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Wang J, Liu C, Yang H, Li X, Hong J, Liu M, Sun B, Guan E, Zheng X. Impact of pre-meal immersion on multi-scale structural changes and starch digestibility of cooked dried noodles. Food Funct 2024; 15:3108-3121. [PMID: 38421019 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04289h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pre-meal immersion is a common process for both the consumption of dried noodles and development of takeaway noodles, but its impact on the structure and digestibility of dried noodles is still unclear. In this study, dried noodles cooked for the optimal time were immersed at 80 °C for different time durations. Multi-scale structural changes, including texture, molecular structure, microstructure, and in vitro starch digestibility were studied using a combination of kinetic (first-order exponential decay function, the Peleg model, and LOS plots), physicochemical, and microscopic analysis. The relationship between multi-scale structural changes and starch digestibility was derived. As the immersion progressed, the hardness first rapidly decayed and then reached equilibrium. The decay rate in the initial stage depended on the gluten content. In most cases, the immersion process caused depolymerization of gluten proteins and further gelatinization of starch granules, which was observed from an increase in the free -SH content and decrease in the short-range ordered structure, although there were fluctuations over immersion time. Structural changes resulted in the corresponding changes in substance migration. However, a high gluten content (∼15% w/w) imparted a denser microstructure to the noodles, weakening the deterioration effects compared with a low gluten content (∼10% w/w). In vitro digestion experiments proved that samples with higher gluten content had higher starch digestion rates and lower starch digestion extent during immersion. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a negative correlation between k1 and the tightness of the gel. This study helps to reveal the structural mechanisms of starch digestibility in cooked noodles during immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Chong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Hanrui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Xuedong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Hong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Binghua Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Xueling Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
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2
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Wang R, Li M, Jin R, Liu Y, Guan E, Mohamed SR, Bian K. Interactions among the composition changes in fungal communities and the main mycotoxins in simulated stored wheat grains. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:373-382. [PMID: 37587089 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are significant food safety risks associated with wheat spoilage due to fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination. Nevertheless, a few studies have examined how stored wheat grain microbial communities and mycotoxins vary in different storage conditions. In this study, changes in deoxynivalenol (DON) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) content were measured with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and an amplicon sequence analysis of fungi was performed on stored wheat grains from different storage conditions using high-throughput sequencing. The detailed interactions among the composition changes in the fungal community and the DON content of simulated stored wheat grains were also analyzed. RESULTS Alternaria, Fusarium, Mrakia, and Aspergillus were the core fungal taxa, and the fungal communities of samples stored under different conditions were observed to be different. Aspergillus relative abundances increased, whereas Fusarium decreased. This led to an increase in the content of DON. The content of DON increased about 67% with 12% moisture and at 25 °C after 2 months of storage, which was influenced by the stress response of Fusarium. Correlations in fungal and mycotoxins changes were observed. There may be potential value in these findings for developing control strategies to prevent mildew infestations and mycotoxins contamination during grain storage. CONCLUSION In storage, the more the fungal community composition and the relative abundance of Fusarium change, the more mycotoxins will be produced. We should therefore reduce competition between fungal communities through pre-storage treatment and through measures during storage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sherif Ramzy Mohamed
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Guo J, Qi X, Liu Y, Guan E, Wen J, Bian K. Structure-activity relationship between gluten and dough quality of sprouted wheat flour based on air classification-induced component recombination. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:6905-6911. [PMID: 37312439 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air classification can separate sprouted wheat flour (SWF) into three types: coarse wheat flour (F1), medium wheat flour (F2) and fine wheat flour (F3). The gluten quality of SWF can be indirectly improved by removing inferior parts (F3). In order to reveal the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon, the composition and structural changes of gluten, as well as the rheological properties and fermentation characteristics of gluten in recombinant dough in the process of air classification of all three SWF types, were analyzed in this study. RESULTS Overall, sprouting significantly reduced the content of high-molecular-weight subunits, such as glutenin subunit and ω-gliadin. It also destroyed the structural content, such as disulfide bonds, α-helix and β-turn contents, which maintained the stability of gluten gel. Air classification made the above changes in F3 more severe but reversed them in F1. Moreover, rheological properties were more affected by gluten composition, whereas fermentation characteristics were more affected by gluten structure. CONCLUSION After air classification, particles rich in high molecular weight subunits from SWF are enriched in F1, and the gluten of F1 has more secondary structure that maintain gel stability, which ultimately lead to improved rheology properties and fermentation characteristics. F3 relatively exhibits the opppsite phenomenon. These results further reveal the potential mechanism of improvement of SWF gluten by air classification. Moreover, Thus, this study provides new perspectives for the utilization of SWF. