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Fischman RL, Ruhl JB, Forester BR, Lama TM, Kardos M, Rojas GA, Robinson NA, Shirey PD, Lamberti GA, Ando AW, Palumbi S, Wara M, Schwartz MW, Williamson MA, Berger-Wolf T, Beery S, Rolnick D, Kitzes J, Thau D, Tuia D, Rubenstein D, Hickman CR, Thorstenson J, Kaebnick GE, Collins JP, Jayaram A, Deleuil T, Zhao Y. A landmark environmental law looks ahead. Science 2023; 382:1348-1355. [PMID: 38127744 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In late December 1973, the United States enacted what some would come to call "the pitbull of environmental laws." In the 50 years since, the formidable regulatory teeth of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) have been credited with considerable successes, obliging agencies to draw upon the best available science to protect species and habitats. Yet human pressures continue to push the planet toward extinctions on a massive scale. With that prospect looming, and with scientific understanding ever changing, Science invited experts to discuss how the ESA has evolved and what its future might hold. -Brad Wible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J B Ruhl
- Vanderbilt University Law School, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Tanya M Lama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Marty Kardos
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Grethel Aguilar Rojas
- Director General, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas A Robinson
- Executive Governor, International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL), New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick D Shirey
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Amy W Ando
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Palumbi
- Department of Oceans and Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Wara
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Tanya Berger-Wolf
- Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Wild Me, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sara Beery
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Rolnick
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mila-Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Kitzes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Thau
- World Wildlife Fund, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devis Tuia
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Caleb R Hickman
- Office of Fisheries & Wildlife Management, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Cherokee, NC, USA
| | | | | | - James P Collins
- School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Ying Zhao
- CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zachritz AM, O'Reilly KE, Smith DL, Cooper MJ, Schlaht KM, Lamberti GA. Bioaccumulation of mercury in Lake Michigan painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:75. [PMID: 38135786 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination of aquatic environments can lead to bioaccumulation in organisms, but most previous work has focused on fish and not on semi-aquatic reptiles such as turtles that traverse both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Here, we analyzed total Hg (THg) concentrations in 30 painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) collected from Lake Michigan (USA) coastal wetlands in 2013 to determine if (1) turtles bioaccumulated THg from the environment, (2) concentrations differed between turtle liver and muscle tissue, and (3) tissue concentrations were related to environmental concentrations (e.g., sediment THg). All individual turtles had detectable THg concentrations in both liver and muscle tissue. On average, THg concentrations were over three times higher in liver tissue compared to muscle tissue. We found a positive linear relationship between muscle THg concentrations and turtle body mass, a proxy for age, suggesting bioaccumulation in this species. Neither liver nor muscle THg concentrations followed the sediment contaminant gradient in the wetlands. Despite this, location was a strong predictor of tissue concentration in a linear model suggesting that other site-specific characteristics may be important. Overall, our results demonstrate that painted turtles accumulate mercury in liver and muscle tissues at different rates, which may be constrained by local conditions. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between environmental mercury concentrations and body burdens in animals like turtles that traverse habitats. In addition, long-lived turtles could be incorporated into pollution monitoring programs to provide a more holistic picture of food web contamination and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Zachritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Katherine E O'Reilly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Dayna L Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Matthew J Cooper
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, 49101, USA
| | - Karl M Schlaht
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Snyder ED, Tank JL, Brandão-Dias PFP, Bibby K, Shogren AJ, Bivins AW, Peters B, Curtis EM, Bolster D, Egan SP, Lamberti GA. Environmental DNA (eDNA) removal rates in streams differ by particle size under varying substrate and light conditions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166469. [PMID: 37633388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a sampling tool offers insights into the detection of invasive and/or rare aquatic species and enables biodiversity assessment without traditional sampling approaches, which are often labor-intensive. However, our understanding of the environmental factors that impact eDNA removal (i.e., how rapidly eDNA is removed from the water column by the combination of decay and physical removal) in flowing waters is limited. This limitation constrains predictions about the location and density of target organisms after positive detection. To address this question, we spiked Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) eDNA into recirculating mesocosms (n = 24) under varying light (shaded versus open) and benthic substrate conditions (no substrate, bare substrate, and biofilm-colonized substrate). We then collected water samples from each mesocosm at four time points (40 min, 6 h, 18 h, and 48 h), and sequentially filtered the samples through 10, 1.0, and 0.2 μm filters to quantify removal rates for different eDNA particle sizes under varying light and substrate conditions. Combining all size classes, total eDNA removal rates were higher for mesocosms with biofilm-colonized substrate compared to those with no substrate or bare (i.e., no biofilm) substrate, which is consistent with previous findings linking biofilm colonization with increased eDNA removal and degradation. Additionally, when biofilm was present, light availability increased eDNA removal; eDNA levels fell below detection after 6-18 h for open mesocosms versus 18-48 h for shaded mesocosms. Among size classes, larger particles (>10 μm) were removed faster than small particles (1.0-0.2 μm). These results suggest that changes in the distribution of eDNA size classes over time (e.g., with downstream transport) and with differing environmental conditions could be used to predict the location of target organisms in flowing waters, which will advance the use of eDNA as a tool for species monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise D Snyder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | | | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Arial J Shogren
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Science and Engineering Complex,1325 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA.
| | - Aaron W Bivins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Brett Peters
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 721 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Erik M Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Diogo Bolster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA.
