Draft genome sequence of Limosilactobacillus fermentum isolated from subgingival biofilm

Limosilactobacillus fermentum is generally considered beneficial for vaginal and digestive health. However, strains isolated from the oral cavity, especially from periodontitis lesions, have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain KHUD_007 isolated from the subgingival biofilm of a Korean patient with periodontitis.

Complete genome sequence of Schaalia odontolytica isolated from subgingival biofilm

OBJECTIVE

Recent advancements in genome-based taxonomic classification propose the reclassification of certain Actinomyces species into new genera, including Schaalia. Schaalia odontolytica, the type species within this genus, is frequently found in the human oral cavity and has been associated with actinomycotic lesions. Currently, only two complete genomes of S. odontolytica strains have been reported. Recognizing the limited research on subspecies-level variation of S. odontolytica, we conducted genome sequencing of strain KHUD_008, isolated from a Korean periodontitis patient's subgingival biofilm. Additionally, we performed a comparative genome analysis using previously sequenced genomes of strain XH001 and strain FDAARGOS_732, both derived from the human oral cavity.

DATA DESCRIPTION

Pacific Biosciences Sequel II sequencing generated 15,904 and 76,557 raw sequencing sub-reads, which were integrated to assemble the de novo genome using the Microbial Genome Analysis pipeline in the Single-Molecule Real-Time Analysis. The genome assembly completeness, assessed by Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs, reached 99.2%. The genome is 2,389,595 bp with a GC content of 66.37%, and contains 2,002 protein-coding genes, 9 rRNAs, and 48 tRNA. Comparative analysis with two previously sequenced strains revealed many strain-specific genes in KHUD_008, primarily related to envelope biogenesis and replication/recombination/repair processes.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals heterogeneity of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells under chondrogenic induction

This study investigated how adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) respond to chondrogenic induction using droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We analyzed 37,219 high-quality transcripts from control cells and cells induced for 1 week (1W) and 2 weeks (2W). Four distinct cell clusters (0-3), undetectable by bulk analysis, exhibited varying proportions. Cluster 1 dominated in control and 1W cells, whereas cluster 3, 2, and 0 exclusively dominated in control, 1W, and 2W cells, respectively. Furthermore, heterogeneous chondrogenic markers expression within clusters emerged. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes unveiled cluster-specific variations in key biological processes (BP): (1) Cluster 1 exhibited upregulation of GO-BP terms related to ribosome biogenesis and translational control, crucial for maintaining stem cell properties and homeostasis; (2) Additionally, cluster 1 showed upregulation of GO-BP terms associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism; (3) Cluster 3 displayed upregulation of GO-BP terms related to cell proliferation; (4) Clusters 0 and 2 demonstrated similar upregulation of GO-BP terms linked to collagen fibril organization and supramolecular fiber organization. However, only cluster 0 showed a significant decrease in GO-BP terms related to ribosome production, implying a potential correlation between ribosome regulation and the differentiation stages of AT-MSCs. Overall, our findings highlight heterogeneous cell clusters with varying balances between proliferation and differentiation before and after chondrogenic stimulation. This provides enhanced insights into the single-cell dynamics of AT-MCSs during chondrogenic differentiation.

Genomic and phenotypic comparison of Prevotella intermedia strains possessing different virulence in vivo