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiao Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erqi Guan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiping Wen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Bian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Liu Y, Li M, Guan E, Liu Y, Bian K, Zhang Y. Modification of Soft Wheat Protein for Improving Cake Quality by Superheated Steam Treatment of Wheat Grain. Foods 2023; 12:2992. [PMID: 37627991 PMCID: PMC10453575 DOI: 10.3390/foods12162992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many varieties of soft wheat in China cannot fully satisfy the requirements of making high-quality cakes due to their undesirable protein properties, which leads to shortages of high-quality soft wheat flour. Therefore, a modification of soft wheat protein is essential for improving the quality of soft wheat and thus improving cake quality. In order to modify the protein properties of soft wheat used for cake production, superheated steam (SS) was used to treat soft wheat grains at 165 °C and 190 °C for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min, respectively, followed by the milling of wheat grains to obtain refined wheat flour. The properties of proteins and cakes were analyzed using refined wheat flour as materials. First, changes in the structures of wheat proteins were analyzed by determining the solubility, molecular weight distribution and secondary structure of proteins in wheat flour. Secondly, changes in the functional properties of proteins were analyzed by determining the foaming properties and emulsifying properties of proteins in wheat flour. Finally, the specific volume and texture of cakes with wheat flour milled from SS-treated wheat were analyzed. At the initial stage of SS treatment, some of the gliadin and glutenin aggregated, and the gluten macro-polymer (GMP) contents increased. This allowed a more stable gluten network to form during dough kneading, leading to an improvement in dough elasticity. In addition, a short time period (1-3 min) of SS treatment improved the emulsifying properties and foaming ability of wheat protein, which helped to improve the specific volume and texture of cakes. Increasing the SS temperature from 165 °C to 190 °C reduced the optimal treatment time needed to improve cake quality from 3 min to 1 min. SS treatment for longer time (>3 min) periods led to severe protein aggregation and a decrease in the foaming ability and emulsifying properties of protein, which led to a deterioration in the cake quality. Thus, SS treatment at 165 °C for 1-3 min and 190 °C for 1 min could be a suitable method of improving the physicochemical properties of soft wheat used to make cakes with high specific volumes and good texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Yingquan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Beijing 100193, China;
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5
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Liu Y, Li M, Jiang D, Guan E, Bian K, Zhang Y. Superheated steam processing of cereals and cereal products: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1360-1386. [PMID: 36789799 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The concept of superheated steam (SS) was proposed over a century ago and has been widely studied as a drying method. SS processing of cereals and cereal products has been extensively studied in recent years for its advantages of higher drying rates above the inversion temperature, oxygen-free environment, energy conservation, and environmental protection. This review provides a brief introduction to the history, principles, and classification of SS. The applications of SS processing in the drying, enzymatic inactivation, sterilization, mycotoxin degradation, roasting, and cooking of cereals and cereal products are summarized and discussed. Moreover, the effects of SS processing on the physicochemical properties of cereals and the qualities of cereal foods are reviewed and discussed. The applications of SS for cereal processing and its effects on cereal properties have been extensively studied; however, issues such as the browning of cereal foods, thermal damage of starch, protein denaturation, and nutrition loss have not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, further studies are required to better understand the mechanism of the quality changes caused by SS processing and to expand the fields of application of SS in the cereal processing industry. This review enhances the understanding of SS processing and presents theoretical suggestions for promoting SS processing to improve the safety and quality of cereals and cereal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingquan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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6
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Guan E, Zhang T, Wu K, Yang Y, Bian K. Physicochemical properties and gluten structures of frozen steamed bread dough under freeze–thaw treatment affected by gamma-polyglutamic acid. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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7
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Li M, Wang R, Wang H, Cao X, Cheng Y, Guan E, Bian K. Effect of microwave—Chemical modification on properties of soybean meal‐based wood adhesive. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Haijie Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinhua Cao
- Zhengzhou BIO Technology Development Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Zhengzhou BIO Technology Development Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou China
| | - Erqi Guan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Ke Bian
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
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8
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Zhang T, Guan E, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Bian K. Comparison and mechanism analysis of the changes in viscoelasticity and texture of fresh noodles induced by wheat flour lipids. Food Chem 2022; 397:133567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Zhang T, Guan E, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liu Y, Bian K. Underlying mechanism governing the influence of peanut oil addition on wheat dough viscoelasticity and Chinese steamed bread quality. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Xiong X, Wang J, Liu C, Zheng X, Bian K, Guan E. Quality changes in fresh noodles prepared by different heat treatments during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xiong
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou P.R. China
| | - Junjun Wang
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou P.R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou P.R. China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou P.R. China
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou P.R. China
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou P.R. China
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11
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Pang J, Guan E, Yang Y, Li M, Bian K. Effects of wheat flour particle size on flour physicochemical properties and steamed bread quality. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4691-4700. [PMID: 34531983 PMCID: PMC8441369 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, differently sized particles of wheat flour (from 52.36 μm to 108.89 μm) were obtained by adjusting the distance between the rolls (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 mm) of a heart mill. Results showed that reducing the particle size significantly increased the damaged starch (DS) content. Uniaxial tensile measurement of dough showed that reducing the particle size of wheat flour can effectively increase the maximum tensile resistance, but the extensibility reaches the maximum in samples at medium particle diameter (78 and 66 μm). Additionally, the ratio of dynamic moduli (G″/G') decreased with a reducing particle size. The results of disulfide bond content, gluten microstructure, showed that finer flour granulation can strengthen the gluten network. The steamed bread (SB) making test showed that SB made from wheat flour of a smaller particle size had a significantly smaller specific volume than that made from a larger particle size. The texture profile analysis showed that with a decrease of wheat flour particle size, the hardness, chewiness of SB increased, the resilience decreased, and there was no significant difference in adhesiveness. Overall, the quality of SB made flour of medium particles (78 μm) is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Pang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Food Science and EngineeringHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
- Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation CenterZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuling Yang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Food Science and EngineeringHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
- Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation CenterZhengzhouChina
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12
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Guan E, Pang J, Yang Y, Zhang T, Li M, Bian K. Effects of wheat flour particle size on physicochemical properties and quality of noodles. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4209-4214. [PMID: 33151559 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of particle size on the physicochemical and noodle quality of wheat flours was investigated. Granular wheat flour was ground by adjusting the distance between the rolls (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 mm) of the flour mill to obtain wheat flour in five different particle sizes. The results showed that milling intensity significantly reduced the particle size and increased the damaged starch content and sedimentation value, but there were no significant differences in protein or ash contents. The reduction of wheat flour particle size significantly decreased the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback of the blends, while there were no significant differences in pasting temperature. Stress relaxation characteristics indicated that as the particle size of wheat flour decreased, dough hardness increased. The noodles made from wheat flour with a smaller particle size had a higher water absorption rate and cooking loss rate. Textural profile analysis parameters showed that as the particle size of wheat flour decreased, the hardness, chewiness, recovery, and adhesiveness of noodles showed increasing trends, and there was no significant difference in elasticity. In summary, it is found that the quality of the noodles made by sample C (D50 : 78.47 µm) is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqi Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinyue Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ke Bian
- Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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13
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Liu C, Song M, Hong J, Li L, Zheng X, Bian K, Guan E. Effects of salt and kansui on rheological, chemical and structural properties of noodle dough during repeated sheeting process. Food Chem 2020; 342:128365. [PMID: 33092923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of different levels of salt (1-2%, fwb) and kansui (0.5-1%) on the rheological, chemical and structural characteristics of noodle dough developed by repeated sheeting were studied. The rupture stress was increased by salt and kansui. The rupture elongation was increased by salt while reduced by kansui. The rupture stress and elongation increased to a maximum at 3 or 4 sheeting passes then decreased. The larger polymeric glutenin (LPP) increased while glutenin macropolymer (GMP) and free SH contents declined with the increased sheeting passes except for the dough contained 1% kansui at which these indicators remained constant. The β-sheet was increased while the β-turn was decreased by salt and kansui. The results showed the LPP disaggregated from GMP through physical disentanglement and experienced a reaggregation process with the SS bonds participate in, but the addition of kansui especially at 1% concentration could inhibit the disaggregation of GMP through protein cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Mengkun Song
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jing Hong
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Limin Li
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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14
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Zhang Y, Li M, Liu Y, Guan E, Bian K. Reduction of Aflatoxin B 1 in Corn by Water-Assisted Microwaves Treatment and Its Effects on Corn Quality. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090605. [PMID: 32962186 PMCID: PMC7551488 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most commonly found mycotoxin in corn, which is highly toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic for the health of humans and animals. In order to reduce the AFB1 in corn, corn kernels were processed with Water-assisted Microwaves Treatment (WMT) and the feasibility of WMT processing on AFB1 reduction and its effects on corn quality were analyzed. Increasing the treatment time and microwave power could increase the reduction of AFB1, and the maximum reduction rate could reach 58.6% and 56.8%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the initial concentration of AFB1 and the reduction rate of AFB1. During WMT, the main toxigenic molds were sterilized completely, and the moisture content of corn climbed up and then declined to the initial level. WMT could obviously increase the fatty acid value and pasting temperature of corn and reduce the all paste viscosity of corn. However, it had little effect on the color of corn. The results indicated that WMT could reduce AFB1 effectively and avoid the vast appearance of heat-damaged kernels simultaneously. Undoubtedly, water played an important role in WMT. This result provides a new idea for the reduction of AFB1 by microwave.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ke Bian
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-371-6775-6889
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15
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16
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Guan E, Yang Y, Pang J, Zhang T, Li M, Bian K. Ultrafine grinding of wheat flour: Effect of flour/starch granule profiles and particle size distribution on falling number and pasting properties. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2581-2587. [PMID: 32566175 PMCID: PMC7300039 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, the properties of different ultrafine flour samples, including particle size distribution, damaged starch content, falling number, and pasting properties, were examined. The results indicated that the particle size decreased significantly after jet milling, as the rotation speed and grinding time increased, and the damaged starch content significantly increased as the size of the flour/starch decreased; this is in contrast to the significant decrease in falling number. Significant differences in pasting temperature were observed between straight-grade flour (68.6°C) and five ultrafine flour samples (from 86.3 to 87.9°C). We also observed significant increases in peak viscosity, trough, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, and setback as the flour particle size decreased from 43.07 µm to 25.81 µm (D50). The same parameters significantly decreased as the flour particle size decreased from 25.81 µm to 10.15 µm (D50). Correlation analysis identified a significant negative correlation between flour particle size (D50) and damaged starch content and pasting temperature, while a significant positive correlation was found with the falling number values. The results of this work may have an important impact on the quality of processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqi Guan