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Rediske RR, Paterson G, Lamberti GA. Pacific salmon as vectors of environmental contaminants: An experimental test confirms synoptic surveys in natural streams. Environ Pollut 2023; 336:122355. [PMID: 37567402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Pacific salmon transfer large quantities of material to tributaries during their spawning migrations, including carcass tissue and labile nutrients but also persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. We conducted a Before-After-Control-Intervention experiment by adding salmon carcasses and eggs to a Michigan (USA) stream that had never received inputs from non-native salmon to understand the bioaccumulation and persistence of biotransported contaminants. Our experimental outcomes were compared to previous studies using meta-analysis. Coincident with the introduction of salmon, the PCB and DDE burden of resident trout significantly increased. However, we did not observe changes in total mercury (Hg). Two years after the salmon addition experiment concluded, resident trout POP concentrations had returned to pre-addition levels, with no difference between the treatment and control reaches. Analysis of effect sizes suggested that the contaminant response observed in our experiment is consistent with field survey observations. Our study suggested that the consumption of salmon eggs drove the increase in POP burden of resident trout while Hg bioaccumulation was influenced by watershed sources. Critically, our study suggests that ecosystems are capable of quickly recovering from POP inputs from species migrations if contaminant sources are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Gerig
- Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, National Park Service, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Dominic T Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Richard R Rediske
- Annis Water Resource Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
| | - Gordon Paterson
- Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Miranda DA, Zachritz AM, Whitehead HD, Cressman SR, Peaslee GF, Lamberti GA. Occurrence and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Lake Michigan fishes. Sci Total Environ 2023; 895:164903. [PMID: 37355115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
We measured perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in prey and predator fish from Lake Michigan (USA) to investigate the occurrence and biomagnification of these compounds in this important ecosystem. Twenty-one PFAS were analyzed in 117 prey fish obtained from sites across Lake Michigan and in 87 salmonids collected in four lake quadrants. The mean concentration of sum (∑) PFAS above the method detection limit was 12.7 ± 6.96 ng g-1 wet weight in predator fish (all of which were salmonids) and 10.7 ± 10.4 ng g-1 in prey fish, with outlier levels found in slimy sculpin, Cottus cognatus (187 ± 12.2 ng g-1 ww). Perfluorooctanoic sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most frequently detected and most abundant compound of the 21 PFAS, occurring in 98 % of individuals with a mean concentration of 9.86 ± 6.36 ng g-1 ww without outliers. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA) concentrations were higher in prey fish than in predators, with some compounds such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being detected in higher frequency in prey fish. Besides PFOS, detection of several long-chain (C8-C12) PFCAs were observed in >80 % of the prey fish. Overall, the observed concentrations in Lake Michigan fish were lower than those reported in other Laurentian Great Lakes except for Lake Superior. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) for PFOS exceeded 1.0 (range, 1.80 to 5.12) in all predator-prey relationships analyzed, indicating biomagnification of these compounds, whereas BMFs of other long-chain PFCAs varied according to the fish species. PFAS were found in all fish species measured from Lake Michigan and commonly biomagnified from prey to predator fish, strongly suggesting a dietary connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Miranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Alison M Zachritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Heather D Whitehead
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Shannon R Cressman
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, New Franken, WI 54229, United States
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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Brandão-Dias PFP, Tank JL, Snyder ED, Mahl UH, Peters B, Bolster D, Shogren AJ, Lamberti GA, Bibby K, Egan SP. Suspended Materials Affect Particle Size Distribution and Removal of Environmental DNA in Flowing Waters. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:13161-13171. [PMID: 37610829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic systems is a complex mixture that includes dissolved DNA, intracellular DNA, and particle-adsorbed DNA. Information about the various components of eDNA and their relative proportions could be used to discern target organism abundance and location. However, a limited knowledge of eDNA adsorption dynamics and interactions with other materials hinders these applications. To address this gap, we used recirculating stream mesocosms to investigate the impact of suspended materials (fine particulate organic matter, plankton, clay, and titanium dioxide) on the eDNA concentration and particle size distribution (PSD) from two fish species in flowing water. Our findings revealed that eDNA rapidly adsorbs to other materials in the water column, affecting its concentration and PSD. Nonetheless, only particulate organic matter affected eDNA removal rate after 30 h. Moreover, we observed that the removal of larger eDNA components (≥10 μm) was more strongly influenced by physical processes, whereas the removal of smaller eDNA components was driven by biological degradation. This disparity in removal mechanisms between larger and smaller eDNA components could explain changes in eDNA composition over time and space, which have implications for modeling the spatial distribution and abundance of target species and optimizing eDNA detection in high turbidity systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Elise D Snyder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ursula H Mahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brett Peters
- Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Diogo Bolster
- Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Arial J Shogren
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kyle Bibby
- Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Brandão-Dias PFP, Hallack DMC, Snyder ED, Tank JL, Bolster D, Volponi S, Shogren AJ, Lamberti GA, Bibby K, Egan SP. Particle size influences decay rates of environmental DNA in aquatic systems. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:756-770. [PMID: 36633071 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a powerful tool for remote detection of target organisms. However, obtaining quantitative and longitudinal information from eDNA data is challenging, requiring a deep understanding of eDNA ecology. Notably, if the various size components of eDNA decay at different rates, and we can separate them within a sample, their changing proportions could be used to obtain longitudinal dynamics information on targets. To test this possibility, we conducted an aquatic mesocosm experiment in which we separated fish-derived eDNA components using sequential filtration to evaluate the decay rate and changing proportion of various eDNA particle sizes over time. We then fit four alternative mathematical decay models to the data, building towards a predictive framework to interpret eDNA data from various particle sizes. We found that medium-sized particles (1-10 μm) decayed more slowly than other size classes (i.e., <1 and > 10 μm), and thus made up an increasing proportion of eDNA particles over time. We also observed distinct eDNA particle size distribution (PSD) between our Common carp and Rainbow trout samples, suggesting that target-specific assays are required to determine starting eDNA PSDs. Additionally, we found evidence that different sizes of eDNA particles do not decay independently, with particle size conversion replenishing smaller particles over time. Nonetheless, a parsimonious mathematical model where particle sizes decay independently best explained the data. Given these results, we suggest a framework to discern target distance and abundance with eDNA data by applying sequential filtration, which theoretically has both metabarcoding and single-target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel M C Hallack
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Elise D Snyder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer L Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Diogo Bolster
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Sabrina Volponi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Arial J Shogren
