışır Ö, Uran P, Öner Ö, Olkun S, Çiçek M. Children With Dyscalculia Show Hippocampal Hyperactivity During Symbolic Number Perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:687476. [PMID: 34354576 PMCID: PMC8330842 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.687476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyscalculia is a learning disability affecting the acquisition of arithmetical skills in children with normal intelligence and age-appropriate education. Two hypotheses attempt to explain the main cause of dyscalculia. The first hypothesis suggests that a problem with the core mechanisms of perceiving (non-symbolic) quantities is the cause of dyscalculia (core deficit hypothesis), while the alternative hypothesis suggests that dyscalculics have problems only with the processing of numerical symbols (access deficit hypothesis). In the present study, the symbolic and non-symbolic numerosity processing of typically developing children and children with dyscalculia were examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Control (n = 15, mean age: 11.26) and dyscalculia (n = 12, mean age: 11.25) groups were determined using a wide-scale screening process. Participants performed a quantity comparison paradigm in the fMRI with two number conditions (dot and symbol comparison) and two difficulty levels (0.5 and 0.7 ratio). The results showed that the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left fusiform gyrus (so-called “number form area”) were activated for number perception as well as bilateral occipital and supplementary motor areas. The task difficulty engaged bilateral insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, IPS, and DLPFC activation. The dyscalculia group showed more activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex, left medial prefrontal cortex, and right anterior cingulate cortex than the control group. The dyscalculia group showed left hippocampus activation specifically for the symbolic condition. Increased left hippocampal and left-lateralized frontal network activation suggest increased executive and memory-based compensation mechanisms during symbolic processing for dyscalculics. Overall, our findings support the access deficit hypothesis as a neural basis for dyscalculia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ayyıldız
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Öykü Mançe Çalışır
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Program of Counseling and Guidance, Department of Educational Sciences, Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Uran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Öner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Olkun
- Department of Mathematics Education, Final International University, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kale EH, Üstün S, Çiçek M. Amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity increased during face discrimination but not time perception. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3873-3888. [PMID: 31376287 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Time sensitivity is affected by emotional stimuli such as fearful faces. The effect of threatening stimuli on time perception depends on numerous factors, including task type and duration range. We applied a two-interval forced-choice task using face stimuli to healthy volunteers to evaluate time perception and emotion interaction using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We conducted finite impulse response analysis to examine time series for the significantly activated brain areas and psycho-physical interaction to investigate the connectivity between selected regions. Time perception engaged a right-lateralised frontoparietal network, while a face discrimination task activated the amygdala and fusiform face area (FFA). No voxels were active with regard to the effect of expression (fearful versus neutral). In parallel with this, our behavioural results showed that attending to the fearful faces did not cause duration overestimation. Finally, connectivity of the amygdala and FFA to the middle frontal gyrus increased during the face processing condition compared to the timing task. Overall, our results suggest that the prefrontal-amygdala connectivity might be required for the emotional processing of facial stimuli. On the other hand, attentional load, task type and task difficulty are discussed as possible factors that influence the effects of emotion on time perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Centre, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Brain Research Centre, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Türközer HB, Hasoğlu T, Chen Y, Norris LA, Brown M, Delaney-Busch N, Kale EH, Pamir Z, Boyacı H, Kuperberg G, Lewandowski KE, Topçuoğlu V, Öngür D. Integrated assessment of visual perception abnormalities in psychotic disorders and relationship with clinical characteristics. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1740-1748. [PMID: 30178729 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The visual system is recognized as an important site of pathology and dysfunction in schizophrenia. In this study, we evaluated different visual perceptual functions in patients with psychotic disorders using a potentially clinically applicable task battery and assessed their relationship with symptom severity in patients, and with schizotypal features in healthy participants. METHODS Five different areas of visual functioning were evaluated in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (n = 28) and healthy control subjects (n = 31) using a battery that included visuospatial working memory (VSWM), velocity discrimination (VD), contour integration, visual context processing, and backward masking tasks. RESULTS The patient group demonstrated significantly lower performance in VD, contour integration, and VSWM tasks. Performance did not differ between the two groups on the visual context processing task and did not differ across levels of interstimulus intervals in the backward masking task. Performances on VSWM, VD, and contour integration tasks were correlated with negative symptom severity but not with other symptom dimensions in the patient group. VSWM and VD performances were also correlated with negative sychizotypal features in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrate significant abnormalities in multiple visual processing tasks in patients with psychotic disorders, adding to the literature implicating visual abnormalities in these conditions. Furthermore, our results show that visual processing impairments are associated with the negative symptom dimension in patients as well as healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuna Hasoğlu
