Long noncoding RNA SNHG14 promotes malignancy of prostate cancer by regulating with miR-5590-3p/YY1 axis

OBJECTIVE

Studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in the development and prognosis of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the functions and mechanism of lnc-SNHG14 in prostate cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot (WB) were performed to detect mRNA expressions of SNHG14 and miR-5590-3p, and the protein levels of Yin Yang-1 (YY1) in prostate cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, and cancer cell lines. The correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between SNHG14, miR-5590-3p, and YY1. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the overall survival for prostate cancer patients. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to measure cell proliferation ability and flow cytometry assay was used to detect cell apoptotic rate. Besides, transwell assay was used to measure cell invasion ability. In addition, WB was performed to measure protein expressions in prostate cancer cell lines. Finally, Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the binding sites between SNHG14 and miR-5590-3p, miR-5590-3p, and YY1.

RESULTS

The results showed that SNHG14 was significantly increased in prostate cancer tissues and prostate cancer cell lines, which were related with advanced stage and poor diagnosis for prostate cancer patients. MiR-5590-3p was reduced in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines, which were negatively correlated with SNHG14. YY1 was found to be increased in prostate cancer tissues, which was negatively correlated with miR-5590-3p and positively correlated with SNHG14. Furthermore, SNHG14 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in DU145 cells. In addition, protein expressions of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and N-cadherin were repressed, and the levels of Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, and E-cadherin were increased. Besides, miR-5590-3p inhibition promoted cell proliferation and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis in DU145 cells. Importantly, Luciferase reporter assay proved that SNHG14 could directly sponge with miR-5590-3p, which could bind with YY1 and regulate the functions of cancer cell. Finally, we proved that SNHG14 regulated cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and invasion via miR-5590-3p/ YY1 axis in prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

Above all, we found that SNHG14 was increased in prostate cancer patients, which was related with future diagnosis for prostate cancer patients. Of note, we discovered that SNHG14 could promote cell proliferation, invasion, and repress cell apoptosis via miR-5590-3p/YY1 axis in prostate cancer, which might provide a new target for treating prostate cancer.

[Clinical analysis of 43 cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal biopsy]

Objective: Percutaneous renal biopsycurrently is the most important and widely used method of renal biopsy. However, there still are some patients in whom a percutaneous approach may be considered a major risk. In these patients, renal biopsy under direct vision is a reliable alternative. We described our personal technique and experience in a series of Chinese patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal biopsy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients who had performed retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal biopsy over a 4-year period (Jan 2013 to Jan 2017).Forty-three patients with renal dysfunction were involved inour center.Especially some patients showed atrophic kidney and poor visualization on ultrasonography. The patients' abnormal conditions includeddialysis (10 cases), morbid obesity (5 cases), deaf-mutes (2 cases) and uncontrolled severe hypertension. The kidney was approached via alaparoscopic retroperitoneal route using athree-ports technique. Then biopsies were performed bya 16-gaugebiopsy needle, and hemostasis was achieved by compression.In less cases, a topical spray hemostatic gel was required. Results: Biopsy was performed successfully in all cases and adequate renal tissue was acquired.Mean operative time was 59.4 minutes, mean blood loss was 36.5 ml.Under general anesthesia, no anesthetic accidents and related complications were recorded. Forty-onepatients were discharged within 24 h after operation. Onepatient occurred disseminated intravascular coagulationduring operation. Red blood cell transfusion and fresh-frozen plasma infusion were performed. Injury at hilum of kidney was detected in another patient. And extrapyelogenic repair surgery was performed. Conclusions: The retroperitoneallaparoscopic renal biopsy is a safe, reliable, minimallyinvasive alternative renal biopsy method with better haemostasis, fewer complications and a rapid recovery. As the helpful supplement of percutaneous renal biopsy, this technique may have to be used more often in the future.