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Miranda DDA, Peaslee GF, Zachritz AM, Lamberti GA. A worldwide evaluation of trophic magnification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022; 18:1500-1512. [PMID: 35029321 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A review of the published literature on the trophic magnification factor (TMF) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was conducted to assess how biomagnification varies across aquatic systems worldwide. Although the TMF has been recognized as the most reliable tool for assessing the biomagnification of organic contaminants, peer-reviewed studies reporting TMFs for PFAS are few and with limited geographical distribution. We found 25 published studies of the biomagnification of 35 specific PFAS, for which the TMF was generated through linear regression of individual log-PFAS concentration and the δ15 N-based trophic position of each organism in the food webs. Studies were concentrated mainly in China, North America, and Europe, and the most investigated compound was perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which was frequently shown to be biomagnified in the food web (TMFs ranging from 0.8 to 20). Other long-chain carboxylates displayed substantial variation in trophic magnification. Observed differences in the TMF were associated with length of the food web, geographic location, sampling methodologies, tissue analyzed, and distance from known direct PFAS inputs. In addition to biomagnification of legacy PFAS, precursor substances were observed to bioaccumulate in the food web, which suggests they may biotransform to more persistent PFAS compounds in upper trophic levels. This review discusses the variability of environmental characteristics driving PFAS biomagnification in natural ecosystems and highlights the different approaches used by each study, which can make comparisons among studies challenging. Suggestions on how to standardize TMFs for PFAS are also provided in this review. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1500-1512. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de A Miranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Alison M Zachritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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Houssein FA, O'Reilly KE, Peters BW, Brueseke MA, Lamberti GA. High-Frequency Photographic Imaging Provides Novel Insights into Nesting Bald Eagle Diet and Opportunities for Public Engagement. The American Midland Naturalist 2021. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-186.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firas A. Houssein
- University of Notre Dame, 292 Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Katherine E. O'Reilly
- University of Notre Dame, 292 Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Brett W. Peters
- University of Notre Dame, 720 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Michael A. Brueseke
- University of Notre Dame, B21A Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- University of Notre Dame, 290D Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Lamberti GA, Levesque NM, Brueseke MA, Chaloner DT, Benbow ME. Editorial: Animal Mass Mortalities in Aquatic Ecosystems: How Common and Influential? Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.602225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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McElroy ME, Dressler TL, Titcomb GC, Wilson EA, Deiner K, Dudley TL, Eliason EJ, Evans NT, Gaines SD, Lafferty KD, Lamberti GA, Li Y, Lodge DM, Love MS, Mahon AR, Pfrender ME, Renshaw MA, Selkoe KA, Jerde CL. Calibrating Environmental DNA Metabarcoding to Conventional Surveys for Measuring Fish Species Richness. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Entrekin SA, Rosi EJ, Tank JL, Hoellein TJ, Lamberti GA. Quantitative Food Webs Indicate Modest Increases in the Transfer of Allochthonous and Autochthonous C to Macroinvertebrates Following a Large Wood Addition to a Temperate Headwater Stream. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rüegg J, Chaloner DT, Ballantyne F, Levi PS, Song C, Tank JL, Tiegs SD, Lamberti GA. Understanding the Relative Roles of Salmon Spawner Enrichment and Disturbance: A High-Frequency, Multi-Habitat Field and Modeling Approach. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Larson CE, Pechal JL, Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Lamberti GA, Benbow ME. Microbial Community Response to a Novel Salmon Resource Subsidy. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Uzarski DG, Wilcox DA, Brady VJ, Cooper MJ, Albert DA, Ciborowski JJH, Danz NP, Garwood A, Gathman JP, Gehring TM, Grabas GP, Howe RW, Johnson LB, Lamberti GA, Moerke AH, Niemi GJ, Redder T, Ruetz CR, Steinman AD, Tozer DC, O’Donnell TK. Leveraging a Landscape-Level Monitoring and Assessment Program for Developing Resilient Shorelines throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes. Wetlands (Wilmington) 2019; 39:1357-1366. [PMID: 34326565 PMCID: PMC8318185 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-019-01139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, ecosystem monitoring, conservation, and restoration have been conducted in a piecemeal manner at the local scale without regional landscape context. However, scientifically driven conservation and restoration decisions benefit greatly when they are based on regionally determined benchmarks and goals. Unfortunately, required data sets rarely exist for regionally important ecosystems. Because of early recognition of the extreme ecological importance of Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands, and the extensive degradation that had already occurred, significant investments in coastal wetland research, protection, and restoration have been made in recent decades and continue today. Continued and refined assessment of wetland condition and trends, and the evaluation of restoration practices are all essential to ensuring the success of these investments. To provide wetland managers and decision makers throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes basin with the optimal tools and data needed to make scientifically-based decisions, our regional team of Great Lakes wetland scientists developed standardized methods and indicators used for assessing wetland condition. From a landscape perspective, at the Laurentian Great Lakes ecosystem scale, we established a stratified random-site-selection process to monitor birds, anurans, fish, macroinvertebrates, vegetation, and physicochemical conditions of coastal wetlands in the US and Canada. Monitoring of approximately 200 wetlands per year began in 2011 as the Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Monitoring Program. In this paper, we describe the development, delivery, and expected results of this ongoing international, multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder, landscape-scale monitoring program as a case example of successful application of landscape conservation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G. Uzarski
- Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station, and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Douglas A. Wilcox
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, SUNY College at Brockport, Brockport, NY, USA
| | - Valerie J. Brady
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Matthew J. Cooper
- Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station, and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
- Present address: Burke Center for Freshwater Innovation, Northland College, Ashland, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Garwood
- Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Gehring
- Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station, and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Greg P. Grabas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lucinda B. Johnson
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - Ashley H. Moerke
- Aquatic Research Laboratory, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, USA
| | - Gerald J. Niemi
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - Carl R. Ruetz
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, USA
| | - Alan D. Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, USA
| | - Douglas C. Tozer
- Long Point Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Program, Bird Studies Canada, Port Rowan, ON, Canada
| | - T. Kevin O’Donnell
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Gerig BS, Hermann NT, Chaloner DT, Lamberti GA. Using a dynamic bioenergetics-bioaccumulation model to understand mechanisms of uptake and bioaccumulation of salmon-derived contaminants by stream-resident fish. Sci Total Environ 2019; 652:633-642. [PMID: 30380471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem linkages created by migratory organisms such as Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) facilitate the transfer of ecologically beneficial resource subsidies and environmentally damaging contaminants to recipient food webs. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, introduced Pacific salmon accumulate large contaminant burdens that they disperse to streams during spawning in the form of carcass and gametic tissue, with uncertain consequences for stream food webs. Here, we describe a coupled bioenergetics-bioaccumulation model parameterized using empirical and literature-sourced data to predict the dual effect of Pacific salmon on stream-resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) growth and contaminant bioaccumulation. Within the model, we developed four unique scenarios to ascertain how the (1) trophic pathway to contamination, (2) level of salmon egg consumption, (3) intensity and duration of salmon exposure, and (4) age of first exposure to salmon, affected growth and contaminant bioaccumulation in brook trout. Our model demonstrated that salmon egg consumption increased brook trout growth and PCB bioaccumulation while reducing Hg tissue concentrations. Other trophic pathways, including direct carcass consumption and an indirect food web pathway, did not strongly influence growth or contaminant bioaccumulation. Our model also demonstrated that variation in the magnitude and temporal duration of salmon egg consumption mostly strongly influenced the growth and contaminant concentration of younger brook trout. Overall, our model highlighted that Pacific salmon transfer energy and contaminants but this balance is dictated by the food web pathway and plasticity in the diet of stream-resident fish. Our mechanistic, model-based evaluation of salmon contaminant biotransport can be extended to predict the impact of other migratory fishes on recipient food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Gerig
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI 49855, United States.