Prevotella intermedia readily colonizes healthy dental biofilm and is associated with periodontal diseases. The viscous exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing capability is known as a major virulence factor of P. intermedia 17 (Pi17). However, the inter-strain difference in P. intermedia regarding virulence-associated phenotype is not well studied. We compared in vivo virulence and whole genome sequences using five wild-type strains: ATCC 49046 (Pi49046), ATCC 15032 (Pi15032), ATCC 15033 (Pi15033), ATCC 25611 (Pi25611), and Pi17. Non-EPS producing Pi25611 was the least virulent in insect and mammalian models. Unexpectedly, Pi49046 did not produce viscous EPS but was the most virulent, followed by Pi17. Genomes of the five strains were quite similar but revealed subtle differences such as copy number variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Variations between strains were found in genes encoding glycosyltransferases and genes involved in the acquisition of carbohydrates and iron/haem. Based on these genetic variations, further analyses were performed. Phylogenetic and structural analyses discovered phosphoglycosyltransferases of Pi49046 and Pi17 have evolved to contain additional loops that may confer substrate specificity. Pi17, Pi15032, and Pi15033 displayed increased growth by various carbohydrates. Meanwhile, Pi49046 exhibited the highest activities for haemolysis and haem accumulation, as well as co-aggregation with Porphyromonas gingivalis harbouring fimA type II, which is more tied to periodontitis than other fimA types. Collectively, subtle genetic differences related to glycosylation and acquisition of carbohydrates and iron/haem may contribute to the diversity of virulence and phenotypic traits among P. intermedia strains. These variations may also reflect versatile strategies for within-host adaptation of P. intermedia.

Reverse Actuation of Polyelectrolyte Effect for In Vivo Antifouling

Zwitterionic polymers have extraordinary properties, that is, significant hydration and the so-called antipolyelectrolyte effect, which make them suitable for biomedical applications. The hydration induces an antifouling effect, and this has been investigated significantly. The antipolyelectrolyte effect refers to the extraordinary ion-responsive behavior of particular polymers that swell and hydrate considerably in physiological solutions. This actuation begins to attract attention to achieve in vivo antifouling that is challenging for general polyelectrolytes. In this study, we established the sophisticated cornerstone of the antipolyelectrolyte effect in detail, including (i) the essential parameters, (ii) experimental verifications, and (iii) effect of improving antifouling performance. First, we find that both osmotic force and charge screening are essential factors. Second, we identify the antipolyelectrolyte effect by visualizing the swelling and hydration dynamics. Finally, we verify that the antifouling performance can be enhanced by exploiting the antipolyelectrolyte effect and report reduction of 85% and 80% in ex and in vivo biofilm formation, respectively.

A novel retentive type of dental implant prosthesis: marginal fitness of the cementless double crown type implant prosthesis evaluated by bacterial penetration and viability

PURPOSE

This study aims to compare the marginal fitness of two types of implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis, i.e., cementless fixation (CL.F) system and cement-retained type.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In each group, ten specimens were assessed. Each specimen comprised implant lab analog, titanium abutment fabricated with a 2-degree tapered axial wall, and zirconia crown. The crown of the CL.F system was retained by frictional force between abutment and relined composite resin. In the cement-retained type, zinc oxide eugenol cement was used to set crown and abutment. All specimens were sterilized with ethylene oxide, immersed in Prevotella intermedia culture in a 50 mL tube, and incubated with rotation. After 48 h, the specimens were washed thoroughly before separating the crown and abutment. The bacteria that penetrated into the crown-abutment interface were collected by washing with 500 µL of sterile saline. The bacterial cell number was quantified using the agar plate count technique. The BacTiter-Glo Microbial Cell Viability Assay Kit was used to measure bacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bioluminescence, which reflects the bacterial viability. The t-test was performed, and the significance level was set at 5%.

RESULTS

The number of penetrating bacterial cells assessed by colony-forming units was approximately 33% lower in the CL.F system than in the cement-retained type (P<.05). ATP-bioluminescence was approximately 41% lower in the CL.F system than in the cement-retained type (P<.05).

CONCLUSION

The CL.F system is more resistant to bacterial penetration into the abutment-crown interface than the cement-retained type, thereby indicating a precise marginal fit.

