1
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Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg E, Yahav I, Markovits E, Ortenberg R, Shapira-Fromer R, Itzhaki O, Schachter J, Besser MJ, Markel G. microRNA expression patterns in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are strongly associated with response to adoptive cell transfer therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1541-1555. [PMID: 33201337 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) using autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was previously shown to yield clinical response in metastatic melanoma patients as an advanced line. Unfortunately, there is no reliable marker for predicting who will benefit from the treatment. We analyzed TIL samples from the infusion bags used for treatment of 57 metastatic melanoma patients and compared their microRNA profiles. The discovery cohort included six responding patients and seven patients with progressive disease, as defined by RECIST1.1. High throughput analysis with NanoString nCounter demonstrated significantly higher levels of miR-34a-5p and miR-22-3p among TIL from non-responders. These results were validated in TIL infusion bag samples from an independent cohort of 44 patients, using qRT-PCR of the individual microRNAs. Using classification trees, a data-driven predictive model for response was built, based on the level of expression of these microRNAs. Patients that achieved stable disease were classified with responders, setting apart the patients with progressive disease. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-34a-5p in the infused TIL created distinct survival groups, which strongly supports its role as a potential biomarker for TIL-ACT therapy. Indeed, when tested against autologous melanoma cells, miRLow TIL cultures exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic activity than miRHigh TIL cultures, and expressed features of terminally exhausted effectors. Finally, overexpression of miR-34a-5p or miR-22-3p in TIL inhibited their cytotoxic ability in vitro. Overall, we show that a two-microRNA signature correlates with failure of TIL-ACT therapy and survival in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Inbal Yahav
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ettai Markovits
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Ronnie Shapira-Fromer
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Harel M, Ortenberg R, Varanasi SK, Mangalhara KC, Mardamshina M, Markovits E, Baruch EN, Tripple V, Arama-Chayoth M, Greenberg E, Shenoy A, Ayasun R, Knafo N, Xu S, Anafi L, Yanovich-Arad G, Barnabas GD, Ashkenazi S, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Bosenberg M, Shadel GS, Barshack I, Kaech SM, Markel G, Geiger T. Proteomics of Melanoma Response to Immunotherapy Reveals Mitochondrial Dependence. Cell 2019; 179:236-250.e18. [PMID: 31495571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, yet most patients do not respond. Here, we investigated mechanisms of response by profiling the proteome of clinical samples from advanced stage melanoma patients undergoing either tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-based or anti- programmed death 1 (PD1) immunotherapy. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we quantified over 10,300 proteins in total and ∼4,500 proteins across most samples in each dataset. Statistical analyses revealed higher oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolism in responders than in non-responders in both treatments. To elucidate the effects of the metabolic state on the immune response, we examined melanoma cells upon metabolic perturbations or CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts. These experiments indicated lipid metabolism as a regulatory mechanism that increases melanoma immunogenicity by elevating antigen presentation, thereby increasing sensitivity to T cell mediated killing both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our proteomic analyses revealed association between the melanoma metabolic state and the response to immunotherapy, which can be the basis for future improvement of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Harel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Siva Karthik Varanasi
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Mariya Mardamshina
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ettai Markovits
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Erez N Baruch
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Victoria Tripple
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - May Arama-Chayoth
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel
| | - Anjana Shenoy
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ruveyda Ayasun
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Naama Knafo
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shihao Xu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liat Anafi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel
| | - Gali Yanovich-Arad
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Georgina D Barnabas
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5265601, Israel; Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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3
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Drozdov AP, Kong PP, Minkov VS, Besedin SP, Kuzovnikov MA, Mozaffari S, Balicas L, Balakirev FF, Graf DE, Prakapenka VB, Greenberg E, Knyazev DA, Tkacz M, Eremets MI. Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures. Nature 2019; 569:528-531. [PMID: 31118520 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery1 of superconductivity at 203 kelvin in H3S, attention returned to conventional superconductors with properties that can be described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer and the Migdal-Eliashberg theories. Although these theories predict the possibility of room-temperature superconductivity in metals that have certain favourable properties-such as lattice vibrations at high frequencies-they are not sufficient to guide the design or predict the properties of new superconducting materials. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory have enabled such predictions, and have suggested a new family of superconducting hydrides that possess a clathrate-like structure in which the host atom (calcium, yttrium, lanthanum) is at the centre of a cage formed by hydrogen atoms2-4. For LaH10 and YH10, the onset of superconductivity is predicted to occur at critical temperatures between 240 and 320 kelvin at megabar pressures3-6. Here we report superconductivity with a critical temperature of around 250 kelvin within the [Formula: see text] structure of LaH10 at a pressure of about 170 gigapascals. This is, to our knowledge, the highest critical temperature that has been confirmed so far in a superconducting material. Superconductivity was evidenced by the observation of zero resistance, an isotope effect, and a decrease in critical temperature under an external magnetic field, which suggested an upper critical magnetic field of about 136 tesla at zero temperature. The increase of around 50 kelvin compared with the previous highest critical temperature1 is an encouraging step towards the goal of achieving room-temperature superconductivity in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Drozdov
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - P P Kong
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - V S Minkov
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - S P Besedin
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - M A Kuzovnikov
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - S Mozaffari
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - L Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - F F Balakirev
- NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - D E Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - V B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Greenberg
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D A Knyazev
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Tkacz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M I Eremets