| | - Nathan T Hermann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Dominic T Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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19
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Cooper MJ, Lamberti GA, Moerke AH, Ruetz CR, Wilcox DA, Brady VJ, Brown TN, Ciborowski JJH, Gathman JP, Grabas GP, Johnson LB, Uzarski DG. An expanded fish-based index of biotic integrity for Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:580. [PMID: 30203154 PMCID: PMC6133009 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotic indicators are useful for assessing ecosystem health because the structure of resident communities generally reflects abiotic conditions integrated over time. We used fish data collected over 5 years for 470 Great Lakes coastal wetlands to develop multi-metric indices of biotic integrity (IBI). Sampling and IBI development were stratified by vegetation type within each wetland to account for differences in physical habitat. Metrics were evaluated against numerous indices of anthropogenic disturbance derived from water quality and surrounding land-cover variables. Separate datasets were used for IBI development and testing. IBIs were composed of 10-11 metrics for each of four vegetation types (bulrush, cattail, water lily, and submersed aquatic vegetation). Scores of all IBIs correlated well with disturbance indices using the development data, and the accuracy of our IBIs was validated using the testing data. Our fish IBIs can be used to prioritize wetland protection and restoration efforts across the Great Lakes basin. The IBIs will also be useful in monitoring programs mandated by the Agreement between Canada and the United States of America on Great Lakes Water Quality, such as for assessing Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs) in Great Lakes Areas of Concern, and in other ecosystem management programs in Canada and the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Cooper
- Mary Griggs Burke Center for Freshwater Innovation, Northland College, 1411 Ellis Ave, Ashland, WI 54806 USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Ashley H. Moerke
- Aquatic Research Laboratory, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI USA
| | - Carl R. Ruetz
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI USA
| | - Douglas A. Wilcox
- Department of Environmental Science and Biology, SUNY College at Brockport, Brockport, NY USA
| | - Valerie J. Brady
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN USA
| | - Terry N. Brown
- United State Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN USA
| | | | - Joseph P. Gathman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI USA
| | - Greg P. Grabas
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Lucinda B. Johnson
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN USA
| | - Donald G. Uzarski
- Institute for Great Lakes Research, CMU Biological Station, and Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI USA
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20
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Li Y, Evans NT, Renshaw MA, Jerde CL, Olds BP, Shogren AJ, Deiner K, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA, Pfrender ME. Estimating fish alpha- and beta-diversity along a small stream with environmental DNA metabarcoding. MBMG 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/mbmg.2.24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been increasingly applied to biodiversity surveys in stream ecosystems. In stream networks, the accuracy of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment depends on whether the upstream eDNA influx affects downstream detection. Biodiversity assessment in low-discharge streams should be less influenced by eDNA transport than in high-discharge streams. We estimated α- and β-diversity of the fish community from eDNA samples collected in a small Michigan (USA) stream from its headwaters to its confluence with a larger river. We found that α-diversity increased from upstream to downstream and, as predicted, we found a significant positive correlation between β-diversity and physical distance (stream length) between locations indicating species turnover along the longitudinal stream gradient. Sample replicates and different genetic markers showed similar species composition, supporting the consistency of the eDNA metabarcoding approach to estimate α- and β-diversity of fishes in low-discharge streams.
