1
|
Todini L, Galbraith H, Malfatti A, Acuti G, Barbato O, Antonini M, Beghelli D, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Responses to dietary supplementation with field bean ( Vicia faba var. minor) in production indices, mohair growth and hormonal parameters in transition Angora goats. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2109520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Todini
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Hugh Galbraith
- The School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alessandro Malfatti
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Antonini
- ENEA Dipartimento Sostenibilità dei Sistemi Produttivi e Territoriali, Lab. Bioprodotti e Bioprocessi, Ufficio/Laboratorio Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Todini L, Malfatti A, Mughetti L, Acuti G, Barbato O, Beghelli D, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Blood thyroid hormones, insulin and leptin, metabolites and enzymes in transition dairy ewes, as affected by dietary linseed and physiological stage. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:47-56. [PMID: 35863140 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary linseed and physiological state on blood concentrations of some metabolic hormones and indicators, in transition dairy ewes. From 21 d before lambing to 60 d post-partum, ewes were provided with one of three isoenergetic and iso‑nitrogenous pelleted concentrates, without (CTR, n = 21), or with 100 (EL-10, n = 22) or 200 g/kg (EL-20, n = 22) of extruded linseed. Animals were fed alfalfa hay ad libitum and had access to mixed pasture. Plasma thyroid hormones and insulin concentrations were not affected by diet and significantly changed by time. The last week of pregnancy T3 (2.27 ± 0.15 ng/mL) and T4 (102.63 ± 2.85 ng/mL) were lower than at 4 weeks before lambing (T3: 3.27 ± 0.27 ng/mL; T4: 125.89 ± 2.63 ng/mL). After lambing, T3 rose to be highest at 4 and 8 weeks of lactation (3.41 ± 0.22). Mean insulin peaked 2 weeks after lambing (0.31 ± 0.02 ng/mL) vs. late pregnancy (0.22 ± 0.01 ng/mL) and progressing lactation (0.18 ± 0.01 ng/mL). Plasma Leptin concentration (2.43 ± 0.03 ng/mL) was not affected by diet nor time. All the blood metabolites and enzymes investigated showed significant time x treatment interaction. Differences of several haematological parameters were found in EL vs. CTR (cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, bilirubin, ALP, ALT), however, in most cases the values were fairly within the reference physiological ranges. Metabolic hormones are confirmed to be mainly linked to the different physiological states, energy intake and variations of energy balance, without clear effects by different sources of energy and quality of dietary lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Todini
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Malfatti
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Laura Mughetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cappelli K, Ferlisi F, Mecocci S, Maranesi M, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Zerani M, Dal Bosco A, Acuti G. Dietary Supplementation of Olive Mill Waste Water Polyphenols in Rabbits: Evaluation of the Potential Effects on Hepatic Apoptosis, Inflammation and Metabolism through RT-qPCR Approach. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2932. [PMID: 34679953 PMCID: PMC8532769 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial processing for the production of food or non-food products generates a wide range of by-products and residues rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols. The concentration of these by-products is sometimes higher than in the original raw material as in the case of olive mill waste water (OMWW), one of the main by-products of olive oil extraction. Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites that regulate the expression of specific inflammatory genes, transcriptional factors and pro/anti-apoptotic molecules, thus modulating the signaling pathways essential for cell health and homeostasis. The liver plays a key role in regulating homeostasis by responding to dietary changes in order to maintain nutritional and physiological states. In this study a nutrigenomic approach was adopted, which focuses on the effects of diet-health-gene interactions and the modulation of cellular processes, in order to evaluate the expression of the genes (AGER, BAX, COX2, IL1B, PPARA, PPARG, SIRT1, TNFA) involved in these interactions in the livers of rabbits fed with a diet supplemented with OMWW (POL) or without supplements (control, CTR). The RT-qPCR analysis showed the down-regulation of SIRT1, TNFA, AGER, BAX and PPARA transcripts in the POL group compared to the CTR group. These results show that OMWW dietary supplementation prevents cell death and tissue deterioration in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Flavia Ferlisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maranesi M, Dall’Aglio C, Acuti G, Cappelli K, Trabalza Marinucci M, Galarini R, Suvieri C, Zerani M. Effects of Dietary Polyphenols from Olive Mill Waste Waters on Inflammatory and Apoptotic Effectors in Rabbit Ovary. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061727. [PMID: 34207896 PMCID: PMC8228552 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary polyphenols on the expression of the effectors involved in inflammation and apoptosis in rabbit ovary. New Zealand White female rabbits were fed a basal control diet (CTR), or the same diet supplemented with a polyphenolic concentrate (POL, 282.4 mg/kg) obtained from olive mill waste waters. The follicle counts and the relative mRNA (RT-qPCR) and protein (immunohistochemistry) expression of the effectors involved in inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2; interleukin-1beta; tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFA) and apoptosis (BCL2-associated X protein, BAX), detected in the ovaries of both groups, were examined. The POL diet increased the primary and total follicles number. Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression was higher (p < 0.05) in the POL group than in the CTR group, whereas BAX was lower (p < 0.05) in POL than CTR. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of all the proteins examined, with weaker (p < 0.05) COX2 and BAX signals in POL. No differences between the CTR and POL groups were observed for IL1B and TNFA gene and protein expression. These preliminary findings show that dietary polyphenols modulate inflammatory and apoptotic activities in rabbit ovary, regulating cyclooxygenase-2 and BAX expression, thus suggesting a functional involvement of these dietary compounds in mammalian reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maranesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Dall’Aglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (K.C.)
