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Tarbashevich K, Ermlich L, Wegner J, Pfeiffer J, Raz E. The mitochondrial protein Sod2 is important for the migration, maintenance, and fitness of germ cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1250643. [PMID: 37954204 PMCID: PMC10639133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1250643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain a range of cellular functions and to ensure cell survival, cells must control their levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main source of these molecules is the mitochondrial respiration machinery, and the first line of defense against these toxic substances is the mitochondrial enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2). Thus, investigating early expression patterns and functions of this protein is critical for understanding how an organism develops ways to protect itself against ROS and enhance tissue fitness. Here, we report on expression pattern and function of zebrafish Sod2, focusing on the role of the protein in migration and maintenance of primordial germ cells during early embryonic development. We provide evidence that Sod2 is involved in purifying selection of vertebrate germ cells, which can contribute to the fitness of the organism in the following generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Laura Ermlich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Julian Wegner
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Jana Pfeiffer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Muenster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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Westerich KJ, Tarbashevich K, Schick J, Gupta A, Zhu M, Hull K, Romo D, Zeuschner D, Goudarzi M, Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Spatial organization and function of RNA molecules within phase-separated condensates in zebrafish are controlled by Dnd1. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1578-1592.e5. [PMID: 37463577 PMCID: PMC10528888 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Germ granules, condensates of phase-separated RNA and protein, are organelles that are essential for germline development in different organisms. The patterning of the granules and their relevance for germ cell fate are not fully understood. Combining three-dimensional in vivo structural and functional analyses, we study the dynamic spatial organization of molecules within zebrafish germ granules. We find that the localization of RNA molecules to the periphery of the granules, where ribosomes are localized, depends on translational activity at this location. In addition, we find that the vertebrate-specific Dead end (Dnd1) protein is essential for nanos3 RNA localization at the condensates' periphery. Accordingly, in the absence of Dnd1, or when translation is inhibited, nanos3 RNA translocates into the granule interior, away from the ribosomes, a process that is correlated with the loss of germ cell fate. These findings highlight the relevance of sub-granule compartmentalization for post-transcriptional control and its importance for preserving germ cell totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Joana Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antra Gupta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Kenneth Hull
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Essibayi MA, Zakirova M, Phipps KM, Patton CD, Fluss R, Khatri D, Raz E, Shapiro M, Dmytriw AA, Haranhalli N, Agarwal V, Altschul DJ. Outcomes of Preoperative Transophthalmic Artery Embolization of Meningiomas: A Systematic Review with a Focus on Embolization Agent. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:934-938. [PMID: 37414456 PMCID: PMC10411834 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transophthalmic artery embolization of intracranial meningiomas is thought to be associated with a high complication risk. PURPOSE With advances in endovascular techniques, we systematically reviewed the current literature to improve our understanding of the safety and efficacy of transophthalmic artery embolization of intracranial meningiomas. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic search using PubMed from inception until August 3, 2022. STUDY SELECTION Twelve studies with 28 patients with intracranial meningiomas embolized through the transophthalmic artery were included. DATA ANALYSIS Baseline and technical characteristics and clinical and safety outcomes were collected. No statistical analysis was conducted. DATA SYNTHESIS The average age of 27 patients was 49.5 (SD, 13) years. Eighteen (69%) meningiomas were located in the anterior cranial fossa, and 8 (31%), in the sphenoid ridge/wing. Polyvinyl alcohol particles were most commonly (n = 8, 31%) used to preoperatively embolize meningiomas, followed by n-BCA in 6 (23%), Onyx in 6 (23%), Gelfoam in 5 (19%), and coils in 1 patient (4%). Complete embolization of the target meningioma feeders was reported in 8 (47%) of 17 patients; partial embolization, in 6 (32%); and suboptimal embolization, in 3 (18%). The endovascular complication rate was 16% (4 of 25), which included visual impairment in 3 (12%) patients. LIMITATIONS Selection and publication biases were limitations. CONCLUSIONS Transophthalmic artery embolization of intracranial meningiomas is feasible but is associated with a non-negligible complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Essibayi
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
- Department of Radiology (M.A.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M Zakirova
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
| | - K M Phipps
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
| | - C D Patton
- D. Samuel Gottesman Library (C.D.P.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - R Fluss
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
| | - D Khatri
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
| | - E Raz
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section (E.R., M.S.), Center for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - M Shapiro
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section (E.R., M.S.), Center for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - A A Dmytriw
- Neuroendovascular Program (A.A.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital & Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Neurovascular Centre (A.A.D.), Departments of Medical Imaging & Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Haranhalli
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
| | - V Agarwal
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
| | - D J Altschul
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (M.A.E., M.Z., K.M.P., R.F., D.K., N.H., V.A., D.J.A.), Montefiore Medical Center
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Westerich KJ, Tarbashevich K, Schick J, Gupta A, Zhu M, Hull K, Romo D, Zeuschner D, Goudarzi M, Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Spatial organization and function of RNA molecules within phase-separated condensates are controlled by Dnd1. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.09.548244. [PMID: 37461638 PMCID: PMC10350045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.09.548244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Germ granules, condensates of phase-separated RNA and protein, are organelles essential for germline development in different organisms The patterning of the granules and its relevance for germ cell fate are not fully understood. Combining three-dimensional in vivo structural and functional analyses, we study the dynamic spatial organization of molecules within zebrafish germ granules. We find that localization of RNA molecules to the periphery of the granules, where ribosomes are localized depends on translational activity at this location. In addition, we find that the vertebrate-specific Dead end (Dnd1) protein is essential for nanos3 RNA localization at the condensates' periphery. Accordingly, in the absence of Dnd1, or when translation is inhibited, nanos3 RNA translocates into the granule interior, away from the ribosomes, a process that is correlated with loss of germ cell fate. These findings highlight the relevance of sub-granule compartmentalization for posttranscriptional control, and its importance for preserving germ cell totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Joana Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antra Gupta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Kenneth Hull
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Reichman-Fried M, Raz E. Bleb protrusions help cancer cells to cheat death. Nature 2023; 615:402-403. [PMID: 36859662 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Westerich KJ, Reinecke S, Emich J, Wyrwoll MJ, Stallmeyer B, Meyer M, Oud MS, Fietz D, Pilatz A, Kliesch S, Reichman-Fried M, Tarbashevich K, Limon T, Stehling M, Friedrich C, Tüttelmann F, Raz E. Linking human Dead end 1 (DND1) variants to male infertility employing zebrafish embryos. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:655-670. [PMID: 36807972 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the vertebrate protein Dead end (DND1) a causative factor for human infertility and can novel in vivo assays in zebrafish help in evaluating this? SUMMARY ANSWER Combining patient genetic data with functional in vivo assays in zebrafish reveals a possible role for DND1 in human male fertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY About 7% of the male population is affected by infertility but linking specific gene variants to the disease is challenging. The function of the DND1 protein was shown to be critical for germ cell development in several model organisms but a reliable and cost-effective method for evaluating the activity of the protein in the context of human male infertility is still missing. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Exome data from 1305 men included in the Male Reproductive Genomics cohort were examined in this study. A total of 1114 of the patients showed severely impaired spermatogenesis but were otherwise healthy. Eighty-five men with intact spermatogenesis were included in the study as controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We screened the human exome data for rare, stop-gain, frameshift, splice site, as well as missense variants in DND1. The results were validated by Sanger sequencing. Immunohistochemical techniques and, when possible, segregation analyses were performed for patients with identified DND1 variants. The amino acid exchange in the human variant was mimicked at the corresponding site of the zebrafish protein. Using different aspects of germline development in live zebrafish embryos as biological assays, we examined the activity level of these DND1 protein variants. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In human exome sequencing data, we identified four heterozygous variants in DND1 (three missense and one frameshift variant) in five unrelated patients. The function of all of the variants was examined in the zebrafish and one of those was studied in more depth in this model. We demonstrate the use of zebrafish assays as a rapid and effective biological readout for evaluating the possible impact of multiple gene variants on male fertility. This in vivo approach allowed us to assess the direct impact of the variants on germ cell function in the context of the native germline. Focusing on the DND1 gene, we find that zebrafish germ cells, expressing orthologs of DND1 variants identified in infertile men, failed to arrive correctly at the position where the gonad develops and exhibited defects in cell fate maintenance. Importantly, our analysis facilitated the evaluation of single nucleotide variants, whose impact on protein function is difficult to predict, and allowed us to distinguish variants that do not affect the protein's activity from those that strongly reduce it and could thus potentially be the primary cause for the pathological condition. These aberrations in germline development resemble the testicular phenotype of azoospermic patients. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The pipeline we present requires access to zebrafish embryos and to basic imaging equipment. The notion that the activity of the protein in the zebrafish-based assays is relevant for the human homolog is well supported by previous knowledge. Nevertheless, the human protein may differ in some respects from its homologue in zebrafish. Thus, the assay should be considered only one of the parameters used in defining DND1 variants as causative or non-causative for infertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Using DND1 as an example, we have shown that the approach described in this study, relying on bridging between clinical findings and fundamental cell biology, can help to establish links between novel human disease candidate genes and fertility. In particular, the power of the approach we developed is manifested by the fact that it allows the identification of DND1 variants that arose de novo. The strategy presented here can be applied to different genes in other disease contexts. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the German Research Foundation, Clinical Research Unit, CRU326 'Male Germ Cells'. There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Joana Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Solveig Reinecke