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21
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Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Janetski DJ, Moerke AH, Rediske RR, O'Keefe JP, de Alwis Pitts DA, Lamberti GA. Environmental context and contaminant biotransport by Pacific salmon interact to mediate the bioaccumulation of contaminants by stream-resident fish. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Gerig
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
- Department of Biology; Northern Michigan University; Marquette MI USA
| | - Dominic T. Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
| | - David J. Janetski
- Department of Biology; Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Indiana PA USA
| | - Ashley H. Moerke
- School of Biological Sciences; Lake Superior State University; Sault Ste. Marie MI USA
| | - Richard R. Rediske
- Annis Water Resource Institute; Grand Valley State University; Muskegon MI USA
| | - James P. O'Keefe
- Annis Water Resource Institute; Grand Valley State University; Muskegon MI USA
| | - Dilkushi A. de Alwis Pitts
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame IN USA
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22
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McGill LM, Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Lamberti GA. An ecosystem model for evaluating the effects of introduced Pacific salmon on contaminant burdens of stream-resident fish. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Vanni MJ, McIntyre PB, Allen D, Arnott DL, Benstead JP, Berg DJ, Brabrand Å, Brosse S, Bukaveckas PA, Caliman A, Capps KA, Carneiro LS, Chadwick NE, Christian AD, Clarke A, Conroy JD, Cross WF, Culver DA, Dalton CM, Devine JA, Domine LM, Evans-White MA, Faafeng BA, Flecker AS, Gido KB, Godinot C, Guariento RD, Haertel-Borer S, Hall RO, Henry R, Herwig BR, Hicks BJ, Higgins KA, Hood JM, Hopton ME, Ikeda T, James WF, Jansen HM, Johnson CR, Koch BJ, Lamberti GA, Lessard-Pilon S, Maerz JC, Mather ME, McManamay RA, Milanovich JR, Morgan DKJ, Moslemi JM, Naddafi R, Nilssen JP, Pagano M, Pilati A, Post DM, Roopin M, Rugenski AT, Schaus MH, Shostell J, Small GE, Solomon CT, Sterrett SC, Strand Ø, Tarvainen M, Taylor JM, Torres-Gerald LE, Turner CB, Urabe J, Uye SI, Ventelä AM, Villeger S, Whiles MR, Wilhelm FM, Wilson HF, Xenopoulos MA, Zimmer KD. A global database of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion rates of aquatic animals. Ecology 2017; 98:1475. [PMID: 28263380 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Animals can be important in modulating ecosystem-level nutrient cycling, although their importance varies greatly among species and ecosystems. Nutrient cycling rates of individual animals represent valuable data for testing the predictions of important frameworks such as the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) and ecological stoichiometry (ES). They also represent an important set of functional traits that may reflect both environmental and phylogenetic influences. Over the past two decades, studies of animal-mediated nutrient cycling have increased dramatically, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Here we present a global compilation of aquatic animal nutrient excretion rates. The dataset includes 10,534 observations from freshwater and marine animals of N and/or P excretion rates. These observations represent 491 species, including most aquatic phyla. Coverage varies greatly among phyla and other taxonomic levels. The dataset includes information on animal body size, ambient temperature, taxonomic affiliations, and animal body N:P. This data set was used to test predictions of MTE and ES, as described in Vanni and McIntyre (2016; Ecology DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1582).
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24
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Olds BP, Jerde CL, Renshaw MA, Li Y, Evans NT, Turner CR, Deiner K, Mahon AR, Brueseke MA, Shirey PD, Pfrender ME, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA. Estimating species richness using environmental DNA. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4214-26. [PMID: 27516876 PMCID: PMC4972244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The foundation for any ecological study and for the effective management of biodiversity in natural systems requires knowing what species are present in an ecosystem. We assessed fish communities in a stream using two methods, depletion‐based electrofishing and environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) from water samples, to test the hypothesis that eDNA provides an alternative means of determining species richness and species identities for a natural ecosystem. In a northern Indiana stream, electrofishing yielded a direct estimate of 12 species and a mean estimated richness (Chao II estimator) of 16.6 species with a 95% confidence interval from 12.8 to 42.2. eDNA sampling detected an additional four species, congruent with the mean Chao II estimate from electrofishing. This increased detection rate for fish species between methods suggests that eDNA sampling can enhance estimation of fish fauna in flowing waters while having minimal sampling impacts on fish and their habitat. Modern genetic approaches therefore have the potential to transform our ability to build a more complete list of species for ecological investigations and inform management of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett P Olds
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana; Shrimp Department Oceanic Institute at Hawai'i Pacific University Waimanalo Hawaii
| | - Christopher L Jerde
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana; Biology Department University of Nevada Reno Nevada
| | - Mark A Renshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Yiyuan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Nathan T Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Cameron R Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Kristy Deiner
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Andrew R Mahon
- Department of Biology Institute for Great Lakes Research Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan
| | - Michael A Brueseke
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Patrick D Shirey
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Michael E Pfrender
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - David M Lodge
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
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25
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Bobeldyk AM, Bossenbroek JM, Evans-White MA, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA. Secondary spread of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in coupled lake-stream systems. Écoscience 2016. [DOI: 10.2980/i1195-6860-12-3-339.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Yoo B, Jing B, Jones SE, Lamberti GA, Zhu Y, Shah JK, Maginn EJ. Molecular mechanisms of ionic liquid cytotoxicity probed by an integrated experimental and computational approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19889. [PMID: 26831599 PMCID: PMC4735680 DOI: 10.1038/srep19889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that remain liquid down to low temperatures, and sometimes well below room temperature. ILs have been called "green solvents" because of their extraordinarily low vapor pressure and excellent solvation power, but ecotoxicology studies have shown that some ILs exhibit greater toxicity than traditional solvents. A fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for IL toxicity remains elusive. Here we show that one mode of IL toxicity on unicellular organisms is driven by swelling of the cell membrane. Cytotoxicity assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and molecular simulations reveal that IL cations nucleate morphological defects in the microbial cell membrane at concentrations near the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of several microorganisms. Cytotoxicity increases with increasing alkyl chain length of the cation due to the ability of the longer alkyl chain to more easily embed in, and ultimately disrupt, the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Yoo
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637, USA
| | - Benxin Jing
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637, USA
| | - Stuart E. Jones
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Detroit, MI 46202 USA
| | - Jindal K. Shah
- Oklahoma State University, School of Chemical Engineering, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Edward J. Maginn
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5637, USA
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27
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Smith DL, Cooper MJ, Kosiara JM, Lamberti GA. Body burdens of heavy metals in Lake Michigan wetland turtles. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:128. [PMID: 26832725 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue heavy metal concentrations in painted (Chrysemys picta) and snapping (Chelydra serpentina) turtles from Lake Michigan coastal wetlands were analyzed to determine (1) whether turtles accumulated heavy metals, (2) if tissue metal concentrations were related to environmental metal concentrations, and (3) the potential for non-lethal sampling techniques to be used for monitoring heavy metal body burdens in freshwater turtles. Muscle, liver, shell, and claw samples were collected from painted and snapping turtles and analyzed for cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, and zinc. Turtle tissues had measurable quantities of all eight metals analyzed. Statistically significant correlations between tissue metal concentrations and sediment metal concentrations were found for a subset of metals. Metals were generally found in higher concentrations in the larger snapping turtles than in painted turtles. In addition, non-lethal samples of shell and claw were found to be possible alternatives to lethal liver and muscle samples for some metals. Human consumption of snapping turtles presents potential health risks if turtles are harvested from contaminated areas. Overall, our results suggest that turtles could be a valuable component of contaminant monitoring programs for wetland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna L Smith
- Present Address: Department of Biology, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, 61455, USA.
