1
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Khani S, Topel H, Kardinal R, Tavanez AR, Josephrajan A, Larsen BDM, Gaudry MJ, Leyendecker P, Egedal NM, Güller AS, Stanic N, Ruppert PMM, Gaziano I, Hansmeier NR, Schmidt E, Klemm P, Vagliano LM, Stahl R, Duthie F, Krause JH, Bici A, Engelhard CA, Gohlke S, Frommolt P, Gnad T, Rada-Iglesias A, Pradas-Juni M, Schulz TJ, Wunderlich FT, Pfeifer A, Bartelt A, Jastroch M, Wachten D, Kornfeld JW. Cold-induced expression of a truncated adenylyl cyclase 3 acts as rheostat to brown fat function. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01033-8. [PMID: 38684889 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Promoting brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity innovatively targets obesity and metabolic disease. While thermogenic activation of BAT is well understood, the rheostatic regulation of BAT to avoid excessive energy dissipation remains ill-defined. Here, we demonstrate that adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3) is key for BAT function. We identified a cold-inducible promoter that generates a 5' truncated AC3 mRNA isoform (Adcy3-at), whose expression is driven by a cold-induced, truncated isoform of PPARGC1A (PPARGC1A-AT). Male mice lacking Adcy3-at display increased energy expenditure and are resistant to obesity and ensuing metabolic imbalances. Mouse and human AC3-AT are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, unable to translocate to the plasma membrane and lack enzymatic activity. AC3-AT interacts with AC3 and sequesters it in the endoplasmic reticulum, reducing the pool of adenylyl cyclases available for G-protein-mediated cAMP synthesis. Thus, AC3-AT acts as a cold-induced rheostat in BAT, limiting adverse consequences of cAMP activity during chronic BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Khani
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hande Topel
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Adipocyte Signaling (Adiposign), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ronja Kardinal
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ana Rita Tavanez
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Adipocyte Signaling (Adiposign), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ajeetha Josephrajan
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Adipocyte Signaling (Adiposign), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Michael James Gaudry
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Leyendecker
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadia Meincke Egedal
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Adipocyte Signaling (Adiposign), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aylin Seren Güller
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Natasa Stanic
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Adipocyte Signaling (Adiposign), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Phillip M M Ruppert
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Elena Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Klemm
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lara-Marie Vagliano
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Stahl
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens-Henning Krause
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ana Bici
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Andreas Engelhard
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Gohlke
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Peter Frommolt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC/University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Pradas-Juni
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Julius Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan-Wilhelm Kornfeld
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Adipocyte Signaling (Adiposign), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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2
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Riabinska A, Lehrmann D, Jachimowicz RD, Knittel G, Fritz C, Schmitt A, Geyer A, Heneweer C, Wittersheim M, Frenzel LP, Torgovnick A, Wiederstein JL, Wunderlich CM, Ortmann M, Paillard A, Wößmann W, Borkhardt A, Burdach S, Hansmann ML, Rosenwald A, Perner S, Mall G, Klapper W, Merseburg A, Krüger M, Grüll H, Persigehl T, Wunderlich FT, Peifer M, Utermöhlen O, Büttner R, Beleggia F, Reinhardt HC. ATM activity in T cells is critical for immune surveillance of lymphoma in vivo. Leukemia 2019; 34:771-786. [PMID: 31690822 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proximal DNA damage response kinase ATM is frequently inactivated in human malignancies. Germline mutations in the ATM gene cause Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), characterized by cerebellar ataxia and cancer predisposition. Whether ATM deficiency impacts on tumor initiation or also on the maintenance of the malignant state is unclear. Here, we show that Atm reactivation in initially Atm-deficient B- and T cell lymphomas induces tumor regression. We further find a reduced T cell abundance in B cell lymphomas from Atm-defective mice and A-T patients. Using T cell-specific Atm-knockout models, as well as allogeneic transplantation experiments, we pinpoint impaired immune surveillance as a contributor to cancer predisposition and development. Moreover, we demonstrate that Atm-deficient T cells display impaired proliferation capacity upon stimulation, due to replication stress. Altogether, our data indicate that T cell-specific restoration of ATM activity or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may prevent lymphomagenesis in A-T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Riabinska
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.
| | - Daria Lehrmann
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Ron Daniel Jachimowicz
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Christian Fritz
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Aenne Geyer
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Carola Heneweer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Maike Wittersheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Lukas P Frenzel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Alessandro Torgovnick
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Janica Lea Wiederstein
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | | | - Monika Ortmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Arlette Paillard
- Intitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Wößmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, 35390, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University of Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Gita Mall
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Andrea Merseburg
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, 53175, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Holger Grüll
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | | | - Martin Peifer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Intitute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany.
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3
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Ostermann AL, Wunderlich CM, Schneiders L, Vogt MC, Woeste MA, Belgardt BF, Niessen CM, Martiny B, Schauss AC, Frommolt P, Nikolaev A, Hövelmeyer N, Sears RC, Koch PJ, Günzel D, Brüning JC, Wunderlich FT. Intestinal insulin/IGF1 signalling through FoxO1 regulates epithelial integrity and susceptibility to colon cancer. Nat Metab 2019; 1:371-389. [PMID: 32694718 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity promotes the development of insulin resistance and increases the incidence of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), but whether a blunted insulin action specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) affects CAC is unknown. Here, we show that obesity impairs insulin sensitivity in IECs and that mice with IEC-specific inactivation of the insulin and IGF1 receptors exhibit enhanced CAC development as a consequence of impaired restoration of gut barrier function. Blunted insulin signalling retains the transcription factor FOXO1 in the nucleus to inhibit expression of Dsc3, thereby impairing desmosome formation and epithelial integrity. Both IEC-specific nuclear FoxO1ADA expression and IEC-specific Dsc3 inactivation recapitulate the impaired intestinal integrity and increased CAC burden. Spontaneous colonic tumour formation and compromised intestinal integrity are also observed upon IEC-specific coexpression of FoxO1ADA and a stable Myc variant, thus suggesting a molecular mechanism through which impaired insulin action and nuclear FOXO1 in IECs promotes CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ostermann
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany
| | - C M Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - L Schneiders
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - M C Vogt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - M A Woeste
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - B F Belgardt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - B Martiny
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - A C Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - P Frommolt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - A Nikolaev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - R C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P J Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Charles C. Gates Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D Günzel
- Institute for Clinical Physiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - J C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - F T Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Cologne, Germany.
