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Stafford E, Dimitrov D, Ceballos R, Campelia G, Matrajt L. Retrospective analysis of equity-based optimization for COVID-19 vaccine allocation. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad283. [PMID: 37693211 PMCID: PMC10492235 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Marginalized racial and ethnic groups in the United States were disproportionally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To study these disparities, we construct an age-and-race-stratified mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission fitted to age-and-race-stratified data from 2020 in Oregon and analyze counterfactual vaccination strategies in early 2021. We consider two racial groups: non-Hispanic White persons and persons belonging to BIPOC groups (including non-Hispanic Black persons, non-Hispanic Asian persons, non-Hispanic American-Indian or Alaska-Native persons, and Hispanic or Latino persons). We allocate a limited amount of vaccine to minimize overall disease burden (deaths or years of life lost), inequity in disease outcomes between racial groups (measured with five different metrics), or both. We find that, when allocating small amounts of vaccine (10% coverage), there is a trade-off between minimizing disease burden and minimizing inequity. Older age groups, who are at a greater risk of severe disease and death, are prioritized when minimizing measures of disease burden, and younger BIPOC groups, who face the most inequities, are prioritized when minimizing measures of inequity. The allocation strategies that minimize combinations of measures can produce middle-ground solutions that similarly improve both disease burden and inequity, but the trade-off can only be mitigated by increasing the vaccine supply. With enough resources to vaccinate 20% of the population the trade-off lessens, and with 30% coverage, we can optimize both equity and mortality. Our goal is to provide a race-conscious framework to quantify and minimize inequity that can be used for future pandemics and other public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Stafford
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dobromir Dimitrov
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Ceballos
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Georgina Campelia
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Matrajt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Stafford E, Dimitrov D, Ceballos R, Campelia G, Matrajt L. Retrospective Analysis of Equity-Based Optimization for COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.08.23289679. [PMID: 37214988 PMCID: PMC10197793 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.23289679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Marginalized racial and ethnic groups in the United States were disproportionally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To study these disparities, we construct an age-and-race-stratified mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission fitted to age-and-race-stratified data from 2020 in Oregon and analyze counter-factual vaccination strategies in early 2021. We consider two racial groups: non-Hispanic White persons and persons belonging to BIPOC groups (including non-Hispanic Black persons, non-Hispanic Asian persons, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons, and Hispanic or Latino persons). We allocate a limited amount of vaccine to minimize overall disease burden (deaths or years of life lost), inequity in disease outcomes between racial groups (measured with five different metrics), or both. We find that, when allocating small amounts of vaccine (10% coverage), there is a trade-off between minimizing disease burden and minimizing inequity. Older age groups, who are at a greater risk of severe disease and death, are prioritized when minimizing measures of disease burden, and younger BIPOC groups, who face the most inequities, are prioritized when minimizing measures of inequity. The allocation strategies that minimize combinations of measures can produce middle-ground solutions that similarly improve both disease burden and inequity, but the trade-off can only be mitigated by increasing the vaccine supply. With enough resources to vaccinate 20% of the population the trade-off lessens, and with 30% coverage, we can optimize both equity and mortality. Our goal is to provide a race-conscious framework to quantify and minimize inequity that can be used for future pandemics and other public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Stafford
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dobromir Dimitrov
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel Ceballos
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Georgina Campelia
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Laura Matrajt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
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Stafford E, Kot M. Optimal reduced-mixing for an SIS infectious-disease model. J Biol Dyn 2022; 16:746-765. [PMID: 36415142 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2022.2148764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Which reduced-mixing strategy maximizes economic output during a disease outbreak? To answer this question, we formulate an optimal-control problem that maximizes the difference between revenue, due to healthy individuals, and medical costs, associated with infective individuals, for SIS disease dynamics. The control variable is the level of mixing in the population, which influences both revenue and the spread of the disease. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle, we find a closed-form solution for our problem. We explore an example of our problem with parameters for the transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cows, and we perform sensitivity analyses to determine how model parameters affect optimal strategies. We find that less mixing is preferable when the transmission rate is high, the per-capita recovery rate is low, or when the revenue parameter is much smaller than the cost parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Stafford
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Kot
