[ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OVER THE LAST 50 YEARS]

Purpose - study of the physical development of preschool children, taking into account gender characteristics and comparison with identical data from the study of 1968, 1972, 1986, 2000s. Object of the research: 968 children aged 3-6 years, living in the central, southern and northern regions of the country, who underwent an anthropometric study using standard instruments. Also, the results were compared with the research data from 1968, 1972, 1986, 2000s. The body weight of boys 3-5 years old significantly exceeded that of girls (р<0.05). A significant difference in body length is obvious only at the age of 4 (р<0.05). The lengths of the arms and legs did not differ in both sexes, except for the length of the arms in 5-year-old boys with a significant predominance (p<0.05). On average, boys of the studied ages had higher body length indicators than girls (p>0,05). When conducting a comparative analysis of the body length and body weight of children in Kazakhstan with the WHO standards, there were no significant differences. At the same time, the head circumference of 3-year-old boys and 3-4-year-old girls exceeds the identical indicators according to WHO (р<0.05). This fact is possibly related to the climatic, ethnic and social-everyday characteristics of the children. The latter, once again indicates the need to develop regional standards, since WHO standards are likely to be a guideline. A comparative analysis of the basic indicators of the physical development of children over the period from 1968 to 2019 demonstrates a gradual increase in somatometric indicators in most age groups. The physical development of preschool children in the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage is quite harmonious. A retrospective analysis of the physical development of children aged 3-6 years over the past 50 years has shown a significant increase in body length, without a significant increase in body weight in modern children, which indicates the ongoing process of acceleration with a tendency to asthenization.

[RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOLCHILDREN FOR THE LAST 60 YEARS ACCORDING TO DATA ALMATY CITY]

The physical development of children is one of the main criteria for the health status of the child population, reflecting the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. Dynamic study of schoolchildren's physical development allows one to determine the characteristics of the formations of their morphofunctional parameters and then influence the health of the whole population. The study of the orientation of time shifts in physical development has an important predictive preventive component and is the basis for updating regional standards every 5-10 years. Objective - to identify the main trends in the physical development of schoolchildren in Kazakhstan according to anthropometric measurements among schoolchildren of Almaty over the past 60 years (1956, 1972(2), 1983, 1989, 2005, 2017). Object of study: 13136 schoolchildren of 7-16 years old, various general education institutions (schools) of Almaty, who studied in 1956, in 1972, in 1983, in 1989, in 2005, and in 2017, which were used to carry out transverse and longitudinal studies of physical development using a standardized anthropometric method using standard tools. A comparative analysis of the basic indicators of physical development (length and body weight), conducted between 1956 and 2017, shows a pronounced tendency to increase them across all ages. The largest increase in basic body size in both boys and girls was in the period from 1956 to 1972 (p <0.05). Later, until 2005, stabilization and even slowing down of the observed processes of increasing somatometric indicators was noted. The economic crisis that swept the country in the 1990 led to a significant decrease in the mass-growth indicators in children of both sexes in 2005. The results of a 2017 study indicate a "new round of acceleration" of modern children of Kazakhstan of both sexes. A retrospective study of the physical development of schoolchildren, conducted in Kazakhstan over the past 60 years, showed a pronounced tendency to increase the basic mass and growth indicators, especially in males, and the acceleration of the period of puberty. In modern schoolchildren, there was a change in the timing of the annual "crosses" of growth curves at an earlier age period. For children of Kazakhstan in the new millennium, a decrease in the degree of correlative connections between length and body weight is characteristic, which indicates their disharmonious development.