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Lippi I, Perondi F, Gori E, Pierini A, Bernicchi L, Marchetti V. Serum Bicarbonate Deficiency in Dogs with Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050363. [PMID: 37235446 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum bicarbonate deficiency is a disorder frequently found in human patients with acute (AKI) and chronic (CKD) kidney disease, due to abnormalities in kidney generation and reabsorption of bicarbonate. Although alkali supplementation is usually performed in both humans and veterinary CKD patients, data regarding the frequency of bicarbonate disorders in AKI and CKD dogs are scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess the frequency and the severity of bicarbonate deficiency of dogs affected by AKI, acute chronic kidney disease (ACKD), and CKD, and to investigate its possible association with the IRIS grade/stage as well as with disorders of calcium phosphate metabolism. A retrospective evaluation of the serum biochemical panels of all dogs with diagnoses of AKI, ACKD, and CKD referred to the nephrology and urology service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Pisa, between January 2014 and January 2022, was performed. Bicarbonate deficiency was defined as serum bicarbonate < 22 mmol/L and classified as moderate (between 18 and 22 mmol/L) or severe (<18 mmol/L). Serum bicarbonate deficiency was found in 397/521 dogs (76%), of which 142/397 (36%) showed moderate deficiency, and 255/397 (64%) severe deficiency. Dogs with AKI and ACKD showed a significantly higher frequency of bicarbonate deficiency (p = 0.004) and severe forms compared to CKD dogs (p = 0.02). In AKI and ACKD dogs, a negative linear correlation was found between serum bicarbonate and serum creatinine, urea, and phosphate. The frequency of bicarbonate deficiency was higher in the later stages of the disease in both AKI (p = 0.01), ACKD (p = 0.0003), and CKD dogs (p = 0.009). Dogs with serum CaxP ≥ 70 mg2/dL2 showed a higher frequency of bicarbonate deficiency (p = 0.01) and showed severe forms (p = 0.01) compared to dogs with CaxP < 70 mg2/dL2. Serum bicarbonate deficiency seems to be a very frequent disorder in both AKI, ACKD, and CKD dogs, with an increasing frequency and severity in more advanced stages of kidney disease. The higher frequency and severity of bicarbonate deficiency in AKI and ACKD may be caused by a more severe and sudden loss of kidney function, or extra-renal factors. Finally, the association between frequency and severity of bicarbonate deficiency and abnormal CaxP may suggest a potential connection between metabolic acidosis and bone mineral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lippi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bernicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Faillace L, Alesini D, Bisogni G, Bosco F, Carillo M, Cirrone P, Cuttone G, De Arcangelis D, De Gregorio A, Di Martino F, Favaudon V, Ficcadenti L, Francescone D, Franciosini G, Gallo A, Heinrich S, Migliorati M, Mostacci A, Palumbo L, Patera V, Patriarca A, Pensavalle J, Perondi F, Remetti R, Sarti A, Spataro B, Torrisi G, Vannozzi A, Giuliano L. Perspectives in linear accelerator for FLASH VHEE: Study of a compact C-band system. Phys Med 2022; 104:149-159. [PMID: 36427487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to translate the FLASH effect in clinical use and to treat deep tumors, Very High Electron Energy irradiations could represent a valid technique. Here, we address the main issues in the design of a VHEE FLASH machine. We present preliminary results for a compact C-band system aiming to reach a high accelerating gradient and high current necessary to deliver a Ultra High Dose Rate with a beam pulse duration of 3μs. METHODS The proposed system is composed by low energy high current injector linac followed by a high acceleration gradient structure able to reach 60-160 MeV energy range. To obtain the maximum energy, an energy pulse compressor options is considered. CST code was used to define the specifications RF parameters of the linac. To optimize the accelerated current and therefore the delivered dose, beam dynamics simulations was performed using TSTEP and ASTRA codes. RESULTS The VHEE parameters Linac suitable to satisfy FLASH criteria were simulated. Preliminary results allow to obtain a maximum energy of 160 MeV, with a peak current of 200 mA, which corresponds to a charge of 600 nC. CONCLUSIONS A promising preliminary design of VHEE linac for FLASH RT has been performed. Supplementary studies are on going to complete the characterization of the machine and to manufacture and test the RF prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Faillace
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy.