- Max-Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Ben-Avi R, Farhi R, Ben-Nun A, Gorodner M, Greenberg E, Markel G, Schachter J, Itzhaki O, Besser MJ. Establishment of adoptive cell therapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1221-1230. [PMID: 29845338 PMCID: PMC11028292 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TIL) yields promising clinical results in metastatic melanoma patients, who failed standard treatments. Due to the fact that metastatic lung cancer has proven to be susceptible to immunotherapy and possesses a high mutation burden, which makes it responsive to T cell attack, we explored the feasibility of TIL ACT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Multiple TIL cultures were isolated from tumor specimens of five NSCLC patients undergoing thoracic surgery. We were able to successfully establish TIL cultures by various methods from all patients within an average of 14 days. Fifteen lung TIL cultures were further expanded to treatment levels under good manufacturing practice conditions and functionally and phenotypically characterized. Lung TIL expanded equally well as 103 melanoma TIL obtained from melanoma patients previously treated at our center, and had a similar phenotype regarding PD1, CD28, and 4-1BB expressions, but contained a higher percent of CD4 T cells. Lung carcinoma cell lines were established from three patients of which two possessed TIL cultures with specific in vitro anti-tumor reactivity. Here, we report the successful pre-clinical production of TIL for immunotherapy in the lung cancer setting, which may provide a new treatment modality for patients with metastatic NSCLC. The initiation of a clinical trial is planned for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Ben-Avi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronit Farhi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-Nun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marina Gorodner
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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5
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Tschauner O, Huang S, Greenberg E, Prakapenka VB, Ma C, Rossman GR, Shen AH, Zhang D, Newville M, Lanzirotti A, Tait K. Ice-VII inclusions in diamonds: Evidence for aqueous fluid in Earth’s deep mantle. Science 2018; 359:1136-1139. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Cohen R, Greenberg E, Nemlich Y, Schachter J, Markel G. miR-17 regulates melanoma cell motility by inhibiting the translation of ETV1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19006-16. [PMID: 26158900 PMCID: PMC4662471 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with a high metastatic potential. microRNA-17 (miR-17) is a member of the oncogenic miR-17/92 cluster. Here we study the effect of miR-17 on melanoma cell motility. Over expression of the mature or pri-microRNA form of miR-17 in WM-266-4 and 624mel melanoma lines enhances cell motility, evident in both wound healing and transwell migration assays. TargetScan algorithm predicts the PEA3-subfamily member ETV1 as a direct target of miR-17. Indeed, a 3–4-fold decrease of ETV1 protein levels are observed following miR-17 transfection into the various melanoma lines, with no significant change in ETV1 mRNA expression. Dual luciferase experiments demonstrate direct binding of miR-17 to the 3′-untranslated region of ETV1, confirmed by abolishing point mutations in the putative binding site. These combined results suggest regulation of ETV1 by miR-17 by a direct translational repression. Further, in both melanoma cell lines ETV1 knockdown by selective siRNA successfully pheno-copies the facilitated cell migration, while overexpression of ETV1 inhibits cell motility and migration. Altered ETV1 expression does not affect melanoma net-proliferation. In conclusion, we show a new role for miR-17 in melanoma, facilitating cell motility, by targeting the translation of ETV1 protein, which may support the development of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Cohen
- Ella Institute of Melanoma Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Institute of Melanoma Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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7
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Alammari R, Greenberg E. 31: The hydrodissection technique in bilateral ovarian cystectomy for dermoid cysts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Galore-Haskel G, Nemlich Y, Greenberg E, Ashkenazi S, Hakim M, Itzhaki O, Shoshani N, Shapira-Fromer R, Ben-Ami E, Ofek E, Anafi L, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. A novel immune resistance mechanism of melanoma cells controlled by the ADAR1 enzyme. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28999-9015. [PMID: 26338962 PMCID: PMC4745707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The blossom of immunotherapy in melanoma highlights the need to delineate mechanisms of immune resistance. Recently, we have demonstrated that the RNA editing protein, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) is down-regulated during metastatic transition of melanoma, which enhances melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Here we investigate the role of ADAR1 in melanoma immune resistance.Importantly, knockdown of ADAR1 in human melanoma cells induces resistance to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a cell contact-dependent mechanism. We show that ADAR1, in an editing-independent manner, regulates the biogenesis of miR-222 at the transcription level and thereby Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) expression, which consequently affects melanoma immune resistance. ADAR1 thus has a novel, pivotal, role in cancer immune resistance. Corroborating with these results, the expression of miR-222 in melanoma tissue specimens was significantly higher in patients who had no clinical benefit from treatment with ipilimumab as compared to patients that responded clinically, suggesting that miR-222 could function as a biomarker for the prediction of response to ipilimumab.These results provide not only novel insights on melanoma immune resistance, but also pave the way to the development of innovative personalized tools to enable optimal drug selection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Motti Hakim
- cCAM Biotherapeutics, Misgav Industrial Park, Misgav, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Noa Shoshani
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Eytan Ben-Ami
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Efrat Ofek
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Liat Anafi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Abstract
Melanoma is a high-grade, poorly differentiated malignant tumor of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes), accounting for more than 70% of the skin cancer related deaths. Although new lines of targeted therapy and immunotherapy were introduced lately, durable responses are not common as it is hard to target the elusive metastatic phenotype. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that function as specific epigenetic regulators of the transcriptome. miRNAs are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer-related functions such as proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, immune evasion and drug resistance. These functions are mostly regulated in melanoma through four molecular deregulated pathways, including the RAS/MAPK pathway, the MITF pathway, the p16INK4A-CDK4-RB pathway and the PI3K-AKT pathway. miRNAs provide a strong platform for delineation of cancer mechanisms. Here we review the diverse roles of miRNAs in melanoma cell biology. Studying miRNA-mediated regulation of aggressive and tumor related features is expected to provide novel mechanistic insights that may pave the way for new diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools as well as new molecular targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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10