| | - Matthew J Cooper
- Present Address: Mary Griggs Burke Center for Freshwater Innovation, Northland College, Ashland, WI, 54806, USA
| | - Jessica M Kosiara
- Present Address: Institute for Great Lakes Research, Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-0369, USA
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28
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Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Janetski DJ, Rediske RR, O'Keefe JP, Moerke AH, Lamberti GA. Congener Patterns of Persistent Organic Pollutants Establish the Extent of Contaminant Biotransport by Pacific Salmon in the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:554-563. [PMID: 26641658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Great Lakes, introduced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) can transport persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), to new environments during their spawning migrations. To explore the nature and extent of POP biotransport by salmon, we compared 58 PCB and 6 PBDE congeners found in spawning salmon directly to those in resident stream fish. We hypothesized that stream fish exposed to salmon spawners would have congener patterns similar to those of salmon, the presumed contaminant source. Using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), we found that POP congener patterns of Pacific salmon varied among regions in the Great Lakes basin (i.e., Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, or Lake Superior), tissue type (whole fish or eggs), and contaminant type (PCB or PBDE). For stream-resident fish, POP congener pattern was influenced by the presence of salmon, location (i.e., Great Lakes Basin), and species identity (i.e., brook trout [Salvelinus fontinalis] or mottled sculpin [Cottus bairdii]). Similarity in congener patterns indicated that salmon are a source of POPs to brook trout in stream reaches receiving salmon spawners from Lake Michigan and Lake Huron but not from Lake Superior. Congener patterns of mottled sculpin differed from those of brook trout and salmon, suggesting that brook trout and mottled sculpin either use salmon tissue to differing degrees, acquire POPs from different dietary sources, or bioaccumulate or metabolize POPs differently. Overall, our analyses identified the important role of salmon in contaminant biotransport but also demonstrated that the extent of salmon-mediated POP transfer and uptake in Great Lakes tributaries is location- and species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Gerig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dominic T Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David J Janetski
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania , Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705, United States
| | - Richard R Rediske
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University , Muskegon, Michigan 49441, United States
| | - James P O'Keefe
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University , Muskegon, Michigan 49441, United States
| | - Ashley H Moerke
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University , Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 49783, United States
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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29
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Evans NT, Olds BP, Renshaw MA, Turner CR, Li Y, Jerde CL, Mahon AR, Pfrender ME, Lamberti GA, Lodge DM. Quantification of mesocosm fish and amphibian species diversity via environmental DNA metabarcoding. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:29-41. [PMID: 26032773 PMCID: PMC4744776 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater fauna are particularly sensitive to environmental change and disturbance. Management agencies frequently use fish and amphibian biodiversity as indicators of ecosystem health and a way to prioritize and assess management strategies. Traditional aquatic bioassessment that relies on capture of organisms via nets, traps and electrofishing gear typically has low detection probabilities for rare species and can injure individuals of protected species. Our objective was to determine whether environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling and metabarcoding analysis can be used to accurately measure species diversity in aquatic assemblages with differing structures. We manipulated the density and relative abundance of eight fish and one amphibian species in replicated 206-L mesocosms. Environmental DNA was filtered from water samples, and six mitochondrial gene fragments were Illumina-sequenced to measure species diversity in each mesocosm. Metabarcoding detected all nine species in all treatment replicates. Additionally, we found a modest, but positive relationship between species abundance and sequencing read abundance. Our results illustrate the potential for eDNA sampling and metabarcoding approaches to improve quantification of aquatic species diversity in natural environments and point the way towards using eDNA metabarcoding as an index of macrofaunal species abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Brett P Olds
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Mark A Renshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Cameron R Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yiyuan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Christopher L Jerde
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Andrew R Mahon
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, 190 Brooks Hall, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Michael E Pfrender
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David M Lodge
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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Shirey PD, Kunycky BN, Chaloner DT, Brueseke MA, Lamberti GA. Commercial trade of federally listed threatened and endangered plants in the United States. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Shirey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Galvin Life Sciences Building; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame; IN; 46556-0369; USA
| | - Brianna N. Kunycky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Galvin Life Sciences Building; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame; IN; 46556-0369; USA
| | - Dominic T. Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Galvin Life Sciences Building; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame; IN; 46556-0369; USA
| | - Michael A. Brueseke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Galvin Life Sciences Building; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame; IN; 46556-0369; USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Galvin Life Sciences Building; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame; IN; 46556-0369; USA
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Janetski DJ, Chaloner DT, Moerke AH, Rediske RR, O'Keefe JP, Lamberti GA. Resident fishes display elevated organic pollutants in salmon spawning streams of the great lakes. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:8035-8043. [PMID: 22770612 DOI: 10.1021/es301864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) can transport bioaccumulated organic pollutants to stream ecosystems where they spawn and die. We quantified PCBs, DDE, and PBDEs in resident fishes from 13 Great Lakes tributaries to assess biotransport of pollutants associated with introduced Pacific salmon. Resident fishes sampled from salmon spawning reaches had higher mean pollutant concentrations than those from upstream reaches lacking salmon (93.5 and 4.1 μg x kg(-1) [PCB], 24.0 and 3.1 μg x kg(-1) [DDE], 8.5 and 1.0 μg x kg(-1) [PBDE], respectively), but differences varied substantially among lake basins. In Lake Michigan tributaries, PCB concentrations in resident fishes from salmon reaches were over four times higher than those from salmon reaches in Lake Huron and over 30 times higher than those from Lake Superior. Moreover, resident fish pollutant concentrations were better explained by pollutant inputs from salmon (μg x m(-2); R(2) = 0.76 [PCB], 0.64 [DDE], 0.64 [PBDE]) than by land development/agriculture, watershed area, resident fish species, body length, or lipid content. These results suggest that pollutant dispersal to stream ecosystems via biotransport is an often overlooked consequence of salmon stocking and historical food web contamination in the Great Lakes. Our findings have implications for Great Lakes management, including dam removal and wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Janetski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Collins SF, Moerke AH, Chaloner DT, Janetski DJ, Lamberti GA. Response of dissolved nutrients and periphyton to spawning Pacific salmon in three northern Michigan streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1899/10-164.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott F. Collins