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (K.C.)
| | - Massimo Trabalza Marinucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Perugia, piazzale Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cappelli K, Sabino M, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Acuti G, Capomaccio S, Menghini L, Verini-Supplizi A. Differential Effects of Dietary Oregano Essential Oil on the Inflammation Related Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Outdoor and Indoor Reared Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:602811. [PMID: 33718464 PMCID: PMC7946822 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.602811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive farming systems represent a stressful environment for pigs and negatively influence neuroendocrine functions, behavior, and performance. Outdoor farming is an alternative option, which is thought to imply several beneficial effects for the animal. Dietary essential oils are known to be an innovative strategy to improve pig health and performance, and oregano essential oil (ORE) possesses beneficial effects due to its antimicrobial, anti-fungal, and antioxidant properties. We tested the effect of dietary ORE on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 36 growing pigs, either reared under indoor or outdoor conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was used to evaluate the effect of diet (control vs. ORE) and the time of sampling (T1-120 days vs. T2-190 days) on the expression of inflammatory and immune-related genes (TNF, IL1β, IL8, IL18, IL10, IL1RN, STAT3, HSP90, ICAM-1, and NFKB1). Under outdoor condition, the majority of transcripts were upregulated (p < 0.05), assuming a general inflammatory status (TNF, HSP90, NFKB1, IL1β, and STAT3). However, an interaction between diet and the farming system was observed: HSP90, NFKB1, and STAT3 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in the outdoor reared pigs when fed the ORE diet. Our study showed that bioactive compounds of ORE exert their activity, especially when the animals are exposed to stressful stimuli. Dietary ORE can be an acceptable strategy to help pigs tolerate the stress related to the harsh, outdoor, rearing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcella Sabino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Carolis M, Barbato O, Acuti G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Melo de Sousa N, Canali C, Moscati L. Plasmatic Profile of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) during Gestation and Postpartum in Sarda and Lacaune Sheep Determined with Two Radioimmunoassay Systems. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091502. [PMID: 32854377 PMCID: PMC7552302 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nowadays the need to optimize and maximize the productivity of dairy sheep leads farmers to plan lambing in specific periods in order to avoid economic loss due to nonproductive animals. The goal is to diagnose pregnancy at early gestation in order to minimize the costs of unproductive animals and to properly formulate rations for the energy requirements of gestating or lactating animals at the same time. Moreover, early pregnancy diagnosis, as well as the possibility of distinguishing between single and multiple gestations, enables farmers to plan the management of lambing well in advance thus minimizing manpower requirements. This study showed, for the first time, the plasmatic profile of PAG (pregnancy-associated glycoproteins) in Sarda and Lacaune ewes during gestation and the postpartum period using two different radioimmune assay (RIA) systems, thus enhancing our knowledge regarding PAG concentrations in domestic ruminants. Moreover, it showed that for both breeds these RIA systems are capable of distinguishing pregnant from nonpregnant ewes starting from day 18 of gestation. Furthermore, the rapid disappearance of PAG concentration following lambing did not require the use of a cut-off limit in postpartum animals as a means for detecting a new pregnancy. Abstract This study was carried out to determine ovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (oPAG) levels in the plasma of Sarda and Lacaune ewes throughout gestation and in the first month postpartum, using two heterologous radioimmunoassays (RIA-706 and RIA-srPool) and to study the correlations between PAG levels and fetal gender and number. On Day 18 of pregnancy, PAG concentrations were detected in 90.1% and 80.8% of Sarda pregnant ewes with RIA-706 and RIA-srPool, respectively; and in 90% and in 75% of Lacaune pregnant ewes with RIA-706 and RIA-srPool, respectively. From Day 30, PAG concentrations were detected in all pregnant ewes by using both RIA methods. In the postpartum period, the PAG concentrations in Sarda ewes decreased rapidly reaching minimal levels (<1 ng/mL) on day 28 using both RIA-706 and RIA-srPool. In Lacaune ewes, PAG-706 levels were higher than PAG-srPool from parturition until the last day of observation (Day 28 postpartum). It was also observed that mean concentrations were higher in multiple than in single pregnancies in Sarda and Lacaune ewes. Moreover, due to the rapid disappearance of PAG concentration following lambing, a cut-off limit in postpartum animals was not required as a means for detecting a new pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Carolis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.A.); (M.T.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.A.); (M.T.-M.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7640; Fax: +39-075-585-7638
