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Pritchard G, Deshmukh P, Beerworth K, Saw A, Sims K. Incidence and management of shoulder injuries in female cricket. J Sci Med Sport 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Beerworth K, Saw A, Pritchard G, Deshmukh P. Understanding the true burden of shoulder problems in female cricket. J Sci Med Sport 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Walker K, Noble S, Pritchard G, Jessup K, Mullen K. Redemption Characteristics and Quit Rates in a Cohort of Female Inpatients Receiving Quit Cards for Smoking Cessation - A Pilot Study. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Mora F, Pust R, Pritchard G, Gordon P, Vega B, Rodas E, Moreno F. University of Arizona, University of Cuenca and The Cinterandes
Foundation: A New Global Health Collaboration in Ecuador. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ad N, Holmes SD, Pritchard G, Massimiano PS. 257 * MINIMALLY INVASIVE MITRAL VALVE SURGERY WITHOUT AORTIC CROSS CLAMPING AND WITH FEMORAL CANNULATION IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR STROKE COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL MITRAL VALVE SURGERY: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED ANALYSIS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ad N, Halpin L, Rongione AJ, Speir AM, Pritchard G, Holmes SD. 283 * PRACTICE CHANGES IN BLOOD GLUCOSE MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING OPEN HEART SURGERY: FROM A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY TO EVERYDAY PRACTICE. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt372.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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7
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Ad N, Holmes SD, Stone LE, Pritchard G, Henry L. 022 * RHYTHM COURSE OVER FIVE YEARS FOLLOWING SURGICAL ABLATION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt372.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Taylor J, Saveedra-Campos M, Harwood D, Pritchard G, Raphaely N, Kapadia S, Efstratiou A, White J, Balasegaram S. Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a veterinary student in London, United Kingdom, May 2010. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19634. [PMID: 20738991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a case of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a fully immunised veterinary student, investigated in London, United Kingdom, in May 2010. There was no ongoing transmission in human contacts. Possible animal sources were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Taylor
- North East and North Central London Health Protection Unit, London, United Kingdom
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Taylor J, Saavedra-Campos M, Harwood D, Pritchard G, Raphaely N, Kapadia S, Efstratiou A, White J, Balasegaram S. Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a veterinary student in London, United Kingdom, May 2010. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.31.19634-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a case of toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a fully immunised veterinary student, investigated in London, United Kingdom, in May 2010. There was no ongoing transmission in human contacts. Possible animal sources were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Taylor
- North East and North Central London Health Protection Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Saavedra-Campos
- North East and North Central London Health Protection Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Harwood
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Itchen Abbas, Winchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Pritchard
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - N Raphaely
- Thames Valley Health Protection Unit, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Kapadia
- Essex Health Protection Unit, Witham, United Kingdom
| | - A Efstratiou
- Streptococcus and Diphtheria Reference Unit, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - J White
- Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Balasegaram
- North East and North Central London Health Protection Unit, London, United Kingdom
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Wallensten A, Moore P, Webster H, Johnson C, van der Burgt G, Pritchard G, Ellis-Iversen J, Oliver I. Q fever outbreak in Cheltenham, United Kingdom, in 2007 and the use of dispersion modelling to investigate the possibility of airborne spread. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19521. [PMID: 20350497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the investigation of an outbreak of Q fever in the town of Cheltenham, England. The outbreak was detected in June 2007, and prospective and retrospective case finding identified 30 confirmed or probable human cases. The investigation identified windborne spread of Coxiella burnetii from nearby sheep farms as the most likely source of infection. A telephone survey was conducted to identify risk practices at local farms. Subsequently the atmospheric dispersion model NAME was used to identify whether air from the identified farms with high risk practices had been carried into Cheltenham town centre during the risk period. Three high risk farms were identified and the modelling showed that air from all of these farms was carried over Cheltenham in the estimated risk period. The investigation resulted in an information campaign to farmers and production of improved advice for livestock farmers on reducing the risks of transmitting Q fever to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallensten
- Health Protection Agency South West, Stonehouse, United Kingdom
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Wallensten A, Moore P, Webster H, Johnson C, van der Burgt G, Pritchard G, Ellis-Iversen J, Oliver I. Q fever outbreak in Cheltenham, United Kingdom, in 2007 and the use of dispersion modelling to investigate the possibility of airborne spread. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.12.19521-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the investigation of an outbreak of Q fever in the town of Cheltenham, England. The outbreak was detected in June 2007, and prospective and retrospective case finding identified 30 confirmed or probable human cases. The investigation identified windborne spread of Coxiella burnetii from nearby sheep farms as the most likely source of infection. A telephone survey was conducted to identify risk practices at local farms. Subsequently the atmospheric dispersion model NAME was used to identify whether air from the identified farms with high risk practices had been carried into Cheltenham town centre during the risk period. Three high risk farms were identified and the modelling showed that air from all of these farms was carried over Cheltenham in the estimated risk period. The investigation resulted in an information campaign to farmers and production of improved advice for livestock farmers on reducing the risks of transmitting Q fever to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallensten
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- Health Protection Agency South West, Stonehouse, United Kingdom
| | - P Moore
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Johnson
- Health Protection Agency South West, Stonehouse, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Pritchard
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Bury St Edmunds, United Kingdom
| | - J Ellis-Iversen
- Centre for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - I Oliver
- Bristol University, Department of Social Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Health Protection Agency South West, Stonehouse, United Kingdom
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Giles M, Chalmers R, Pritchard G, Elwin K, Mueller-Doblies D, Clifton-Hadley F. Cryptosporidium hominis in a goat and a sheep in the UK. Vet Rec 2009; 164:24-5. [PMID: 19122222 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Giles
- Food and Environmental Safety Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency - Weybridge, Surrey, UK.
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to construct population-specific charts of gestational age (GA) from antenatal ultrasound biometry assessment using a large sample of normal Australian pregnancies when examination was carried out to a standard protocol by experienced operators. All consenting eligible women attending a large Brisbane clinic between January 1993 and April 2003 with GA between 15 and 41 weeks, determined before examination from the last menstrual period date and concordant with the biometric-derived gestation published within the Australian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM) policies and statements, were recruited into the prospective study if fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Biparietal diameter, femur length, abdominal circumference and head circumference measurements were recorded using ASUM standard protocol for mid and third trimester obstetric morphology scans. Statistical analyses were carried out using polynomial regression models and thorough diagnostic checks were undertaken. Included within the study were separate scans for 20,555 pregnancies from 17,660 women. Equations, means and 95% reference intervals for GA were derived for each sonographic measurement. These new population-specific regression equations complement those previously published in the same sample of Australian pregnancies. Once validated, we believe they should form the basis of a new Australian standard for ASUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Schluter
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Ward C, Murphy D, Forrest I, Jones D, Pritchard G, Stovold R, Fisher A, Cawston T, Lordan J, Corris P. 320. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2005.11.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to construct population-specific charts of fetal biometry for 11-41 weeks gestation in relation to known gestational age from a large population of normal Australian pregnancies when examination is performed to a standard protocol by experienced operators. All consenting eligible women attending a large Brisbane clinic between January 1993 and April 2003 were recruited. Menstrual history was taken prior to examination. Measurements were performed to a standard protocol. Prospective assessment was made about the association between gestational age from the last menstrual period and biometry. Exclusion principles were applied. Statistical analyses were performed using polynomial regression models and thorough diagnostic checks were undertaken. Included within the study were separate scans for 20 555 pregnancies from 17 660 women. Equations, means and 95th reference intervals were derived and reported for the following sonographic measurements: biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL). Population-specific regression equations for BPD, HC, AC and FL have been proposed for Australian pregnancies. Once validated by others, we believe they will warrant consideration for adoption by the Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Schluter
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Australia.