| | - D Alesini
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy
| | - G Bisogni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Bosco
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - M Carillo
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - P Cirrone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
| | - G Cuttone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
| | - D De Arcangelis
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - A De Gregorio
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy; Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F Di Martino
- U.O. Fisica Sanitaria, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Favaudon
- Institut Curie, Paris-Saclay University, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021/UMR3347, Orsay, France
| | - L Ficcadenti
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - D Francescone
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - G Franciosini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy; Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A Gallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy
| | - S Heinrich
- Institut Curie, Paris-Saclay University, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021/UMR3347, Orsay, France
| | - M Migliorati
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - A Mostacci
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - L Palumbo
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - V Patera
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - A Patriarca
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Proton Therapy Centre, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - J Pensavalle
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Perondi
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - R Remetti
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - A Sarti
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
| | - B Spataro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy
| | - G Torrisi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy
| | - A Vannozzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy
| | - L Giuliano
- SBAI Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
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Pepperosa A, Remetti R, Perondi F. ARMAX Forecast Model for Estimating the Annual radon Activity Concentration in Confined Environment by Short Measurements Performed by Active Detectors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19095229. [PMID: 35564622 PMCID: PMC9104486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to implement a forecast model that, combined with the use of active instrumentation for a rather limited time, and with the knowledge of a set of data referring to the environmental parameters of the place to be monitored, can estimate the concentration of indoor radon activity for longer time periods. This model has been built through the MATLAB program, exploiting the theories of time series and, in particular, ARMAX models, to reproduce the variation in the concentration of radon activity. The model validation has been carried out by comparing real vs. simulated values. In addition, analytic treatment of input data, such as temperature, pressure, and relative humidity, can reduce the influence of sudden transients allowing for better stability of the model. The final goal is to estimate the annual radon activity concentration on the basis of spot measurements carried out by active instrumentation, such to avoid the need to measure for an entire calendar year by the use of passive detectors. The first experimental results obtained in conjunction with active radon measurement demonstrates the applicability of the method not only for forecasting future average concentrations, but also for optimizing remedial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pepperosa
- CAEN SpA/Spectroscopy Division, Nuclear Waste Management (NWM), Decommissioning and Dismalting (D&D), Via della Vetraia 11, 55049 Viareggio Lucca, Italy;
| | - Romolo Remetti
- Department Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Energetic and Nuclear Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Department Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Energetic and Nuclear Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Gori E, Lippi I, Ansaldo G, Gianella P, Perondi F, Pierini A, Marchetti V. Alterations of selected serum biochemical and urinary parameters in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Open Vet J 2022; 12:578-583. [PMID: 36118717 PMCID: PMC9473382 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: No specific study on concurrent nephropathy has been conducted in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE), except for soft-coated Wheaten Terriers. Moreover, limited information exists regarding the urinary profile in dogs with CE. Aim: To describe, compare, and discuss the alterations in selected serum biochemical and urinary parameters in dogs with CE. Methods: Multicentric retrospective study on dogs with CE diagnosed after exclusion of extra-gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, dogs with azotemia and lower urinary tract diseases were excluded. Information on canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) score, muscular condition score (MCS), presence of glycosuria, proteinuria [urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio > 0.5], and/or cylindruria (>1–2 casts/hpf) at diagnosis were gleaned from the medical records. Dogs were retrospectively classified as food-responsive enteropathy, immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy, or nonresponsive enteropathy based on the presence of gastrointestinal histological inflammation and the treatment response. In addition, based on the serum albumin concentration (ALB), dogs were classified as having protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Results: Ninety CE dogs were included. Fifty-two dogs had mild-to-severely decreased MCS and 38 dogs showed altered urinary parameters. No significant associations were found between CCECAI and altered urinary parameters. No significant association was found between PLE dogs and altered urinary parameters. PLE dogs showed higher prevalence of proteinuria than non-PLE dogs (p = 0.03; OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1–6.8). Conclusion: Despite the presence of altered urinary profile in dogs with CE, further studies are needed to explore a possible link between gastrointestinal and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ansaldo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Corresponding Author: Alessio Pierini. Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lippi I, Puccinelli C, Perondi F, Ceccherini G, Pierini A, Marchetti V, Citi S. Predictors of Fatal Pulmonary Haemorrhage in Dogs Affected by Leptospirosis Approaching Haemodialysis. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020025. [PMID: 33567544 PMCID: PMC7914731 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective case control study, which aimed to evaluate potential clinical, laboratory and imaging predictors of fatal pulmonary haemorrhage in dogs with Leptospirosis submitted to haemodialysis. The study population was divided in two groups according to the presence (PH) or absence (nPH) of pulmonary haemorrhage. A statistical comparison was performed at hospital admission for clinical (spontaneous bleeding, icterus, and respiratory distress), laboratory (serum creatinine, urea, phosphate, calcium, bicarbonate, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALKP, GGT, total protein, albumin, glycaemia, sodium, potassium, CRP, RBC, HCT, HGB, WBC, PLT, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen), and pulmonary radiographic findings between the two groups of dogs. At hospital admission, dogs developing pulmonary haemorrhage were more likely to have respiratory distress (p = 0.002), severely elevated serum bilirubin (p = 0.002), AST (p = 0.04), ALT (p = 0.012), ALKP (p = 0.002), reduced serum glycaemia (p = 0.014), and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.04). Respiratory distress and elevated serum bilirubin (≥11.5 mg/dL) were independently associated with increased risk of pulmonary haemorrhage. In conclusion, the presence of respiratory distress at hospital admission is strongly associated (OR 40.9) with increased risk of pulmonary haemorrhage, even though no abnormalities are found at chest radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Puccinelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Gianila Ceccherini