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.A.); (M.T.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.A.); (M.T.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Noelita Melo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Claudio Canali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (G.A.); (M.T.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Livia Moscati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gasco L, Acuti G, Bani P, Dalle Zotte A, Danieli PP, De Angelis A, Fortina R, Marino R, Parisi G, Piccolo G, Pinotti L, Prandini A, Schiavone A, Terova G, Tulli F, Roncarati A. Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1743209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Danieli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fortina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Aldo Prandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Tulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Matelica, MC, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dall'Aglio C, Mercati F, Faeti V, Acuti G, Trabalza Marinucci M, De Felice E, Tardella FM, Franciosini MP, Casagrande Proietti P, Catorci D, Stacchini P, Pastorelli A, Scocco P. Immuno- and glyco-histochemistry as a tool to evaluate the oregano supplemented feed effects in pig gut. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32214281 PMCID: PMC7058963 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among oregano properties, its antioxidant and antibacterial effects are particularly interesting. Oregano is also able to induce a higher glycoconjugate production in gut, creating a physical barrier against microorganisms. This study evaluated the effects of adding an aqueous extract of oregano (OAE) to the diet of two homogenous groups of pigs during the finisher phase. The diets were as follows: control commercial diet (CTR group) and CTR diet supplemented (2 g/kg) with OAE (O group). Samples of ileum and caecum from the two groups were examined by conventional histochemistry to analyze complex carbohydrates and by immunohistochemistry to detect Bcl-2 Associate X protein (BAX), an indicator of oxidative stress. Glyco-histochemistry showed significant differences between the two groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed a lower presence of BAX in O group. The OAE supplementation improved the production of glycoconjugates, able to enhance in pig the protection of intestinal mucosa by means of direct and indirect defense actions. The reduced BAX immunostaining observed in O group may be an indicator of enhanced antioxidant action promoted by oregano. The results of this study can be used in further research to identify ways to improve endogenous defence ability, with the aim of reducing antibiotic use and preventing antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
|
9
|
Caprioli G, Kamgang Nzekoue F, Fiorini D, Scocco P, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Acuti G, Tardella FM, Sagratini G, Catorci A. The effects of feeding supplementation on the nutritional quality of milk and cheese from sheep grazing on dry pasture. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:50-62. [PMID: 31163113 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1613347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of feeding supplementation on the nutritional characteristics of milk and cheese was studied in dairy sheep grazing on low mountain dry-grasslands during summer in typical sub-Mediterranean conditions of aridity. The control group (CG) of 25 sheep grazed on grass, while the experimental group (EG) of 25 sheep grazed on grass and received 600 g a day of a barley and corn mixture. Daily milk production showed a less pronounced decrease in EG than in CG (p ˂ 0.0368). After one month of supplementation, the concentrations of retinol and α-tocopherol in milk and cheese from EG were higher than CG (p < 0.05). Supplementary feeding had a positive effect on the fatty acid composition of the sheep milk. For the first time, positive effects on the volatile composition were found in EG cheese, displaying lower percentages of carboxylic acids associated with the pungent and rancid odour with respect to CG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Paola Scocco
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico M Tardella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Catorci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ranucci D, Branciari R, Cobellis G, Acuti G, Miraglia D, Olivieri O, Roila R, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Dietary essential oil mix improves oxidative stability and hygienic characteristic of lamb meat. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Dall'Aglio C, Scocco P, Maranesi M, Petrucci L, Acuti G, De Felice E, Mercati F. Immunohistochemical identification of resistin in the uterus of ewes subjected to different diets: Preliminary results. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 31060349 PMCID: PMC6509476 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin is a polypeptide hormone of the adipokine-family, primarily, but not exclusively, produced by the adipose tissue. Recent studies suggested that resistin may affect the male and female reproductive activity. The study aim was to immunohistochemically evaluate the presence and distribution of resistin in the ovine uterus. Uterine samples were collected from two groups of ewes at the end of an experimental trial during which the animals of the first group (CTRL) were fed only by grazing while those of the second one (EXP) were supplemented with barley and corn. Using a monoclonal antibody against resistin, tested by Western Blot, the immunopositive reaction was identified in the cytoplasm of epithelial lining cells and uterine glands. The endogenous production of resistin seemed to be affected by different diet, as evidenced by staining differences between the CTRL and EXP groups. Our findings support the existence of a peripheral resistin system in the sheep uterus. It is possible that this system is involved in the functionality of the uterus, which is also affected by the animal’s nutritional status.