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Emich
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Meyer
- Evolutionary Genetics Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manon S Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michal Reichman-Fried
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tamara Limon
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Friedrich
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Truszkowski L, Batur D, Long H, Tarbashevich K, Vos BE, Trappmann B, Raz E. Primordial germ cells adjust their protrusion type while migrating in different tissue contexts in vivo. Development 2023; 150:286614. [PMID: 36515556 PMCID: PMC10110502 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In both physiological processes and disease contexts, migrating cells have the ability to adapt to conditions in their environment. As an in vivo model for this process, we use zebrafish primordial germ cells that migrate throughout the developing embryo. When migrating within an ectodermal environment, the germ cells form fewer and smaller blebs when compared with their behavior within mesodermal environment. We find that cortical tension of neighboring cells is a parameter that affects blebbing frequency. Interestingly, the change in blebbing activity is accompanied by the formation of more actin-rich protrusions. These alterations in cell behavior that correlate with changes in RhoA activity could allow the cells to maintain dynamic motility parameters, such as migration speed and track straightness, in different settings. In addition, we find that the polarity of the cells can be affected by stiff structures positioned in their migration path This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Truszkowski
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dilek Batur
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hongyan Long
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bart E Vos
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37007 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Raz E, Cavalcanti DD, Sen C, Nossek E, Potts M, Peschillo S, Lotan E, Narayan V, Ali A, Sharashidze V, Nelson PK, Shapiro M. Tumor Embolization through Meningohypophyseal and Inferolateral Trunks is Safe and Effective. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1142-1147. [PMID: 35902121 PMCID: PMC9575419 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Skull base tumors are commonly supplied by dural branches of the meningohypophyseal and inferolateral trunks. Embolization through these arteries is often avoided due to technical challenges and inherent risks; however, successful embolization can be a valuable surgical adjunct. We aimed to review the success and complications in our series of tumor embolizations through the meningohypophyseal and inferolateral trunks. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients with tumor treated with preoperative embolization at our institution between 2010 and 2020. We reviewed the following data: patients' demographics, tumor characteristics, endovascular embolization variables, and surgical results including estimated blood loss, the need for transfusion, and operative time. RESULTS Among 155 tumor embolization cases, we identified 14 patients in whom tumor embolization was performed using the meningohypophyseal (n = 13) or inferolateral (n = 4) trunk. In this group of patients, on average, 79% of tumors were embolized. No mortality or morbidity from the embolization procedure was observed in this subgroup of patients. The average estimated blood loss in the operation was 395 mL (range, 200-750 mL). None of the patients required a transfusion, and the average operative time was 7.3 hours. CONCLUSIONS Some skull base tumors necessitate embolization through ICA branches such as the meningohypophyseal and inferolateral trunks. Our series demonstrates that an effective and safe embolization may be performed through these routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raz
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.)
| | - D D Cavalcanti
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.)
| | - C Sen
- Neurointerventional Section, and Neurosurgery (C.S., E.N. P.K.N.), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - E Nossek
- Neurointerventional Section, and Neurosurgery (C.S., E.N. P.K.N.), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - M Potts
- Department of Neurological Surgery (M.P.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - S Peschillo
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.P.), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E Lotan
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.)
| | - V Narayan
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.)
| | - A Ali
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.)
| | - V Sharashidze
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.)
| | - P K Nelson
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.).,Neurointerventional Section, and Neurosurgery (C.S., E.N. P.K.N.), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - M Shapiro
- From the Departments of Radiology (E.R., D.D.C., E.L., V.N., A.A., V.S., P.K.N., M.S.)
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Labbaf Z, Petratou K, Ermlich L, Backer W, Tarbashevich K, Reichman-Fried M, Luschnig S, Schulte-Merker S, Raz E. A robust and tunable system for targeted cell ablation in developing embryos. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2026-2040.e5. [PMID: 35914525 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cell ablation is a key method in the research fields of developmental biology, tissue regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. Eliminating specific cell populations allows for characterizing interactions that control cell differentiation, death, behavior, and spatial organization of cells. Current methodologies for inducing cell death suffer from relatively slow kinetics, making them unsuitable for analyzing rapid events and following primary and immediate consequences of the ablation. To address this, we developed a cell-ablation system that is based on bacterial toxin/anti-toxin proteins and enables rapid and cell-autonomous elimination of specific cell types and organs in zebrafish embryos. A unique feature of this system is that it uses an anti-toxin, which allows for controlling the degree and timing of ablation and the resulting phenotypes. The transgenic zebrafish generated in this work represent a highly efficient tool for cell ablation, and this approach is applicable to other model organisms as demonstrated here for Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Labbaf
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Kleio Petratou
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Laura Ermlich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Wilko Backer
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Michal Reichman-Fried
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stefan Luschnig
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
In the context of development, tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis and inflammation, migrating amoeboid cells commonly form protrusions called blebs. For these spherical protrusions to inflate, the force for pushing the membrane forward depends on actomyosin contraction rather than active actin assembly. Accordingly, blebs exhibit distinct dynamics and regulation. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms that control the inflation of blebs and bias their formation in the direction of the cell’s leading edge and present current views concerning the role blebs play in promoting cell locomotion. While certain motile amoeboid cells exclusively form blebs, others form blebs as well as other protrusion types. We describe factors in the environment and cell-intrinsic activities that determine the proportion of the different forms of protrusions cells produce.
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11
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Diana F, Pesce A, Toccaceli G, Muralidharan V, Raz E, Miscusi M, Raco A, Missori P, Peschillo S. Microsurgical clipping versus newer endovascular techniques in treatment of unruptured anterior communicating artery-complex aneurysms: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:1089-1100. [PMID: 34622332 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare occlusion rate, complication rate, and clinical outcome of microsurgical clipping (MC) and advanced endovascular techniques (EVT) in unruptured anterior communicating artery-complex aneurysms (ACoCAs). We reviewed the scientific literature reporting occlusion rate, time of occlusion assessment, and clinical outcome of MC and EVT in patients with unruptured ACoCAs, from January 2009 to December 2019. We included in our analysis 25 studies and 872 patients with unruptured ACoCAs (434 treated with endovascular techniques and 438 with MC). Ninety-three (10.7%), 320 (36.7%), 21 (2.4%), and 438 (50.2%) were treated with flow diverter (FD), stent-assisted coiling (SAC), endosaccular devices (ES), and microsurgical clipping (MC) respectively. FD, SAC, ES, and MC subgroups presented minor complications in 11.8%, 3.8%, 14.3%, and 7.1% of cases (p=.016), and major complications in 3.2%, 4.4%, 0%, and 7.1% (p=.136) of patients. A total occlusion rate post-treatment has been achieved in 4.3%, 87.1%, 47.6%, and 98.2% of cases (p=.000), while at 12 months' follow-up in 50%, 66%, 83.3%, and 80% of patients (p=.001). FD, SAC, ES, and MC subgroups had a good clinical outcome at 12 months in 93.5%, 90.5%, 100%, and 67.8% of cases. MC is associated with higher post-treatment total occlusion rate, but higher complication and lower good clinical outcome rates. EVT are promising in treating unruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysms with high margin of safety and good clinical outcome, despite the lower total occlusion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Diana
- Department of Neuroradiology, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Pesce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy
| | - G Toccaceli
- Department of Emergency Neurosurgery, Ospedale Civile "Santo Spirito" di Pescara, Pescara, Italy.
