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Cannon CEB, Ferreira R, Buttell F. A disaster's disparate impacts: analysing perceived stress and personal resilience across gender and race. Disasters 2023; 47:563-583. [PMID: 35904212 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This research sought to identify differences in perceived stress and personal resilience across gender, race, and different types of stressors (such as rent or mortgage stress) among a sample of United States residents experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. It used a cross-sectional, convenience sampling design for primary survey data collected over 10 weeks starting in April 2020 (n=374). Independent t-tests and binary logistic regression were performed to determine statistically significant differences between gender and race for perceived stress and personal resilience and to pinpoint key contributing factors. Results indicate women exhibited higher levels of stress, with non-IPV (intimate partner violence) reporting women evidencing higher levels of resilience than IPV reporting women. Racial minority women were more likely to experience nutritional stress, whereas White women were more likely to worry about rent or mortgage stress. These findings provide insight into disparate impacts across vulnerable populations at the start of a crisis with implications for improving pre- and post-disaster interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E B Cannon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, United States
- Research Fellow, Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, South Africa
| | - Regardt Ferreira
- Associate Professor, Tulane University School of Social Work, United States
- Research Fellow, Department of Social Work, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Fred Buttell
- Research Fellow, Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, South Africa
- Professor, Tulane University School of Social Work, United States
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Ferreira R, Cannon CE, Buttell F, Davidson T. Explaining Disaster and Pandemic Preparedness at the Nexus of Personal Resilience and Social Vulnerability: An Exploratory Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e416. [PMID: 37332163 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was a pilot examination to identify and assess relationships among social vulnerability, personal resilience, and preparedness for a sample of US residents living in the Gulf South, who had experienced climate-related disaster (e.g., hurricanes) and the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Binary logistic regression was conducted using primary survey data collected in 2020 (n = 744) to identify statistically significant explanatory variables of sociodemographic characteristics and resilience, measured by the CD-RISC 10, of climate-related disaster, and pandemic preparedness. RESULTS Results indicate that respondents who identified as white, had more education, were in a relationship, and spoke English as a first language, as well as respondents who had exhibited greater resilience, were more likely to prepare for a climate-related disaster. Respondents who spoke English as a first language, had more education, and greater resilience were found to be statistically significant explanatory variables of pandemic preparedness. Respondents who prepared for disaster were also more likely to prepare for the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insights into protective factors related to preparedness, including linkages between resilience and preparedness that can aid public health professionals in supporting resilience and preparedness efforts for impacted communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regardt Ferreira
- School of Social Work, Tulane University
- Department of Social Work, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Clare Eb Cannon
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Fred Buttell
- School of Social Work, Tulane University
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Cannon CEB, Ferreira R, Buttell F, O'Connor A. Intimate Partner Violence Survivorship, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Disaster: Implications for Future Disasters. Violence Against Women 2023:10778012231176205. [PMID: 37226434 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231176205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence among a sample of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors (n = 77) who filed for restraining orders in rural Louisiana during the COVID-19 pandemic. IPV survivors were individually interviewed to assess their self-reported levels of perceived stress, resilience, potential PTSD, COVID-19-related experiences, and sociodemographic characteristics. Data were analyzed to differentiate group membership between two groups; non-PTSD and probable PTSD. Results suggest the probable PTSD group had lower levels of resilience and higher levels of perceived stress compared to the non-PTSD group. Findings suggest the importance of providing services during disaster to reduce PTSD for IPV survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E B Cannon
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Regardt Ferreira
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Social Work, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Fred Buttell
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Cannon CEB, Ferreira R, Buttell F, O'Connor A. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural survivors of intimate partner violence. Psychol Trauma 2023; 15:511-514. [PMID: 35482683 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to understand experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) by survivors living through the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural area. METHOD Structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of IPV survivors, 93% of whom identified as women, living in a rural parish (county) in Louisiana (n = 41). Interviews included COVID-19-related stressors (e.g., rent stress due to the pandemic) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5) and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10) validated scales. Data were analyzed using independent t tests to determine differences across race with respect to PTSD and resilience and logistic regression to predict group membership in the probable PTSD group. RESULTS Results indicate 72.5% and 56.2% of rural IPV survivors interviewed reported experiencing rent/mortgage stress and nutritional stress, respectively, due to the pandemic. No statistically significant differences by race for probable PTSD or resilience were found. Rent or mortgage stress due to COVID-19 was a significant predictor of probable PTSD in the regression model. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the possibility that IPV concerns may exacerbate pandemic-related concerns, which in turn exacerbates health functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Ferreira RJ, Buttell F. A Global South Perspective: The Intersection of COVID-19 and Intimate Partner Violence. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:136-137. [PMID: 36413702 PMCID: PMC9850614 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regardt J Ferreira