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
| | - Yue Chen
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
| | | | - Meredith Brown
- Department of Psychology,Tufts University,Medford, MA,USA
| | | | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Zahide Pamir
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Boyacı
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Gina Kuperberg
- Department of Psychology,Tufts University,Medford, MA,USA
| | | | - Volkan Topçuoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry,Marmara University School of Medicine,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
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6
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Apaydın N, Üstün S, Kale EH, Çelikağ İ, Özgüven HD, Baskak B, Çiçek M. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Time Perception and Reward Anticipation. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:115. [PMID: 29662447 PMCID: PMC5890198 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings suggest that the physiological mechanisms involved in the reward anticipation and time perception partially overlap. But the systematic investigation of a potential interaction between time and reward systems using neuroimaging is lacking. Eighteen healthy volunteers (all right-handed) participated in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment that employs a visual paradigm that consists monetary reward to assess whether the functional neural representations of time perception and reward prospection are shared or distinct. Subjects performed a time perception task in which observers had to extrapolate the velocity of an occluded moving object in “reward” vs. “no-reward” sessions during fMRI scanning. There were also “control condition” trials in which participants judged about the color tone change of the stimuli. Time perception showed a fronto-parietal (more extensive in the right) cingulate and peristriate cortical as well as cerebellar activity. On the other hand, reward anticipation activated anterior insular cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, thalamus, cerebellum, postcentral gyrus, and peristriate cortex. Interaction between the time perception and the reward prospect showed dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal and caudate nucleus activity. Our findings suggest that a prefrontal-striatal circuit might integrate reward and timing systems of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Apaydın
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Çelikağ
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halise D Özgüven
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Time is an important concept which determines most human behaviors, however questions remain about how time is perceived and which areas of the brain are responsible for time perception. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between time perception and working memory in healthy adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used during the application of a visual paradigm. In all of the conditions, the participants were presented with a moving black rectangle on a gray screen. The rectangle was obstructed by a black bar for a time period and then reappeared again. During different conditions, participants (n = 15, eight male) responded according to the instructions they were given, including details about time and the working memory or dual task requirements. The results showed activations in right dorsolateral prefrontal and right intraparietal cortical networks, together with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), anterior insula and basal ganglia (BG) during time perception. On the other hand, working memory engaged the left prefrontal cortex, ACC, left superior parietal cortex, BG and cerebellum activity. Both time perception and working memory were related to a strong peristriate cortical activity. On the other hand, the interaction of time and memory showed activity in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These results support a distributed neural network based model for time perception and that the intraparietal and posterior cingulate areas might play a role in the interface of memory and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of MedicineAnkara, Turkey; Brain Research Center, Ankara UniversityAnkara, Turkey
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Kale EH, Mumcuoglu EU, Hamcan S. Automatic segmentation of human facial tissue by MRI-CT fusion: a feasibility study. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2012; 108:1106-1120. [PMID: 22958985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop automatic image segmentation methods to segment human facial tissue which contains very thin anatomic structures. The segmentation output can be used to construct a more realistic human face model for a variety of purposes like surgery planning, patient specific prosthesis design and facial expression simulation. Segmentation methods developed were based on Bayesian and Level Set frameworks, which were applied on three image types: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) and fusion, in which case information from both modalities were utilized maximally for every tissue type. The results on human data indicated that fusion, thickness adaptive and postprocessing options provided the best muscle/fat segmentation scores in both Level Set and Bayesian methods. When the best Level Set and Bayesian methods were compared, scores of the latter were better. Number of algorithm parameters (to be trained) and computer run time measured were also in favour of the Bayesian method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre H Kale
- Health Informatics Department, Informatics Institute, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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