| | - V Muralidharan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - E Raz
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Miscusi
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, AOSA, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A Raco
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, AOSA, Department of NESMOS, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - P Missori
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Peschillo
- Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" - Endovascular Neurosurgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, Tricase, LE, Italy
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12
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Kummer D, Steinbacher T, Thölmann S, Schwietzer MF, Hartmann C, Horenkamp S, Demuth S, Peddibhotla SS, Brinkmann F, Kemper B, Schnekenburger J, Brandt M, Betz T, Liashkovich I, Kouzel IU, Shahin V, Corvaia N, Rottner K, Tarbashevich K, Raz E, Greune L, Schmidt MA, Gerke V, Ebnet K. A JAM-A-tetraspanin-αvβ5 integrin complex regulates contact inhibition of locomotion. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213070. [PMID: 35293964 PMCID: PMC8931538 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) is a process that regulates cell motility upon collision with other cells. Improper regulation of CIL has been implicated in cancer cell dissemination. Here, we identify the cell adhesion molecule JAM-A as a central regulator of CIL in tumor cells. JAM-A is part of a multimolecular signaling complex in which tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 link JAM-A to αvβ5 integrin. JAM-A binds Csk and inhibits the activity of αvβ5 integrin-associated Src. Loss of JAM-A results in increased activities of downstream effectors of Src, including Erk1/2, Abi1, and paxillin, as well as increased activity of Rac1 at cell-cell contact sites. As a consequence, JAM-A-depleted cells show increased motility, have a higher cell-matrix turnover, and fail to halt migration when colliding with other cells. We also find that proper regulation of CIL depends on αvβ5 integrin engagement. Our findings identify a molecular mechanism that regulates CIL in tumor cells and have implications on tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kummer
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Thölmann
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mariel Flavia Schwietzer
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simone Horenkamp
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabrina Demuth
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Swetha S.D. Peddibhotla
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Kemper
- Biomedical Technology Center, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnekenburger
- Biomedical Technology Center, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Brandt
- Institute-associated Research Group “Mechanics of Cellular Systems”, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute-associated Research Group “Mechanics of Cellular Systems”, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan U. Kouzel
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology University of Bergen Thormøhlensgt, Bergen, Norway
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Corvaia
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Divison of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany,Molecular Cell Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster, 48419 Münster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institute of Infectiology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster, 48419 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Münster, Germany,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster, 48419 Münster, Germany
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13
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Bertho S, Clapp M, Banisch TU, Bandemer J, Raz E, Marlow FL. Correction: Zebrafish dazl regulates cystogenesis and germline stem cell specification during the primordial germ cell to germline stem cell transition. Development 2022; 149:dev200629. [PMID: 35179182 PMCID: PMC11077259 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
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14
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Marzano M, Herzmann S, Elsbroek L, Sanal N, Tarbashevich K, Raz E, Krahn MP, Rumpf S. AMPK adapts metabolism to developmental energy requirement during dendrite pruning in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110024. [PMID: 34788610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To reshape neuronal connectivity in adult stages, Drosophila sensory neurons prune their dendrites during metamorphosis using a genetic degeneration program that is induced by the steroid hormone ecdysone. Metamorphosis is a nonfeeding stage that imposes metabolic constraints on development. We find that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a regulator of energy homeostasis, is cell-autonomously required for dendrite pruning. AMPK is activated by ecdysone and promotes oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate usage, likely to enable neurons to use noncarbohydrate metabolites such as amino acids for energy production. Loss of AMPK or mitochondrial deficiency causes specific defects in pruning factor translation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our findings distinguish pruning from pathological neurite degeneration, which is often induced by defects in energy production, and highlight how metabolism is adapted to fit energy-costly developmental transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marzano
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Münster, Badestrasse 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Svende Herzmann
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Münster, Badestrasse 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leonardo Elsbroek
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Münster, Badestrasse 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Neeraja Sanal
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Münster, Badestrasse 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael P Krahn
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rumpf
- Institute for Neurobiology, University of Münster, Badestrasse 9, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Mall EM, Lecanda A, Drexler HCA, Raz E, Schöler HR, Schlatt S. Heading towards a dead end: The role of DND1 in germ line differentiation of human iPSCs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258427. [PMID: 34653201 PMCID: PMC8519482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DND microRNA-mediated repression inhibitor 1 (DND1) is a conserved RNA binding protein (RBP) that plays important roles in survival and fate maintenance of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and in the development of the male germline in zebrafish and mice. Dead end was shown to be expressed in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), PGCs and spermatogonia, but little is known about its specific role concerning pluripotency and human germline development. Here we use CRISPR/Cas mediated knockout and PGC-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation in human iPSCs to determine if DND1 (1) plays a role in maintaining pluripotency and (2) in specification of PGCLCs. We generated several clonal lines carrying biallelic loss of function mutations and analysed their differentiation potential towards PGCLCs and their gene expression on RNA and protein levels via RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. The generated knockout iPSCs showed no differences in pluripotency gene expression, proliferation, or trilineage differentiation potential, but yielded reduced numbers of PGCLCs as compared with their parental iPSCs. RNAseq analysis of mutated PGCLCs revealed that the overall gene expression remains like non-mutated PGCLCs. However, reduced expression of genes associated with PGC differentiation and maintenance (e.g., NANOS3, PRDM1) was observed. Together, we show that DND1 iPSCs maintain their pluripotency but exhibit a reduced differentiation to PGCLCs. This versatile model will allow further analysis of the specific mechanisms by which DND1 influences PGC differentiation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Mall
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany
| | - Aaron Lecanda
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany
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16
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Raz E, Shapiro M, Mir O, Nossek E, Nelson PK. Arterial and Venous 3D Fusion AV-3D-DSA: A Novel Approach to Cerebrovascular Neuroimaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1282-1284. [PMID: 33832953 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DSA is the standard imaging technique for evaluation of cerebrovascular conditions. However, One drawback is its limitation in depicting a single angiographic phase at a time. We describe a new 3D-DSA algorithm, which we call arterial and venous-3D-DSA, which allows the concurrent yet distinct display of the arterial and venous structures, which may be useful for different clinical and educational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raz
- From the Department of Radiology (E.R., M.S., O.M., P.K.N.)
| | - M Shapiro
- From the Department of Radiology (E.R., M.S., O.M., P.K.N.)
| | - O Mir
- From the Department of Radiology (E.R., M.S., O.M., P.K.N.)
| | - E Nossek
- Department of Neurosurgery (E.N.), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - P K Nelson
- From the Department of Radiology (E.R., M.S., O.M., P.K.N.)