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
- Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation CenterZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuling Yang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinyue Pang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Ke Bian
- School of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
- Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation CenterZhengzhouChina
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Hong J, An D, Liu C, Li L, Han Z, Guan E, Xu B, Zheng X, Bian K. Rheological, textural, and digestible properties of fresh noodles: Influence of starch esterified by conventional and pulsed electric field‐assisted dual technique with full range of amylose content. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong
- School of Grain, Oil and Food Science Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Di An
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Grain, Oil and Food Science Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Limin Li
- School of Grain, Oil and Food Science Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhong Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Erqi Guan
- School of Grain, Oil and Food Science Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- School of Grain, Oil and Food Science Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Ke Bian
- School of Grain, Oil and Food Science Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
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Yang Y, Guan E, Zhang T, Li M, Bian K. Comparison of rheological behavior, microstructure of wheat flour doughs, and cooking performance of noodles prepared by different mixers. J Food Sci 2020; 85:956-963. [PMID: 32159235 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large deformation characteristics in biaxial tensile and stress relaxation, and small deformation properties in frequency sweeping and microstructure of dough produced by three kinds of mixers were assessed in this study. Differences in noodle quality were also compared. Results indicated that dough made by vacuum or spiral mixer had good resistance to external force and good resilience. But the dough and noodles made by vacuum mixer showed the best tensile and cooking properties respectively, and had overall the best performance. Confocal microscopy revealed that the protein matrix of the three doughs formed along the direction of shear flow, whereas the starch granules of dough made by the vacuum mixer were tightly wrapped in gluten, resulting in a compact and sequential gluten network. Other samples showed signs of minor structural damage (pin mixer) or the presence of holes (spiral mixer). Assessment using Pearson correlation analysis identified a number of significant correlation coefficients between the dough rheological characteristics and noodle quality. Characterization of biaxial tensile and stress relaxation was advantageous for noodle assessment prediction. The index of flow and degree of deformation were negatively correlated with tensile properties. Frequency scanning is superior in predicting cooking and stretching characteristics of noodles. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The research provides technical guidance for obtaining better dough in noodle processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Hong J, Li L, Zheng X, Bian K, Guan E. Effect of heat treatment and salt addition on the physicochemical properties and quality of fresh noodles. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Chong Liu
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jing Hong
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Limin Li
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Grain and Food Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
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Li M, Guan E, Bian K. Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol by 60Co γ-ray Irradiation and Toxicity Analyses of Radiolysis Products. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/102.6.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene that occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, maize, and barley and has been implicated in incidents of mycotoxicoses in both humans and farm animals. Objective: In the present study, we chose 60Co γ-ray irradiation to degrade DON. Methods: First, the degradation effect of irradiation on DON was analyzed. Second, the toxicity analyses of radiolysis products were studied by oral gavage. Results: The results indicated that 60Co γ-ray irradiation had significant degradation effect on pure DON: when 20 kGy γ-ray irradiation was used for 2 μg/mL DON in acetonitrile–water, the degradation efficiency of DON was 83%, and 2 μg/mL DON in ultra-pure water was completely degraded after 5 kGy γ-ray irradiation. The concentration of 200 μg/mL DON in ultra-pure water had significant toxicity to mice: decreased body weight gain and feed consumption as well as pathological changes in liver and kidney were observed compared with the control group. Conclusions: No significant toxicity was observed in mice that were given these degraded solutions treated by γ-ray irradiation, which indicated that the toxicity of radiolysis products in ultra-pure water had significantly decreased after treatment by γ-ray irradiation. Highlights: This research offered some reference to detoxify DON in cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Henan University of Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China 450001
| | - Erqi Guan
- Henan University of Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China 450001
| | - Ke Bian
- Henan University of Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Food Crop Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China 450001
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Song M, Liu C, Hong J, Li L, Zheng X, Bian K, Guan E. Effects of repeated sheeting on rheology and glutenin properties of noodle dough. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang Y, Guan E, Zhang T, Li M, Bian K. Influence of water addition methods on water mobility characterization and rheological properties of wheat flour dough. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu C, Jiang X, Wang J, Li L, Bian K, Guan E, Zheng X. Effect of heat-moisture treatment of germinated wheat on the quality of Chinese white salted noodles. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- College of Grain and Food; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- College of Grain and Food; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou China
| | - Junjun Wang
- College of Grain and Food; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou China
| | - Limin Li
- College of Grain and Food; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou China
| | - Ke Bian
- College of Grain and Food; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou China
| | - Erqi Guan
- College of Grain and Food; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- College of Grain and Food; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou China
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Shadid M, Gurau G, Shamshina JL, Chuang BC, Hailu S, Guan E, Chowdhury SK, Wu JT, Rizvi SAA, Griffin RJ, Rogers RD. Sulfasalazine in ionic liquid form with improved solubility and exposure. Med Chem Commun 2015; 6:1837-1841. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
An ionic liquid form of sulfasalazine demonstrates improved solubility (4000×), bioavailability (2.5×), andin vivoexposure over the neutral drug.