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lloyd CS, Stafford E, McKinnon MC, Rabellino D, D'Andrea W, Densmore M, Thome J, Neufeld RWJ, Lanius RA. Mapping alexithymia: Level of emotional awareness differentiates emotion-specific somatosensory maps. Child Abuse Negl 2021; 113:104919. [PMID: 33476805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotions have been associated with culturally universal and distinct bodily sensation "maps". Despite this knowledge, to date few studies have explored emotion-specific topography along clinically relevant dimensions, such as alexithymia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate emotion-specific topographies among individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment or neglect with absent (n = 51) or with probable (n = 46) alexithymia in adulthood, as defined by scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Ninety eight adult participants with exposure to childhood maltreatment or neglect were recruited to complete an online survey. METHODS Using the well-validated emBODY tool (Nummenmaa et al., 2014), participants reported on their somatic experience of 17 emotions. RESULTS Random effects analyses revealed topographically distinct bodily sensation t-maps that differentiated participants who endorsed probable alexithymia from those who did not (p-FDR < .05). Consistent with our a priori hypothesis, the probable alexithymia group reported a muted, diffuse and undifferentiated pattern of emotion-specific bodily sensation, whereas the non-alexithymia group reported a more distinct and localized pattern. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that difficulty identifying and labeling emotions, as observed in alexithymia, may arise, in part, from an altered perception of somatic activation. It is well-established that childhood maltreatment predicts the development of alexithymia symptoms. The preliminary findings presented here expand our working understanding of the physical markers of childhood trauma, which may be used in practice to aid detection and to monitor treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle S Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Homewood Health, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Stafford
- The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Homewood Health, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Rabellino
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Department, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Department, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janine Thome
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard W J Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Imaging Department, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Homewood Health, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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DePierro J, D'Andrea W, Spinazzola J, Stafford E, van Der Kolk B, Saxe G, Stolbach B, McKernan S, Ford JD. Beyond PTSD: Client presentations of developmental trauma disorder from a national survey of clinicians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:1167-1174. [DOI: 10.1037/tra0000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rest A, Scolnic D, Foley RJ, Huber ME, Chornock R, Narayan G, Tonry JL, Berger E, Soderberg AM, Stubbs CW, Riess A, Kirshner RP, Smartt SJ, Schlafly E, Rodney S, Botticella MT, Brout D, Challis P, Czekala I, Drout M, Hudson MJ, Kotak R, Leibler C, Lunnan R, Marion GH, McCrum M, Milisavljevic D, Pastorello A, Sanders NE, Smith K, Stafford E, Thilker D, Valenti S, Wood-Vasey WM, Zheng Z, Burgett WS, Chambers KC, Denneau L, Draper PW, Flewelling H, Hodapp KW, Kaiser N, Kudritzki RP, Magnier EA, Metcalfe N, Price PA, Sweeney W, Wainscoat R, Waters C. COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM MEASUREMENTS OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE DISCOVERED DURING THE FIRST 1.5 yr OF THE Pan-STARRS1 SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/795/1/44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Scolnic D, Rest A, Riess A, Huber ME, Foley RJ, Brout D, Chornock R, Narayan G, Tonry JL, Berger E, Soderberg AM, Stubbs CW, Kirshner RP, Rodney S, Smartt SJ, Schlafly E, Botticella MT, Challis P, Czekala I, Drout M, Hudson MJ, Kotak R, Leibler C, Lunnan R, Marion GH, McCrum M, Milisavljevic D, Pastorello A, Sanders NE, Smith K, Stafford E, Thilker D, Valenti S, Wood-Vasey WM, Zheng Z, Burgett WS, Chambers KC, Denneau L, Draper PW, Flewelling H, Hodapp KW, Kaiser N, Kudritzki RP, Magnier EA, Metcalfe N, Price PA, Sweeney W, Wainscoat R, Waters C. SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE COSMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST PAN-STARRS1 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA SAMPLE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/795/1/45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Reutter L, Paul P, Sales A, Jerke H, Lee A, McColl M, Stafford E, Visram A. Incorporating a research apprenticeship model in a Canadian nursing Honors Program. Nurse Educ Today 2010; 30:562-567. [PMID: 20031283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the development of a BScN (Honors) Program in a large Canadian university. We describe the elements of the program, including the application of a research apprenticeship model as the core of the program. We provide examples of student learning experiences culminating in the Honors project. Recruitment, balancing clinical and research interests, financial support, and manageability of the Honors project emerged as key challenges in our first offerings of the program. Overall, students perceived that experiential research learning enhanced their research skills, increased appreciation of the process and outcomes of nursing research, and inspired confidence to pursue graduate education. We conclude that an apprenticeship model providing students with experiential research learning with established faculty researchers is an effective and efficient way to deliver the Honors Program in the context of a research-intensive nursing faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Reutter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3.