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Ward C, De Soyza A, Fisher AJ, Pritchard G, Forrest IA, Corris PA. Reticular basement membrane thickening in airways of lung transplant recipients is not affected by inhaled corticosteroids. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1905-9. [PMID: 15663566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rejection is a major problem for all lung transplant programmes, which is functionally manifested by fixed airflow limitation, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS). The inclusion of a Pre-BOS category, BOS(0 approximately p), in newly revised guidelines, recognizes the potential importance of early changes. We have previously demonstrated reticular basement membrane (Rbm) thickening in clinically stable lung transplant recipients free from BOS. The present study extends this, testing the hypothesis that inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy will lead to a decrease in Rbm thickness in lung transplant recipients. METHODS A parallel group, bronchoscopic intervention study of clinically stable lung allograft recipients, free from BOS, but with evidence of airway inflammation. Following baseline assessment of Rbm thickening, subjects were randomized to 3 months of either chlorofluorocarbon-driven beclomethasone diproprionate (BDP) 400 microg b.i.d., or a formulation designed to yield at least an equivalent dose, hydrofluoroalkane-driven BDP, 200 microg b.i.d. RESULTS Three months treatment with a moderate dose of ICS, including a formulation designed for preferential small airway deposition, had no effect on Rbm thickening (13+/-3 vs. 14+/-5 microm post-ICS). CONCLUSION Our data would suggest that airway remodelling can occur early in lung allografts and is not affected by moderate dose ICS therapy. Longitudinal studies are required to describe the pathophysiological processes involved in BOS, and specifically to elucidate potential relationships between airway remodelling, airflow obstruction and allograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ward
- Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Group, Freeman Hospital and University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor organ shortage severely limits lung transplantation as a therapeutic option, yet many potential donor lungs are deemed unsuitable by clinical selection criteria. METHODS Of 39 consecutive potential donor lungs, 14 were accepted and 25 excluded by clinical selection criteria. All were evaluated prospectively by clinical assessment, bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to evaluate objectively the discrimination of pulmonary infection and injury. RESULTS Accepted donors were significantly younger than those excluded (mean (SD) age 36.7 (15.3) years v 49.5 (13.2) years; p = 0.009, unpaired t test) and were more likely to have suffered traumatic brain death (50% v 20%; p = 0.07, Fisher's exact test). Oxygenation (PaO(2):FiO(2)) was higher in accepted donors than in excluded donors (median (range) 63.2 (48-82.5) kPa v 43.1 (7.7-71.7) kPa; p = 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). Positive formal BAL culture was more frequent in accepted donors (75%) than in those excluded (43%; p = 0.1, Fisher's exact test). There was no significant difference in the percentage and concentration of neutrophils in BAL fluid between accepted and excluded donors (median (range) 37.9 (0-96.9)% and 44.6 (0-1190)x10(3)/ml v 36 (1-98.1)% and 46 (0.2-1457)x10(3)/ml), nor in the BAL fluid concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (140 (0-340) pg/ml v 160 (0-760) pg/ml) or interleukin 8 (810 (33-17 600) pg/ml v 540 (0-15 110) pg/ml). CONCLUSION Current selection criteria are poor discriminators of pulmonary injury and infection and lead to the exclusion of potentially usable donor lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fisher
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Transplantation and Immunobiology and Transplantation Research Group, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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Ward C, Cámara M, Forrest I, Rutherford R, Pritchard G, Daykin M, Hardman A, de Soyza A, Fisher AJ, Williams P, Corris PA. Preliminary findings of quorum signal molecules in clinically stable lung allograft recipients. Thorax 2003; 58:444-6. [PMID: 12728169 PMCID: PMC1746678 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.5.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with bacteria such as Pseudomonas is common in lung allograft recipients, particularly during chronic rejection. Analysis of sputum samples from patients with cystic fibrosis infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Burkholderia cepacia has indicated the presence of bacterial N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) quorum sensing signalling molecules. AHLs not only control the expression of bacterial virulence genes but are also involved in stimulating the maturation of antibiotic resistant biofilms and host chemokine release. It was hypothesised that AHLs may be detected even in clinically stable lung transplant recipients free of clinical infection or rejection. METHODS Three 60 ml samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were taken from nine stable lung transplant recipients 3-12 months after transplantation. Detection of AHLs was carried out on dichloromethane extracted supernatants using the bioluminescence based AHL reporter plasmid pSB1075. This responds to the presence of AHLs with long acyl chains (C10-C14), generating light. Synthetic AHLs were included as positive controls. RESULTS Five of the nine BAL fluid supernatants exhibited AHL activity, suggesting the presence of AHLs with long N-acyl chains. There was no correlation between the levels of AHLs detected or their absence and BAL fluid microbiology or diagnosis before transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evidence for the presence of AHL quorum sensing signals in human lung allograft recipients, even in subjects with no rejection or apparent infection. Further longitudinal follow up of these preliminary findings is required to elucidate potential links with infection, rejection, and allograft deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ward
- ImmunoBiology and Transplantation Group, University of Newcastle upon Tyne and The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK.