The Role of Exosomes in Bronchoalveloar Lavage from Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary insults. Exosomes are considered a major cell-to-cell communicator and immune modulator. However, their role in ARDS remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes could be a potential biomarker of ARDS. Methods: We isolated exosomes from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with ARDS. The correlation between the level of exosomes with clinical data, including etiology, oxygenation, and 28-day mortality was analyzed. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays and western blotting were carried out to characterize BAL exosomes. Immune modulating response of exosomes was investigated by in vitro examination. Results: From 158 patients, we isolated mean 1568.9 µg/mL BAL exosomes, which presented a negative correlation with the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio. The level of exosomes did not correlate with 28-day mortality but was elevated in the infectious etiology of ARDS. The exosomes have cargo proteins associated with apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. An in vitro stimulation study revealed that BAL exosomes could induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but those from patients with ARDS suppressed the production of vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions: In ARDS, exosomes are released in alveolar space, and the level is correlated with the etiology of ARDS. BAL exosomes could play an immune-modulating role by controlling the production of cytokines.

Effects of Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Oral Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria

Polyphosphate (polyP) is a food additive with antimicrobial activity. Here we evaluated the effects of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na₅P₃O₁₀) on four major oral bacterial species, in both single- and mixed-culture. PolyP3 inhibited three opportunistic pathogenic species: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. On the contrary, a commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was relatively less susceptible to polyP3 than the pathogens. When all bacterial species were co-cultured, polyP3 (≥ 0.09%) significantly reduced their total growth and biofilm formation, among which the three pathogenic bacteria were selectively inhibited. Collectively, polyP3 may be an alternative antibacterial agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria.

Biological synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles using Pseudomonas geniculata H10 for pharmaceutical activity

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesised for the first time using Pseudomonas geniculata H10 as reducing and stabilising agents. The synthesis of SNPs was the maximum when the culture supernatant was treated with 2.5 mM AgNO3 at pH 7 and 40°C for 10 h. The SNPs were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction and UV-vis spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of proteins, suggesting they may have been responsible for the reduction and acted as capping agents. The SNPs displayed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 = 28.301 μg/ml) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate (IC50 = 27.076 μg/ml) radical scavenging activities. The SNPs exhibited a broad antimicrobial spectrum against several human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial action of SNPs was due to cell deformation resulting in cytoplasmic leakage and subsequent lysis. The authors' results indicate P. geniculata H10 could be used to produce antimicrobial SNPs in a facile, non-toxic, cost-effective manner, and that these SNPs can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms, making them applicable to various biomedical and environmental systems. As far as the authors are aware, this study is the first to describe the potential biomedical applications of SNPs synthesised using P. geniculata.

Effects of Renaming Schizophrenia in Korea: from "Split-Mind Disorder" to "Attunement Disorder"

OBJECTIVE

Korean Neuropsychiatric Association changed the Korean name of schizophrenia from 'Split-mind Disorder' to 'Attunement Disorder' in 2012. This study assessed attitudes towards the renaming of schizophrenia among mental health practitioners (n=440), patients with schizophrenia and their guardians (n=396), and the university students (n=140) using self-administered questionnaires.

METHODS

The questionnaire included items related to participants' perception of the renaming of the disease, the nature of informing about the disease to confirm the effect of the name change.

RESULTS

It was confirmed the notification rate of disease name by mental health practitioners was increased significantly after the renaming. Among patients and their guardians, 24.9% and 15.0%, respectively, perceived their own or the family member's illness as 'attunement disorder'.

CONCLUSION

Patients and their guardians continue to display a low awareness about the name of the disease as 'attunement disorder.' However, mental health practitioners were found to be able to easily use the name 'attunement disorder' as a result of the increased notification rate of the new disease name.

Temperament and character traits in patients with tinnitus: a prospective case series with comparisons

OBJECTIVE

To describe the personality traits of temperament and character in patients with tinnitus and to identify differences in these traits associated with the severity of tinnitus.

STUDY DESIGN

Case series with comparisons.

SETTING

Tertiary referral centre.