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste Marie, Michigan 49783 USA
| | - Ashley H. Moerke
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste Marie, Michigan 49783 USA
| | - Dominic T. Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - David J. Janetski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
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J Kulacki K, T Chaloner D, H Larson J, M Costello D, A Evans-White M, M Docherty K, J Bernot R, A Brueseke M, F Kulpa Jr. C, A Lamberti G. Proactive Aquatic Ecotoxicological Assessment of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. CURR ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.2174/138527211795703685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Costello DM, Tiegs SD, Lamberti GA. Do non-native earthworms in Southeast Alaska use streams as invasional corridors in watersheds harvested for timber? Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Dominic T. Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Anne E. Hershey
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402 USA
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Evans-White MA, Lamberti GA. Direct and indirect effects of a potential aquatic contaminant on grazer-algae interactions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2009; 28:418-426. [PMID: 18811225 DOI: 10.1897/07-586.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants have direct, harmful effects across multiple ecological scales, including the individual, the community, and the ecosystem levels. Less, however, is known about how indirect effects of contaminants on consumer physiology or behavior might alter community interactions or ecosystem processes. We examined whether a potential aquatic contaminant, an ionic liquid, can indirectly alter benthic algal biomass and primary production through direct effects on herbivorous snails. Ionic liquids are nonvolatile organic salts being considered as an environmentally friendly potential replacement for volatile organic compounds in industry. In two greenhouse experiments, we factorially crossed four concentrations of 1-N-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (bmimBr; experiment 1: 0 or 10 mg/L; experiment 2: 0, 1, or 100 mg/L) with the presence or absence of the snail Physa acuta in aquatic mesocosms. Experimental results were weighted by their respective control (no bmimBr or P. acuta) and combined for statistical analysis. When both bmimBr and snails were present, chlorophyll a abundance and algal biovolume were higher than would be expected if both factors acted additively. In addition, snail growth rates, relative to those of controls, declined by 41 to 101% at 10 and 100 mg/L of bmimBr. Taken together, these two results suggest that snails were less efficient grazers in the presence of bmimBr, resulting in release of algae from the grazer control. Snails stimulated periphyton primary production in the absence, but not in the presence, of bmimBr, suggesting that bmimBr also can indirectly alter ecosystem function. These findings suggest that sublethal contaminant levels can negatively impact communities and ecosystem processes via complex interactions, and they provide baseline information regarding the potential effects of an emergent industrial chemical on aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Evans-White
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369, USA.
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Janetski DJ, Chaloner DT, Tiegs SD, Lamberti GA. Pacific salmon effects on stream ecosystems: a quantitative synthesis. Oecologia 2009; 159:583-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Johnston CA, Shmagin BA, Frost PC, Cherrier C, Larson JH, Lamberti GA, Bridgham SD. Wetland types and wetland maps differ in ability to predict dissolved organic carbon concentrations in streams. Sci Total Environ 2008; 404:326-334. [PMID: 18054999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Three categories of digital wetland maps widely available in the United States were used to develop models relating wetlands to DOC: (1) wetlands mapped by the U.S. National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) (2) wetland vegetation cover mapped by the U.S. National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD), and (3) maps of hydric soils. Data extracted from these maps for 27 headwater catchments of the Ontonagon River in northern Michigan, USA were used with DOC concentrations measured in catchment streams to develop stepwise multiple regressions based on wetland area and type. The catchments of the 27 tributaries ranged in area from 2 to 66 km(2) and wetlands constituted 10 to 53% of their area. Although all three databases provided regressions that were highly significant (p<0.001), the variance explained was greater for NWI maps (R(2)=0.75) than for NLCD (R(2)=0.61) or soil maps (R(2)=0.60). Wetland-stream relationships were strongest during September 2002, but were significant for nine out of ten dates sampled during subsequent seasons. The individual wetland type most highly correlated (r>0.62) with stream DOC concentrations was conifer peatland, represented on the NWI maps as Palustrine Needle-leaved Forest, the NLCD maps as woody wetland, and the soil maps as organic soils. For the NWI dataset, DOC was negatively correlated with area of palustrine emergent wetlands (i.e., sedge meadows and graminoid fens) and bog shrubs, inferring that these wetland types may be sinks for DOC. Because of the different effects of wetland vegetation types on DOC, a GIS data source such as the NWI which depicts those wetland types is superior for predicting landscape contributions to stream DOC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Johnston
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Cordova JM, Rosi-Marshall EJ, Tank JL, Lamberti GA. Coarse particulate organic matter transport in low-gradient streams of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1899/06-119.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Larson JH, Frost PC, Lamberti GA. Variable toxicity of ionic liquid-forming chemicals to Lemna minor and the influence of dissolved organic matter. Environ Toxicol Chem 2008; 27:676-681. [PMID: 17967067 DOI: 10.1897/06-540.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are nonvolatile organic salts that remain liquid over a wide range of temperatures. Ionic liquids are promoted as environmentally friendly alternatives to the volatile organic solvents that are currently in widespread industrial usage. Although ILs are unlikely to contribute to air pollution, their potential effects on aquatic ecosystems are largely unknown. Furthermore, information is lacking on how ILs will interact with common features of aquatic environments, such as dissolved organic matter (DOM). We assessed the effect of five IL-forming chemicals on the growth of duckweed, Lemna minor, a common aquatic vascular plant. In general, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chemicals with longer alkyl chains were more toxic to L. minor than those with short alkyl chain lengths. The concentration that produced a 50% reduction (the EC50) in root growth was 8.56 ppm when a butyl chain was present but was 0.25 ppm (i.e., much more toxic) when an octyl chain was substituted. Butyl-substituted 3-methylpyridinium (root growth EC50 of 7.49 ppm) and 3-methylimidazolium cations had similar toxicity, whereas a tetrabutyl ammonium cation was considerably less toxic (root growth EC50 of 32.71 ppm). When we tested whether DOM reduced the toxicity of these cations, we saw no effect of a low-molecular-weight organic acid or commercial humic matter. In contrast, natural DOM reduced the toxicity of imidazolium, but only at low concentrations. Design and use of ILs and other new chemicals should incorporate not only standard toxicity tests but also information on how such chemicals will interact with other components of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Tiegs SD, Chaloner DT, Levi P, Rüegg J, Tank JL, Lamberti GA. Timber harvest transforms ecological roles of salmon in southeast Alaska rain forest streams. Ecol Appl 2008; 18:4-11. [PMID: 18372551 DOI: 10.1890/07-0655.