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Forrest I, Ward C, Pritchard G, Cawston T, Rowan A, Corris P. Co-localisation of MMP-9 (gelatinase B) with airway neutrophils in stable lung transplant recipients-A potential role in the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)01035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Brown I, Surtees J, Black G, Hirschmann PN, Haer J, Crowley M, Williams GEO, Black J, Murfin D, Walker-Kinnear M, Hull M, Delaney R, Pritchard G. Frederic Basil Stileman Barkworth Paul Brian Counsell Samuel Wolfe Hirschmann Mohammed Shahbaaz Khan Robert Kenneth McAll Leslie Alexander McDowell George Hay Marshall Walter John Murfin Bruce Drummond Taylor Scott Nigel John Wilson. West J Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7312.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pritchard G, Ainsworth H, Sharpe R. Ionophore toxicity in turkeys. Vet Rec 2001; 148:123. [PMID: 11232933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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McEwen J, Strauch G, Perles P, Pritchard G, Moreland TE, Necciari J, Dickinson JP. Clopidogrel bioavailability: absence of influence of food or antacids. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999; 25 Suppl 2:47-50. [PMID: 10440423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Two open, randomized, crossover bioavailability studies were carried out to assess the influence of concurrent antacid medication and food on the bioavailability of clopidogrel. A fed/fasting study was conducted in 12 elderly male subjects. Each subject took a single 75 mg dose of clopidogrel on two occasions-in the morning after an overnight fast, either during a standardized breakfast, or with breakfast delayed by 4 hours after dosing. A washout period of 7 days was observed between the two dosings. Twelve healthy male subjects participated in the antacid study. They fasted overnight and for 4 hours after dosing and took a single 75 mg dose of clopidogrel at 8:00 a.m. on two occasions separated by a washout period of 14 days. For one dose, Maalox 2 x 400 mg tablets were taken 1 hour before the clopidogrel dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters of SR26334, the main circulating metabolite of clopidogrel, were derived from plasma concentrations of the latter compound determined before and at regular intervals over 36 hours after dosing. For the fed/fasting study, mean Cmax values (+/-SD) were 2.7+/-0.62 mg/L and 2.1+/-0.96 mg/L for the fasting state and the fed state, respectively and the 90% CI of Cmax ratio was [0.57 - 0.97]. Mean AUC(0-obs) values (AUC to the last observed value) were 7.1+/-1.6 mg.h/L and 7.4+/-1.64 mg.h/L, respectively, and the 90% Cl of AUC ratios were [0.90 - 1.02] and [0.89 - 0.97], respectively. For the antacid study, mean Cmax values were 2.6+/-0.84 mg/L and 2.5+/-0.87 mg/L for the no-antacid regimen and the antacid regimen, respectively, and the 90% CI of Cmax ratio was [0.74 - 1.16]. Mean AUC(0-obs) values were 6.3+/-1.34 mg.h/L and 5.8+/-1.33 mg.h/L, respectively, and the 90% CI of AUC ratios was [0.89+/-0.97]. Thus, exposure to SR26334, and therefore net absorption of clopidogrel, was not significantly modified by food or by prior antacid ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McEwen
- DDS Ltd., Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Townsend GD, Pritchard G. Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta. CAN J ZOOL 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/z98-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We used head-capsule width, wing-pad length, larval recruitment, adult emergence, and MULTIFANTM analysis to determine the life history of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica in the Crowsnest River, Alberta. Embryonic development, incorporating an early diapause, accounts for approximately 1 year of the life cycle. Both sexes spend a further 4 years in the larval stage. Female larvae grow faster than males and so achieve a larger size at emergence. Extended larval recruitment leads to variation in the sizes of larvae of the same year class and probably to cohort splitting. There is a high degree of synchrony in adult emergence, perhaps as a result of a summer diapause in antepenultimate-instar larvae. These phenomena (embryonic diapause, extended larval recruitment, different growth rates of the sexes, cohort splitting, and larval diapause) are possibly typical of aquatic insects with long life cycles.