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17
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Abstract
Similar to many other organisms, zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified at a location distinct from that of gonadal somatic cells. Guided by chemotactic cues, PGCs migrate through embryonic tissues toward the region where the gonad develops. In this process, PGCs employ a bleb-driven amoeboid migration mode, characterized by low adhesion and high actomyosin contractility, a strategy used by other migrating cells, such as leukocytes and certain types of cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying the motility and the directed migration of PGCs should be robust to ensure arrival at the target, thereby contributing to the fertility of the organism. These features make PGCs an excellent model for studying guided single-cell migration in vivo. In this review, we present recent findings regarding the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity that are essential for motility and discuss the mechanisms by which cell polarization and directed migration are controlled by chemical and physical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aalto
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adan Olguin-Olguin
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Shapiro M, Srivatanakul K, Raz E, Litao M, Nossek E, Nelson PK. Reply. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:E31-E32. [PMID: 33766827 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Shapiro
- Department of Radiology and NeurologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York, New York
| | - K Srivatanakul
- Department of NeurosurgeryTokai UniversityKanagawa, Japan
| | - E Raz
- Department of RadiologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York, New York
| | - M Litao
- Department of RadiologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York, New York
| | - E Nossek
- Department of NeurosurgeryNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York, New York
| | - P K Nelson
- Department of NeurosurgeryNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York, New York
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19
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Bertho S, Clapp M, Banisch TU, Bandemer J, Raz E, Marlow FL. Zebrafish dazl regulates cystogenesis and germline stem cell specification during the primordial germ cell to germline stem cell transition. Development 2021; 148:dev187773. [PMID: 33722898 PMCID: PMC8077517 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fertility and gamete reserves are maintained by asymmetric divisions of the germline stem cells to produce new stem cells or daughters that differentiate as gametes. Before entering meiosis, differentiating germ cells (GCs) of sexual animals typically undergo cystogenesis. This evolutionarily conserved process involves synchronous and incomplete mitotic divisions of a GC daughter (cystoblast) to generate sister cells connected by intercellular bridges that facilitate the exchange of materials to support rapid expansion of the gamete progenitor population. Here, we investigated cystogenesis in zebrafish and found that early GCs are connected by ring canals, and show that Deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl), a conserved vertebrate RNA-binding protein (Rbp), is a regulator of this process. Analysis of dazl mutants revealed the essential role of Dazl in regulating incomplete cytokinesis, germline cyst formation and germline stem cell specification before the meiotic transition. Accordingly, dazl mutant GCs form defective ring canals, and ultimately remain as individual cells that fail to differentiate as meiocytes. In addition to promoting cystoblast divisions and meiotic entry, dazl is required for germline stem cell establishment and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bertho
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Mara Clapp
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Torsten U. Banisch
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Jan Bandemer
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Florence L. Marlow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Labbaf Z, Raz E. Building Relationships: A Role for Innexins in Tissue Formation. Dev Cell 2021; 54:428-430. [PMID: 32841593 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that govern cell interactions during organ formation are not fully understood. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Miao et al. demonstrate a channel-independent role for gap junction proteins in the establishment of contacts between three cell types that build up the micropyle during oocyte development in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Labbaf
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
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21
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Gross-Thebing S, Truszkowski L, Tenbrinck D, Sánchez-Iranzo H, Camelo C, Westerich KJ, Singh A, Maier P, Prengel J, Lange P, Hüwel J, Gaede F, Sasse R, Vos BE, Betz T, Matis M, Prevedel R, Luschnig S, Diz-Muñoz A, Burger M, Raz E. Using migrating cells as probes to illuminate features in live embryonic tissues. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabc5546. [PMID: 33277250 PMCID: PMC7821905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical and biochemical properties of live tissues are important in the context of development and disease. Methods for evaluating these properties typically involve destroying the tissue or require specialized technology and complicated analyses. Here, we present a novel, noninvasive methodology for determining the spatial distribution of tissue features within embryos, making use of nondirectionally migrating cells and software we termed "Landscape," which performs automatized high-throughput three-dimensional image registration. Using the live migrating cells as bioprobes, we identified structures within the zebrafish embryo that affect the distribution of the cells and studied one such structure constituting a physical barrier, which, in turn, influences amoeboid cell polarity. Overall, this work provides a unique approach for detecting tissue properties without interfering with animal's development. In addition, Landscape allows for integrating data from multiple samples, providing detailed and reliable quantitative evaluation of variable biological phenotypes in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargon Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Lukasz Truszkowski
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Daniel Tenbrinck
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina Camelo
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kim J Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Amrita Singh
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Paul Maier
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jonas Prengel
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Pia Lange
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Hüwel
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Fjedor Gaede
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ramona Sasse
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Bart E Vos
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Mechanics of Cellular Systems Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Mechanics of Cellular Systems Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Maja Matis
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Luschnig
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Burger
- Applied Mathematics Muenster, University of Muenster, Einsteinstr. 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Center, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Grimaldi C, Schumacher I, Boquet-Pujadas A, Tarbashevich K, Vos BE, Bandemer J, Schick J, Aalto A, Olivo-Marin JC, Betz T, Raz E. E-cadherin focuses protrusion formation at the front of migrating cells by impeding actin flow. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5397. [PMID: 33106478 PMCID: PMC7588466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of many cell types relies on the formation of actomyosin-dependent protrusions called blebs, but the mechanisms responsible for focusing this kind of protrusive activity to the cell front are largely unknown. Here, we employ zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) as a model to study the role of cell-cell adhesion in bleb-driven single-cell migration in vivo. Utilizing a range of genetic, reverse genetic and mathematical tools, we define a previously unknown role for E-cadherin in confining bleb-type protrusions to the leading edge of the cell. We show that E-cadherin-mediated frictional forces impede the backwards flow of actomyosin-rich structures that define the domain where protrusions are preferentially generated. In this way, E-cadherin confines the bleb-forming region to a restricted area at the cell front and reinforces the front-rear axis of migrating cells. Accordingly, when E-cadherin activity is reduced, the bleb-forming area expands, thus compromising the directional persistence of the cells. The arrival of migratory cells at their targets relies on following precise routes within tissues. Here the authors demonstrate that the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin can control the path of cell migration by confining the site where bleb-type protrusions form within the cell front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Grimaldi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabel Schumacher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Aleix Boquet-Pujadas
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, 75105, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3691, 75105, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Eduard Vos
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Bandemer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Aalto
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Timo Betz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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23
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Cavalcanti DD, Raz E, Shapiro M, Dehkharghani S, Yaghi S, Lillemoe K, Nossek E, Torres J, Jain R, Riina HA, Radmanesh A, Nelson PK. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Associated with COVID-19. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1370-1376. [PMID: 32554424 PMCID: PMC7658892 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being more frequently related to acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute cardiac and renal injuries, thromboembolic events have been increasingly reported. We report a unique series of young patients with COVID-19 presenting with cerebral venous system thrombosis. Three patients younger than 41 years of age with confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection had neurologic findings related to cerebral venous thrombosis. They were admitted during the short period of 10 days between March and April 2020 and were managed in an academic institution in a large city. One patient had thrombosis in both the superficial and deep systems; another had involvement of the straight sinus, vein of Galen, and internal cerebral veins; and a third patient had thrombosis of the deep medullary veins. Two patients presented with hemorrhagic venous infarcts. The median time from COVID-19 symptoms to a thrombotic event was 7 days (range, 2-7 days). One patient was diagnosed with new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis, and another one used oral contraceptive pills. Two patients were managed with both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin; one was treated with lopinavir-ritonavir. All patients had a fatal outcome. Severe and potentially fatal deep cerebral thrombosis may complicate the initial clinical presentation of COVID-19. We urge awareness of this atypical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Cavalcanti
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.D.C., E.R., M.S., S.D., R.J., A.R., P.K.N.)
| | - E Raz
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.D.C., E.R., M.S., S.D., R.J., A.R., P.K.N.)
| | - M Shapiro
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.D.C., E.R., M.S., S.D., R.J., A.R., P.K.N.)
| | - S Dehkharghani
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.D.C., E.R., M.S., S.D., R.J., A.R., P.K.N.)
| | - S Yaghi
- Neurology (S.Y., K.L., J.T.)
| | | | - E Nossek
- Neurosurgery (E.N., H.A.R.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - R Jain
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.D.C., E.R., M.S., S.D., R.J., A.R., P.K.N.)
| | - H A Riina
- Neurosurgery (E.N., H.A.R.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - A Radmanesh
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.D.C., E.R., M.S., S.D., R.J., A.R., P.K.N.)
| | - P K Nelson
- From the Departments of Radiology (D.D.C., E.R., M.S., S.D., R.J., A.R., P.K.N.)