Collapse
|
12
|
Proietti P, Trabalza Marinucci M, Del Pino AM, D'Amato R, Regni L, Acuti G, Chiaradia E, Palmerini CA. Selenium maintains Ca2+ homeostasis in sheep lymphocytes challenged by oxidative stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201523. [PMID: 30059547 PMCID: PMC6066243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element in human and animal diets, based upon a widespread range of beneficial effects that are primarily due to its antioxidant properties. While Se can be associated to anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activities, reproductive efficiency, and enhancement of the immune system, the mechanistic details of the corresponding biological processes are still largely elusive. To avoid deficiencies and increase bioavailability, Se it is generally supplied to livestock through Se-supplemented feeds or forage plants fertilized with inorganic Se. While the relationship between Ca2+ and ROS (reactive oxygen species) is well known, only a few studies have addressed the possible involvement of Se in the control of cytosolic Ca2+ in oxidative stress. The results on Ca2+ homeostasis were obtained adding exogenous Se in the form of SeO42- to sheep lymphomonocytes cultured in vitro. In particular, Se strongly attenuated 1mM H2O2-induced alteration of intracellular [Ca2+]C as well as the entry of extracellular Ca2+ into the cells with comparable EC50 values for sodium selenate accounting to 1.72 and 2.28 mM, respectively. In an ex vivo trial, it was observed that Ca2+ homeostasis can effectively be rescued in sheep lymphomonocytes exposed in vivo to a Se concentration of approximately 1.9 mM, that was achieved by feeding sheep with olive leaves previously sprayed with 500 mg/plant Na-selenate. Thus the results obtained suggest that the mode of action of selenium markedly influenced Ca2+-related signaling events. Furthermore, results clearly reveal that the protective effect of Se on Ca2+ homeostasis under oxidative challenge can be clearly and effectively achieved through an appropriate dietary regimen obtained also in a circular economy logic using pruning of olive trees treated to reduce tree drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Primo Proietti
- University of Study of Perugia, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Marco Del Pino
- University of Study of Perugia, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amato
- University of Study of Perugia, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- University of Study of Perugia, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- University of Study of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- University of Study of Perugia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Palmerini
- University of Study of Perugia, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Forte C, Branciari R, Pacetti D, Miraglia D, Ranucci D, Acuti G, Balzano M, Frega N, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) aqueous extract improves oxidative stability and consumer acceptance of meat enriched with CLA and n-3 PUFA in broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1774-1785. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
14
|
Cullere M, Tasoniero G, Giaccone V, Acuti G, Marangon A, Dalle Zotte A. Black soldier fly as dietary protein source for broiler quails: meat proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profile, oxidative status and sensory traits. Animal 2018; 12:640-647. [PMID: 28735587 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the perspective of improving the sustainability of meat production, insects have been rapidly emerging as innovative feed ingredient for some livestock species, including poultry. However, at present, there is still limited knowledge regarding the quality and sensory traits of the derived meat. Therefore, the present study tested the effect of a partial substitution of soya bean meal and oil with defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (H) in the diet for growing broiler quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on meat proximate composition, cholesterol, amino acid and mineral contents, fatty acid profile, oxidative status and sensory characteristics. To this purpose, three dietary treatments were designed: a control diet (C) and two diets (H1 and H2) corresponding to 10% and 15% H inclusion levels, respectively, were fed to growing quails from 10 to 28 days of age. At 28 days of age, quails were slaughtered and breast meat was used for meat quality evaluations. Meat proximate composition, cholesterol content and oxidative status remained unaffected by H supplementation as well as its sensory characteristics and off-flavours perception. Differently, with increasing the dietary H inclusion, the total saturated fatty acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid proportions raised to the detriment of the polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction thus lowering the healthiness of the breast meat. The H2 diet increased the contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, serine, tyrosine and threonine thus further enhancing the biological value of the meat protein. As a direct result of the dietary content of Ca and P, the meat of quails fed with the highest H level, displayed the highest Ca and the lowest P values. Therefore, meat quality evaluations confirmed H to be a promising insect protein source for quails. The only potential drawback from feeding H to broiler quails regarded the fatty acid profile of the meat, therefore requiring further research efforts to understand to what extent the fatty acid profile of H can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cullere
- 1Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health,University of Padova,Agripolis,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Legnaro,Padova,Italy
| | - G Tasoniero
- 1Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health,University of Padova,Agripolis,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Legnaro,Padova,Italy
| | - V Giaccone
- 1Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health,University of Padova,Agripolis,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Legnaro,Padova,Italy