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Townsend G, Pritchard G. Larval growth and development of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Insecta: Plecoptera) in the Crowsnest River, Alberta. CAN J ZOOL 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-76-12-2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jones T, Pritchard G, Paton D. Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs. Vet Rec 1997; 141:427-8. [PMID: 9364718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Pritchard G, Fishwick J. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in lactating cows. Vet Rec 1997; 141:131-2. [PMID: 9342090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Pritchard G, Lyons D, Webster J, Petrie JC, MacDonald TM. Do trandolapril and indomethacin influence renal function and renal functional reserve in hypertensive patients? Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 44:145-9. [PMID: 9278199 PMCID: PMC2042818 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.00632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of trandolapril (2 mg once daily) and indomethacin (25 mg three times daily), alone and in combination, on renal function and renal functional reserve in hypertensive patients (DBP 95-115 mmHg) requiring regular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). METHODS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four way crossover design. After 3 weeks treatment renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured using the p-aminohippurate (PAH) and inulin methods. Renal functional reserve was estimated by measuring RPF and GFR at the end of an intravenous infusion of dopamine 2 microg kg(-1) and 10% amino acid solution. RESULTS There was no significant difference in RPF between treatments: -22.79 ml min(-1) (95% CI -54.82, 9.24) for placebo and trandolapril, -10.37 ml min(-1) (95% CI -30.7, 9.96) for placebo and indomethacin, -14.78 ml min(-1) (95% CI -50.33, 20.77) for placebo and trandolapril with indomethacin. There was no significant difference in functional reserve RPF between treatments: -34.96 ml min(-1) (95% CI -119.8, 49.88) for placebo and trandolapril, 29.78 ml min(-1), -15.18, 74.74) for placebo and indomethacin, and -25.84 ml min(-1) (95% CI -87.62, 35.94) for placebo and trandolapril with indomethacin. There was no significant difference in GFR between treatments: -1.01 ml min(-1) (95% CI -7.45, 5.42) for placebo and trandolapril, -7.88 ml min(-1) (95% CI -15.08, -0.68) for placebo and indomethacin, and -0.36 ml min(-1) (95% CI -7.58, 6.86) for placebo and trandolapril with indomethacin. There was no significant difference in functional reserve GFR between treatments: 5.13 ml min(-1) (95% CI -4.97, 15.23) for placebo and trandolapril, 6.31 ml min(-1) (95% CI -1.88, 14.5) for placebo and indomethacin, 7.21 ml min(-1) (95% CI 1.26, 13.16) for placebo and trandolapril with indomethacin. CONCLUSION In hypertensives chronic treatment with NSAIDs or ACEI alone or in combination did not change RPF or GFR and did not change renal functional reserve capacity of RPF or GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pritchard
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK
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Pritchard G, Cook N, Banks M. Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/infectious pustular balanoposthitis in cattle. Vet Rec 1997; 140:587. [PMID: 9194305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wang ZP, Ghotra JS, Pritchard G, Rose RG. The Mechanical Properties of Particulate-filled Aramid and Polyethylene Laminates. POLYM INT 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199703)42:3<241::aid-pi705>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pritchard G, Lyons D, Webster J, Petrie JC, MacDonald TM. Indomethacin does not attenuate the hypotensive effect of trandolapril. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10:763-7. [PMID: 9004107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study to determine if indomethacin attenuates the hypotensive effect of trandolapril. Twenty-three hypertensive patients (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 95-115) requiring NSAID were recruited. Seventeen completed the study. Three week treatment periods: trandolapril 2 mg od and indomethacin 25 mg tds, trandolapril 2 mg and placebo, indomethacin and placebo, placebo and placebo. Clinic and ambulatory BP after 3 weeks of each treatment. Study had 85% power to detect a 5 mm Hg difference in BP (s.d. 7 mm Hg). End of treatment clinic BPs were: 152.9/98 mm Hg (95% CI 147.2, 158.6/95.8, 101.4) with placebo and placebo; 150.4/94.9 mm Hg (95% CI 144.7, 156.1/92.1, 97.7) with trandolapril and indomethacin; 148.2/96.5 mm Hg (95% CI 142.5, 153.9/93.7, 99.3) with trandolapril and placebo; and 156.6/97.4 mm Hg (95% CI 150.9, 162.3/94.6, 100.2) with indomethacin and placebo. There were no significant