PARTICIPANTS

From January to December 2014, one hundred and thirty-four adult patients with chronic subjective tinnitus completed psychoacoustic measurements of tinnitus and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

MEASUREMENTS

Personality traits were assessed by the TCI. The TCI assesses seven dimensions of personality traits and four temperaments 'novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence', as well as three characters 'self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence'.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The values of the TCI parameters in the tinnitus patients were compared with reference data from a non-institutional adult population, and associations between TCI parameter values and tinnitus severity were evaluated.

RESULTS

In terms of temperament, tinnitus patients had higher scores for 'harm avoidance', whereas scores for 'novelty seeking', 'reward dependence' and 'persistence' were significantly lower than the reference. In terms of character, lower 'cooperativeness' and 'self-transcendence' were identified in the subjects with tinnitus. The 'novelty seeking' score was inversely related to tinnitus severity (r = -0.285, P = 0.001), while other temperament and character traits did not show significant correlations.

CONCLUSIONS

There may be a connection between tinnitus and personality traits, especially in the case of 'novelty seeking', which is relatively constant over a lifetime. The TCI questionnaire may be useful in facilitating the application of personality traits to tailored counselling for tinnitus.

In Vitro Effects of Polyphosphate against Prevotella intermedia in Planktonic Phase and Biofilm

Polyphosphate (polyP) has gained a wide interest in the food industry due to its potential as a decontaminating agent. In this study, we examined the effect of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3; Na5P3O10) against planktonic and biofilm cells of Prevotella intermedia, a major oral pathogen. The MIC of polyP3 against P. intermedia ATCC 49046 determined by agar dilution method was 0.075%, while 0.05% polyP3 was bactericidal against P. intermedia in time-kill analysis performed using liquid medium. A crystal violet binding assay for the assessment of biofilm formation by P. intermedia showed that sub-MICs of polyP3 significantly decreased biofilm formation. Under the scanning electron microscope, decreased numbers of P. intermedia cells forming the biofilms were observed when the bacterial cells were incubated with 0.025% or higher concentrations of polyP3. Assessment of biofilm viability with LIVE/DEAD staining and viable cell count methods showed that 0.05% or higher concentrations of polyP3 significantly decreased the viability of the preformed biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. The zone sizes of alpha-hemolysis formed on horse blood agar produced by P. intermedia were decreased in the presence of polyP3. The expression of the genes encoding hemolysins and the genes of the hemin uptake (hmu) locus was downregulated by polyP3. Collectively, our results show that polyP is an effective antimicrobial agent against P. intermedia in biofilms as well as planktonic phase, interfering with the process of hemin acquisition by the bacterium.

Intranasal Oxytocin Lessens the Attentional Bias to Adult Negative Faces: A Double Blind within-Subject Experiment

OBJECTIVE

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that is involved in social emotional processing. A leading hypothesis is that oxytocin facilitates positive prosocial behaviors; the peptide may also play a more general role in inhibiting withdrawal-related social behaviors. The present study examined these possibilities.

METHODS

A double-blind, placebo controlled crossover design was used with 31 healthy women. Forty-five minutes following the administration of 40 IU of intranasal oxytocin or a placebo, the participants were presented with two dot probe tests with pairs of face stimuli depicting emotional and neutral faces in adults.

RESULTS

Oxytocin specifically reduced the attention bias toward the location of the faces of adults showing negative emotions, particularly in the case of disgust. Oxytocin did not enhance the attentional bias toward adult happy faces. The effect of oxytocin toward adult negative emotion was correlated with the sensitivity of the drive in the behavioral motivational system.

CONCLUSION

Oxytocin reduces attention to negative social emotions in adults, which supports oxytocin serves to inhibit withdrawal-related social behaviour.

[Development of the scale of strategies for enhancing self-esteem among medical school students]

PURPOSE

From the point of view that medical students are under the pressure of academic achievement and vulnerable to subjective distress, there is need for evaluate their strategies for enhancing self-esteem when they failed academically. This study was to develop the scale for enhancing self-esteem and to confirm the convergent, discriminant and criteria validity.