- Ospedale Veterinario San Concordio, Via Savonarola 106/f, 55100 Lucca, Italy;
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2210-100
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (I.L.); (C.P.); (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
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Perondi F, Stefanescu A, Marchetti V, Gori E, Pierini A, Vitalaru BA, Lippi I. Oesophagostomy tube complications in azotaemic dogs: 139 cases (2015 to 2019). J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:194-199. [PMID: 33260259 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To retrospectively assess the rate of oesophagostomy tube-related complications in azotaemic dogs, the influence of the oesophagostomy tube (o-tube) duration and the therapeutic approach (medical versus haemodialysis) on the complication rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed in order to identify azotaemic dogswhich underwent o-tube placement. o-Tube duration (short-term versus long-term), time of o-tube change, therapeutic approach (medical versus haemodialysis), prevalence of minor (malposition, suture related, inflammation, muco-purulent discharge, abscess) and major (haemorrhage, malposition, obstruction, dislodgement, vomiting of the tube, food coming from the stoma) o-tube-related complications were extracted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for o-tube-related complications. RESULTS Tube-related complications were reported in 74 of 139 dogs (53%). Minor complications were reported in 66 of 74 (89%) and major complications in eight of 74 (11%). In azotaemic dogs, o-tube indwelling time (odds ratio (OR) 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.05), and the use of haemodialysis (OR 40.12; 95% CI 9.18 to 175.20) were risk factors for o-tube-related complications. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The majority of o-tube-related complications were minor, and easily manageable, with no need of hospitalisation, tube-removal or euthanasia. In azotaemic dogs, the use of haemodialysis was strongly associated with a higher risk of o-tube-related complications, possibly as a consequence of the presence of the neck bandage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Stefanescu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 105, sector 5, Bucharest, 050097, Romania
| | - V Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Gori
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - B A Vitalaru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 105, sector 5, Bucharest, 050097, Romania
| | - I Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
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Perondi F, Lippi I, Marchetti V, Bruno B, Borrelli A, Citi S. How Ultrasound Can Be Useful for Staging Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs: Ultrasound Findings in 855 Cases. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040147. [PMID: 33019496 PMCID: PMC7712280 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD), some ultrasonographic (US) abnormalities have been shown to correlate better than others with the progression of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the most frequent renal US abnormalities in dogs at different stages of CKD, and to investigate their association with CKD International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages. Medical records and ultrasonographical report of 855 dogs were retrospectively included. The most frequent renal ultrasonographic abnormalities were: increased cortical echogenicity, abnormal ratio of cortico-medullary junction (C/M) and pyelectasia. A statistically significant difference in the prevalence of irregular contour, abnormal cortico-medullary junction, abnormal C/M, increased cortical echogenicity, and pyelectasia was found for dogs at different IRIS stages. The number of dogs with more than one US abnormality increased significantly with the progression of IRIS stage. In conclusion, increased cortical echogenicity, abnormal C/M junction and pyelectasia were the most prevalent US abnormalities in our CKD population. Although none of the US abnormalities showed a significantly higher prevalence, the number of dogs presenting > 3 US abnormalities increased significantly from IRIS 2 to IRIS 4. Renal US is an excellent ancillary diagnostic test, which should be used together with renal functional parameters, to monitor the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Barbara Bruno
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10124 Turin (TO), Italy; (B.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10124 Turin (TO), Italy; (B.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (V.M.); (S.C.)
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Martello E, Perondi F, Capucchio MT, Biasato I, Biasibetti E, Cocca T, Bruni N, Lippi I. Efficacy of a new dietary supplement in dogs with advanced chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9663. [PMID: 32864210 PMCID: PMC7430264 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease in elderly dogs. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a dietary supplement containing calcium carbonate, calcium-lactate gluconate, chitosan and sodium bicarbonate in dogs with IRIS stage 3 of CKD. Twenty dogs were enrolled in the study, ten were administered the new dietary supplementation for 180 days (T group) while the others were used as control group (C group). Haematologic, biochemical and urinalysis were performed every 30 days. A significant reduction in the T group compared to the C group in serum phosphorus level and increase in serum bicarbonate and ionized calcium values were recorded. The urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) was significantly lower in the T group at the end of the study compared to the C group. The tested supplement could be considered as a supportive treatment for dogs with advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martello
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