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Greenberg E, Hajdu S, Nemlich Y, Cohen R, Itzhaki O, Jacob-Hirsch J, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. Differential regulation of aggressive features in melanoma cells by members of the miR-17-92 complex. Open Biol 2015; 4:140030. [PMID: 24920276 PMCID: PMC4077061 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The various roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in controlling the phenotype of cancer cells are the focus of contemporary research efforts. We have recently shown that miR-17 directly targets the ADAR1 gene and thereby enhances melanoma cell aggressiveness. miR-17 and miR-20a belong to the miR-17/92 complex, and their mature forms are identical except for two non-seed nucleotides. Nevertheless, here we show that these two miRNAs carry markedly different effects on melanoma cells. A strong positive correlation was observed between the expression of miR-17 and miR-20a among various melanoma cultures. Luciferase assays showed that miR-17 but not miR-20a directly targets the 3’ untranslated region of the ADAR1 gene. Ectopic expression of these miRNAs in melanoma cells differentially alters the expression of five exemplar TargetScan-predicted target genes: ADAR1, ITGB8, TGFBR2, MMP2 and VEGF-A. Whole-genome expression microarrays confirm a markedly differential effect on the transcriptome. Functionally, over-expression of miR-20a but not of miR-17 in melanoma cells inhibits net proliferation in vitro. The differential functional effect was observed following ectopic expression of the mature miRNA or of the pre-miRNA sequences. This suggests that the two non-seed nucleotides dictate target sequence recognition and overall functional relevance. These miRNAs are clearly not redundant in melanoma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Greenberg
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Steven Hajdu
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronit Cohen
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Michal J Besser
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Sheba Medical Center, Ella Institute of Melanoma, Ramat Gan, Israel Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Ortenberg R, Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg I, Zamlin B, Sapoznik S, Greenberg E, Barshack I, Avivi C, Feiler Y, Zan-Bar I, Besser MJ, Azizi E, Eitan F, Schachter J, Markel G. CEACAM1 promotes melanoma cell growth through Sox-2. Neoplasia 2014; 16:451-60. [PMID: 24931667 PMCID: PMC4198694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in melanoma was demonstrated more than a decade ago as superior to Breslow score. We have previously shown that intercellular homophilic CEACAM1 interactions protect melanoma cells from lymphocyte-mediated elimination. Here, we study the direct effects of CEACAM1 on melanoma cell biology. By employing tissue microarrays and low-passage primary cultures of metastatic melanoma, we show that CEACAM1 expression gradually increases from nevi to metastatic specimens, with a strong dominance of the CEACAM1-Long tail splice variant. Using experimental systems of CEACAM1 knockdown and overexpression of selective variants or truncation mutants, we prove that only the full-length long tail variant enhances melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. This effect is not reversed with a CEACAM1-blocking antibody, suggesting that it is not mediated by intercellular homophilic interactions. Downstream, CEACAM1-Long increases the expression of Sox-2, which we show to be responsible for the CEACAM1-mediated enhanced proliferation. Furthermore, analysis of the CEACAM1 promoter reveals two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly enhance the promoter's activity compared with the consensus nucleotides. Importantly, case-control genetic SNP analysis of 134 patients with melanoma and matched healthy donors show that patients with melanoma do not exhibit the Hardy-Weinberg balance and that homozygous SNP genotype enhances the hazard ratio to develop melanoma by 35%. These observations shed new mechanistic light on the role of CEACAM1 in melanoma, forming the basis for development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilanit Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Bella Zamlin
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Sapoznik
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Yulia Feiler
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Israel Zan-Bar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ester Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Friedman Eitan
- The Susanne-Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Nemlich Y, Greenberg E, Ortenberg R, Besser MJ, Barshack I, Jacob-Hirsch J, Jacoby E, Eyal E, Rivkin L, Prieto VG, Chakravarti N, Duncan LM, Kallenberg DM, Galun E, Bennett DC, Amariglio N, Bar-Eli M, Schachter J, Rechavi G, Markel G. MicroRNA-mediated loss of ADAR1 in metastatic melanoma promotes tumor growth. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2703-18. [PMID: 23728176 DOI: 10.1172/jci62980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some solid tumors have reduced posttranscriptional RNA editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, but the functional significance of this alteration has been unclear. Here, we found the primary RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is frequently reduced in metastatic melanomas. In situ analysis of melanoma samples using progression tissue microarrays indicated a substantial downregulation of ADAR1 during the metastatic transition. Further, ADAR1 knockdown altered cell morphology, promoted in vitro proliferation, and markedly enhanced the tumorigenicity in vivo. A comparative whole genome expression microarray analysis revealed that ADAR1 controls the expression of more than 100 microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate many genes associated with the observed phenotypes. Importantly, we discovered that ADAR1 fundamentally regulates miRNA processing in an RNA binding–dependent, yet RNA editing–independent manner by regulating Dicer expression at the translational level via let-7. In addition, ADAR1 formed a complex with DGCR8 that was mutually exclusive with the DGCR8-Drosha complex that processes pri-miRNAs in the nucleus. We found that cancer cells silence ADAR1 by overexpressing miR-17 and miR-432, which both directly target the ADAR1 transcript. We further demonstrated that the genes encoding miR-17 and miR-432 are frequently amplified in melanoma and that aberrant hypomethylation of the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 region in chromosome 14 can also drive miR-432 overexpression.
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Greenberg E, Besser MJ, Ben-Ami E, Shapira-Frommer R, Itzhaki O, Zikich D, Levy D, Kubi A, Eyal E, Onn A, Cohen Y, Barshack I, Schachter J, Markel G. A comparative analysis of total serum miRNA profiles identifies novel signature that is highly indicative of metastatic melanoma: a pilot study. Biomarkers 2013; 18:502-8. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.816777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Greenberg E, Rozenberg GK, Xu W, Pasternak MP, Dubrovinsky LS, McCammon C. Pressure-induced structural and related electronic transitions in CaFe 2O 4and Fe 2O 3. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312098091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Nemlich Y, Greenberg E, Ortenberg R, Besser M, Barshack I, Kallenberg D, Bar-Eli M, Schachter J, Rechavi G, Markel G. 126 Fundamental Cell Regulation by ADAR1 Enzyme is Lost in Metastasis by MicroRNAs to Promote Malignancy. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Greenberg E, Eyal E, Rechavi G, Shomron N, Schachter J, Markel G, Nemlich Y, Hajdu S, Itzhaki O, Edry L, Solomon O, Amariglio N, Besser MJ, Keisari Y. Abstract B24: New views on microRNAs involvement in melanoma. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.nonrna12-b24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory roles, which are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Most published data is focused on miRNAs that are differentially expressed between melanocytes and melanoma cells. These experiments lead to the discovery of a plurality of new miRNA-based mechanisms. However, this widely common approach fails to address at least two important issues: a) the effect of genomic mutations on target gene regulation by miRNAs; b) the role of miRNAs in shaping the phenotypic heterogeneous nature of metastatic disease. Here we address these issues to provide new insights on the pathogenesis of melanoma and facilitate the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic implementations.