[Clinicopathologic features of lipoprotein glomerulopathy: observation of 6 cases]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG). Methods: A total of 6 cases (5 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 27.5 years and age range of 11-53 years) of lipoprotein glomerulopathy with complete clinicopathologic data were enrolled. Except for light microscope, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic examination, renal biopsy tissues were checked by oil red O staining. The gene map of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) of 2 cases were analyzed. Results: All 6 cases presented with heavy proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome, and high level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL), ApoE. Family history of LPG was found in 3 cases, and 2 patients progressed to uremia, or even to death. Pathologic features showed that lipoprotein deposited in glomerulus capillary lumen and renal tubular epithelial cells. Gene analysis demonstrated that 2 cases expressed abnormal ApoE gene (162G>C and 455G>C). Conclusions: Lipoprotein glomerulopathy is autosomal-recessive disease with mutation of ApoE. Common clinical manifestations of LPG are heavy proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome, with a poor prognosis. Renal biopsy pathologic diagnosis can confirm this kidney disease. Emboli of lipoprotein being observed in glomerulus capillary lumen is the pathological feature of LPG.

[The clinical study of IgA nephropathy with severe chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the clinical characteristics of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with severe chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

METHODS

A total of 436 hospitalized patients who underwent renal needle biopsy in the department of nephrology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from November 2013 to December 2014 were recruited in the study and blindly had periodontal examination. The patients were divided into IgAN group and non-IgAN group according to the renal pathology. The patients with IgAN were further categorized as non-periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and aggressive peridontitis group by Haas classification. The chronic periodontitis group was continually divided into mild, moderate and severe periodontitis group. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

RESULTS

The prevalence of periodontitis in the study was 88.3% (385/436). The prevalence of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis were higher in patients with IgAN than those with non-IgAN (P<0.05). Degree of chronic periodontitis was correlated with pathologic grading of IgAN (r=0.48, P<0.001). Compared with IgAN patients with other types of periodontitis, those with severe chronic and aggressive periodontitis had more severe pathology, more frequent recurrent gross hematuria, higher levels of 24 h proteinuria, serum triglyceride and uric acid, higher periodontal probing depth and clinical attatchment level, as well as higer levels of IL-1β and IL-6, but had lower creatinine clearance rate (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of severe chronic and aggressive periodontitis was higher in patients with IgAN. Chronic periodontitis is correlated with the onset and development of IgAN. Patients with IgAN have worse condition with the aggravation of periodontitis.

LIGHT induces differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells associated with activation of ERK5

LT-related inducible ligand that competes for glycoprotein D binding to herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells (LIGHT) is a recently cloned type II transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF family that was originally identified as a weak inducer of apoptosis. This cytokine has been extensively defined in its role on T-cell regulation and dendritic cell maturation. However, whether this cytokine regulates stem cell proliferation and/or differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we transduced exogenous LIGHT into embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and found it induced their differentiation. The expression of phospho-STAT3, Nanog and Oct-4 was reduced in LIGHT-transduced ES cells compared with wild-type ES cells. LIGHT-transduced ES cells exhibit a low level of SSEA-1 surface antigen and alkaline phosphatase staining compared with wild-type cells. Introduction of LIGHT into ES cells results in the dephosphorylation of MKP-3 and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)5. When ERK5 was inhibited by the specific inhibitor PD184352 or knocked down by ERK5 siRNA, reduction of Oct-4 and SSEA-1 expression was rescued. We conclude that LIGHT overrides Leukemia inhibitory factor to induce ES cell differentiation associated with activation of ERK5.