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Gori E, Pierini A, Lippi I, Ceccherini G, Perondi F, Marchetti V. Evaluation of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and its relationship with survival in dogs with acute pancreatitis. N Z Vet J 2020; 68:345-348. [PMID: 32539626 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2020.1780995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the association between the C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin (ALB) ratio and survival in dogs with acute pancreatitis and its use as a prognostic marker for survival. Methods: Medical records of a veterinary referral hospital in Italy were retrospectively searched for dogs that were admitted with acute pancreatitis between January 2015 and April 2019, in which the concentrations of CRP and ALB in serum were measured at admission. The CRP/ALB ratio was calculated and the time between admission and discharge or death was recorded. Mortality rates overall and for dogs that died within 2 days of admission were calculated. A univariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the relationship between survival time and CRP/ALB ratio. Results: Seventy-one dogs were included in the study. Of these, 19 died within 2 days of presentation; an early mortality rate of 26.8%, while 27 died before discharge for an overall mortality rated of 38%. Dogs with higher CRP/ALB ratio had a significantly greater mortality rate than dogs with lower CRP/ALB ratio: for every 1-unit increase in CRP/ALB ratio, the hazard of death over the study period increased by 130% (hazard ratio = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.53-3.58; p < 0.001). The optimal CRP/ALB ratio cut-off point for predicting mortality was 0.56, with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% and 68.2%, respectively (AUC = 0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusions: As in humans, the CRP/ALB ratio, may be a promising, though not particularly specific, prognostic marker for increased risk of death in dogs with acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gori
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - A Pierini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - I Lippi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - G Ceccherini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - F Perondi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - V Marchetti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
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Perondi F, Puccinelli C, Lippi I, Della Santa D, Benvenuti M, Mannucci T, Citi S. Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Urachal Anomalies in Cats and Dogs: Retrospective Study of 98 Cases (2009-2019). Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030084. [PMID: 32630639 PMCID: PMC7559830 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of different urachal anomalies (UA) in cats (n = 60) and dogs (n = 38) and their association with clinical symptoms and urinalysis alterations. Among UA, the vesicourachal diverticulum was the most prevalent UA diagnosed in both cats (96.7%) and dogs (89.5%): the intramural vesicourachal diverticulum was diagnosed in 76.7% of cats and 71.1% of dogs, followed by extramural vesicourachal diverticulum (20.0% and 18.4% respectively). In both cats and dogs, bladder wall diffuse or regional thickening was the most prevalent alteration. The most common alterations of the urinary bladder content were urolithiasis sediment in cats (33.3%) and in dogs (31.6%). Dogs with UA were more often asymptomatic (p = 0.01). No difference was found in cats. Stranguria, hematuria, and urethral obstruction were the most frequently reported clinical signs, while hematuria and leukocyturia were the most prevalent abnormalities at urinalysis. In conclusion, our study confirmed UA as uncommon, and often incidental findings, with a high prevalence of animals without clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (C.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Puccinelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (C.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (C.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0502210100
| | | | | | - Tommaso Mannucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (C.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (F.P.); (C.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
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Gori E, Pierini A, Lippi I, Meucci V, Perondi F, Marchetti V. Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020072. [PMID: 32492828 PMCID: PMC7356378 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is considered an important biomarker of kidney dysfunction. The aims of the study were to evaluate SDMA in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP) and its relationship with the presence of kidney injury and mortality. A cohort study including fifty-four dogs with AP diagnosed using compatible clinical and laboratory parameters, abnormal SNAP cPL and compatible abdominal ultrasound within 48 h from admission, was conducted. Dogs with history of renal and/or urinary diseases were excluded, along with dogs exposed to nephrotoxic drugs. Serum urea and creatinine and urinary output (UO) were recorded. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed and graded using International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines. SDMA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Fifty-four dogs were included and divided in non-AKI (n = 37) and AKI dogs (n = 17). Twenty-three dogs (14 non-AKI) had SDMA > 15 μg/dL. Median SDMA was higher in AKI dogs than non-AKI dogs (25.7 vs. 13.93 μg/dL; p = 0.03). Dogs with normal creatinine (AP and AKI 1 dogs) had SDMA above reference range in 38% and 33% of cases, respectively. In AKI dogs, SDMA and creatinine were positively correlated (p = 0.006 r = 0.7). SDMA was not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. Although further studies are warranted, SDMA may be a useful tool in canine AP, as a high SDMA may be related to subclinical kidney impairment.
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Gori E, Pierini A, Lippi I, Meucci V, Perondi F, Marchetti V. Evaluation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as an inflammatory and prognostic marker in dogs with acute pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1144-1149. [PMID: 32378771 PMCID: PMC7255674 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been proposed as a severity marker in humans with acute pancreatitis (AP). Objectives To evaluate ADMA in dogs with AP compared with healthy dogs and its association with severity of disease, mortality, and indicators of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), including serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration, WBC count, and band neutrophils. Animals Fifty‐four dogs with AP and a control group (CG) of 28 healthy dogs. Methods Cohort study including dogs with AP diagnosed using clinical and laboratory variables, abnormal canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentration, and compatible abdominal ultrasound examination findings performed within 48 hours of admission. Canine AP severity (CAPS) was calculated. Serum concentration of ADMA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Blood donor‐, staff‐, and student‐owned dogs were enrolled in the CG. Results Dogs with AP had higher median admission serum ADMA concentrations compared with the CG (62 versus 48.5 μg/dL; P = .003). Dogs with CAPS ≥11 had higher serum ADMA concentrations than did dogs with CAPS <11 (92 versus 54.6 μg/dL P = .009). Univariable analysis for mortality, CAPS score, band neutrophils, CRP, and ADMA were included in multivariable logistic regression, in which only ADMA was associated with mortality (P = .02). Survivors had a significant decrease in ADMA at first reevaluation compared to admission (P = .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Because serum ADMA concentrations were higher in AP dogs compared with the CG, it may have value as a biomarker in the diagnosis of AP in dogs. In addition, because ADMA was associated with mortality, it may have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gori