Melanoma cells acquire tens of thousands of genomic mutations, most of which are defined as “passengers” and few as “drivers”. We analyzed a fully sequenced genome of melanoma tumor and found that >200 mutations hit the 3′UTR of genes, the main target area of miRNAs (out of 499 that hit transcribed genes). Three different computational algorithms (PITA, miRanda and our in-house tool, MirHB) concur and predict that these somatic mutations globally reduce the binding of miRNAs to the mutated 3′UTRs. This phenomenon is not genome-specific and proved to reflects the nature of the characteristic UV-induced mutation, C-to-T. Accordingly, mutation patterns in other malignancies, which are not primarily induced by UV-radiation, such as lung cancer and AML, do not yield similar predictions. This indicates that miRNA-based regulation can progressively perturb even with no apparent alterations in the expression of miRNAs. We define these mutations as “dormant drivers”, as each mutation is expected to have a moderate effect, but the cumulative effect is significant.
We next identified miRNAs that regulate the aggressive phenotype of established melanoma cells. For that purpose, we tested two isogenic human melanoma cell lines (derived from the same patient) that dramatically differ in net proliferation, invasion, tube formation and tumorigenicity in vivo. Comparative screening revealed a large cohort of differentially expressed miRNAs. Molecular manipulation of highly ranked miRNAs (miR-31, -34a, -184, -185 and -204 and miR-17-5p) resulted in significant changes of the aggressive phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, none of these miRNAs has been studied in cutaneous melanoma before. In conclusion, this study might lead to the development of novel lines of therapy.
Citation Format: Eyal Greenberg, Eran Eyal, Gideon Rechavi, Noam Shomron, Jacob Schachter, Gal Markel, Yael Nemlich, Steven Hajdu, Orit Itzhaki, Liat Edry, Oz Solomon, Ninette Amariglio, Michal J. Besser, Yona Keisari. New views on microRNAs involvement in melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Greenberg
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Eyal
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Steven Hajdu
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liat Edry
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oz Solomon
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yona Keisari
- 1Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Greenberg E, Rechavi G, Amariglio N, Solomon O, Schachter J, Markel G, Eyal E. Mutagen-specific mutation signature determines global microRNA binding. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27400. [PMID: 22096567 PMCID: PMC3212558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene products at the post-transcriptional level. It is thought that loss of cell regulation by miRNAs supports cancer development. Based on whole genome sequencing of a melanoma tumor, we predict, using three different computational algorithms, that the melanoma somatic mutations globally reduce binding of miRNAs to the mutated 3'UTRs. This phenomenon reflects the nature of the characteristic UV-induced mutation, C-to-T. Furthermore, we show that seed regions are enriched with Guanine, thus rendering miRNAs prone to reduced binding to UV-mutated 3'UTRs. Accordingly, mutation patterns in non UV-induced malignancies e.g. lung cancer and leukemia do not yield similar predictions. It is suggested that UV-induced disruption of miRNA-mediated gene regulation plays a carcinogenic role. Remarkably, dark-skinned populations have significantly higher GC content in 3'UTR SNPs than light-skinned populations, which implies on evolutionary pressure to preserve regulation by trans-acting oligonucleotides under conditions with excess UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Oz Solomon
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Eyal
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Rozenberg GK, Arielly R, Xu WM, Greenberg E, Pasternak MP, Garbarino G, Clark S. Structural and related electronic transitions in GaFeO 3under high pressure. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311087344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Greenberg E, Hershkovitz L, Itzhaki O, Hajdu S, Nemlich Y, Ortenberg R, Gefen N, Edry L, Modai S, Keisari Y, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Shomron N, Markel G. Regulation of cancer aggressive features in melanoma cells by microRNAs. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18936. [PMID: 21541354 PMCID: PMC3081841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory roles, which are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. A common strategy for identification of miRNAs involved in cell transformation is to compare malignant cells to normal cells. Here we focus on identification of miRNAs that regulate the aggressive phenotype of melanoma cells. To avoid differences due to genetic background, a comparative high-throughput miRNA profiling was performed on two isogenic human melanoma cell lines that display major differences in their net proliferation, invasion and tube formation activities. This screening revealed two major cohorts of differentially expressed miRNAs. We speculated that miRNAs up-regulated in the more-aggressive cell line contribute oncogenic features, while the down-regulated miRNAs are tumor suppressive. This assumption was further tested experimentally on five candidate tumor suppressive miRNAs (miR-31, -34a, -184, -185 and -204) and on one candidate oncogenic miRNA (miR-17-5p), all of which have never been reported before in cutaneous melanoma. Remarkably, all candidate Suppressive-miRNAs inhibited net proliferation, invasion or tube formation, while miR-17-5p enhanced cell proliferation. miR-34a and miR-185 were further shown to inhibit the growth of melanoma xenografts when implanted in SCID-NOD mice. Finally, all six candidate miRNAs were detected in 15 different metastatic melanoma specimens, attesting for the physiological relevance of our findings. Collectively, these findings may prove instrumental for understanding mechanisms of disease and for development of novel therapeutic and staging technologies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Hershkovitz
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Steven Hajdu
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nir Gefen
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liat Edry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Modai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Keisari
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Robinson C, Greenberg E. Single Port Laparoscopic Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Greenberg E, Rouquette J, McCammon CA, Kantor I, Prakapenka V, Dubrovinsky LS, Rozenberg GK, Pasternak MP. Structural studies of γ-Fe 2SiO 4ringwoodite and its high-pressure polymorph. Acta Crystallogr A 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767310099034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Itzhaki O, Greenberg E, Besser M, Nemlich Y, Ortenberg R, Schachter J, Treves A, Markel G. 449 Inhibition of vascular-like network formation of highly aggressive melanoma. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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23
