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Parks DF, Voitiuk K, Geng J, Elliott MAT, Keefe MG, Jung EA, Robbins A, Baudin PV, Ly VT, Hawthorne N, Yong D, Sanso SE, Rezaee N, Sevetson JL, Seiler ST, Currie R, Pollen AA, Hengen KB, Nowakowski TJ, Mostajo-Radji MA, Salama SR, Teodorescu M, Haussler D. IoT cloud laboratory: Internet of Things architecture for cellular biology. Internet Things (Amst) 2022; 20:100618. [PMID: 37383277 PMCID: PMC10305744 DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2022.100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a simple framework to control online devices easily. IoT is now a commonplace tool used by technology companies but is rarely used in biology experiments. IoT can benefit cloud biology research through alarm notifications, automation, and the real-time monitoring of experiments. We developed an IoT architecture to control biological devices and implemented it in lab experiments. Lab devices for electrophysiology, microscopy, and microfluidics were created from the ground up to be part of a unified IoT architecture. The system allows each device to be monitored and controlled from an online web tool. We present our IoT architecture so other labs can replicate it for their own experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Parks
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kateryna Voitiuk
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jinghui Geng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Matthew A T Elliott
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Matthew G Keefe
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Erik A Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ash Robbins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Pierre V Baudin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Victoria T Ly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nico Hawthorne
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Dylan Yong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sebastian E Sanso
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nick Rezaee
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jess L Sevetson
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Spencer T Seiler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rob Currie
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Keith B Hengen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sofie R Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Ly VT, Baudin PV, Pansodtee P, Jung EA, Voitiuk K, Rosen YM, Willsey HR, Mantalas GL, Seiler ST, Selberg JA, Cordero SA, Ross JM, Rolandi M, Pollen AA, Nowakowski TJ, Haussler D, Mostajo-Radji MA, Salama SR, Teodorescu M. Picroscope: low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1261. [PMID: 34737378 PMCID: PMC8569150 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous longitudinal imaging across multiple conditions and replicates has been crucial for scientific studies aiming to understand biological processes and disease. Yet, imaging systems capable of accomplishing these tasks are economically unattainable for most academic and teaching laboratories around the world. Here, we propose the Picroscope, which is the first low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging made primarily using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed materials. The Picroscope is compatible with standard 24-well cell culture plates and captures 3D z-stack image data. The Picroscope can be controlled remotely, allowing for automatic imaging with minimal intervention from the investigator. Here, we use this system in a range of applications. We gathered longitudinal whole organism image data for frogs, zebrafish, and planaria worms. We also gathered image data inside an incubator to observe 2D monolayers and 3D mammalian tissue culture models. Using this tool, we can measure the behavior of entire organisms or individual cells over long-time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T Ly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Pierre V Baudin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Erik A Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Kateryna Voitiuk
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Yohei M Rosen
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Helen Rankin Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gary L Mantalas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Spencer T Seiler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - John A Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sergio A Cordero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Jayden M Ross
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sofie R Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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Byun J, Heard JM, Huh JE, Park SJ, Jung EA, Jeong JO, Gwon HC, Kim DK. Efficient expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene in vitro and in vivo, using an adeno-associated virus vector. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2001; 33:295-305. [PMID: 11162134 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has proven to be one of the most effective growth factors for therapeutic angiogenesis. The biological efficacy of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector has recently been demonstrated in muscle tissues, including the heart. Apart from these promising insights into VEGF and the AAV vector, studies on VEGF gene transfer using the AAV vector have been limited. Here, we evaluate AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer, both in vitro and in vivo, using the AAV-mVEGF vector that contains cDNA for murine VEGF(120) within an HCMV-driven expression cassette. Transient transfection of AAV-mVEGF plasmid significantly increased mVEGF expression in 293T cells. The secreted VEGF in the conditioned medium had strong biological activity, as confirmed by the Miles' vascular permeability assay. Transduction of 293T and HeLa cells with AAV-mVEGF stock of high titer, that is essentially adenovirus-free, showed significantly increased mVEGF expression above that of AAV-eGFP-transduced cells. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells were transduced, a higher level of mVEGF expression, together with higher cell counts, was observed compared to AAV-eGFP-transduced cells. In vivo transduction of mouse tibialis anterior muscle resulted in an increased level of mVEGF expression, and higher capillary-to-myofibre ratio, 8 weeks post-transduction. In a rat hindlimb ischemia model, regional blood flow, as well as the capillary-to-myofibre ratio, was significantly increased at 4 weeks post-transduction. These findings demonstrate the efficient delivery of the VEGF gene using an AAV vector, which has implications for angiogenic gene therapy in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Byun