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato," Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato," Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato," Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato," Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato," Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato," Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Perondi F, Petrescu VF, Fratini F, Brovida C, Porciello F, Ceccherini G, Lippi I. Bacterial colonization of non-permanent central venous catheters in hemodialysis dogs. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03224. [PMID: 32021926 PMCID: PMC6994843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-permanent central venous catheters (CVCs), are the most commonly used vascular access in veterinary patients undergoing hemodialysis. In human dialysis patients, CVC infection represents a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial colonization of CVCs in dogs submitted to hemodialysis treatment at time of CVC removal. The CVCs of all dogs submitted to hemodialysis (n = 23) at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital ''Mario Modenato'' of the University of Pisa between January 2015 and December 2016 were considered. For all dogs, data regarding signalment, reason for hemodialysis treatment, duration of catheterization (≤15 or >15 days), CVC complications, and 30-day survival were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism™. Five over 23 dogs (22%) showed positive bacterial culture of CVC (+), and 18/23 dogs (78%) negative culture of CVC (-). The most prevalent microorganism was Staphylococcus Spp (3/5; 60%). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of CVC infection according to age, gender, reason for hemodialysis, CVC complications, duration of catheterization, and outcome. No statistically significant difference (p = 0.64) in survival curves was reported at log rank analysis between dogs with CVC - and CVC +. The prevalence of bacterial CVC contamination in our dialysis dogs showed relatively low. Exclusive use of CVC for hemodialysis, good hygiene practice during CVC management, and use of chlorhexidine as an antiseptic should be strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a grado, 56122, Pisa, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Vasilica-Flory Petrescu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a grado, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Brovida
- ANUBI Ospedale per Animali da Compagnia, Strada Genova 299/A, 10024, Monalieri, Italy
| | - Francesco Porciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianila Ceccherini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a grado, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a grado, 56122, Pisa, Italy
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Ceccherini G, Lippi I, Citi S, Perondi F, Pamapanini M, Guidi G, Briganti A. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) provision with a pediatric helmet for treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 30:41-49. [PMID: 31872531 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate arterial blood gas parameters and pulmonary radiography, before and after provision of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via a pediatric helmet in dogs with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. DESIGN Single-center, observational study conducted from 2016 to 2017. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Seventeen dogs presenting with clinical signs compatible with respiratory failure, confirmed by arterial blood gas analyses. INTERVENTIONS For each animal arterial blood samples and thoracic radiographs were performed at arrival (T0 ). Hypoxemic dogs (PaO2 <80 mm Hg), without evidence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion, received CPAP ventilation via a pediatric Helmet for at least 1 hour. At the end of CPAP ventilation, a second arterial blood gas analysis was performed at room air (T1 ). The F-shunt was also calculated. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS Respiratory rate, heart rate and rhythm, mean blood pressure, mucosal membrane color, and rectal temperature were recorded. Tolerance to the helmet was evaluated using a predetermined scoring system. Two dogs were excluded from the study for low tolerance to the helmet. In 15 of 17 dogs, a significant difference between T0 and T1 was noted for PaO2 (60.84 ± 3 mm Hg vs 80.2 ± 5.5 mm Hg), P(A-a)O2 (52.4 ± 4.4 mm Hg vs 35.2 ± 6 mm Hg), PaO2 /FiO2 (289.7 ± 14.3 vs 371 ± 21), and %SO2 (91.3 vs 98.8). In 15 of 17 dogs, the helmet was well tolerated. F-shunt significantly decreased following provision of CPAP (37%; range, 8.4-68% vs 6%; range, -5.6-64.3%). CONCLUSION The use of a pediatric helmet appears to be a suitable device for delivery of CPAP in dogs with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. The device appears to be reasonably tolerated and improved oxygenation in most dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianila Ceccherini
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Michela Pamapanini
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Grazia Guidi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Angela Briganti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
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Lippi I, Perondi F, Petrini D, La Fortuna MC, Luci G, Intorre L, Guidi G, Meucci V. Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate estimation by means of plasma clearance of iohexol in domestic rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:525-532. [PMID: 31140848 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.6.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation by means of plasma clearance of iohexol (IOX) in domestic rabbits and to assess accuracy of limited-sampling models for GFR estimation. ANIMALS 6 healthy domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PROCEDURES Each rabbit received IOX (64.7 mg/kg [0.1 mL/kg], IV), and blood samples were collected at predetermined times before and after administration. Plasma IOX concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetics of IOX was determined by a noncompartmental method. For each rabbit, plasma clearance of IOX was determined by dividing the total IOX dose administered by the area under the concentration-time curve indexed to the subject's body weight. The GFR estimated from the plasma IOX concentration at 6 sampling times (referent model) was compared with that estimated from the plasma IOX concentration at 5 (model A), 4 (model B), and 3 (models C, D, and E) sampling times (limited-sampling models). RESULTS Mean ± SD GFR was 4.41 ± 1.10 mL/min/kg for the referent model and did not differ significantly from the GFR estimated by any of the limited-sampling models. The GFR bias magnitude relative to the referent model was smallest for model D in which GFR was estimated from plasma IOX concentrations at 5, 15, and 90 minutes after IOX administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that plasma clearance of IOX was a safe, reliable, accurate, and clinically feasible method to estimate GFR in domestic rabbits. Further research is necessary to refine the method.