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Greenberg E, Itzhaki O, Hershkovitz L, Nemlich Y, Ortenberg R, Besser M, Keisari Y, Schachter J, Shomron N, Markel G. 537 The role of microRNA molecules in the regulation of aggressive features in melanoma. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Nemlich Y, Ortenberg R, Greenberg E, Jacob-Hirsch J, Barshack I, Besser M, Schachter J, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Markel G. 375 The role of A to I RNA editing enzymes in melanoma. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, McCammon C, Narygina O, Greenberg E, Ubelhack S, Chumakov AI, Pascarelli S, Prakapenka V, Bock J, Dubrovinskaia N. Portable laser-heating system for diamond anvil cells. J Synchrotron Radiat 2009; 16:737-741. [PMID: 19844007 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique coupled with laser heating has become the most successful method for studying materials in the multimegabar pressure range at high temperatures. However, so far all DAC laser-heating systems have been stationary: they are linked either to certain equipment or to a beamline. Here, a portable laser-heating system for DACs has been developed which can be moved between various analytical facilities, including transfer from in-house to a synchrotron or between synchrotron beamlines. Application of the system is demonstrated in an example of nuclear inelastic scattering measurements of ferropericlase (Mg(0.88)Fe(0.12))O and h.c.p.-Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) alloy, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy of (Mg(0.85)Fe(0.15))SiO(3) majorite at high pressures and temperatures. Our results indicate that sound velocities of h.c.p.-Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) at pressures up to 50 GPa and high temperatures do not follow a linear relation with density.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Chernyshov D, Rozenberg G, Greenberg E, Pomyakushina E, Dmitriev V. Pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition in TbBaCo_{2}O_{5.48}. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:125501. [PMID: 19792444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.125501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
TbBaCo_{2}O_{5.48} has been studied by high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction together with resistivity measurements as a function of temperature and pressure. It was found that under pressure a structural phase transition takes place corroborating with a sluggish insulator-to-metal transition. An onset of the metallic state was deduced from a gradual drop of resistivity at the range 3-10 GPa culminating into the change in sign of dR/dT, from negative to positive, at P >or= 10 GPa; at the same pressure range there is a change of lattice strain components calculated from the unit cell dimensions. The changes in structural and transport properties are very similar to those found on heating at ambient pressure implying a common mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chernyshov
- Swiss-Norwegian Beam Lines at ESRF, BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Camposano SE, Greenberg E, Kwiatkowski DJ, Thiele EA. Distinct clinical characteristics of tuberous sclerosis complex patients with no mutation identified. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 73:141-6. [PMID: 19133941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multi-system disorder that is highly variable in its clinical presentation. Current molecular diagnostic methods permit identification of mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 in 75-85% of TSC patients. Here we examine the clinical characteristics of those TSC patients who have no mutation identified (NMI). A retrospective review of our patient population that had comprehensive testing for mutations in TSC1/TSC2 identified 23/157 (15%) that were NMI. NMI patients had a lower incidence of brain findings on imaging studies, neurological features, and renal findings than those with TSC2 mutations. In contrast, NMI patients had a lower incidence of seizures than TSC patients with TSC1 mutations, but had a higher incidence of both renal angiomyolipomas and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. This distinct constellation of findings suggest that NMI patients may have a unique molecular pathogenesis, different from that seen in TSC patients with the usual mutations in TSC1 and TSC2. We suggest that the mechanisms of disease in these patients include both mosaicism for a TSC2 mutation, and unusual non-coding region mutations in TSC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Camposano
- Carol and James Herscot Center for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The relationship between diabetes and periodontal diseases is well established. Our aim in this study was to explore the diabetes-related parameters that are associated with accelerated periodontal destruction in diabetic youth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three-hundred and fifty 6-18-year-old children with diabetes received a periodontal examination. Data on important diabetes-related variables were collected. Analyses were performed using logistic regression, with gingival/periodontal disease as the dependent variable, for the whole cohort and separately for two subgroups (6-11 and 12-18 years of age). RESULTS Regression analyses, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of prior dental visits, dental plaque, and dental examiner, revealed a strong positive association between mean hemoglobin A1c over the 2 years prior to inclusion in the study and periodontitis (odds ratio = 1.31, p = 0.030). This association approached significance in the younger subgroup (odds ratio = 1.56, p = 0.052, n = 183). There was no significant relationship between diabetes duration or body mass index-for-age and measures of gingival/periodontal disease in this cohort. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that accelerated periodontal destruction in young people with diabetes is related to the level of metabolic control. Good metabolic control may be important in addressing periodontal complications in young patients with diabetes, similarly to what is well established for other systemic complications of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lalla
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Monson BK, Greenberg PB, Greenberg E, Fujimoto JG, Srinivasan VJ, Duker JS. High-speed, ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography of acute macular neuroretinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:119-20. [PMID: 17179129 PMCID: PMC1857581 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.098871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Reisfeld R, Nathanson S, Greenberg E. Energy transfer from adenosine 5'-triphosphate to europium and interaction between europium and adenosine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate at room temoperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100564a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Choanal atresia is a well-known entity with various surgical approaches. The introduction of nasal endoscopic surgery made the endoscopic approach the most popular one because of excellent visualization and a good view of the choana to remove enough vomerian septal bone. Seven patients with choanal atresia were treated with 9 endoscopic procedures. Some practical operative details are described that can minimize the chance for restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Uri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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33
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Barzilai G, Braverman I, Karmeli R, Greenberg E. How did it get there? A coiled metal foreign body in an unusual cervical position. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 124:590-1. [PMID: 11337673 DOI: 10.1067/mhn.2001.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Barzilai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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Grunberg L, Moore SY, Greenberg E. Differences in psychological and physical health among layoff survivors: the effect of layoff contact. J Occup Health Psychol 2001. [PMID: 11199253 DOI: 10.1037//1076-8998.6.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined health and well-being among workers who have experienced varying types of contact with layoffs in an organization undergoing downsizing. Using survey data from a large organization employing both white- and blue-collar workers (N = 2,279), the authors argued that there are important differences among surviving workers as a function of their layoff experiences. Having any kind of personal contact with layoffs is found to be associated with less job security, more symptoms of poor health, depression, and eating changes as compared with having no layoff contact. Being laid off and rehired is associated with more work-related injuries and illnesses and missed work days due to such events than is receiving a "warn" notice, indirect contact (i.e., friends or coworkers laid off), or no contact with layoffs. Job security partially mediates the relationship between type of layoff contact experiences and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grunberg
- Department of Comparative Sociology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98416, USA.