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4
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Hahn M, Bürckert JP, Luttenberger CA, Klebow S, Hess M, Al-Maarri M, Vogt M, Reißig S, Hallek M, Wienecke-Baldacchino A, Buch T, Muller CP, Pallasch CP, Wunderlich FT, Waisman A, Hövelmeyer N. Aberrant splicing of the tumor suppressor CYLD promotes the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia via sustained NF-κB signaling. Leukemia 2017; 32:72-82. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Hoevelmeyer N, Cox EM, Wunderlich FT, Waisman A. Constitutive AKT activation impairs B cell homeostasis and class switch recombination (P1443). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.174.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT controls not only cellular metabolism, cell survival and proliferation but is also an important regulator for peripheral B cell maturation especially representing a critical check point in phases of proliferation and differentiation. In this study we investigated the role of constitutive AKT activation in B cell development and maturation through the use of a mouse strain allowing for the conditional expression of a N-terminally myristoylated AKT (ROSA-AKT-C) in cell types that express the Cre recombinase. The myristoylation signal recruits AKT-C to the plasma membrane where AKT becomes constantly phospho-activated. This mouse was crossed to CD19 Cre mice leading to the B cell specific overexpression of AKT-C (AKTBOE). AKTBOE mice displayed splenomegaly compared to control mice as a result of increased absolute numbers of not only B cells but also T cells, neutrophiles, monocytes and mature macrophages. Interestingly, in these spleens, a B cell specific loss of CD23 expression was observed. Of note, B cells isolated from AKTBOE mice did not form germinal centers and were not able to class switch in vitro and in vivo. The investigation of immunoglobulin titers by ELISA revealed reduced IgM, and almost no IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3 and IgA serum levels. Thus, the B cell specific overexpression of AKT-C underlines its importance in B cell maturation, homeostasis and class switch recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ari Waisman
- 1Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Gruber S, Straub BK, Wunderlich CM, Schirmacher P, Brüning JC, Wunderlich FT. Obesity and IL-6 promote liver carcinogenesis via Mcl-1 stabilization. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Pfannkuche K, Spitkovsky D, Wunderlich FT, Abd El Aziz OM, Saric T, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A. A Cre-based double fluorescence indicator system for monitoring cell fusion events and selection of fused cells. Biotechniques 2010; 48:113-20. [PMID: 20359294 DOI: 10.2144/000113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established an in vitro Cre/loxP-based assay for monitoring cell fusion events that specifically traces the transport of cytoplasm from one cell to its fusion partner. Cells with a double fluorescence vector indicate fusion with cells expressing Cre recombinase by switching expression from red to green fluorescent protein through a Cre-mediated recombination event that simultaneously activates puromycin-acetyltransferase expression. This strategy allows for both the observation and puromycin selection of indicator cells that have undergone fusion with a Cre recombinase-expressing partner. A fusion protein of Cre with estrogen receptor (ER) can be used to control Cre recombinase activity through the tamoxifen-induced translocation of the Cre-ER fusion protein to the nucleus. Here we have established a new methodology that not only allows the monitoring of the transport of cellular contents, but also enables the purification of fused cells using puromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Pfannkuche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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8
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Plum L, Wunderlich FT, Baudler S, Krone W, Brüning JC. Transgenic and Knockout Mice in Diabetes Research: Novel Insights into Pathophysiology, Limitations, and Perspectives. Physiology (Bethesda) 2005; 20:152-61. [PMID: 15888572 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00049.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are serious public health threats. Although enormous research efforts have been focused on the pathogenesis of these diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain only partly understood. Here we review mouse phenotypes resulting from inactivation of molecules responsible for the control of glucose metabolism that have led to novel insights into insulin action and the development of insulin resistance. In addition, more sophisticated strategies to manipulate genes in mice in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Plum
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Wunderlich FT, Wildner H, Rajewsky K, Edenhofer F. New variants of inducible Cre recombinase: a novel mutant of Cre-PR fusion protein exhibits enhanced sensitivity and an expanded range of inducibility. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:E47. [PMID: 11353092 PMCID: PMC55468 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.10.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel inducible Cre mutant with enhanced recombinase activity to mediate genetic switching events. The protein, designated Cre*PR, is composed of a new Cre mutant at the N-terminus followed by the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the progesterone receptor (PR). The response to low doses of inducer is significantly enhanced by elongating the C-terminus of the PR LBD from amino acid 891 to 914. The mutant Cre lacks the first 18 amino acids and contains a Val-->Ala substitution at position 336, thereby destroying a cryptic splice donor at the 3'-end of CRE: The latter mutation reduces unwanted background recombinase activity in the absence of the synthetic ligand RU486 by a factor of at least 10 to an almost undetectable level. Thus, the recombinase activity turns out to be inducible by a factor of >200. We expect Cre*PR to serve as a valuable tool for conditional expression of genes both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Wunderlich
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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