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Perondi F, Lippi I, Ceccherini G, Marchetti V, Guidi G. Evaluation of urinary γ-glutamyl transferase and serum creatinine in non-azotaemic hospitalised dogs. Vet Rec 2019; 185:52. [PMID: 31076519 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Urinary and blood biomarkers for diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised dogs were evalueted. This prospective study included 97 dogs, classified according to the International Renal Interest Society classification into no AKI and AKI grade 1 (48-hour increase in serum creatinine≥0.3 mg/dl and/or urinary production <1 ml/kg/hour for at least six hours). A total of 62 of 97 dogs (64 per cent) were classified as AKI 1. A statistically significant difference was found between no AKI and AKI 1 in urine protein to creatinine ratio, urinary γ-glutamyl transferase (uGGT) and uGGT/cu (P<0.0001). Thirteen of 97 dogs (13.4 per cent) that developed increased creatinine and change in AKI grade showed high mortality (n=9/13; 69.2 per cent). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of uGGT/cu index as a marker for AKI grade 1 had an area under the ROC curve of 0.78; optimal cut-off point was 57.50 u/g, with sensitivity and specificity of 75.4 per cent and 75.6 per cent, respectively. Overall intensive care unit mortality was 23.7 per cent (23/97), 13.4 per cent (13/97) of which died during hospitalisation and 10.3 per cent (10/97) within 28 days after discharge. uGGT is an acceptable marker for distinguishing between AKI 1 and no AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianila Ceccherini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Gori E, Pierini A, Lippi I, Boffa N, Perondi F, Marchetti V. Urinalysis and Urinary GGT-to-Urinary Creatinine Ratio in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6010027. [PMID: 30871245 PMCID: PMC6466379 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In acute pancreatitis (AP), kidney injury (KI) can occur. Urinalysis and some urinary biomarkers have been proposed as prognostic tools in human AP. The aim of the study was to evaluate urinalysis and urinary GGT-to-urinary creatinine (uGGT/uCr) in canine AP and their association with possible outcomes. AP diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory parameters, abnormal SNAP® cPL™ test and compatible imaging. Urinary KI (uKI) was defined if dogs had urinary casts and/or proteinuria. Dogs (n = 70) were divided in survivors and non-survivors according to the 15-day outcome. Data were analyzed using statistical software. Seventy dogs were retrospectively included, of which 24 dogs (34%) died. uKI was detected in 36 dogs (37%) which was associated with mortality (p = 0.01, Odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% CI 1.3–11.56). Non-survivors showed higher dipstick bilirubin levels than survivors (p = 0.0022). By excluding active sediments, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) ≥2 was associated with mortality (p = 0.001, OR 47.5, 95% CI 4–571.9). The uGGT/uCr was available in 40 dogs, although no association of this factor with any outcome was found. The UPC ≥2 can be a negative prognostic factor in canine AP and further studies on uGGT/uCr are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Noemi Boffa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
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Gori E, Lippi I, Guidi G, Perondi F, Pierini A, Marchetti V. Acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury in dogs. Vet J 2019; 245:77-81. [PMID: 30819430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury are well-documented comorbidities in human medicine. Dogs that develop acute kidney injury during hospitalization have significantly higher mortality rates than those that do not. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of acute kidney injury in dogs with acute pancreatitis and the prognostic value of various clinicopathological parameters. Cases of acute pancreatitis presented between January 2012 and June 2016 were identified. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on two or more of the following clinical signs: abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting or anorexia/hyporexia, no other abdominal extra-pancreatic diseases at abdominal ultrasound, and abnormal SNAP cPL test. Diagnosis of acute kidney injury was based on the guidelines of the International Renal Interest Society. Dogs were classified into survivors and non-survivors. Serum creatinine, urea, amylase, total calcium, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, WBC and band neutrophils were evaluated at admission. Clinical severity index was calculated at admission. Clinical and clinicopathological data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Sixty-five dogs with acute pancreatitis were assessed. Clinical severity index≥6.5 were associated with poor outcome (P=0.0011). Serum urea and creatinine concentrations at admission were significantly lower in survivors than non-survivors (P<0.0001 and P=0.0002, respectively). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 17/65 dogs (26.2%) and was associated with poor outcome (P<0.0001). Oligo-anuria was associated with poor outcome (P=0.0294). Increased clinical severity index and azotemia in dogs with acute pancreatitis were associated with an increased risk of mortality. Acute kidney injury may be a comorbidity of canine acute pancreatitis. The presence of oligo-anuria is associated with poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gori
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital 'Mario Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato monte, San Piero a Grado 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Lippi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital 'Mario Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato monte, San Piero a Grado 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Guidi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital 'Mario Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato monte, San Piero a Grado 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Perondi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital 'Mario Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato monte, San Piero a Grado 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Pierini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital 'Mario Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato monte, San Piero a Grado 56122, Pisa, Italy.