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Moore S, Grunberg L, Greenberg E. The relationships between alcohol problems and well-being, work attitudes, and performance: are they monotonic? J Subst Abuse 2001; 11:183-204. [PMID: 10989778 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-3289(00)00020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigators who have examined the relationship between work characteristics and off-the-job alcohol consumption or problems have typically assumed a linear or monotonic relationship (e.g., as work pressures increase, so do alcohol consumption and problems). In the present study, we examine this monotonicity assumption by investigating the nature of the relationships between alcohol problems and multiple demographic, work attitude, well-being, and work performance variables. METHOD Survey data and data from company records were collected from a large sample of blue- and white-collar employees (N = 2,279). Participation was voluntary, confidential, and compensated with a $20 payment. RESULTS Evidence for several different types of statistical relationships between alcohol problems and other variables were found through both analyses of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA). There were several variables that were linearly related to alcohol problems. There was also some support for a "threshold" effect where only the most problematic drinkers (2.6% of sample) showed declines on job attitude and general well-being indices. In some cases, those who drank but report no alcohol problems showed significantly more positive job and life attitudes than either those who abstained or those who had relatively more alcohol problems. IMPLICATIONS We conclude that strict linearly based relationships might not necessarily explain the work-to-drink relationship most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, USA.
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36
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Abstract
This study examined health and well-being among workers who have experienced varying types of contact with layoffs in an organization undergoing downsizing. Using survey data from a large organization employing both white- and blue-collar workers (N = 2,279), the authors argued that there are important differences among surviving workers as a function of their layoff experiences. Having any kind of personal contact with layoffs is found to be associated with less job security, more symptoms of poor health, depression, and eating changes as compared with having no layoff contact. Being laid off and rehired is associated with more work-related injuries and illnesses and missed work days due to such events than is receiving a "warn" notice, indirect contact (i.e., friends or coworkers laid off), or no contact with layoffs. Job security partially mediates the relationship between type of layoff contact experiences and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grunberg
- Department of Comparative Sociology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98416, USA.
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37
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Doweck I, Barak M, Uri N, Greenberg E. The prognostic value of the tumour marker Cyfra 21-1 in carcinoma of head and neck and its role in early detection of recurrent disease. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:1696-701. [PMID: 11104568 PMCID: PMC2363457 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines a new tumour marker, Cyfra 21-1, as a prognostic marker in predicting the survival of H&N cancer patients, and its correlation with clinical outcome during prolonged follow up of these patients. The study included 67 patients with primary detection of carcinoma of H&N. The survival of these patients was evaluated in correlation with the disease stage and Cyfra 21-1 levels at initial diagnosis. 38 patients were followed clinically and with serial assays for at least 12 months, or until recurrence was diagnosed. Cyfra 21-1 levels were determined periodically, using an Elisa kit. Patients with Cyfra 21-1 < 1.5 ng ml(-1)had a higher survival rate compared to patients with Cyfra 21-1 > or = 1.5 ng ml(-1)(63% vs. 20%, respectively). The risk ratio of Ln(Cyfra 21-1) is 1.62 (P = 0.028). In a Cox regression model that included the disease stage and Ln(Cyfra 21-1), Ln(Cyfra 21-1) was preferred as the main parameter for predicting patients survival. In 83% of the 12 patients with recurrent or residual disease, Cyfra 21-1 was elevated before or during clinical detection of the recurrence. Cyfra 21-1 was found to be a prognostic marker for carcinoma of H&N, unrelated to the stage of the disease. Elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1 without clinical evidence of disease can be attributed to the marker's mean lead-time as compared to the clinical appearance of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Doweck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal St., Haifa, Israel
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38
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biopsy
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Cellulitis/drug therapy
- Cellulitis/etiology
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy
- Escherichia coli Infections/etiology
- Fatal Outcome
- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy
- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/blood
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemic Infiltration
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Platelet Count
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cohen-Kerem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Institute of Hematology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- I Braverman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Irael
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40
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Prieve B, Dalzell L, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, DeCristofaro J, Gravel J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Orlando M, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Spivak L, Stevens F. The New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: outpatient outcome measures. Ear Hear 2000; 21:104-17. [PMID: 10777018 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate outpatient outcome measures of a multi-center, state-wide, universal newborn hearing screening project. DESIGN Eight hospitals participated in a 3-yr, funded project. Each hospital designed its own protocol using common criteria for judging whether an infant passed a hearing screening. Infants were tested in the hospital, and those either failing the in-hospital screening or who were not tested in the hospital (missed) were asked to return 4 to 6 wk after hospital discharge for outpatient rescreening. Those infants failing the outpatient rescreening were referred for diagnostic auditory brain stem response testing. Each hospital used its own audiological equipment and criteria to determine whether a particular infant had a hearing loss. All data were collected and analyzed for individual hospitals, as well as totaled across all hospitals. Data were analyzed in terms of year of program operation, nursery type, and geographic region. RESULTS Seventy-two percent of infants who failed the in-hospital screening returned for outpatient testing. The percentage of in-hospital fails returning for retesting was significantly higher than the percentage of in-hospital misses returning for retesting. The percentage of infants returning for retesting increased with successive years of program operation. Some differences were noted in the percentage of infants returning for retesting among hospitals and geographic regions of the state. Some differences in outpatient outcome measures also were noted between infants originally born into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the well-baby nursery (WBN). The percentage of infants from the NICU who returned for retesting was slightly higher than that for infants from the WBN. The percentage of infants from the WBN passing the outpatient rescreening was higher than that for the NICU infants. The overall prevalence of hearing loss was 1.96/1000, with that in the NICU being 8/1000 and that in the WBN being 0.9/1000. Positive predictive value for permanent hearing loss based on inpatient screening was approximately 4% and based on outpatient rescreening was approximately 22%. CONCLUSIONS Several outpatient outcome measures changed with successive years of program operation, suggesting that programs improve over time. Also, some outpatient outcome measures differ between NICU and WBN populations. The differences noted across regions of the state in the percentage of infants returning for outpatient retesting require further research to determine whether differences are due to demographic and/or procedural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prieve