interactions between trandolapril and indomethacin for clinic systolic BP (SBP) (P = 0.79) or clinic DBP (P = 0.87). When trandolapril treatments (placebo or with indomethacin) were compared to treatments without trandolapril (placebo or indomethacin), trandolapril lowered clinic SBP by 5.4 mm Hg (P = 0.047) and DBP by 2.3 mm Hg (P = 0.08). Mean ambulatory BP was: 140.6/88.2 mm Hg (trandolapril and placebo); 142.8/89.7 mm Hg (trandolapril and indomethacin); 149.6/95.0 mm Hg, (indomethacin and placebo); 147.7/94.0 mm Hg (placebo and placebo). Compared with placebo, trandolapril and placebo lowered BP by 6.5/7.5 mm Hg (P < 0.001, SBP; P < 0.001, DBP). Compared with indomethacin, trandolapril and indomethacin lowered BP by 5.0/5.5 mm Hg (P = 0.001, SBP; P < 0.001, DBP). In the present study trandolapril 2 mg lowered clinic SBP and ambulatory BP, but indomethacin did not attenuate this. Indomethacin had no significant effect on either clinic or ambulatory BP. The antihypertensive effects of trandolapril in this study were modest. Patient selection factors may have contributed to the observed responses, but it seems unlikely from these data that a clinically important drug interaction has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pritchard
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Aberdeen, UK
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Bavisi BH, Pritchard G, Ghotra JS. Measuring and reducing moisture penetration through thick laminates. Adv Polym Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2329(199623)15:3<223::aid-adv4>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mansel RE, Harrison BJ, Melhuish J, Sheridan W, Pye JK, Pritchard G, Maddox PR, Webster DJ, Hughes LE. A randomized trial of dietary intervention with essential fatty acids in patients with categorized cysts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 586:288-94. [PMID: 2192634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb17819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred women with breast cysts proven by aspiration were entered into a randomized double-blind trial of Efamol (evening primrose oil) at a dose of 6 capsules daily or equivalent placebo dose for a year. Cysts were categorized by initial electrolyte composition, and follow-up continued for 1 year posttherapy. Recurrent cyst formation in the first year was slightly (but not significantly) lower in the Efamol group compared with the placebo-treated group. The Efamol treatment was well tolerated as the dropout rate was only 7% and equal in both the active and placebo groups. The initial electrolyte composition did not predict for cyst recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Mansel
- University Department of Surgery, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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Pritchard G, Bardsley M. Disease in single suckled beef herds. Vet Rec 1990; 126:67-8. [PMID: 2301134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Barton S, Ghortra J, Matthews A, Pritchard G. The synthesis and characterization of vinyl-terminated oligomeric ethers. POLYMER 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(89)90231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Proctor H, Pritchard G. Neglected Predators: Water Mites (Acari:Parasitengona:Hydrachnellae) in Freshwater Communities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.2307/1467406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Conrad KF, Pritchard G. Female dimorphism and physiological colour change in the damselfly Argia vivida Hagen (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). CAN J ZOOL 1989. [DOI: 10.1139/z89-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Female Argia vivida appear as two distinct colour morphs in each of two populations studied in British Columbia, Canada. Males and both female morphs also experience a temperature-related physiological colour change. Individuals are "dark phase" at ambient shade temperatures below approximately 20 °C and change to "bright phase" at temperatures above 20 – 24 °C, particularly when basking. Individuals of either colour phase will attempt to mate. Bright phase males reflect not only visible light but also ultraviolet light. Observations of marked individuals and experiments in which males were offered live females (singly or as a pair containing each morph) pinned to long grass stems indicated that males do not show a preference for either female colour morph. The two female morphs do not differ in size, nor do males that mate with each morph. A male removal experiment revealed no change in the relative number of females of each morph that mated each day, suggesting that the morphs do not differ in their ability to attract males or to avoid excessive matings. Several social, ecological, and genetic explanations for sustaining the female dimorphism in the population are discussed.