| | - G Acuti
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine,University of Perugia,Via San Costanzo 4,06126 Perugia,Italy
| | - A Marangon
- 3Laboratorio Analisi Sensoriale,Veneto Agricoltura - Istituto per la Qualità e le Tecnologie Agroalimentari,Via S. Gaetano 74,36016 Thiene,Vicenza,Italy
| | - A Dalle Zotte
- 1Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health,University of Padova,Agripolis,Viale dell'Università 16,35020 Legnaro,Padova,Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miraglia D, Ranucci D, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Acuti G, Forte C, Codini M, Roila R, Branciari R. Microbiological, chemical-physical and sensory characteristics of Fabriano salami from pigs fed Oregano vulgaris extract. Ital J Food Saf 2018; 6:6906. [PMID: 29564235 PMCID: PMC5850048 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2017.6906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effect of Oregano vulgaris extract supplementation of heavy pig diet on the microbiological, chemical-physical and sensory characteristics of Fabriano salami. Fabriano salamis were produced processing meat derived from pigs belonging to two dietary groups of 16 pigs each: CTRL group fed a commercial pelleted feed, and OR group fed the CTRL diet integrated with 0.2% of oregano extract. Ten salamis per group were collected at 0, 7, 20 and 45 days of ripening and analysed for total viable count, enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp, coagulase negative and positive staphylococci, Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogens, pH, water activity (aw) and colour (CIE L*a*b* colour system). At the end of the ripening (day 45) chemical composition (AOAC, 1990), total antioxidant capacity (ORACFL), thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), total phenolic content (TPC) (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and consumer tests were performed. The integration of oregano extract in pig diets did not interfere with the microbial evolution, chemical composition, pH and aw. After 20 days of ripening the OR salami were redder then CTRL samples, which were also yellower at the end of ripening. Furthermore, the diet has significantly improved the oxidative status, the polyphenolic content and antioxidant power in OR salami. The consumers gave a higher score to OR salami in informed condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Miraglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | | | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | - Claudio Forte
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Umbria and Marche, Perugia
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Forte C, Ranucci D, Beghelli D, Branciari R, Acuti G, Todini L, Cavallucci C, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Dietary integration with oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil improves growth rate and oxidative status in outdoor-reared, but not indoor-reared, pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:e352-e361. [PMID: 28067421 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a diet supplemented with oregano essential oil on performance, oxidative status, pork quality traits and sensorial properties were evaluated. In two studies, 72 pigs in indoor or outdoor conditions were assigned to either a control diet or an identical diet supplemented with 0.2% oregano essential oil. Pigs reared outdoor showed lower live weight, average daily gain and average gain:feed ratio compared to indoor pigs. The oregano supplementation improved the growth performance of the outdoor- but not the indoor-reared animals. The serum oxidative status was influenced by the diet. A higher oxidative stability was observed in the oregano-supplemented groups. As for the rearing conditions, the data suggest that after an initial adapting period, the free-range farming systems could be better tolerated by pigs. Meat derived from pigs reared outdoor showed higher pH and a* values. Lightness was influenced by both the diet and the rearing conditions. The control group reared indoor showed shear force values higher than both supplemented groups, while no differences were detected with the control group reared outdoor. In the consumer test performed under blind conditions, the oregano groups achieved higher consistency scores compared with the control. Under informed conditions, the meat derived from the oregano-supplemented pigs reared outdoor received the highest scores for consistency and overall liking regardless of the rearing system. The same result for the overall liking score was obtained in the expectation test. The data obtained showed that dietary oregano essential oil can be effective in reducing performance losses due to the outdoor-rearing system, increasing the oxidative status of the animal and oxidative stability of the meat, without modifying the meat quality traits and improving consumer perceptions of the meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Forte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - D Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - D Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - R Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Todini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - C Cavallucci
- Nuovo Molino di Assisi, Bastia Umbra, Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scocco P, Forte C, Franciosini MP, Mercati F, Casagrande-Proietti P, Dall'Aglio C, Acuti G, Tardella FM, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Gut complex carbohydrates and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens fed with oregano (Origanum vulgareL.) aqueous extract and vitamin E. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:676-684. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Scocco
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Camerino; Macerata Italy
| | - C. Forte
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - M. P. Franciosini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - F. Mercati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | | | - C. Dall'Aglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - G. Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - F. M. Tardella