- Regardt J. Ferreira is with the Disaster Resilience Leadership Academy, Tulane School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, and Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Fred Buttell is with the Tulane School of Social Work and the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Fred Buttell
- Regardt J. Ferreira is with the Disaster Resilience Leadership Academy, Tulane School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, and Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Fred Buttell is with the Tulane School of Social Work and the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Hamel J, Buttell F, Ferreira R, Roy V. IPV Perpetrator Groups: Client Engagement, and the Role of Facilitators. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP17081-NP17108. [PMID: 34344204 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211028012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on the emerging literature being developed in Motivational Interviewing that suggests certain group process factors and facilitator attributes predict treatment outcomes, this study sought to investigate the relationship between both client and facilitator ratings of the batterer intervention group experience. This study presents data from 16 group facilitators drawn from five agencies and 175 clients being served by these facilitators. The data gathered included both facilitator ratings of clients (i.e., Group Engagement Measure-GEM) and client ratings of facilitators and the group experience (i.e., Client Rating of Facilitator-CRF, Client Perceived Benefits of Group-CPBG). Results indicate that facilitators rated clients as being engaged in the group process across all the domains assessed by the GEM and that clients viewed the facilitators and group experiences favorably as assessed by the CRF and CPBG. There was no significant correlation between the GEM and CRF or the GEM and CPBG, but there was a strong, positive correlation between the CRF and CPBG. The results here support previous research findings suggesting a strong correlation between client engagement in the therapeutic process, based on their perception of the facilitator, and their perceived benefits of the group experience. Implications of the findings for improving empirical investigations of the batterer intervention group experience were explored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hamel
- Private Practice, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred Buttell
- Tulane University School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Regardt Ferreira
- Tulane University School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Cannon C, Hamel J, Buttell F, Ferreira RJ. The Pursuit of Research-supported Treatment in Batterer Intervention: The Role of Professional Licensure and Theoretical Orientation for Duluth and CBT Programs. J Evid Based Soc Work (2019) 2020; 17:469-485. [PMID: 32500825 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2020.1775744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the importance of research-supported practice for batterer intervention programs. METHODS This study applied descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses to a novel dataset from the Domestic Violence Perpetrator Treatment Survey (N = 411). This was a 69-item survey developed by domestic violence providers and researchers to understand the role of research-supported practice in the treatment of intimate partner violence (IPV). RESULTS This study found statistically significant differences between Duluth oriented programs and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) oriented programs with respect to the importance of research-supported practices and motivational interviewing, a strategy found effective in treatment of IPV by extant research. DISCUSSION There appears to have been an evolution among practitioners toward more eclecticism, and an acknowledgment that programs should be research-supported. CONCLUSION Implications of this study for education and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Cannon
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California , Davis, California, USA
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State , Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Fred Buttell
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State , Bloemfontein, South Africa
- School of Social Work, Tulane University School of Social Work , New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Regardt J Ferreira
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State , Bloemfontein, South Africa
- School of Social Work, Tulane University School of Social Work , New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Sonkin D, Ferreira RJ, Hamel J, Buttell F, Frias MT. Associations Between Attachment Insecurities and Psychological Violence in a Sample of Court-Mandated Batterers. Violence Vict 2019; 34:910-929. [PMID: 31836643 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a survey-based study looking at the associations among attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance), relationship functioning, and psychological domestic violence. We looked at three relationship functioning variables (i.e., anger management, communication, and conflict resolution) and three domestic psychological violence variables (i.e., derogation and control, jealous-hypervigilance, and threats-control of space). Data were collected from 76 male and 21 female court-mandated batterers. Participants completed the self-report measures of attachment insecurities, relationship functioning, and psychological domestic violence-related variables. Overall, attachment insecurities were negatively associated with relationship functioning and positively associated with psychological domestic violence outcomes. Among the whole sample, attachment anxiety correlated positively with derogation and control and with jealous-hypervigilance. There were also differential attachment associations by gender. Attachment anxiety correlated positively with threats of controlling space only among men, and with derogation and control and jealous-hypervigilance only among women. Finally, avoidance correlated negatively with communication only among women. Overall, this pattern of results is consistent with predictions derived from attachment theory: attachment insecurities are associated with poor relationship functioning and high rates of domestic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regardt J Ferreira
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - John Hamel
- Private Practice, San Francisco, California
| | - Fred Buttell