METHODS

Data were collected from 279 students at a medical school in Seoul. The scale of strategies for enhancing self-esteem (SSES) comprised comparison with inferior, doubting academic failure, accepting failure, and attribution to incidental factors. Also, to confirm the validities, participants responded to items measuring self-esteem, narcissism, 5 personality factors, depression and adjustment.

RESULTS

By explanatory factor analysis of SSES, composed of three factors-comparison, doubting, and acceptance-and in the confirmatory factor analysis, 3 dimensions were best fit. Notably, comparison and doubting strategies were positively associated with depression and negatively associated with adjustment. In contrast, acceptance strategies were negatively associated with depression and positively associated with adjustment. Additionally, comparison and doubting strategies were positively associated with narcissism.

CONCLUSION

The SSES of medical school students after academic failure yields 3 dimensions reliably and consistently. Also, it shows satisfactory convergent and concurrent validities.

[Predictors and longitudinal changes of depression and anxiety among medical college students]

PURPOSE

This longitudinal study was designed to examine the change in depression and anxiety and their predictors over 1 year among premedical and medical students. We compared depression and anxiety from 2 waves and determined the predictive power of personality, narcissism, social comparison, and social reward value on them.

METHODS

Two hundred twenty-six students at a medical school in Seoul were divided into 4 groups according to academic year and completed a questionnaire at the end of 2010 and 2011. The questionnaire included the Zung Depression Scale; Zung Anxiety Scale; scales for social comparison, narcissism, and social reward value; and Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory.

RESULTS

Among first- and second-year medical students, depression and anxiety increased significantly over the previous year. However, irrespective of academic year, depression increased significantly after 1 year. Also, social reward value had a moderating effect. Specifically, among students with low social reward value who entered their first year of medical school, the negative impact of the tendency toward depression and anxiety was amplified compared with older students.

CONCLUSION

Because the predictors of mental health differ between groups, each group must receive specific, appropriate education. Also, because social reward value is important moderating factor of mental health, education and intervention programs that focus on social reward value are needed.

A case of riata® dual coil defibrillator lead failure in a patient with ventricular fibrillation

A 50-year-old man, who underwent a procedure for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), visited the outpatient department of our clinic after suffering multiple ICD shocks. The ICD interrogation revealed recurrent shock due to a high frequency of noise that is sensed by the device as ventricular fibrillation. Chest radiography revealed a significant split in the insulation of the lead allowing the inner wire to protrude. We considered the removal of the failed lead, but the removal of ICD lead is potentially a high risk procedure, so we cut and capped a proximal part of the failed lead and inserted a new lead. This is the first report of a St. Jude Riata® dual coil defibrillator lead failure with clinical and radiologic evidence of a defect in lead insulation in Korea.

Mental health of medical school students and the effects of their strategy for enhancing self-esteem

PURPOSE

This study investigated the mental health status, self-esteem, social comparison, and narcissism among medical school students. In addition, the mediational effect of social comparison between self-esteem and narcissism was also tested with regard to whether the students compared themselves with others to enhance their own self-esteem.

METHODS

Data were collected from 427 medical school students at a medical school in Seoul. The questionnaire included the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 383 scale, the self-esteem scale, the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure, and the narcissism scale. Using the MMPI findings, a clinical psychologist screened for possible clinical cases. Then, the frequencies of those with distress were compared between three groups, based on affiliation; premedical, medical, and graduate medical students. Also, the level of self-esteem, social comparison, and narcissism was tested by analysis of (ANCOVA), and the mediational role of social comparison was explored.

RESULTS

Irrespective of affiliation, almost 10% of medical school students showed mental illness or distress. Of the clinical scales on the MMPI, the T scores of the Pa (Paranoia), Sc (Schizophrenia), and Ma (Hypomania) scales were higher in premedical and medical school students than in graduate medical school students. In addition, the mediational role of social comparison was confirmed only in medical school students.