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 135-230, Korea
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Byun J, Kim SH, Kim SZ, Heard JM, Huh JE, Choe YH, Park SJ, Jung EA, Kim DK. Ectopic expression of active processed form of atrial natriuretic peptide in skeletal myoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 270:637-42. [PMID: 10753676 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone that elicits a profound diuresis, natriuresis, and hypotension. As a preliminary study toward ANP gene therapy of cardiovascular disorders, we have cloned a cDNA for mouse preproANP and carried out expression studies in muscle cells. The expression cassette, which was flanked by ITRs from AAV-2, consisted of HCMV IE enhancer/promoter, preproANP gene, and polyadenylation signal from bovine growth hormone. We transfected this expression vector into primary skeletal myoblasts and examined the following points: (1) secretion of immunoreactive ANP, (2) biological activity, and (3) nature of secreted ANP(s). The conditioned media from cells transfected with ANP vector had significantly higher levels of irANP in comparison to mock control. The secreted irANP had biological activity as confirmed by the elevated level of intracellular cGMP in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis showed that the processed form of ANP was the predominant form. These results demonstrate that preproANP gene could be ectopically expressed and correctly processed in skeletal myoblasts, which has implications for development of muscle-based ANP gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Byun
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn MY, Shin KH, Kim DH, Jung EA, Toida T, Linhardt RJ, Kim YS. Characterization of a Bacteroides species from human intestine that degrades glycosaminoglycans. Can J Microbiol 1998; 44:423-9. [PMID: 9699297 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-44-5-423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide lyases that can degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were identified in an anaerobic strain living in the human intestine. The strain was isolated from the stool of a healthy male and identified as Bacteroides sp. strain HJ-15. A detailed taxonomical study indicated the species is a strain of Bacteroides stercoris. The isolate was cultured and the polysaccharide lyase activity was partially purified. This enzyme preparation could act on GAGs containing either glucosamine or galactosamine suggesting the presence of both heparinases and chondroitinases. Various GAGs were incubated with the partially purified enzyme and the products formed were analyzed by strong anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These studies demonstrated the presence of at least two types of polysaccharide lyases: heparin lyase and chondroitin sulfate lyase. The eliminative mechanism of these lyase enzymes was confirmed through the isolation of unsaturated disaccharide products. The heparin lyase acted on both heparin and acharan sulfate, a GAG recently isolated from Achatina fulica. The Bacteroides chondroitin lyase, acted on chondroitin sulfates A, B (dermatan sulfate), and C, resembling chondroitin lyase ABC. The presence of a GAG-degrading organism in human intestine may pose problems for the effective oral administration of GAG drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Ahn
- Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea
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Kim DH, Jung EA, Sohng IS, Han JA, Kim TH, Han MJ. Intestinal bacterial metabolism of flavonoids and its relation to some biological activities. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:17-23. [PMID: 9875509 DOI: 10.1007/bf03216747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides were metabolized to phenolic acids via aglycones by human intestinal microflora producing alpha-rhamnosidase, exo-beta-glucosidase, endo-beta-glucosidase and/or beta-glucuronidase. Rutin, hesperidin, naringin and poncirin were transformed to their aglycones by the bacteria producing alpha-rhamnosidase and beta-glucosidase or endo-beta-glucosidase, and baicalin, puerarin and daidzin were transformed to their aglycones by the bacteria producing beta-glucuronidase, C-glycosidase and beta-glycosidase, respectively. Anti-platelet activity and cytotoxicity of the metabolites of flavonoid glycosides by human intestinal bacteria were more effective than those of the parental compounds. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyl-phenylacetic acid were more effective than rutin and quercetin on anti-platelet aggregation activity. 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde, quercetin and ponciretin were more effective than rutin and ponciretin on the cytotoxicity for tumor cell lines. We insist that these flavonoid glycosides should be natural prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim DH, Jin YH, Jung EA, Han MJ, Kobashi K. Purification and characterization of beta-glucuronidase from Escherichia coli HGU-3, a human intestinal bacterium. Biol Pharm Bull 1995; 18:1184-8. [PMID: 8845801 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
beta-Glucuronidase was purified 360-fold from Escherichia coli HGU-3, an human intestinal bacterium. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 17.78 units/mg protein. The enzyme (M.W. 290000) is composed of four subunits (M.W. 72000) with a pI and optimal pH of 4.8 and 6-7, respectively. The apparent Km for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide was found to be 0.22 mM. The enzyme was inhibited by saccharic acid 1,4-lactone, glycyrrhizin, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (PCMS). Using the bile containing bilirubin diglucuronide as a substrate, the purified beta-glucuronidase was able to hydrolyze it to bilirubin. This hydrolyzed bilirubin formed calcium bilirubinate with a reaction mixture containing CaCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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