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24
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Shapiro M, Srivatanakul K, Raz E, Litao M, Nossek E, Nelson PK. Dural Venous Channels: Hidden in Plain Sight-Reassessment of an Under-Recognized Entity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1434-1440. [PMID: 32675338 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tentorial sinus venous channels within the tentorium cerebelli connecting various cerebellar and supratentorial veins, as well as the basal vein, to adjacent venous sinuses are a well-recognized entity. Also well-known are "dural lakes" at the vertex. However, the presence of similar channels in the supratentorial dura, serving as recipients of the Labbe, superficial temporal, and lateral and medial parieto-occipital veins, among others, appears to be underappreciated. Also under-recognized is the possible role of these channels in the angioarchitecture of certain high-grade dural fistulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 100 consecutive angiographic studies was performed following identification of index cases to gather data on the angiographic and cross-sectional appearance, location, length, and other features. A review of 100 consecutive dural fistulas was also performed to identify those not directly involving a venous sinus. RESULTS Supratentorial dural venous channels were found in 26% of angiograms. They have the same appearance as those in the tentorium cerebelli, a flattened, ovalized morphology owing to their course between 2 layers of the dura, in contradistinction to a rounded cross-section of cortical and bridging veins. They are best appreciated on angiography and volumetric postcontrast T1-weighted images. Ten dural fistulas not directly involving a venous sinus were identified, 6 tentorium cerebelli and 4 supratentorial. CONCLUSIONS Supratentorial dural venous channels are an under-recognized entity. They may play a role in the angioarchitecture of dural arteriovenous fistulas that appear to drain directly into a cortical vein. We propose "dural venous channel" as a unifying name for these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shapiro
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., P.K.N.)
- Neurology (M.S., M.L.)
| | - K Srivatanakul
- Department of Neurosurgery (K.S.), Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - E Raz
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., P.K.N.)
| | | | - E Nossek
- Neurosurgery (E.N., P.K.N.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - P K Nelson
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., P.K.N.)
- Neurosurgery (E.N., P.K.N.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
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25
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Jain R, Young M, Dogra S, Kennedy H, Nguyen V, Raz E. Surprise Diagnosis of COVID-19 following Neuroimaging Evaluation for Unrelated Reasons during the Pandemic in Hot Spots. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1177-1178. [PMID: 32467189 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During the height of the recent outbreak of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) in New York City, almost all the hospital emergency departments were inundated with patients with COVID-19, who presented with typical fever, cough, and dyspnea. A small number of patients also presented with either unrelated conditions (such as trauma) or other emergencies, and some of which are now known to be associated with COVID-19 (such as stroke). We report such a scenario in 17 patients who were admitted and investigated with CT spine imaging and CT angiography for nonpulmonary reasons (trauma = 13, stroke = 4). Their initial work-up did not suggest COVID-19 as a diagnosis but showed unsuspected/incidental lung findings, which led to further investigations and a diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jain
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.J., M.Y., S.D., H.K., V.N., E.R.)
- Neurosurgery (R.J.), NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - M Young
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.J., M.Y., S.D., H.K., V.N., E.R.)
| | - S Dogra
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.J., M.Y., S.D., H.K., V.N., E.R.)
| | - H Kennedy
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.J., M.Y., S.D., H.K., V.N., E.R.)
| | - V Nguyen
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.J., M.Y., S.D., H.K., V.N., E.R.)
| | - E Raz
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.J., M.Y., S.D., H.K., V.N., E.R.)
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26
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Radmanesh A, Raz E, Zan E, Derman A, Kaminetzky M. Brain Imaging Use and Findings in COVID-19: A Single Academic Center Experience in the Epicenter of Disease in the United States. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1179-1183. [PMID: 32467191 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious public health crisis and can have neurologic manifestations. This is a retrospective observational case series performed March 1-31, 2020, at New York University Langone Medical Center campuses. Clinical and imaging data were extracted, reviewed, and analyzed. Two hundred forty-two patients with COVID-19 underwent CT or MRI of the brain within 2 weeks after the positive result of viral testing (mean age, 68.7 ± 16.5 years; 150 men/92 women [62.0%/38.0%]). The 3 most common indications for imaging were altered mental status (42.1%), syncope/fall (32.6%), and focal neurologic deficit (12.4%). The most common imaging findings were nonspecific white matter microangiopathy (134/55.4%), chronic infarct (47/19.4%), acute or subacute ischemic infarct (13/5.4%), and acute hemorrhage (11/4.5%). No patients imaged for altered mental status demonstrated acute ischemic infarct or acute hemorrhage. White matter microangiopathy was associated with higher 2-week mortality (P < .001). Our data suggest that in the absence of a focal neurologic deficit, brain imaging in patients with early COVID-19 with altered mental status may not be revealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Radmanesh
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - E Raz
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - E Zan
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - A Derman
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M Kaminetzky
- From the Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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27
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Westerich KJ, Chandrasekaran KS, Gross-Thebing T, Kueck N, Raz E, Rentmeister A. Bioorthogonal mRNA labeling at the poly(A) tail for imaging localization and dynamics in live zebrafish embryos. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3089-3095. [PMID: 33623655 PMCID: PMC7879197 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Live imaging of mRNA in cells and organisms is important for understanding the dynamic aspects underlying its function.
Live imaging of mRNA in cells and organisms is important for understanding the dynamic aspects underlying its function. Ideally, labeling of mRNA should not alter its structure or function, nor affect the biological system. However, most methods applied in vivo make use of genetically encoded tags and reporters that significantly enhance the size of the mRNA of interest. Alternately, we utilize the 3′ poly(A) tail as a non-coding repetitive hallmark to covalently label mRNAs via bioorthogonal chemistry with different fluorophores from a wide range of spectra without significantly changing the size. We demonstrate that the labeled mRNAs can be visualized in cells and zebrafish embryos, and that they are efficiently translated. Importantly, the labeled mRNAs acquired the proper subcellular localization in developing zebrafish embryos and their dynamics could be tracked in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Karthik S Chandrasekaran
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Nadine Kueck
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Erez Raz
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) , Waldeyerstraße 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) , Waldeyerstraße 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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28
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Boquet-Pujadas A, Grimaldi C, Raz E, Olivo-Marin JC. Tracking and line integration of diffuse cellular subdomains by mesh advection. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:6018-6021. [PMID: 31947218 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Active molecular transport ensures a purposeful spatiotemporal distribution of cellular proteins and is therefore key to a wide range of processes such as morphogenesis, homeostasis or migration. However, redistributions of molecules in bulk are seldom quantified because the regions involved are too diffuse to be segmented consistently. To bridge this gap, we propose a Laplace-corrected Runge-Kutta advection that is based on mesh triangulation. Our framework can follow the movement and deformation of multiple parts of a diffuse region at once and offers a seamless combination with spatiotemporal line integration in Lagrangian coordinates. This allows the flexibility to taylor specific measures to the question at hand, e.g. mechanical work, bringing long-established physics concepts into biology grounds. We exemplify our approach by quantifying how the isotropy of intracellular protein distributions changes during cargo transport.
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29
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Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Dead end and Detour: The function of the RNA-binding protein Dnd in posttranscriptional regulation in the germline. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 140:181-208. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Grimaldi C, Raz E. Germ cell migration-Evolutionary issues and current understanding. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:152-159. [PMID: 31864795 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In many organisms, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified at a different location than where the gonad forms, meaning that PGCs must migrate toward the gonad within the early developing embryo. Following species-specific paths, PGCs can be passively carried by surrounding tissues and also perform active migration. When PGCs actively migrate through and along a variety of embryonic structures in different organisms, they adopt an ancestral robust migration mode termed "amoeboid motility", which allows cells to migrate within diverse environments. In this review, we discuss the possible significance of the PGC migration process in facilitating the evolution of animal body shape. In addition, we summarize the latest findings relevant for the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the movement and the directed migration of PGCs in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Grimaldi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany.