IFN-gamma induces apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells, a putative mechanism of its embryotoxicity

It has been reported that interferon (IFN)-gamma should inhibit in vitro mouse embryo growth by direct cell toxicity. However, the mechanism involved has not been clearly established. In the present study, this question was addressed using the embryonic stem (ES) cell model. It was found that IFN-gamma, induces a dose-dependent apoptosis in ES cells, as assessed by trypan-blue staining, by Annexin-V labeling and DNA analysis, Moreover, IFN-gamma treatment cooperates with Fas-mediated apoptosis, a phenomenon that has been recently reported. As Bcl-2 oncoprotein functions as a death repressor molecule in an evolutionarily conserved cell death pathway, its expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that Bcl-2 is expressed in ES cells. When compared to untreated ES cells, IFN-gamma-treated, apoptotic cells expressed a lower Bcl-2 level and a normal level of Fas, whereas surviving cells expressed a normal level of Bcl-2 but a lower Fas expression. Altogether, these data suggest that IFN-gamma may influence early mouse embryo development by promoting apoptosis, which may constitute a novel mechanism of IFN-gamma embryotoxicity.

Fas-mediated apoptosis of mouse embryo stem cells: its role during embryonic development

PROBLEM

Fas antigen (APO-1/CD95) can regulate the activity of various cells during adulthood. This study aimed at determining whether Fas may also be involved in the regulation of very early events such as the embryo preimplantation stage.

METHOD OF STUDY

We used mouse embryo stem (ES) cell line as a model for testing the effect of Fas crosslinking upon anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (MoAb) treatment. In addition, this treatment was also applied to in-vitro mouse-embryo culture.

RESULTS

Flow-cytometry analysis of cultured ES cells demonstrated an increase in Fas expression. unchanged in the presence of mouse interleukin-2, while greatly upregulated in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As determined by various means, ES cells may undergo a Fas-mediated apoptosis, slightly but significantly intensified by the addition of LPS to cell cultures. We also report that anti-Fas MoAb directly inhibited two-cell stage mouse-embryo (preimplantation) development in in-vitro culture conditions.

CONCLUSION

These data suggest a novel mechanism controlling the regulation of physiological cell turnover as well as blastocyst implantation in early embryo development.

Habitual abortions in 678 healthy patients: investigation and prevention

The objective of this study of patients with habitual abortion (HA), was to determine their autoimmune profile and to try to prevent new abortions using low-dose aspirin for 7 months with prednisone in the first trimester only, or with low-dose aspirin alone. A total of 678 healthy patients with three or more HA were investigated for antiphospholipid antibodies, antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies. Among these patients, 277 pregnant women were treated, 214 were given prednisone and aspirin (161 autoantibody-negative and 53 autoantibody-positive women), and 63 autoantibody-negative women received aspirin alone. Autoantibodies were present in 33.9% of the patients, in 82.6% of them anticardiolipin antibodies were found to be isolated or associated with antiprothrombin, antithyroid, circulating anticoagulant, antinuclear or anti-beta2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies. In autoantibody-negative pregnant women treated by prednisone and aspirin or aspirin alone, the success rate of live births was 90.7% (146 out of 161) and 74.6% (47 out of 63) respectively (P < 0.01). In autoantibody-positive patients treated with prednisone and aspirin the success rate was 84.9% (45 out of 53) (not significant). Prednisone and aspirin seemed to be as efficient in autoantibody-negative or positive women but better than aspirin alone in autoantibody-negative women. A double-blind trial is in progress to confirm these results.

[Clinical and experimental study on effect of ganyan IV in treatment of chronic active hepatitis complicated with hyperbilirubinemia]

Sixty chronic active hepatitis patients complicated with hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin > 171 mumol/L) were treated with combined treatment of Ganyan IV and Western medicine. The curative effect was compared with that treated with Western medicine alone as control (56 cases). Result showed that the effect of combined therapy group was much better than that of the control in eliminating the jaundice, descending the alanine transaminase (ALT) and improving the reversed A/G ratio (P < 0.05-0.001). In experimental studies, Ganyan IV was applied to the mice with acute liver damage formed by CCl4. It also showed significant effect on reducing total bilirubin and elevating the serum albumin statistically as compared with control (P < 0.05 = 0.01). In addition Ganyan IV could accellerating the bile excretion of normal as well as of liver damaged rats significantly. It was concluded that the Ganyan IV has the effects of treating jaundice, descending transaminase, elevating serum albumin and improving A/G ratio.