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Mutch RA, Pritchard G. Development Rates of Eggs of Some Canadian Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Relation to Temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.2307/1467479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pritchard G, Scott D. Education. Test run. Nurs Mirror 1985; 161:29-31. [PMID: 3848987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
The life cycle of Zapada columbiana (Claassen) is basically 3 years in a subalpine stream in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, although some individuals may complete their life cycle in 2 years. Adults emerged from mid-April to early June and did not disperse far from the stream. Emerging adults and ovipositing females showed no tendency to move upstream. The eggs hatched prior to winter of the same year and growth of larvae was confined to the ice-free period of June to November. It was estimated that at any time during the growth season at least 50% of the population in the stream was in moss covering boulders and cobbles in riffles. Moss was the predominant component in guts of larvae taken from moss, and detritus predominated in guts of larvae from other habitats. During the winter, detritus (from conifer needles) was the major component of the gut contents. Experiments demonstrated that larvae grew faster on moss than on conditioned Salix glauca leaves. Larvae grew on conifer needles only when the latter were highly conditioned and fragmented. This study has indicated that Zapada columbiana, an abundant shredder in many Rocky Mountain subalpine creeks, is as dependent on the autochthonous production of moss as it is on allochthonous detritus.
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Abstract
The life cycle of Philocasca alba Nimmo spans 3 years in a cold, second order, subalpine stream in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta. The flight period was from mid-May to late July. Larval instar 1 was found only in August–September; all other four instars were present in samples throughout most of the year. In their third autumn in the stream larvae in the final instar burrowed into gravel, pupated, and overwintered. Growth was confined to the ice-free period, June to November, when larval densities were greatest among deposits of conifer needles, cones, and woody material in pools. Larvae from these detrital accumulations had mainly fragments of conifer needles in their guts, although laboratory experiments showed that larvae could feed and grow on conifer needles only if they were highly conditioned. The later instars, particularly instar V, constituted a much greater than expected proportion of total larvae among submerged bank vegetation in spring and summer and deciduous leaves in autumn. Larvae in these two microhabitats mainly had fragments of moss and fragments of leaves, respectively, in their guts. The importance of moss was confirmed by a field experiment which showed that fifth instar larvae had significantly faster growth rates when fed on detritus supplemented with bank moss than detritus alone or detritus supplemented with deciduous leaves during the autumn.
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Cheeseman MT, Pritchard G. Spatial organization of digestive processes in an adult carabid beetle, Scaphinotus marginatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae). CAN J ZOOL 1984. [DOI: 10.1139/z84-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adults of Scaphinotus marginatus liquefy and lubricate food prior to ingestion by the application of a fluid containing trypsin and chymotrypsin. This fluid is unlikely to be a salivary secretion because carabids, like other coleopterans, lack well-developed salivary glands. Results indicate that the midgut secretes these enzymes but that they are stored in the crop from which they are regurgitated onto the food prior to feeding. After ingestion, food is stored and digested in the crop. The structure of a proventricular valve in relation to regurgitation and crop storage is discussed.
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Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of 18 (33%) of 55 women who admitted to two or more casual sexual contacts to one (3%) of 32 women who admitted to one casual contact in the preceding month. The chlamydial infections did not produce characteristic clinical features. Since promiscuous women are at high risk of acquiring chlamydial infection, they should be regarded as a priority group when resources for chlamydial isolation are limited.
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Abstract
Buerger's disease of the sigmoid colon is reported. This is an unusual site of involvement by the disease. Review of the literature has revealed only four other cases.
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