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Cummings GG, MacGregor T, Davey M, Lee H, Wong CA, Lo E, Muise M, Stafford E. Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 47:363-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cummings G, Lee H, Macgregor T, Davey M, Wong C, Paul L, Stafford E. Factors contributing to nursing leadership: A systematic review. J Health Serv Res Policy 2008; 13:240-8. [DOI: 10.1258/jhsrp.2008.007154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:Leadership practices of health care managers can positively or negatively influence outcomes for organizations, providers and, ultimately, patients. Understanding the factors that contribute to nursing leadership is fundamental to ensuring a future supply of nursing leaders who can positively influence outcomes for health care providers and patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the multidisciplinary literature to examine the factors that contribute to nursing leadership and the effectiveness of educational interventions in developing leadership behaviours among nurses.Methods:The search strategy began with 10 electronic databases (e.g. CINAHL, Medline). Published quantitative studies were included that examined the factors that contribute to leadership or the development of leadership behaviours in nurse leaders. Quality assessments, data extraction and analysis were completed on all included studies.Results:A total of 27,717 titles/abstracts were screened resulting in 26 included manuscripts reporting on 24 studies. Twenty leadership factors were examined and categorized into four groups - behaviours and practices of individual leaders, traits and characteristics of individual leaders, influences of context and practice settings, and leader participation in educational activities. Specific behaviours and practices of individual leaders, such as taking on or practising leadership styles, skills and roles, were reported as significantly influencing leadership in eight studies. Traits and characteristics of individual leaders were examined in six studies with previous leadership experience (three studies) and education levels (two of three studies) having positive effects on observed leadership. Context and practice settings had a moderate influence on leadership effectiveness (three of five studies). Nine studies that examined participation in leadership development programs all reported significant positive influences on observed leadership.Conclusion:These findings suggest that leadership can be developed through specific educational activities, and by modelling and practising leadership competencies. However, the relatively weak study designs provide limited evidence for specific factors that could increase the effectiveness of current nursing leadership or guide the identification of future nurse leaders. Robust theory and research on interventions to develop and promote viable nursing leadership for the future are needed to achieve the goal of developing healthy work environments for health care providers and optimizing care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - How Lee
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Alberta
| | | | - Mandy Davey
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Alberta
- Bonnyville Health Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Wong
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Alberta
- School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Paul
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Alberta
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Sanguineti G, Califano J, Zhou J, Stafford E, Koch W, Tufano R, Gourin C, Sormani M, Marur S, Forastiere A. Defining the Risk of Involvement for each Neck Nodal Level in Patients with Early T-stage/Node-positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Susi P, Goldberg M, Barnes P, Stafford E. The use of a task-based exposure assessment model (T-BEAM) for assessment of metal fume exposures during welding and thermal cutting. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2000; 15:26-38. [PMID: 10660986 DOI: 10.1080/104732200301827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated disease rates have been documented among construction workers for cancer, pneumonoconiosis, asbestosis, and silicosis. However, methodologies for exposure assessment in construction are not well described in the U.S. literature. Working through a cooperative agreement with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Center to Protect Workers' Rights--a research arm of the Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO--has developed and used a "Task-Based Exposure Assessment Model (T-BEAM)" for construction. The characteristic elements of T-BEAM are: (1) an emphasis on the identification, implementation, and evaluation of engineering and work practice controls; and (2) use of experienced, specially trained construction workers (construction safety and health specialists) in the exposure assessment process. A task-based approach was used because tasks, or specialized skills, form the single greatest thread of continuity in the dynamic environment of construction. Workers in the construction industry come from several crafts and are typically employed by a large number of contractors throughout their career. Project types (e.g., residential or industrial rehabilitation) are also highly variable and present unique health risks. Finally, because construction involves building, renovating, or dismantling physical surroundings, the work site is constantly changing. Between 1995 and 1996, T-BEAM was applied to the collection of approximately 200 personal exposure measurements associated with "hot work tasks"--welding and thermal cutting. Data were collected with the assistance of specially trained, journeyman ironworkers, pipe fitters, and boilermakers on nine construction sites located throughout the United States. Portable local exhaust ventilation was provided to participating contractors with the intent of measuring its impact on exposure. Results indicate that data collected in a standardized, systematic fashion from multiple work sites can be used to characterize exposures among sampled trades. Comparison of results to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) demonstrate a significant health hazard among sampled trades posed by welding and thermal cutting fume, manganese, nickel, and chromium VI. Direct estimates of the probability of exceeding the ACGIH TLV for respirable particulate suggests that boilermakers (100%) and ironworkers (71%) are at greatest risk. Other task variables evaluated with respect to exposure include task, whether work was performed indoors or outdoors, intermittency of work, and use of ventilation. Use of local or mechanical ventilation reduced mean exposures to fumes significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Susi