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Camerino; Macerata Italy
| | - M. Trabalza-Marinucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Perugia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Forte C, Acuti G, Manuali E, Casagrande Proietti P, Pavone S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Moscati L, Onofri A, Lorenzetti C, Franciosini MP. Effects of two different probiotics on microflora, morphology, and morphometry of gut in organic laying hens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2528-2535. [PMID: 27143778 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis, used as probiotics, on the microflora, morphology, and morphometry of the gut in organic laying hens. The birds (180 Hy-Line laying hens) were divided into 3 homogenous groups and received a pre-deposition diet from 16 to 20 wk of age and a deposition diet for the remaining 7 months of the experiment. The control group ( CTR: ) was fed a corn-soybean cake-based diet, the second group ( L: ) received the same diet supplemented with 0.1% of L. acidophilus while in the third group ( B: ) the basal diet was supplemented with 0.05% of B. subtilis At 18 wk of age ( T1: ) and at 5 ( T2: ) and 7 months ( T3: ) from the beginning of deposition, 9 subjects per group were humanely killed for microbiological, morphological and morphometric analyses of the intestinal tract. The 2 probiotic-supplemented diets increased Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. counts compared with the CTR diet. The lowest viable counts of E. coli, coliforms and staphylococci were observed in the L group (P < 0.001). Clostridium spp. decreased (P < 0.001) in both L and B subjects. The probiotic supplementation appeared to affect the intestinal microbial population, promoting the presence of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. and reducing potential harmful bacteria such as E. coli, clostridia and staphylococci. Morphological and morphometric analyses did not reveal substantial differences among groups. At T3, the plasma cell infiltrate in the villi of the CTR hens was more severe than that observed in the L and B groups (P = 0.009).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Forte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - G Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - S Pavone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - L Moscati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - C Lorenzetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - M P Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cobellis G, Yu Z, Forte C, Acuti G, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Dietary supplementation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves in sheep affects the abundance of rumen methanogens and other microbial populations. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:27. [PMID: 27123239 PMCID: PMC4847361 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumen microbiome has a great influence on ruminant health and productivity. Different plant extracts have been tested for their ability to modulate the rumen microbiome to improve feed digestion and fermentation. Among the evaluated plant extracts, essential oils, tannins, and saponins appeared to have positive effects on rumen protein metabolism, volatile fatty acids production, and methane and ammonia production. METHODS The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves and essential oils on rumen microbial populations. Four ruminally cannulated sheep were used in a 4×4 Latin square design fed (21 d/period): 1) a control diet composed of alfalfa hay and concentrate pellet (CTR), 2) CTR supplemented with 7 g/d/sheep of rosemary essential oil adsorbed on an inert support (EO), 3) CTR with 10 g/d/sheep of dried and ground rosemary leaves (RL), and 4) CTR with 10 g/d of dried and ground rosemary leaves pelleted into concentrate (RL pellet). Abundance of total bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and some select bacterial species or groups was quantified using qPCR, while the community of bacteria and archaea was profiled using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS No difference in abundance was noted for total bacteria, protozoa, or Ruminococcus flavefaciens between the control and the treatments, but the rosemary leaves, either in loose form or in pellet, decreased the abundance of archaea and the genus Prevotella (P < 0.001). The rosemary leaves in loose form also decreased (P < 0.001) the abundance of Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium aminophilum, while the EO increased (P < 0.001) the abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes. The community of bacteria and archaea was not affected by any of the supplements. CONCLUSIONS Being able to affect the abundance of several groups of rumen microbes that are known to be involved in degradation of protein and fiber and production of methane and ammonia, rosemary leaves may be used to modulate rumen microbiome and its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cobellis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy ; Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mughetti L, Acuti G, Antonini C, De Vincenzi S, Olivieri O, Marinucci MT. Effects of feeding raw or extruded linseed on the ruminal ecosystem of sheep. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Mughetti
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Italy
| | - G. Acuti
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Italy
| | - C. Antonini
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Italy
| | - S. De Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale e Biotecnologie Agroambientali e Zootecniche, Università di Perugia, Italy