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31
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Feldman S, Raz E, Lipson SG. Phase-retrieval method for measuring small contact angles of pentane on water. Appl Opt 2019; 58:8577-8582. [PMID: 31873342 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.008577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pentane drops on a water surface are predicted to have contact angles of the order of 1 degree or less in the phase of frustrated complete wetting. We have developed an optical method of measuring such small contact angles, applicable to cases where the refractive indices of the substrate and adsorbate are very similar and the fluid dynamics do not allow delay between image acquisitions, by using phase retrieval to map the surface profile of the drops. It is empirically shown that, with our method, a difference of nanometer order can be achieved for the phase-retrieved dimensions relative to their expected value. Results agree with numerical predictions by Weiss and Widom [Physica A292, 137 (2001)PHYADX0378-437110.1016/S0378-4371(00)00619-1].
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32
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Lavi I, Goudarzi M, Raz E, Gov NS, Voituriez R, Sens P. Cellular Blebs and Membrane Invaginations Are Coupled through Membrane Tension Buffering. Biophys J 2019; 117:1485-1495. [PMID: 31445681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleb-type cellular protrusions play key roles in a range of biological processes. It was recently found that bleb growth is facilitated by a local supply of membrane from tubular invaginations, but the interplay between the expanding bleb and the membrane tubes remains poorly understood. On the one hand, the membrane area stored in tubes may serve as a reservoir for bleb expansion. On the other hand, the sequestering of excess membrane in stabilized invaginations may effectively increase the cell membrane tension, which suppresses spontaneous protrusions. Here, we investigate this duality through physical modeling and in vivo experiments. In agreement with observations, our model describes the transition into a tube-flattening mode of bleb expansion while also predicting that the blebbing rate is impaired by elevating the concentration of the curved membrane proteins that form the tubes. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the stabilizing effect of tubes could be counterbalanced by the cortical myosin contractility. Our results largely suggest that proteins able to induce membrane tubulation, such as those containing N-BAR domains, can buffer the effective membrane tension-a master regulator of all cell deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Lavi
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
| | - Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nir S Gov
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raphael Voituriez
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris, France
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Skvortsova K, Tarbashevich K, Stehling M, Lister R, Irimia M, Raz E, Bogdanovic O. Retention of paternal DNA methylome in the developing zebrafish germline. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3054. [PMID: 31296860 PMCID: PMC6624265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two waves of DNA methylation reprogramming occur during mammalian embryogenesis; during preimplantation development and during primordial germ cell (PGC) formation. However, it is currently unclear how evolutionarily conserved these processes are. Here we characterise the DNA methylomes of zebrafish PGCs at four developmental stages and identify retention of paternal epigenetic memory, in stark contrast to the findings in mammals. Gene expression profiling of zebrafish PGCs at the same developmental stages revealed that the embryonic germline is defined by a small number of markers that display strong developmental stage-specificity and that are independent of DNA methylation-mediated regulation. We identified promoters that are specifically targeted by DNA methylation in somatic and germline tissues during vertebrate embryogenesis and that are frequently misregulated in human cancers. Together, these detailed methylome and transcriptome maps of the zebrafish germline provide insight into vertebrate DNA methylation reprogramming and enhance our understanding of the relationships between germline fate acquisition and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Skvortsova
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstraße 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Lister
- ARC CoE Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Division, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08002, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Goudarzi M, Boquet-Pujadas A, Olivo-Marin JC, Raz E. Fluid dynamics during bleb formation in migrating cells in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212699. [PMID: 30807602 PMCID: PMC6391022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blebs are cellular protrusions observed in migrating cells and in cells undergoing spreading, cytokinesis, and apoptosis. Here we investigate the flow of cytoplasm during bleb formation and the concurrent changes in cell volume using zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) as an in vivo model. We show that bleb inflation occurs concomitantly with cytoplasmic inflow into it and that during this process the total cell volume does not change. We thus show that bleb formation in primordial germ cells results primarily from redistribution of material within the cell rather than being driven by flow of water from an external source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleix Boquet-Pujadas
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | | | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Shapiro M, Shapiro A, Raz E, Becske T, Riina H, Nelson PK. Toward Better Understanding of Flow Diversion in Bifurcation Aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2278-2283. [PMID: 30442697 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flow diversion is being increasingly used to treat bifurcation aneurysms. Empiric approaches have generally led to encouraging results, and a growing body of animal and ex vivo literature addresses the fate of target aneurysms and covered branches. Our prior investigations highlighted the dynamic nature of metal coverage provided by the Pipeline Embolization Device and suggested strategies for creating optimal single and multidevice constructs. We now address the geometric and hemodynamic aspects of jailing branch vessels and neighboring target aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fundamental electric and fluid dynamics principles were applied to generate equations describing the relationships between changes in flow and the degree of vessel coverage in settings of variable collateral support to the jailed territory. Given the high complexity of baseline and posttreatment fluid dynamics, in vivo, we studied a simplified hypothetic system with minimum assumptions to generate the most conservative outcomes. RESULTS In the acute setting, Pipeline Embolization Devices modify flow in covered branches, principally dependent on the amount of coverage, the efficiency of collateral support, and intrinsic resistance of the covered parenchymal territory. Up to 30% metal coverage of any branch territory is very likely to be well-tolerated regardless of device or artery size or the availability of immediate collateral support, provided, however, that no acute thrombus forms to further reduce jailed territory perfusion. CONCLUSIONS Basic hemodynamic principles support the safety of branch coverage during aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device. Rational strategies to build bifurcation constructs are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shapiro
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., P.K.N.) .,Neurology (M.S., H.R.)
| | - A Shapiro
- Department of Electrical Engineering (A.S.), Kiev Polytechnic Institute, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - E Raz
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., P.K.N.)
| | - T Becske
- Neurointerventional Service (T.B.), Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina Rex Hospital, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - H Riina
- Neurology (M.S., H.R.).,Neurosurgery (H.R., P.K.N.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - P K Nelson
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., P.K.N.).,Neurosurgery (H.R., P.K.N.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Shapiro M, Raz E, Litao M, Becske T, Riina H, Nelson PK. Toward a Better Understanding of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Angioarchitecture: Superselective Transvenous Embolization of a Sigmoid Common Arterial Collector. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1682-1688. [PMID: 30115674 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our aim was to propose a conceptually new angioarchitectural model of some dural arteriovenous fistulas based on subset analysis of transverse and sigmoid type lesions. The "common collector" notion argues for convergence of multiple smaller caliber arterial vessels on a common arterial collector vessel within the sinus wall. Communication of this single collector (or constellation of terminal collectors) with the sinus proper defines the site of arteriovenous fistula, which can be closed by highly targeted embolization, preserving the sinus and avoiding unnecessary permeation of indirect arterial feeders. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred consecutive dural arteriovenous shunts were examined. Thirty-six transverse/sigmoid fistulas were identified within this group and analyzed for the presence of a common arterial collector as well as other parameters, including demographics, grade, treatment approach, and outcome. RESULTS A common collector was identified in nearly all Cognard type I lesions (15 fistulas with 14 single collector vessels seen) and progressively less frequently in higher grade fistulas. Identification of the common collector requires careful angiographic analysis, including supraselective and intraprocedural angiographies during treatment, and final embolic material morphology. CONCLUSIONS Detailed evaluation of imaging studies allows frequent identification of a vascular channel in the sinus wall, which we argue reflects a compound, common arterial channel (rather than a venous collector) with 1 or several discrete fistulous points between this vessel and the sinus proper. Targeted closure of this channel is often feasible, with sinus preservation and avoidance of embolic material penetration into arteries remote from fistula site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shapiro
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., H.R., P.K.N.) .,Neurology (M.S., M.L.)
| | - E Raz
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., H.R., P.K.N.)