- Center to Protect Workers' Rights, Washington, D.C., USA
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Abstract
Can violent offenders who commit acts of instrumental aggression for goal-oriented purposes such as robbery be distinguished from those who commit acts of reactive (or hostile) aggression in response to provocation? Because violent offenders often have a history of both instrumental and reactive aggression, this study distinguished between offenders with a history of at least 1 instrumental violent offense and offenders with a history of reactive violent offenses. Two studies tested the hypothesis that instrumental offenders would score higher than reactive offenders and nonviolent offenders on R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist. The first study sample consisted of 106 violent and nonviolent offenders recruited from a medium-security correctional facility. The second study sample consisted of 50 violent offenders referred for pretrial forensic evaluation. In both samples, instrumental offenders could be reliably distinguished from reactive offenders on the basis of violent crime behavior and level of psychopathy. Group differences could not be attributed to participant age, race, length of incarceration, or extent of prior criminal record.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Cornell
- Program in Clinical Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903-2495, USA
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Abstract
Can violent offenders who commit acts of instrumental aggression for goal-oriented purposes such as robbery be distinguished from those who commit acts of reactive (or hostile) aggression in response to provocation? Because violent offenders often have a history of both instrumental and reactive aggression, this study distinguished between offenders with a history of at least 1 instrumental violent offense and offenders with a history of reactive violent offenses. Two studies tested the hypothesis that instrumental offenders would score higher than reactive offenders and nonviolent offenders on R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist. The first study sample consisted of 106 violent and nonviolent offenders recruited from a medium-security correctional facility. The second study sample consisted of 50 violent offenders referred for pretrial forensic evaluation. In both samples, instrumental offenders could be reliably distinguished from reactive offenders on the basis of violent crime behavior and level of psychopathy. Group differences could not be attributed to participant age, race, length of incarceration, or extent of prior criminal record.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Cornell
- Program in Clinical Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903-2495, USA
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Bertini I, Viezzoli MS, Luchinat C, Stafford E, Cardin AD, Behnke WD, Bhattacharyya L, Brewer CF. Circular dichroism and 1H NMR studies of Co2+- and Ni2+-substituted concanavalin A and the lentil and pea lectins. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:16985-94. [PMID: 3680286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and magnetic circular dichroism spectra have been recorded for the Ca2+-Co2+ derivatives of the lentil (CCoLcH) and pea (CCoPSA) lectins (Co2+ at the S1 sites and Ca2+ at the S2 sites) and shown to be very similar for both proteins. The visible absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra indicate similar octahedral geometries for high spin Co2+ at S1 in both proteins, as found in the Ca2+-Co2+ complex of concanavalin A (CCoPL) (Richardson, C. E., and Behnke, W. D. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 102, 441-451). The visible CD data, however, indicate differences in the environment around S1 of CCoLcH and CCoPSA compared to CCoPL. 1H NMR spectra at 90 MHz of the Co2+ and Ni2+ derivatives of the lectins show a number of isotropically shifted signals which arise from protons in the immediate vicinity of the S1 sites. Analysis of the spectra of the Co2+ derivatives in H2O and D2O has permitted resonance assignments of the side chain ring protons of the coordinated histidine at S1 in the lectins. Differences are observed in the H-D exchange rate of the histidine NH proton at S1 in concanavalin A compared to the lentil and pea lectins. NMR data of the Ni2+-substituted proteins, together with spectra of the Co2+ derivatives, also indicate that the side chains of a carboxylate ligand and of the histidine residue at S1 are positioned differently in concanavalin A than in the other two lectins. These results appear to account, in part, for the differences observed in the visible CD spectra of the Co2+-substituted proteins. In addition, binding of monosaccharides does not significantly perturb the spectra of the lectins. An unusual feature in the 1H NMR spectra of all three Co2+-substituted lectins is the presence of two exchangeable downfield shifted resonances which appear to be associated with the two protons of a slowly exchanging water molecule coordinated to the Ca2+ ion at S2. T1 measurements of CCoLcH have provided an estimation of the distances from the Co2+ ion to these two protons of 3.7 and 4.0 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bertini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Italy
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Abstract
A recent method has been developed to effect metal ion substitution at the Mn2+ site in the lentil lectin (Bhattacharyya et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124, 857-862). We report here the preparation of cobalt substituted lentil lectin, containing Co2+ at the S1 site and Ca2+ at the S2 site. The cobalt derivative possesses full saccharide binding activity and can be used for spectroscopic studies. The near UV and visible CD spectra of the derivative are shown, and its spectral properties are compared with various cobalt complexes of concanavalin A.
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Stafford E. Cooperative programs cutting costs, accidents in construction. Occup Health Saf 1985; 54:40-3. [PMID: 3982761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Donovan GE, Stafford E. Vision, Photography and Electronics in Radiology [ Précis]. Proc R Soc Med 1958. [DOI: 10.1177/003591575805100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Donovan GE, Stafford E. Vision, Photography and Electronics in Radiology [Précis]. Proc R Soc Med 1958; 51:126. [PMID: 19993950 PMCID: PMC1889571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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