| | - O. Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Forte C, Moscati L, Acuti G, Mugnai C, Franciosini MP, Costarelli S, Cobellis G, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on laying performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry and immune response of organic laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:977-87. [PMID: 26614687 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different probiotic micro-organisms on the performance, egg quality and blood parameters of organically reared hens. A total of 900 16-week-old Hy-Line layer hybrids were randomly assigned to three groups of 300 birds each. The control (CTR) group was fed a corn-soya bean cake-based diet; the L group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.1% Lactobacillus acidophilus, while the B group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.05% Bacillus subtilis. Data were recorded at the beginning (weeks 5 and 6: T1) and at the end (weeks 19 and 20: T2) of the experiment, and no differences in hen performance were recorded between dietary groups or sampling times. All of the investigated clinical chemistry parameters, except GGT, were affected by diet (p < 0.05), with the best results recorded for the probiotic-treated groups. The immune-response values showed higher blood bactericidal activity in the B and L groups at T2 (p < 0.05) and a lower lysozime concentration in the B group at T1. Higher antibody production against Newcastle disease virus was observed in the L group compared to the CTR (p = 0.013). No differences in oxidative status were recorded, and no effects of diet on egg quality were observed. Among the physical egg characteristics, only the Roche scale colour was affected by diet (p < 0.05): the egg yolk was paler in the L group. The age of the hen was the most relevant factor affecting physical egg characteristics. The chemical parameters of the egg were almost unaffected by supplementation with probiotics except for the lipid content, which decreased with the L diet (p < 0.05). Both probiotic inclusions had beneficial effects on hen metabolism and welfare, and L. acidophilus induced the best immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Forte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - L Moscati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Mugnai
- Faculty of Biosciences and Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - M P Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Costarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Cobellis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Franciosini MP, Casagrande-Proietti P, Forte C, Beghelli D, Acuti G, Zanichelli D, dal Bosco A, Castellini C, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Effects of oregano (Origanum vulgareL.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)aqueous extracts on broiler performance, immune function and intestinal microbial population. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Ranucci D, Miraglia D, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Acuti G, Codini M, Ceccarini MR, Forte C, Branciari R. Dietary Effects of Oregano ( Origanum Vulgaris L.) Plant or Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea Sativa Mill.) Wood Extracts on Microbiological, Chemico-Physical Characteristics and Lipid Oxidation of Cooked ham During Storage. Ital J Food Saf 2015; 4:5497. [PMID: 27800421 PMCID: PMC5076687 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2015.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effect of feeding pigs with diets enriched with sweet chestnut wood (Castanea sativa Mill.) or oregano (Origanum vulgaris L.) extract on the microbiological and chemical characteristics of cooked pork ham. Three groups of 10 pigs were fed with a control diet (CTRL), with the CTRL diet enriched with 0.2% of oregano extract (OR) and with the CTRL diet enriched with 0.2% of sweet chestnut wood extract (SCW), respectively. Six cooked hams per group were produced, sliced and packaged under a modified atmosphere (N2:CO2=80:20) and stored at refrigeration temperature (4±1°C). Three packages per cooked ham were sampled for analyses at three different storage times (0, 10 and 20 days). At day 0 time, antioxidant capacity of the products (ORACFL assay) and chemical composition were performed. At each sampling time, from all the samples the following analyses were performed: total microbial count (TMC), lactic acid bacteria count (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae count, Listeria monocytogenes, pH value, colour coordinates (L*, a*, b*), total basic volatile nitrogen (TBVN) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARs) determinations. No differences in TMC, LAB and Enterobacteriaceae count, pH, TBVN, chemical composition and L* values were registered between the three groups at all the sampling times considered. No Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the samples tested. Significant differences were registered for ORACFL at 0 days, a* and b* values and TBARs value at 10 and 20 days of storage, with higher values for ORACFL, a* and b* values and lower values for TBARs in SCW and OR than CTRL. No antimicrobial effect could be recorded for OR and SCW but a higher oxidative stability, also highlighted by the colour maintenance, was observed in both OR and SCW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia
| | - Dino Miraglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia
| | | | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cobellis G, Acuti G, Forte C, Menghini L, De Vincenzi S, Orrù M, Valiani A, Pacetti D, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Use of Rosmarinus officinalis in sheep diet formulations: Effects on ruminal fermentation, microbial numbers and in situ degradability. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
25
|
Ranucci D, Beghelli D, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Branciari R, Forte C, Olivieri O, Badillo Pazmay G, Cavallucci C, Acuti G. Dietary effects of a mix derived from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood extract on pig performance, oxidative status and pork quality traits. Meat Sci 2015; 100:319-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
26
|
Brachelente C, Lepri E, Acuti G, Giontella A, Trabalza Marinucci M, Mechelli L, Porcellato I. Effect of the Physiological State and of a Diet Rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) on the Immune Response of the Mammary Gland in Sheep. J Comp Pathol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