CONCLUSION

We demonstrated that subjective distress in certain medical school students needs to be addressed. Also, self-esteem was an important factor that correlated with mental health and distress indices. However, comparing oneself with others to enhance self-esteem by derogating or focusing could result in increased narcissism.

Liquiritigenin decreases selective molecular and behavioral effects of cocaine in rodents

Cocaine, as an indirect dopamine agonist, induces selective behavioral and physiological events such as hyperlocomotion and dopamine release. These changes are considered as consequences of cocaine-induced molecular adaptation such as CREB and c-Fos. Recently, methanolic extracts from licorice was reported to decrease cocaine-induced dopamine release and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, we investigated the effects of liquiritigenin (LQ), a main compound of licorice, on acute cocaine-induced behavioral and molecular changes in rats. LQ attenuated acute cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in dose-dependent manner. In addition, LQ inhibited CREB phosphorylation and c-Fos expression in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens induced by acute cocaine. Results provide strong evidence that LQ effectively attenuates the acute behavioral effects of cocaine exposure and prevents the induction of selective neuroadaptive changes in dopaminergic signaling pathways. Further investigation of LQ from licorice extract might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction.

Comparison of the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of patients with Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia: a prospective observation study

We compared the characteristics and outcomes of 172 Enterobacter cloacae bacteremia and 67 Enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia (EAB) cases. Antimicrobial resistance rates to E. cloacae were higher than those to E. aerogenes. However, EAB more frequently presented as septic shock and was associated with poorer outcomes.

Diagnostic performance of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay in patients with CMV gastrointestinal disease

Of 149 patients with suspected cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastrointestinal disease, 51 (36%) confirmed cases, 6 (4%) probable cases, and 64 (45%) instances of non-CMV gastrointestinal disease were analyzed using the CMV antigenemia assay; 22 patients (5%) with indeterminate gastrointestinal disease were excluded. The sensitivity and specificity of the CMV antigenemia assay (defined as detection of > or =1 positive cells per 200,000 leukocytes) for diagnosis of CMV gastrointestinal disease were 54% (95% confidence interval, 41%-68%) and 88% (95% confidence interval, 77%-94%), respectively.

Paradoxical responses in non-HIV-infected patients with peripheral lymph node tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES

We evaluated the clinical characteristics and risk factors for the paradoxical response (PR) in non-HIV-infected patients with peripheral lymph node tuberculosis (TB).

METHODS

Medical records of non-HIV-infected patients aged > or =16 years with peripheral lymph node TB treated in a tertiary hospital between January 1997 and August 2007 were analysed. PR was defined as clinical or radiological worsening of pre-existing TB lesions, or development of new lesions in a patient who had received anti-TB therapy for at least 2 weeks.

RESULTS

Three hundred patients with lymph node TB were included. Of these, 235 patients (78%) had confirmed TB; the remaining 65 (22%) had probable TB and were excluded from the final analysis. Among the 235 study patients, their mean age (+/-standard deviation) was 37.6 (+/-13.9) years and 175 (75%) were female. PR occurred in 54 (23%; 95% confidence interval 18-28%) patients, at a median onset time of 8 weeks (interquartile range, 4-14 weeks) after starting anti-TB medication. In multivariate analysis, younger age (OR 0.96), male gender (OR 2.60), and the presence of local tenderness at the time of diagnosis (OR 2.90) were independently associated with PR.

CONCLUSION

PR was relatively common, occurring in one-fifth of non-HIV-infected patients with peripheral lymph node TB, and was associated with younger age, male gender, and the presence of local tenderness.

Case of pyomyositis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum in a renal transplant recipient

We report a case of pyomyositis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum in a renal transplant recipient. M. haemophilum was identified by PCR-mediated sequence analysis of the heat shock protein gene in the DNA of the specimen. The patient was successfully treated with repeated surgical debridement and prolonged antimycobacterial therapy.