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Staloff IA, Guan E, Katz S, Rafailovitch M, Sokolov A, Sokolov S. An in vivo study of the mechanical properties of facial skin and influence of aging using digital image speckle correlation. Skin Res Technol 2008; 14:127-34. [PMID: 18412553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2007.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The skin on the face is directly attached to the muscle through the superficial musculoaponeurotic system. We show that this can be used to probe skin mechanical properties, in vivo, using, digital image speckle correlation (DISC), a technique that measures the intrinsic cutaneous pore structure displacement following a natural facial deformation. METHODS We take a series of images, which are then analyzed with DISC to create a displacement vector diagram, from which we can obtain spatially resolved information regarding facial deformation. We then studied the functional form of the displacement as a function of age, location on the face, and skin treatment. Finally, through DISC vector field analysis we investigate the mechanism of wrinkle formation. RESULTS We first show that facial skin displacement follows the direction of muscular movement and reflects the magnitude of the applied forces. Using DISC vector field analysis, we find that as the skin ages the distribution of forces becomes more condensed, with a marked spatial asymmetry. Analysis of the data, in the perioral region, we find that the skin elasticity decreases exponentially with age, with a decay constant of approximately 32 years. Similar results, but with a larger amplitude, were also found for the periorbital region. Finally, DISC vector field analysis also shows that the location of maximal stress correlated with the location of existing facial wrinkles. CONCLUSION The DISC method, as a non-contact technique, is a potential clinical research tool for the diagnosis of facial skin condition and underlying muscular activity. We demonstrate how these factors can be used to monitor the effects of aging, formation of wrinkles, and the efficacy of topical applications of skin creams.
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Ghosh K, Pan Z, Guan E, Ge S, Liu Y, Nakamura T, Ren XD, Rafailovich M, Clark RA. Cell adaptation to a physiologically relevant ECM mimic with different viscoelastic properties. Biomaterials 2006; 28:671-9. [PMID: 17049594 PMCID: PMC3625367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To successfully induce tissue repair or regeneration in vivo, bioengineered constructs must possess both optimal bioactivity and mechanical strength. This is because cell interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) produces two different but concurrent signaling mechanisms: ligation-induced signaling, which depends on ECM biological stimuli, and traction-induced signaling, which depends on ECM mechanical stimuli. In this report, we provide a fundamental understanding of how alterations in mechanical stimuli alone, produced by varying the viscoelastic properties of our bioengineered construct, modulate phenotypic behavior at the whole-cell level. Using a physiologically relevant ECM mimic composed of hyaluronan and fibronectin, we found that adult human dermal fibroblasts modify their mechanical response in order to match substrate stiffness. More specifically, the cells on stiffer substrates had higher modulus and a more stretched and organized actin cytoskeleton (and vice versa), which translated into larger traction forces exerted on the substrate. This modulation of cellular mechanics had contrasting effects on migration and proliferation, where cells migrated faster on softer substrates while proliferating preferentially on the stiffer ones. These findings implicate substrate rigidity as a critical design parameter in the development of bioengineered constructs aimed at eliciting maximal cell and tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustabh Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - Zhi Pan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - E Guan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - Shouren Ge
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - Toshio Nakamura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Ren
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - Miriam Rafailovich
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
| | - Richard A.F. Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
- Department of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA
- Corresponding author: Richard A.F. Clark, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dermatology and Medicine, HSC, T-16, Rm 60, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8165, Phone: 631-444-7519; Fax: 631-444-3844; E-mail:
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Guan E, Smilow S, Rafailovich M, Sokolov J. Determining the mechanical properties of rat skin with digital image speckle correlation. Dermatology 2004; 208:112-9. [PMID: 15056999 DOI: 10.1159/000076483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 10/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of the mechanical properties of skin has numerous implications in surgical repair, dermal disorders and the diagnosis and treatment of trauma to the skin. Investigation of facial wrinkle formation, as well as research in the areas of skin aging and cosmetic product assessment can also benefit from alternative methodologies for the measurement of mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE A noncontact, noninvasive technique, digital image speckle correlation (DISC), has been successfully introduced to measure the deformation field of a skin sample loaded by a material test machine. With the force information obtained from the loading device, the mechanical properties of the skin, such as Young's modulus, linear limitation and material strength, can be calculated using elastic or viscoelastic theory. METHODS The DISC method was used to measure the deformation of neonatal rat skin, with and without a glycerin-fruit-oil-based cream under uniaxial tension. RESULTS Deformation to failure procedure of newborn rat skin was recorded and analyzed. Single skin layer failures were observed and located by finding the strain concentration. Young's moduli of freshly excised rat skin, cream-processed rat skin and unprocessed rat skin, 24 h after excision, were found with tensile tests to be 1.6, 1.4 and 0.7 MPa, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results have shown that DISC provides a novel technique for numerous applications in dermatology and reconstructive surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Wang J, Guan E, Roderiquez G, Calvert V, Alvarez R, Norcross MA. Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in ligand-independent sequestration of CXCR4 in human primary monocytes-macrophages. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:49236-43. [PMID: 11668182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108523200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptor, CXCR4, play important roles in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathophysiology, leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, hematopoiesis, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. The effects of cytokines on the regulation of CXCR4 function were investigated in human primary monocytes-macrophages. The expression of functional CXCR4 on the cell surface was demonstrated by the detection of ligand-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, chemotaxis, and ligand-induced receptor endocytosis. Surface CXCR4 expression was down-regulated by cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and up-regulated by IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1. Down-regulation was mediated post-translationally, in the absence of protein degradation, through an endocytotic mechanism. In contrast to SDF-1 alpha-induced CXCR4 endocytosis, cytokine-induced endocytosis of this receptor was independent of actin filament polymerization. GM-CSF increased the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3), beta-arrestin-1, Pyk2, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Cytokine treatment also increased the total and tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of CXCR4 as well as the phosphorylation of FAK on tyrosine 397. It also induced the formation of GRK3.CXCR4 or FAK.CXCR4 complexes. Infection of macrophages by primary R5X4 and X4 isolates of HIV-1 was inhibited by IL-4, IL-13, and GM-CSF, an effect that was associated with down-regulation of surface CXCR4 expression. These data indicate that ligand-dependent and ligand-independent endocytoses of CXCR4 are mediated by different mechanisms. Cytokine-induced endocytosis of chemokine receptors may be of therapeutic value in HIV-1 infection, inflammation, tumor metastasis, and defective hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Wang J, Guan E, Roderiquez G, Norcross MA. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in primary CD4(+) T cells by macrophage-tropic HIV-1 and TGF-beta1. J Immunol 2001; 167:3360-6. [PMID: 11544326 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.6.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes is a central immunological characteristic of HIV-1 infection. Although the mechanism of such CD4(+) cell loss following macrophage-tropic (R5) HIV-1 infection remains unclear, interactions between viral and host cell factors are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease. Based on the observation that TGF-beta1 enhanced expression of HIV chemokine coreceptors, the role of this host factor in virus effects was investigated using PBLs cultured in a nonmitogen-added system in the absence or presence of TGF-beta1. Most CD4 cells in such cultures had the phenotype CD25(-)CD69(-)DR(-)Ki67(-) and were CD45RO(bright)CD45RA(dim). Cultured cells had increased expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 and supported both HIV-1 entry and completion of viral reverse transcription. Virus production by cells cultured in the presence of IL-2 was inhibited by TGF-beta1, and this inhibition was accompanied by a loss of T cells from the culture and an increase in CD4(+) T cell apoptosis. Whereas R5X4 and X4 HIV-1 infection was sufficient to induce T cell apoptosis, R5 HIV-1 failed to induce apoptosis of PBLs in the absence of TGF-beta1 despite the fact that R5 HIV-1 depletes CD4(+) T cells in vivo. Increased apoptosis with HIV and TGF-beta1 was associated with reduced levels of Bcl-2 and increased expression of apoptosis-inducing factor, caspase-3, and cleavage of BID, c-IAP-1, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. These results show that TGF-beta1 promotes depletion of CD4(+) T cells after R5 HIV-1 infection by inducing apoptosis and suggest that TGF-beta1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Wang J, Shelly L, Miele L, Boykins R, Norcross MA, Guan E. Human Notch-1 inhibits NF-kappa B activity in the nucleus through a direct interaction involving a novel domain. J Immunol 2001; 167:289-95. [PMID: 11418662 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Notch participates in diverse cell fate decisions throughout embryonic development and postnatal life. Members of the NF-kappaB/Rel family of transcription factors are involved in the regulation of a variety of genes important for immune function. The biological activity of the NF-kappaB transcription factors is controlled by IkappaB proteins. Our previous work demonstrated that an intracellular, constitutively active form of human Notch-1/translocation-associated Notch homologue-1 (Notch(IC)) functions as an IkappaB molecule with specificity for the NF-kappaB p50 subunit and physically interacts with NF-kappaB in T cells. In the current study, we investigated the roles of different domains of Notch(IC) in the regulation of NF-kappaB-directed gene expression and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. We found that Notch(IC) localizes to the nucleus and that a region in the N-terminal portion of Notch(IC), not the six ankyrin repeats, is responsible for the inhibitory effects of Notch on NF-kappaB-directed gene expression and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. The N-terminal portion of Notch(IC) inhibited p50 DNA binding and interacted specifically with p50 subunit, not p65 of NF-kappaB. The interaction between Notch and NF-kappaB indicates that in addition to its role in the development of the immune system, Notch-1 may also have critical functions in the immune response, inflammation, viral infection, and apoptosis through control of NF-kappaB-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Chemokines are secreted proteins that function as chemoattractants for leukocytes. The chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha and 1beta (MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta) now have been shown to be secreted from activated human monocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) as a heterodimer. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis revealed that antibodies to either MIP-1alpha or MIP-1beta precipitated a protein complex containing both MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta under normal conditions from culture supernatants and lysates of these cells. Mass spectrometry of the complexes, precipitated from the culture supernatants of monocytes and PBLs, revealed the presence of NH(2)-terminal truncated MIP-1alpha (residues 5-70) together with either intact MIP-1beta or NH(2)-terminal truncated MIP-1beta (residues 3-69), respectively. The secreted MIP-1alpha/beta heterodimers were dissociated into their component monomers under acidic conditions. Exposure of monocytes or PBLs to monensin induced the accumulation of heterodimers composed of NH(2)-terminal truncated MIP-1alpha and full-length MIP-1beta in the Golgi complex. The mixing of recombinant chemokines in vitro demonstrated that heterodimerization of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta is specific and that it occurs at physiological conditions, pH 7.4, and in the range of nanomolar concentrations. The data presented here provide the first biochemical evidence for the existence of chemokine heterodimers under natural conditions. Formation of heterodimers of MIP-1alpha/beta may have an impact on intracellular signaling events that contribute to CCR5 and possibly to other chemokine receptor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guan
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Wang J, Guan E, Roderiquez G, Norcross MA. Inhibition of CCR5 expression by IL-12 through induction of beta-chemokines in human T lymphocytes. J Immunol 1999; 163:5763-9. [PMID: 10570258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 induces initiation of the differentiation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes into Th1 cells and is important for the control of cell-mediated immunity. beta-Chemokines serve to attract various types of blood leukocytes to sites of infection and inflammation. The specific receptor for the beta-chemokines (macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES), CCR5, also functions as the primary coreceptor for macrophage-tropic isolates of HIV-1. IL-12, but not IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13, now has been shown to down-modulate the surface expression of CCR5 induced by IL-2 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Decreased CCR5 surface expression was not secondary to transcriptional inhibition, given that CCR5 mRNA was enhanced in cells cultured in IL-12/IL-2 compared with those cultured in IL-2 only. The effect of IL-12 in down-modulation of CCR5 surface expression was shown to be mediated by soluble factors secreted from the T cells. Rapid and transient intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was induced in monocytes by IL-12-induced supernatants, which desensitized the response of monocytes to MIP-1alpha, but not their response to stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha. Neutralization with specific Abs identified these factors as MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta from most donors. IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and IL-18 primarily inhibited MIP-1beta secretion and also weakly suppressed MIP-1alpha secretion. HIV-1 replication was inhibited in IL-2/IL-12-containing cultures that correlated with chemokine and chemokine-receptor levels. These data suggest that the effects of IL-12 on beta-chemokine production and chemokine-receptor expression may contribute to the immunomodulatory activities of IL-12 and may have potential therapeutic relevance in controlling HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Viral Regulation, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Guan E, Wang J, Laborda J, Norcross M, Baeuerle PA, Hoffman T. T cell leukemia-associated human Notch/translocation-associated Notch homologue has I kappa B-like activity and physically interacts with nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in T cells. J Exp Med 1996; 183:2025-32. [PMID: 8642313 PMCID: PMC2192574 DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.5.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocation-associated Notch homologue (TAN-1), a gene originally cloned from the translocation breakpoint of a human T cell leukemia carrying a 9:7(q34.3) translocation, encodes a protein belonging to the Notch/Lin-12/Glp-1 receptor family. These receptors mediate the specification of numerous cell fates during development in invertebrates and vertebrates. The intracellular portion of Notch/TAN-1 contains six ankyrin repeats that are similar to those found in cytoplasmic I kappa B proteins. I kappa B proteins are specific inhibitors of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B/Rel transcription factors. Here we show that TAN-1 has functional properties of an I kappa B-like regulator with specificity for the NF-kappa B p50 subunit. A recombinant polypeptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic portion of TAN-1 (TAN-1C) specifically inhibited the DNA binding of p50-containing NF-kappa B complexes. When overexpressed in an appropriate cell line, TAN-1C prevented kappa B-dependent transactivation in transient reporter gene assays in a fashion similar to the structurally related protein, Bcl-3. TAN-1C could activate kappa B-dependent gene expression by attenuating the inhibitory effect of an excess of p50 homodimers. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the TAN-1 from a T cell line is associated with NF-kappa B containing p50 and p65 subunits. These observations indicate that TAN-1C may directly engage NF-kappa B transcription factors and modulate nuclear gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Humans
- Invertebrates
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Notch
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transcription Factor RelB
- Transcription Factors
- Transcriptional Activation
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vertebrates