| | - V Marchetti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital 'Mario Modenato', Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato monte, San Piero a Grado 56122, Pisa, Italy
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Perondi F, Brovida C, Ceccherini G, Guidi G, Lippi I. Double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of hyperproteinemia in dogs affected by Leishmania infantum. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:472-476. [PMID: 29284208 PMCID: PMC5974530 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.3.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dogs were evaluated for severe hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia secondary to Leishmania infantum. Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was performed in two dogs at days 1, 2, and 6 after presentation. The third dog received DFPP at days 1 and 3 after presentation and eleven hemodialysis treatments. Significant reduction in serum total protein (p < 0.0001), alpha-1 (p = 0.023), alpha-2 (p = 0.018), gamma globulins (p = 0.0105), and a significant increase in albumin/globulin ratio (p = 0.0018) were found. DFPP may be a promising therapeutic technique for rapid resolution of signs of hyperproteinemia in dogs affected by L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gianila Ceccherini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Guidi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Perondi F, Lippi I, Ceccherini G, Marchetti V, Bernicchi L, Guidi G. Evaluation of a prognostic scoring system for dogs managed with hemodialysis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018; 28:340-345. [PMID: 29936707 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prognostic models in a cohort of dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute on chronic kidney disease (AKI/CKD) managed by hemodialysis. DESIGN Retrospective study from July 2011 to November 2014. SETTING University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. ANIMALS Forty dogs with historical, clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings consistent with AKI or AKI/CKD managed with intermittent hemodialysis were included. INTERVENTIONS Scoring system models previously established by Segev et al for outcome prediction in dogs with AKI were applied to all dogs. RESULTS Models A, B, and C correctly classified outcomes in 68%, 83%, and 85% of cases, respectively. In our cohort Model A showed sensitivity of 58% and specificity of 86%, Model B showed sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 87%, Model C showed sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 84%. The presence of anuria (P < 0.0002), respiratory complications (P < 0.0001), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (P = 0.0004), grade of AKI (P = 0.0023), pancreatitis (P = 0.0001), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (P = 0.0001) was significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of patients, Segev's model C showed the best sensitivity and specificity for predicting prognosis, while model A had lower sensitivity. In our cohort of dialysis patients, the presence of respiratory complications, DIC, SIRS, and pancreatitis at hospitalization, were correlated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Science, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Gianila Ceccherini
- Department of Veterinary Science, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bernicchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI 56122, Italy
| | - Grazia Guidi
- Department of Veterinary Science, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI 56122, Italy
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21
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Lippi I, Perondi F, Meucci V, Mannarini C, Intorre L, Guidi G. Correction to: Plasma alpha-tocopherol determined by HPLC in dogs at different stages of chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:169. [PMID: 29637458 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The above article originally published with an error present in the article title, "Plasma alpha-tochopherol determined by HPLC in dogs at different stages of chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study" this should instead have read, "Plasma alpha-tocopherol determined by HPLC in dogs at different stages of chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study" [bold text used to highlight problem area].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - F Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Mannarini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Intorre
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Guidi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56122 Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
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Lippi I, Perondi F, Meucci V, Bruno B, Gazzano V, Guidi G. Clinical utility of urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the diagnosis of canine acute kidney injury. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:95-100. [PMID: 29427053 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of urine KIM-1 and urine GGT for the detection of naturally-occurring AKI, compared to healthy control dogs, dogs with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dogs with lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD). The study included AKI grade 1 (n = 21), AKI grade 2 to 5 (n = 11), stable CKD (n = 11), LUTD (n = 15), and healthy dogs (n = 37). Urine KIM-1 (ng/mg) and GGT (U/l) were normalized to urine creatinine (uCr). Statistically significant difference in KIM/uCr (p = 0.0007) and GGT/uCr (p < 0.0001) was found among the study groups. Area under the curve (AUC) for KIM-1/uCr and GGT/uCr as predictors of AKI was 0.81 and 0.91 respectively. Values of KIM-1/uCr of 0.73 ng/mg and of GGT/uCr of 54.33 showed the best combination of sensitivity and specificity (75% and 75.6%; 85.7% and 89.1% respectively). A significant positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between KIM-1/uCr and GGT/uCr was found. Both urine KIM-1/uCr and GGT/uCr seemed to be potentially good markers for the diagnosis of AKI. Dogs with AKI showed significantly higher levels of urine KIM-1/uCr and urine GGT/uCr, compared with healthy dogs. Caution should be used in the evaluation of elevated urine KIM-1/uCr and GGT/uCr in dogs with pre-existing CKD and/or LUTD. Urine KIM-1/uCr and GGT/uCr might have a significant clinical utility, as complementary test, particularly in diagnosis early, non-azotemic stages of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lippi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56122, Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy.
| | - F Perondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56122, Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - V Meucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56122, Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - B Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Largo Paolo Braccini 2 Grugliasco, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - V Gazzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56122, Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - G Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56122, Via Livornese lato monte San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
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Lippi I, Perondi F, Ceccherini G, Marchetti V, Guidi G. Effects of probiotic VSL#3 on glomerular filtration rate in dogs affected by chronic kidney disease: A pilot study. Can Vet J 2017; 58:1301-1305. [PMID: 29203940 PMCID: PMC5680728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic VSL#3 on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). The treatment group (n = 30) received prescription renal diet and probiotic VSL#3 (112 to 225 × 109 lyophilized bacteria per 10 kg body weight, PO, q24h for 2 months); the control group (n = 30) received prescription renal diet and standard therapy. All dogs underwent GFR measurement at the beginning of the study (T0) and were re-evaluated by GFR measurement after 2 months (T1). The GFR was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) in the treatment group compared to the control group at T1. In the treatment group, the GFR was significantly higher (P = 0.0008) at T1 compared to T0. In the control group, the GFR was significantly lower (P = 0.001) at T1 compared to T0. VSL#3 supplementation seemed to be efficient in reducing deterioration of GFR over time in dogs affected by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Lippi
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Ilaria Lippi; e-mail:
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24
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Meucci V, Luci G, Vanni M, Guidi G, Perondi F, Intorre L. Serum levels of ochratoxin A in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD): a retrospective study. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:440-447. [PMID: 27941297 PMCID: PMC5326954 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by secondary metabolism of several fungi
belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA
is potentially nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic in several animal
species and in humans. This toxin has been detected in several human food and animal feed.