| | | | - T Becske
- Department of Neurology (T.B.), Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, New York
| | - H Riina
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., H.R., P.K.N.).,Neurosurgery (H.R., P.K.N.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - P K Nelson
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., E.R., H.R., P.K.N.).,Neurosurgery (H.R., P.K.N.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Malhotra D, Shin J, Solnica-Krezel L, Raz E. Spatio-temporal regulation of concurrent developmental processes by generic signaling downstream of chemokine receptors. eLife 2018; 7:33574. [PMID: 29873633 PMCID: PMC5990360 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are secreted proteins that regulate a range of processes in eukaryotic organisms. Interestingly, different chemokine receptors control distinct biological processes, and the same receptor can direct different cellular responses, but the basis for this phenomenon is not known. To understand this property of chemokine signaling, we examined the function of the chemokine receptors Cxcr4a, Cxcr4b, Ccr7, Ccr9 in the context of diverse processes in embryonic development in zebrafish. Our results reveal that the specific response to chemokine signaling is dictated by cell-type-specific chemokine receptor signal interpretation modules (CRIM) rather than by chemokine-receptor-specific signals. Thus, a generic signal provided by different receptors leads to discrete responses that depend on the specific identity of the cell that receives the signal. We present the implications of employing generic signals in different contexts such as gastrulation, axis specification and single-cell migration. Every process in the body is regulated by a complex network of interactions between different molecules and cells. Chemokines, for example, are tiny molecules produced by a cell that are involved in a range of processes, from development to immune responses and cancer. When chemokines bind to a specific protein on another cell, called the chemokine receptor, it stimulates different signaling pathways inside the cell. Consequently, chemokine receptors are equally important for regulating processes as diverse as the movement of cells during development and growth, or activating immune responses. Mammals have over 20 different chemokine receptors, and the same receptor can have different roles depending in which cell type it is found in. For example, in one cell type it may stimulate an action such as cell growth, but in another, it may block this process. Until now, it was unclear how chemokine receptors can achieve such different effects. One theory was that chemokine receptors initiate a distinct signaling cascade, a phenomenon termed ‘signaling bias’, depending on the type of chemokine or receptor. Here, Malhotra et al. used zebrafish embryos to investigate how four specific chemokine receptors regulate different events during early development. They found that the same chemokine receptor could direct different reactions in distinct cell types, while different receptors could also cause the same response in a specific cell type. In other words, the effect of a chemokine receptor depends on the cell type rather than the type of receptor. Since each of these receptors was able to control processes that it normally does not regulate in other cells, Malhotra et al. suggest that different chemokine receptors provide the same generic signal when activated, which the specific cell types then interpret accordingly. A next step will be to test how other chemokine receptors behave in different contexts, for example during an immune response. If the receptors work on the same principle regardless of the process, it could help to explain why faulty expression of chemokine receptors play such an important role during development and in disease. It could further highlight why blocking one receptor may not have any consequences, as they are dispensable and can be replaced by other receptors in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jimann Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Muenster, Germany
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Raz E, Shapiro M. Beware of Multiphase CTA Interpretation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:E45. [PMID: 29242358 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Raz
- Radiology Department, Neurointerventional Radiology Section New York University Langone Medical Center New York, New York
| | - M Shapiro
- Radiology Department, Neurointerventional Radiology Section New York University Langone Medical Center New York, New York
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Pfeiffer J, Tarbashevich K, Bandemer J, Palm T, Raz E. Rapid progression through the cell cycle ensures efficient migration of primordial germ cells - The role of Hsp90. Dev Biol 2018; 436:84-93. [PMID: 29477339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) constitute a useful in vivo model to study cell migration and to elucidate the role of specific proteins in this process. Here we report on the role of the heat shock protein Hsp90aa1.2, a protein whose RNA level is elevated in the PGCs during their migration. Reducing Hsp90aa1.2 activity slows down the progression through the cell cycle and leads to defects in the control over the MTOC number in the migrating cells. These defects result in a slower migration rate and compromise the arrival of PGCs at their target, the region where the gonad develops. Our results emphasize the importance of ensuring rapid progression through the cell cycle during single-cell migration and highlight the role of heat shock proteins in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pfeiffer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Bandemer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Palm
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Cao J, Ehling M, März S, Seebach J, Tarbashevich K, Sixta T, Pitulescu ME, Werner AC, Flach B, Montanez E, Raz E, Adams RH, Schnittler H. Polarized actin and VE-cadherin dynamics regulate junctional remodelling and cell migration during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2210. [PMID: 29263363 PMCID: PMC5738342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGFR-2/Notch signalling regulates angiogenesis in part by driving the remodelling of endothelial cell junctions and by inducing cell migration. Here, we show that VEGF-induced polarized cell elongation increases cell perimeter and decreases the relative VE-cadherin concentration at junctions, triggering polarized formation of actin-driven junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL) under control of the WASP/WAVE/ARP2/3 complex. JAIL allow formation of new VE-cadherin adhesion sites that are critical for cell migration and monolayer integrity. Whereas at the leading edge of the cell, large JAIL drive cell migration with supportive contraction, lateral junctions show small JAIL that allow relative cell movement. VEGFR-2 activation initiates cell elongation through dephosphorylation of junctional myosin light chain II, which leads to a local loss of tension to induce JAIL-mediated junctional remodelling. These events require both microtubules and polarized Rac activity. Together, we propose a model where polarized JAIL formation drives directed cell migration and junctional remodelling during sprouting angiogenesis. The formation of new blood vessels requires both polarized cell migration and coordinated control of endothelial cell contacts. Here, Cao and colleagues describe at the sub-cellular level the cytoskeletal and cell junction dynamics regulating these processes upon VEGF-induced cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Ehling
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sigrid März
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tomas Sixta
- Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, 16627, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Werner
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Flach
- Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University, 16627, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Goudarzi M, Tarbashevich K, Mildner K, Begemann I, Garcia J, Paksa A, Reichman-Fried M, Mahabaleshwar H, Blaser H, Hartwig J, Zeuschner D, Galic M, Bagnat M, Betz T, Raz E. Bleb Expansion in Migrating Cells Depends on Supply of Membrane from Cell Surface Invaginations. Dev Cell 2017; 43:577-587.e5. [PMID: 29173819 PMCID: PMC5939956 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for morphogenesis, organ formation, and homeostasis, with relevance for clinical conditions. The migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is a useful model for studying this process in the context of the developing embryo. Zebrafish PGC migration depends on the formation of cellular protrusions in form of blebs, a type of protrusion found in various cell types. Here we report on the mechanisms allowing the inflation of the membrane during bleb formation. We show that the rapid expansion of the protrusion depends on membrane invaginations that are localized preferentially at the cell front. The formation of these invaginations requires the function of Cdc42, and their unfolding allows bleb inflation and dynamic cell-shape changes performed by migrating cells. Inhibiting the formation and release of the invaginations strongly interfered with bleb formation, cell motility, and the ability of the cells to reach their target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Karina Mildner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Isabell Begemann
- Workgroup Nanoforces in Cells, Institute of Medical Physics und Biophysics, DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion' (EXC 1003), Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jamie Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, 333B Nanaline Duke Building, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Azadeh Paksa
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Blaser
- Germ Cell Development, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hartwig
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Workgroup Nanoforces in Cells, Institute of Medical Physics und Biophysics, DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion' (EXC 1003), Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, 333B Nanaline Duke Building, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Hörner F, Meissner R, Polali S, Pfeiffer J, Betz T, Denz C, Raz E. Holographic optical tweezers-based in vivo manipulations in zebrafish embryos. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:1492-1501. [PMID: 28164445 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding embryonic development requires the characterization of the forces and the mechanical features that shape cells and tissues within the organism. In addition, experimental application of forces on cells and altering cell and organelle shape allows determining the role such forces play in morphogenesis. Here, we present a holographic optical tweezers-based new microscopic platform for in vivo applications in the context of a developing vertebrate embryo that unlike currently used setups allows simultaneous trapping of multiple objects and rapid comparisons of viscoelastic properties in different locations. This non-invasive technique facilitates a dynamic analysis of mechanical properties of cells and tissues without intervening with embryonic development. We demonstrate the application of this platform for manipulating organelle shape and for characterizing the mechanobiological properties of cells in live zebrafish embryos. The method of holographic optical tweezers as described here is of general interest and can be easily transferred to studying a range of developmental processes in zebrafish, thereby establishing a versatile platform for similar investigations in other organisms. Fluorescent beads injected into zebrafish embryos at 1-cell stage are maintained within the embryos and do not affect their development as observed in the presented 1-day old embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hörner
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Meissner
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 2/4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sruthi Polali