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review topical evidence on ethical issues in conducting disaster research with children and families affected by natural disasters, with an emphasis on analyzing specific vulnerabilities associated with children and families affected by disasters, identifying significant findings and trends of ethical guidelines and approaches, and discussing key observations into ethical research in a disaster setting. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence indicates that there is a wide range of research methods for child disaster studies. Vulnerability as a concept in child disaster studies is more prevalent with several scholars underscoring the need for an ethical approach to disaster research. Current disaster research evidence suggests that there is specifically an interest in conducting disaster research with children and families. With the increase in investigations, it is strongly recommended that investigators adhere to ethical standards in research practice when conducting research with vulnerable populations (e.g., children) within a postdisaster context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regardt J Ferreira
- Tulane School of Social Work, 127 Elk Place, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA. .,Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Fred Buttell
- Tulane School of Social Work, 127 Elk Place, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.,Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Clare Cannon
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,Department of Human Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, USA
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Ferreira R, Buttell F. THE BP OIL SPILL: RESILIENCE IN THE AFTERMATH OF POST-DISASTER OLDER ADULT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ferreira
- Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana,
- Disaster Resilience Leadership Academy, New Orleans, Louisiana,
| | - F. Buttell
- Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana,
- Wisner Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Washington C, Buttell F, Cannon C. Using an African American Lens to Explore the Intersection of Race, Gender, and Intimate Partner Violence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15640/jssw.v5n1a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Babcock J, Armenti N, Cannon C, Lauve-Moon K, Buttell F, Ferreira R, Cantos A, Hamel J, Kelly D, Jordan C, Lehmann P, Leisring PA, Murphy C, O’Leary KD, Bannon S, Salis KL, Solano I. Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs: A Proposal for Evidence-Based Standards in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.7.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the judicial system response to violence between intimate partners, or intimate partner violence (IPV), typically mandates that adjudicated perpetrators complete a batterer intervention program (BIP). The social science data has found that these programs, on the whole, are only minimally effective in reducing rates of IPV. The authors examined the social science literature on the characteristics and efficacy of BIPs. More than 400 studies were considered, including a sweeping, recently conducted survey of BIP directors across the United States and Canada. Results of this review indicate that the limitations of BIPs are due, in large part, to the limitations of current state standards regulating these programs and, furthermore, that these standards are not grounded in the body of empirical research evidence or best practices. The authors, all of whom have considerable expertise in the area of domestic violence perpetrator treatment, conducted an exhaustive investigation of the following key intervention areas: overall effectiveness of BIPs; length of treatment/length of group sessions; number of group participants and number of facilitators; group format and curriculum; assessment protocol and instruments; victim contact; modality of treatment; differential treatment; working with female perpetrators; working with perpetrators in racial and ethnic minority groups; working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) perpetrators; perpetrator treatment and practitioner–client relationships; and required practitioner education and training. Recommendations for evidence-based national BIP standards were made based on findings from this review.
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Cannon C, Hamel J, Buttell F, Ferreira RJ. A Survey of Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs in the United States and Canada: Findings and Implications for Policy and Intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.7.3.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 15-page questionnaire, the North American Domestic Violence Intervention Program Survey, was sent to directors of 3,246 domestic violence perpetrator programs (also known as batterer intervention programs, or BIPs) in the United States and Canada. Respondent contact information was obtained from state Coalitions Against Domestic Violence and from various government agencies (e.g., Attorney General) available on the Internet. Two hundred thirty-eight programs completed and returned the questionnaire, a response rate of 20%. The survey yielded descriptive data on respondent characteristics; program philosophy, structure, content, and service; client characteristics; treatment approach and adjunct services; and group facilitator views on intervention approaches and domestic violence policy and treatment standards. The programs varied in the extent to which they adhere to treatment approaches suggested by the empirical research literature. In addition, chi-square analyses were conducted on the associations between several factors. Significant correlations were found between respondent low level of education and adherence to a feminist-gendered program philosophy; respondent low level of education and use of a shorter assessment protocol; feminist-gendered program philosophy and incorrect facilitator knowledge about domestic violence; and feminist-gendered program philosophy and a program focus on power and control as the primary cause of domestic violence.
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Badger LW, Ackerson B, Buttell F, Rand EH. The case for integration of social work psychosocial services into rural primary care practice. Health Soc Work 1997; 22:20-29. [PMID: 9021415 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/22.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This article argues for health and mental health collaboration between social workers and rural primary care physicians and describes a study of physicians' attitudes toward integrated services. The physicians who expressed interest in a collaborative arrangement differed in practice characteristics, attitudes toward social workers, and endorsement of social work roles. Also, interested physicians treated significantly more patients, had the lowest proportion of patients over age 65, and endorsed as useful a significantly larger number of social work activities. If social workers aspire to collaborative arrangements in rural primary care, they must provide excellent services now, continue to work toward a better understanding of their broad mental health competencies, and be willing to provide services that conform to the expectations and limitations of primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Badger
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA.
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