The aim of this study was to determine OTA in blood samples of healthy and affected by
chronic kidney disease (CKD) dogs. CKD group showed higher incidence of OTA-positivity
than healthy dogs (96 vs. 56%) and a significantly higher median value of OTA plasma
concentration (0.008 vs. 0.144 ng/ml).
No significant correlation was observed between OTA levels and creatinine values in CKD
dogs. This is the first study regarding OTA detection in plasma samples of healthy and CKD
dogs; the presence of this toxin is higher in nephropatic patients but is not yet clear,
if it is correlated with progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
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Ceccherini G, Perondi F, Lippi I, Grazia G, Marchetti V. Intravenous lipid emulsion and dexmedetomidine for treatment of feline permethrin intoxication: a report from 4 cases. Open Vet J 2015; 5:113-21. [PMID: 26623376 PMCID: PMC4663799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Four cases of feline permethrin intoxication are described. The cause of intoxication is the application of canine permethrin spot-on product (Advantix®, Bayer) by the owners. Principal clinical guidelines recommends the use of anticonvulsant drugs to treat seizures or neurological symptoms after initial stabilization and dermal decontamination. The use of lipid emulsion had an increasing interest in the last decade for treatment of toxicosis caused by lipophylic drugs as reported in human and in veterinary medical practices. All cats presented in this study, were treated with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) at variable dosages, and dexmedetomidine was also administered by intravenous way. No adverse reaction such as thrombophlebitis, overload circulation or others was noticed during and after administration of ILE. Dexmedetomidine was proved to be helpful in tranquillizing the cats. All cats were discharged in good condition faster than other cases treated without their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ceccherini
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital ‘Mario Modenato’, University of Pisa, via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 S. Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy
| | - F. Perondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital ‘Mario Modenato’, University of Pisa, via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 S. Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy
| | - I. Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital ‘Mario Modenato’, University of Pisa, via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 S. Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy
| | - G. Grazia
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital ‘Mario Modenato’, University of Pisa, via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 S. Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy
| | - V. Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Teaching Hospital ‘Mario Modenato’, University of Pisa, via Livornese Lato Monte, 56122 S. Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy
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Lippi I, Perondi F, Ross S, Marchetti V, Lubas G, Guidi G. Double filtration plasmapheresis in a dog with multiple myeloma and hyperviscosity syndrome. Open Vet J 2015; 5:108-12. [PMID: 26623375 PMCID: PMC4663801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12 year old, 38 kg, mix-breed, intact male dog presented with a 20 day history of clinical signs consistent with hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to multiple myeloma. The dog received three double filtration plasmapheresis treatments on day 0, 7 and 22 after presentation. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum total protein, alpha-2 and gamma globulins was found following each treatment. These reductions were accompanied by a complete resolution, although temporary, of the clinical signs of hyperviscosity syndrome. The present study reported for the first time the use of double filtration plasmapheresis to reduce clinical signs of hyperviscosity syndrome in a dog with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Lippi
- UC Veterinary Medical Center San Diego 10435 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - F. Perondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - S.J. Ross
- UC Veterinary Medical Center San Diego 10435 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - V. Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - G. Lubas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - G. Guidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
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Lippi I, Perondi F, Ross S, Marchetti V, Lubas G, Guidi G. Double filtration plasmapheresis in a dog with multiple myeloma and hyperviscosity syndrome. Open Vet J 2015. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2015.v5.i2.p108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12 year old, 38 kg, mix-breed, intact male dog presented with a 20 day history of clinical signs consistent with hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to multiple myeloma. The dog received three double filtration plasmapheresis treatments on day 0, 7 and 22 after presentation. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum total protein, alpha-2 and gamma globulins was found following each treatment. These reductions were accompanied by a complete resolution, although temporary, of the clinical signs of hyperviscosity syndrome. The present study reported for the first time the use of double filtration plasmapheresis to reduce clinical signs of hyperviscosity syndrome in a dog with multiple myeloma.
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Ceccherini G, Perondi F, Lippi I, Grazia G, Marchetti V. Intravenous lipid emulsion and dexmedetomidine for treatment of feline permethrin intoxication: a report from 4 cases. Open Vet J 2015. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2015.v5.i2.p113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Four cases of feline permethrin intoxication are described. The cause of intoxication is the application of canine permethrin spot-on product (Advantix®, Bayer) by the owners. Principal clinical guidelines recommends the use of anticonvulsant drugs to treat seizures or neurological symptoms after initial stabilization and dermal decontamination. The use of lipid emulsion had an increasing interest in the last decade for treatment of toxicosis caused by lipophylic drugs as reported in human and in veterinary medical practices. All cats presented in this study, were treated with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) at variable dosages, and dexmedetomidine was also administered by intravenous way. No adverse reaction such as thrombophlebitis, overload circulation or others was noticed during and after administration of ILE. Dexmedetomidine was proved to be helpful in tranquillizing the cats. All cats were discharged in good condition faster than other cases treated without their use.
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