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 2/4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Pfeiffer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Denz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 2/4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Stainier DYR, Raz E, Lawson ND, Ekker SC, Burdine RD, Eisen JS, Ingham PW, Schulte-Merker S, Yelon D, Weinstein BM, Mullins MC, Wilson SW, Ramakrishnan L, Amacher SL, Neuhauss SCF, Meng A, Mochizuki N, Panula P, Moens CB. Guidelines for morpholino use in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007000. [PMID: 29049395 PMCID: PMC5648102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZBME, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca D. Burdine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Eisen
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- The Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brant M. Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Mullins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon L. Amacher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Anming Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Litao M, Bhamra H, DeSousa K, Raz E, Nossek E, Favate A, Shapiro M, Becske T, Nelson P. E-027 Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Post-surgical Patients. J Neurointerv Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012589.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Otten ABC, Theunissen TEJ, Derhaag JG, Lambrichs EH, Boesten IBW, Winandy M, van Montfoort APA, Tarbashevich K, Raz E, Gerards M, Vanoevelen JM, van den Bosch BJC, Muller M, Smeets HJM. Differences in Strength and Timing of the mtDNA Bottleneck between Zebrafish Germline and Non-germline Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 16:622-30. [PMID: 27373161 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the mtDNA bottleneck in zebrafish to elucidate size, timing, and variation in germline and non-germline cells. Mature zebrafish oocytes contain, on average, 19.0 × 10(6) mtDNA molecules with high variation between oocytes. During embryogenesis, the mtDNA copy number decreases to ∼170 mtDNA molecules per primordial germ cell (PGC), a number similar to that in mammals, and to ∼50 per non-PGC. These occur at the same developmental stage, implying considerable variation in mtDNA copy number in (non-)PGCs of the same female, dictated by variation in the mature oocyte. The presence of oocytes with low mtDNA numbers, if similar in humans, could explain how (de novo) mutations can reach high mutation loads within a single generation. High mtDNA copy numbers in mature oocytes are established by mtDNA replication during oocyte development. Bottleneck differences between germline and non-germline cells, due to early differentiation of PGCs, may account for different distribution patterns of familial mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auke B C Otten
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tom E J Theunissen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Josien G Derhaag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen H Lambrichs
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris B W Boesten
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Winandy
- Laboratory of Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA-Research, Univérsité de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Aafke P A van Montfoort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute for Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Münster University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute for Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Münster University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mike Gerards
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD, the Netherlands
| | - Jo M Vanoevelen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca J C van den Bosch
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory of Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA-Research, Univérsité de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD, the Netherlands.
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47
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Paksa A, Bandemer J, Hoeckendorf B, Razin N, Tarbashevich K, Minina S, Meyen D, Biundo A, Leidel SA, Peyrieras N, Gov NS, Keller PJ, Raz E. Repulsive cues combined with physical barriers and cell-cell adhesion determine progenitor cell positioning during organogenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11288. [PMID: 27088892 PMCID: PMC4837475 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise positioning of organ progenitor cells constitutes an essential, yet poorly understood step during organogenesis. Using primordial germ cells that participate in gonad formation, we present the developmental mechanisms maintaining a motile progenitor cell population at the site where the organ develops. Employing high-resolution live-cell microscopy, we find that repulsive cues coupled with physical barriers confine the cells to the correct bilateral positions. This analysis revealed that cell polarity changes on interaction with the physical barrier and that the establishment of compact clusters involves increased cell–cell interaction time. Using particle-based simulations, we demonstrate the role of reflecting barriers, from which cells turn away on contact, and the importance of proper cell–cell adhesion level for maintaining the tight cell clusters and their correct positioning at the target region. The combination of these developmental and cellular mechanisms prevents organ fusion, controls organ positioning and is thus critical for its proper function. The precise positioning of organ progenitor cells is essential for organ development and function. Here the authors use live imaging and mathematical modelling to show that the confinement of a motile progenitor cell population results from coupled physical barriers and cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Paksa
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Street 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Bandemer
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Street 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Nitzan Razin
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Sofia Minina
- Germ Cell Development, Max-Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dana Meyen
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Street 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Antonio Biundo
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 54, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 54, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Nadine Peyrieras
- USR3695 BioEmergences, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nir S Gov
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Erez Raz
- Institute for Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Street 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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48
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Goudarzi M, Mildner K, Babatz F, Riedel D, Klämbt C, Zeuschner D, Raz E. Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy of Rare Cell Populations in Zebrafish Embryos Using Laser Marks. Zebrafish 2015; 12:470-3. [PMID: 26448280 PMCID: PMC4677546 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Goudarzi
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
| | - Karina Mildner
- 2 Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Babatz
- 3 Institute for Neurobiology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- 4 Electron Microscopy Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Klämbt
- 3 Institute for Neurobiology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- 2 Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
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49
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Shapiro M, Ollenschleger MD, Baccin C, Becske T, Spiegel GR, Wang Y, Song X, Raz E, Zumofen D, Potts MB, Nelson PK. Foreign Body Emboli following Cerebrovascular Interventions: Clinical, Radiographic, and Histopathologic Features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:2121-6. [PMID: 26294650 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Foreign material emboli following cerebral, cardiac, and peripheral catheterizations have been reported since the mid-1990s. Catheter coatings have been frequently implicated. The most recent surge of interest in this phenomenon within the neurointerventional community is associated with procedures using flow-diversion devices for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Following coil-supported Pipeline embolization in 4 cases and stent-supported coiling in 1, 5 patients developed multiple subcentimeter enhancing lesions, usually with surrounding edema and variable magnetic susceptibility in the vascular territories of the treated aneurysms. Conventional angiography findings were unrevealing. Laboratory work-up showed mild CSF protein elevation with no leukocytosis. Brain biopsy in 2 cases revealed granulomatous angiitis encasing foreign material, identical in stain appearance to a polyvinylpyrrolidone catheter coating. Corticosteroid administration typically produced clinical improvement. A heterogeneous radiographic and clinical course was noted, with rise and fall in the number of enhancing lesions in 2 patients and persistence in others. The etiology may be related to widespread adoption of increasingly sophisticated catheterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shapiro
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., M.D.O., T.B., E.R., D.Z., M.B.P., P.K.N.) Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, Neurology (M.S., T.B.)
| | - M D Ollenschleger
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., M.D.O., T.B., E.R., D.Z., M.B.P., P.K.N.)
| | - C Baccin
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (C.B.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Becske
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., M.D.O., T.B., E.R., D.Z., M.B.P., P.K.N.) Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, Neurology (M.S., T.B.)
| | | | - Y Wang
- Department of Rheumatology (Y.W.), Grove Hill Medical Center and The Hospital of Central Connecticut, New Britain, Connecticut
| | - X Song
- Pathology (X.S.), Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - E Raz
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., M.D.O., T.B., E.R., D.Z., M.B.P., P.K.N.)
| | - D Zumofen
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., M.D.O., T.B., E.R., D.Z., M.B.P., P.K.N.) Neurosurgery (D.Z. M.B.P., P.K.N.), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M B Potts
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., M.D.O., T.B., E.R., D.Z., M.B.P., P.K.N.) Neurosurgery (D.Z. M.B.P., P.K.N.), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - P K Nelson
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.S., M.D.O., T.B., E.R., D.Z., M.B.P., P.K.N.) Neurosurgery (D.Z. M.B.P., P.K.N.), New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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50
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Paksa A, Raz E. Zebrafish germ cells: motility and guided migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:80-5. [PMID: 26232877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the course of embryonic development, the process of cell migration is critical for establishment of the embryonic body plan, for morphogenesis and for organ function. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying cell migration is thus crucial for understanding developmental processes and clinical conditions resulting from abnormal cell migration such as cancer metastasis. The long-range migration of primordial germ cells toward the region at which the gonad develops occurs in embryos of various species and thus constitutes a useful in vivo model for single-cell migration. Recent studies employing zebrafish embryos have greatly contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms facilitating the migration of these cells en route to their target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Paksa
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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