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Guan E, Robinson SL, Goodman EB, Tenner AJ. Cell-surface protein identified on phagocytic cells modulates the C1q-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.8.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
C1q, a subunit of the first component of the classical C pathway, binds to specific cells of the immune system, triggering a variety of cellular responses. To identify the functional C1qR on phagocytic cells, mAbs were generated by immunization with either C1q-binding proteins isolated from U937 cells or intact U937 cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis demonstrated that three mAbs, designated R139 (IgG2b), R3 (IgM), and U40.3 (IgG1), recognize the same 100,000 M(r) protein (126,000 M(r) under reducing conditions). These mAbs also co-immunoprecipitate CD43 from detergent extracts of U937, consistent with the possibility that this C1qR is a multi-subunit structure. Two Abs, R3 and R139, but not U40.3, consistently inhibited the enhancement of phagocytosis by monocytes adhered to either C1q or the collagen-like fragment of C1q (C1q-CLF). Interestingly, binding inhibition studies demonstrated that neither R139 nor U40.3 blocked the binding of [125I]C1q-CLF to U937 cells, whereas R3 did inhibit 35 to 45% of the binding of [125I]C1q-CLF to these cells. Thus, the three mAbs recognize distinct epitopes of a 100,000 M(r) polypeptide that is a component of the monocyte C1qR that modulates phagocytosis. All three mAbs recognize the extracellular domain of the molecule on neutrophils, monocytes, and U937 cells, but were not reactive with CEM or RAJI cells, T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, none of these three mAbs inhibited or mimicked the C1q-mediated stimulation of superoxide production by neutrophils, suggesting that the C1qR that mediates the enhancement of phagocytosis differs in at least some critical parameter from the C1qR that mediates superoxide generation by the neutrophil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guan
- Biochemistry Laboratory, American Red Cross Biomedical Research & Development, Rockville, MD 20855
| | - S L Robinson
- Biochemistry Laboratory, American Red Cross Biomedical Research & Development, Rockville, MD 20855
| | - E B Goodman
- Biochemistry Laboratory, American Red Cross Biomedical Research & Development, Rockville, MD 20855
| | - A J Tenner
- Biochemistry Laboratory, American Red Cross Biomedical Research & Development, Rockville, MD 20855
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Guan E, Robinson SL, Goodman EB, Tenner AJ. Cell-surface protein identified on phagocytic cells modulates the C1q-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis. J Immunol 1994; 152:4005-16. [PMID: 8144968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
C1q, a subunit of the first component of the classical C pathway, binds to specific cells of the immune system, triggering a variety of cellular responses. To identify the functional C1qR on phagocytic cells, mAbs were generated by immunization with either C1q-binding proteins isolated from U937 cells or intact U937 cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis demonstrated that three mAbs, designated R139 (IgG2b), R3 (IgM), and U40.3 (IgG1), recognize the same 100,000 M(r) protein (126,000 M(r) under reducing conditions). These mAbs also co-immunoprecipitate CD43 from detergent extracts of U937, consistent with the possibility that this C1qR is a multi-subunit structure. Two Abs, R3 and R139, but not U40.3, consistently inhibited the enhancement of phagocytosis by monocytes adhered to either C1q or the collagen-like fragment of C1q (C1q-CLF). Interestingly, binding inhibition studies demonstrated that neither R139 nor U40.3 blocked the binding of [125I]C1q-CLF to U937 cells, whereas R3 did inhibit 35 to 45% of the binding of [125I]C1q-CLF to these cells. Thus, the three mAbs recognize distinct epitopes of a 100,000 M(r) polypeptide that is a component of the monocyte C1qR that modulates phagocytosis. All three mAbs recognize the extracellular domain of the molecule on neutrophils, monocytes, and U937 cells, but were not reactive with CEM or RAJI cells, T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, none of these three mAbs inhibited or mimicked the C1q-mediated stimulation of superoxide production by neutrophils, suggesting that the C1qR that mediates the enhancement of phagocytosis differs in at least some critical parameter from the C1qR that mediates superoxide generation by the neutrophil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guan
- Biochemistry Laboratory, American Red Cross Biomedical Research & Development, Rockville, MD 20855
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Guan E, Zhou TC, Wang JH, Huang PG, Tang WP, Zhao ML, Chen Y, Sun YX. Growth inhibition of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in athymic mice by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies. Int J Cell Cloning 1989; 7:242-56. [PMID: 2768842 DOI: 10.1002/stem.5530070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were developed against epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor on the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431. The A431 antigen recognized by the MoAbs has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 170,000, with the same molecular weight as the CNE-2 cell line (poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma). Administration of anti-EGF receptor MoAbs inhibited tumor formation, caused by the CNE-2 and A431 cell lines, in athymic mice. When the same MoAbs were used in therapy against Tca8113 (a human tongue carcinoma) and HeLa cells (a human cervical carcinoma), tumor growth was not affected. The number of EGF receptors and the apparent dissociation constants for 125I-EGF on CNE-2 and A431 were 1.3 x 10(5)/cell (Kd 7.7 x 10(-8) M) and 1.4 x 10(6)/cell (Kd 2.4 x 10(-9) M), respectively. Three anti-EGF receptor MoAbs were used in these studies. MoAbs 3 and 176, capable of competing with EGF for receptor binding, showed significant tumor growth inhibition. MoAb 101 was incapable of blocking the binding of EGF to its receptor and was not as effective as MoAbs 3 and 176 in tumor growth inhibition. Our observation is that in vitro, MoAb anti-EGF receptor is cytostatic, rather than cytocidal, against CNE-2 and A431.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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