- Syracuse University, New York, USA
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Gravel J, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, Dalzell L, DeCristofaro J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Orlando M, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Spivak L, Stevens F, Prieve B. New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: effects of screening protocol on inpatient outcome measures. Ear Hear 2000; 21:131-40. [PMID: 10777020 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences among various test protocols on the fail rate at hospital discharge for infants in the well-baby nursery (WBN) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who received hearing screening through a universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project. DESIGN The outcomes of several screening protocols were examined. Two technologies were used: transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) alone or in combination with the auditory brain stem response (ABR). The performance of test protocols in both nurseries within eight hospitals was examined over a 2- to 3-yr period. In the WBN, six hospitals used a screening protocol of TEOAE technology first followed by an ABR (automated or conventional) technology screening for newborns who referred on TEOAE screening. Two hospitals used TEOAE only in the WBN. Seven hospitals used screening protocols in the NICU that used a combination of TEOAE and ABR technologies (TEOAE technology administered first or second, before or after TEOAE, or TEOAE and ABR tests on all infants). Only one hospital used TEOAE technology exclusively for hearing screening. RESULTS Significant differences among screening protocols were found across hospitals in the first, second, and third years of the program. The combination of TEOAE technology and ABR technology (a two-technology screening protocol) resulted in a significantly lower fail rate at hospital discharge than the use of a single-technology (TEOAE). Fail rates at discharge were twice as high using the one-technology protocol versus two-technology protocol, even when the best outcomes from program year 3 were considered exclusively. Results of two-technology versus one-technology protocols were similar in the NICU. Use of a second technology for screening TEOAE fails significantly reduced every hospital that used the protocol's fail rate at discharge. CONCLUSIONS A two-technology screening protocol resulted in significantly lower fail rates at hospital discharge in both the WBN and NICU nurseries than use of a single-technology (TEOAE) hearing screening protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gravel
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Dalzell L, Orlando M, MacDonald M, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, DeCristofaro J, Gravel J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Spivak L, Stevens F, Prieve B. The New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention. Ear Hear 2000; 21:118-30. [PMID: 10777019 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention through a multi-center, state-wide universal newborn hearing screening project. DESIGN Universal newborn hearing screening was conducted at eight hospitals across New York State. All infants who did not bilaterally pass hearing screening before discharge were recalled for outpatient retesting. Inpatient screening and outpatient rescreening were done with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and/or auditory brain stem response testing. Diagnostic testing was performed with age appropriate tests, auditory brain stem response and/or visual reinforcement audiometry. Infants diagnosed with permanent hearing loss were considered for hearing aids and early intervention. Ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention were investigated regarding nursery type, risk status, unilateral versus bilateral hearing loss, loss type, loss severity, and state regions. RESULTS The prevalence of infants diagnosed with permanent hearing loss was 2.0/1000 (85 of 43,311). Of the 85 infants with hearing loss, 61% were from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and 67% were at risk for hearing loss. Of the 36 infants fitted with hearing aids, 58% were from NICUs and 78% were at risk for hearing loss. The median age at identification and enrollment in early intervention was 3 mo. Median age at hearing aid fitting was 7.5 mo. Median ages at identification were less for infants from the well-baby nurseries (WBNs) than for the NICU infants and for infants with severe/profound than for infants with mild/moderate hearing loss, but were similar for not-at-risk and at-risk infants. Median ages at hearing aid fitting were less for well babies than for NICU infants, for not-at-risk infants than for at-risk infants, and for infants with severe/ profound hearing loss than for infants with mild/ moderate hearing loss. However, median ages at early intervention enrollment were similar for nursery types, risk status, and severity of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Early ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention can be achieved for infants from NICUs and WBNs and for infants at risk and not at risk for hearing loss in a large multi-center universal newborn hearing screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dalzell
- Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA
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43
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Spivak L, Dalzell L, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, DeCristofaro J, Gravel J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Orlando M, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Stevens F, Prieve B. New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: inpatient outcome measures. Ear Hear 2000; 21:92-103. [PMID: 10777017 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of universal newborn hearing screening by examining inpatient outcome measures from 8 hospitals located in geographically diverse areas of New York State over a 3-yr period. DESIGN Funding was provided by the New York State Department of Health to implement predischarge hearing screening programs in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and well-baby nurseries (WBNs) of eight hospitals. Various screening protocols including transient evoked otoacoustic emissions alone or in combination with conventional auditory brain stem response or screening auditory brain stem response were implemented by each site. Measured outcomes included rate of misses, refusals, and fails. Results were analyzed as a function of year of operation, nursery type, and geographic location. RESULTS Six out of eight hospitals successfully implemented universal hearing screening during the first year, and the remaining 2 hospitals implemented programs during the second year of the project. Over a period of 3 yr, 69,761 newborns were screened at the eight hospitals representing 96.9% of all live births. The overall fail rate (4.04%) combined with the miss rate (2.61%) resulted in 6.63% of infants referred for outpatient follow-up. Mean data indicated that inpatient outcome measures improved with year of operation, with most individual hospitals also showing improvements. Both fail and miss rates were higher in the NICU than in the WBN and for hospitals located in New York City than in other regions of the state. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient outcome measures of a universal newborn hearing screening project, which involved multiple centers across geographically diverse regions of New York State, were acceptable in terms of successfully screening a high percentage of live births and attaining low refer rates for outpatient screening. This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the feasibility of screening all newborns before hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spivak