27
|
Ranucci D, Branciari R, Acuti G, Della Casa G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Miraglia D. Quality traits of Ciauscolo salami from meat of pigs fed rosemary extract enriched diet. Ital J Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2013.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
28
|
Mughetti L, Sinesio F, Acuti G, Antonini C, Moneta E, Peparaio M, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Integration of extruded linseed into dairy sheep diets: Effects on milk composition and quality and sensorial properties of Pecorino cheese. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Acuti G, Todini L, Malfatti A, Antonini M, Barbato O, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Effects of field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) dietary supplementation on plasma thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations and mohair characteristics in growing Angora goat kids. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 93:456-66. [PMID: 18484965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two Angora kids were used to study the effect of a dietary supplementation with field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) on hair follicle activity, mohair characteristics and plasma total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. At birth, their mothers were divided in two groups (S: supplemented, C: control), the S group being supplemented with 300 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, diet of kids from S group was supplemented with 80 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, secondary hair follicle activity (S: 0.91 ± 0.01, C: 0.84 ± 0.02, p < 0.01) and staple length (S: 5.82 ± 0.13 cm, C: 5.16 ± 0.14 cm, p < 0.001) were greater in the S group. At 155 days of age, secondary fibre diameter (S: 16.54 ± 0.35 μm, C: 18.09 ± 0.31 μm, p < 0.01) was higher in the C kids. Concentrations of total plasma T4 and T3 were higher (p < 0.001) in S (120 ± 12 and 4.87 ± 0.92 ng/ml respectively) than in C kids (92 ± 8 and 2.97 ± 0.77 ng/ml respectively). At weaning, T4 values were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary fibre diameter and the T3/T4 ratio was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary to primary hair follicle ratio. At 155 days of age, both T3 and T3/T4 values were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with staple length. Plasma INS (0.11 ± 0.03 ng/ml) and total IGF-1 concentrations (232 ± 13 ng/ml) were not affected by diet. Improvements of diet quality in kids positively affected fibre diameter and length and follicle activity rate. We suggest that increased circulating thyroid hormones concentrations, but not those of INS and IGF-1, may contribute to the beneficial actions of nutritional supplementation on anatomical growth and mohair production of kids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Acuti
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Universita` degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Trabalza Marinucci M, Capecci A, Riganelli N, Acuti G, Antonini C, Olivieri O. Dietary preferences and ruminal protozoal populations in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon). Ital J Animal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Antonini C, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Franceschini R, Mughetti L, Acuti G, Faba A, Asdrubali G, Boiti C. In vivo mechanical and in vitro electromagnetic side-effects of a ruminal transponder in cattle1,2. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:3133-42. [PMID: 17032809 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was undertaken to assess the long-term impacts of a ruminal transponder, used for electronic identification, on ruminal motility and on health and performance of cattle, as well as to study the electromagnetic effects on ruminal bacteria in vitro. A passive transponder (51.4 g, 67 x 17 mm) was delivered into the forestomachs of 8 calves, 32 bulls, 10 heifers, and 40 dairy cows. Final readability was 87.5% in calves, 96.9% in bulls, 90% in heifers, and 100% in cows at 481, 360, 650, and 601 d, respectively, after transponder administration. The transponder did not affect production or reproduction of cows over a 2-yr period, or performance of bulls, or mortality compared with control animals. Chewing movements per bolus were lower (P <0.01) in treated animals than in controls (49.6 vs. 52.2, 51.2 vs. 63.6, and 57.0 vs. 59.7 for bulls, heifers, and cows, respectively). Regurgitation frequency (number of boluses/10 min) tended to be greater in treated cattle: 12.4 vs. 11.3 (P = 0.07), 11.3 vs. 10.6, and 11.3 vs. 10.7 (P = 0.08) for bulls, heifers, and cows, respectively. Rumination patterns of calves fitted with transponders within the first weeks of life were similar to controls. During the experiment, 43 treated animals (8 calves, 29 bulls, and 6 cows) were slaughtered. Thirty transponders were localized in the reticulum (3 calves, 24 bulls, and 3 cows), 11 in the rumen (4 calves, 4 bulls, and 3 cows), and 2 were not recovered (1 calf and 1 bull). Within the calves, 57% of the boluses were found in the rumen. In 8 reticula (2 calves and 6 bulls) and 1 rumen (1 cow), an impression left by physical contact of the transponder was observed, although histological examination did not reveal specific lesions in the mucosa of the dystrophic areas. In strained, whole ruminal contents incubated in vitro, pH values were lower after 24 and 48 h (P <0.001) of continuous exposure to an electromagnetic field induced by the transponder-reading system. After 48 h of incubation, total bacterial numbers and NH3-N concentration were greater (P <0.001) in exposed flasks than in controls. These data indicate that the transponder may alter, via mechanical action, the reticuloruminal mucosa and rumination patterns. Furthermore, the transponder may increase, via its electromagnetic action, the growth rate and metabolic activity of ruminal bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Antonini
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|