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York 11042,USA
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Affiliation(s)
- I Braverman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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45
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Abstract
Acute mastoiditis in children remains an otological problem. Although the widespread use of antibiotics has reduced the need for surgical intervention, surgery is frequently used in the treatment of acute mastoiditis and its complications. The charts of 44 patients hospitalized with signs of acute mastoiditis were reviewed. In 43.2 per cent of all patients, acute mastoiditis was the presenting sign of acute middle-ear infection. Post-auricular erythema and protrusion of the auricle were the most frequent signs at presentation. All four signs (post-auricular erythema, oedema, tenderness, and protrusion of the auricle) were present in 40.9 per cent of patients. No bacterial pathogen was isolated in 45.5 per cent of ear cultures. Complicated acute mastoiditis was diagnosed in 13.7 per cent of the patients. Eighty-seven per cent of patients responded well to intravenous antibiotics and myringotomy, and in 11.4 per cent mastoidectomy or abscess drainage were performed. We conclude that nearly all patients with uncomplicated mastoiditis recover following intravenous antibiotics and myringotomy. Mastoidectomy should be performed in selected cases, such as cases of complicated acute mastoiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cohen-Kerem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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46
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Grunberg L, Moore S, Anderson-Connolly R, Greenberg E. Work stress and self-reported alcohol use: the moderating role of escapist reasons for drinking. J Occup Health Psychol 1999. [PMID: 10100111 DOI: 10.1037//1076-8998.4.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the moderating role of escapist reasons for drinking alcohol in the job stress/self-reported alcohol use and problems relationship. It was hypothesized that higher levels of job stress would be associated with higher levels of self-reported drinking (H1) and drinking problems (H2) only for those who endorsed escapist reasons for drinking. For those who did not hold such beliefs, higher levels of job stress were predicted to be associated with lower self-reported alcohol intake (H3) and problems (H4). Survey data from white- and blue-collar workers employed across all paycodes and positions were collected randomly at a large manufacturing organization (62% response rate). Participants responded to questions concerning work stress, reasons for drinking, alcohol intake, and alcohol problems. Using only nonabstainers with complete data (N = 1,645), results from regression analyses generally supported all hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grunberg
- Department of Comparative Sociology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98416, USA.
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Grunberg L, Moore S, Anderson-Connolly R, Greenberg E. Work stress and self-reported alcohol use: the moderating role of escapist reasons for drinking. J Occup Health Psychol 1999; 4:29-36. [PMID: 10100111 DOI: 10.1037/1076-8998.4.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the moderating role of escapist reasons for drinking alcohol in the job stress/self-reported alcohol use and problems relationship. It was hypothesized that higher levels of job stress would be associated with higher levels of self-reported drinking (H1) and drinking problems (H2) only for those who endorsed escapist reasons for drinking. For those who did not hold such beliefs, higher levels of job stress were predicted to be associated with lower self-reported alcohol intake (H3) and problems (H4). Survey data from white- and blue-collar workers employed across all paycodes and positions were collected randomly at a large manufacturing organization (62% response rate). Participants responded to questions concerning work stress, reasons for drinking, alcohol intake, and alcohol problems. Using only nonabstainers with complete data (N = 1,645), results from regression analyses generally supported all hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grunberg
- Department of Comparative Sociology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington 98416, USA.
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48
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Taylor A, Manatunga A, Morton K, Reese L, Prato FS, Greenberg E, Folks R, Kemp BJ, Jones ME, Corrigan PE, Galt J, Eshima L. Multicenter trial validation of a camera-based method to measure Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine, or Tc-99m MAG3, clearance. Radiology 1997; 204:47-54. [PMID: 9205222 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.204.1.9205222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate an improved camera-based method for calculating the clearance of technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) in a multicenter trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tc-99m MAG3 scintigraphy was performed in 49 patients at three sites in the United States and Canada. The percentage of the injected dose of Tc-99m MAG3 in the kidney at 1-2, 1.0-2.5, and 2-3 minutes after injection was correlated with the plasma-based Tc-99m MAG3 clearances. The data were combined with the results obtained in 20 additional patients in a previously published pilot study. RESULTS Regression models correlating the plasma-based Tc-99m MAG3 clearance with the percentage uptake in the kidney for each time interval were developed; there was no statistically significant difference among sites in the regression equations. Correction for body surface area statistically significantly (P < .005) improved the correlation coefficient for each time interval. For the 1.0-2.5-minute interval, the body surface area-corrected correlation coefficient for the four combined sites was .87, and it improved to .93 when one outlier was omitted from the analysis. Similar results were obtained with the other time intervals. Independent processing by two observers showed no clinically important differences in the percentage dose in the kidney or in relative function. CONCLUSION An improved camera-based method to calculate the clearance of Tc-99m MAG3 was validated in a multicenter trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taylor
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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49
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Abstract
Cell iron status was assessed in terms of its capacity to mediate cell injury by pro-oxidants. Cultured K562 cells, which maintain a stable cytosolic labile iron pool (LIP) of < 0.5 microM, underwent distinct changes after short exposures to transferrin (Tf) followed by t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP): (a) rise in LIP, detectable fluorimetrically; (b) increased lipid peroxidation and (c) eventual cell death. All of these effects were inhibited by weak bases or iron chelators. Similarly, hydrogen peroxide caused rises in both LIP and oxidant species detectable with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, which were enhanced by preincubation with Tf. The Tf-delivered iron disappeared from LIP and the TBHP-reactive pool with a t1/2 < 30 min. The results indicate that the catalytic potential of iron is highest while in transit between endosomes and cytosolic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Breuer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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50
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Abstract
Cyclosporine recently has become part of the treatment regimen for patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease, though it is still considered investigational for that purpose. However, little attention has been given to the potential hepatotoxicity associated with cyclosporine administration. This can be especially significant in patients with preexisting abnormalities of liver function, including those induced by total parenteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Moore
- Department of Surgery, Temple University/Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center, Johnstown, PA, USA
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