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although species commonly modify habitats and thereby influence ecosystem structure and function, the factors governing the ecological importance of these modifications are not well understood. Pacific salmon have repeatedly been shown to positively influence the abundance of benthic biota by annually transferring large quantities of nutrients from marine systems to the nutrient-poor freshwaters in which they spawn. Conversely, other studies have demonstrated that salmon can negatively influence the abundance of freshwater biota, an effect attributed to bioturbation during upstream migration and nest construction. The factors determining which of these contrasting ecological effects predominates are unknown, including how human activities, such as land use, influence ecological responses to salmon. We sampled a key basal food resource, sediment biofilm, in seven southeast Alaskan streams impacted to varying degrees by timber harvest. Biofilm abundance (measured as chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass) was positively related to timber-harvest intensity prior to salmon arrival. However, during the salmon run, an inverse relationship emerged of more abundant biofilm in less-harvested watersheds. Among-stream variability in biofilm response to salmon was largely explained by sediment particle size, which was larger in less-harvested watersheds. Collectively, these results suggest that, by altering stream sediment size, timber harvest transformed the dominant effect of salmon from nutrient enrichment to physical disturbance, thus modifying nutrient linkages between marine and freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Tiegs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369, USA.
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Larson JH, Frost PC, Lodge DM, Lamberti GA. Photodegradation of dissolved organic matter in forested streams of the northern Great Lakes region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1899/06-097.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James H. Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - Paul C. Frost
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - David M. Lodge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
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Entrekin SA, Rosi-Marshall EJ, Tank JL, Hoellein TJ, Lamberti GA. Macroinvertebrate secondary production in 3 forested streams of the upper Midwest, USA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1899/06-071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Entrekin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - Emma J. Rosi-Marshall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - Timothy J. Hoellein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - Gary A. Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
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Bauer CR, Bobeldyk AM, Lamberti GA. Predicting habitat use and trophic interactions of Eurasian ruffe, round gobies, and zebra mussels in nearshore areas of the Great Lakes. Biol Invasions 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-006-9067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Stoichiometric constraints within ecological interactions and their ecosystem consequences may depend on characteristics of the abiotic environment such as background nutrient levels. We assessed whether consumer identity, via differing body stoichiometry, could regulate periphyton stoichiometry across nutrient regimes in open systems. In 60 flow-through artificial streams, we factorially crossed dissolved inorganic nitrogen levels (elevated = 294 micog L(-1), ambient = 26 microg L(-1)) with dissolved inorganic phosphorus levels (DIP: elevated = 15 microg L(-1), ambient = 3 microg L(-1)) and consumer type [crayfish (body N : P = 18), snails (body N : P = 28) or a control]. At ambient DIP, periphyton in the crayfish treatment had a lower %P and a lower C : P than periphyton in the snail treatment suggesting that consumer identity, probably mediated by differing P-excretion, regulated periphyton P content. At high DIP, consumer identity no longer affected periphyton elemental composition. Therefore, the stoichiometry of consumer-driven nutrient recycling and consumer identity may be less important to ecosystem functioning in environments with elevated nutrient levels.
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Abstract
Monitoring of stream restoration projects is often limited and success often focuses on a single taxon (e.g., salmonids), even though other aspects of stream structure and function may also respond to restoration activities. The Ottawa National Forest (ONF), Michigan, conducted a site-specific trout habitat improvement to enhance the trout fishery in Cook's Run, a 3rd-order stream that the ONF determined was negatively affected by past logging. Our objectives were to determine if the habitat improvement increased trout abundances and enhanced other ecological variables (overall habitat quality, organic matter retention, seston concentration, periphyton abundance, sediment organic matter content, and macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity) following rehabilitation. The addition of skybooms (underbank cover structures) and k-dams (pool-creating structures) increased the relative abundance of harvestable trout (>25 cm in total length) as intended but not overall trout abundances. Both rehabilitation techniques also increased maximum channel depth and organic matter retention, but only k-dams increased overall habitat quality. Neither approach significantly affected other ecological variables. The modest ecological response to this habitat improvement likely occurred because the system was not severely degraded beforehand, and thus small, local changes in habitat did not measurably affect most physical and ecological variables measured. However, increases in habitat volume and in organic matter retention may enhance stream biota in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Rosi-Marshall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369, USA.
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Abstract
We examined UV-B radiation flux and its environmental control within and among streams of northern Michigan. UV-B flux was estimated in streams by plastic dosimetry strips, which allow for the simultaneous and repeated in situ measurement of solar radiation. During the summer of 2004, UV-B flux was measured across depth gradients and along longitudinal transects in seven streams, which were chosen to encompass a range of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and canopy cover. Attenuation coefficients of UV-B (K(d) (UV-B)) were estimated using plastic dosimeters placed along a depth gradient. K(d UV-B) were positively correlated with DOC concentration and similar to values obtained with laboratory and in situ spectrometry. Along 100 m longitudinal transects, UV-B flux varied along all streams regardless of their canopy cover and DOC concentration. Within-stream fluxes of UV-B were correlated to canopy cover in the only two streams that both had relatively low DOC concentration and variable canopy cover. Large differences were found among streams in the average UV-B flux (corrected for incident solar flux) reaching the dosimeters at 5 cm depth. These among-stream differences were largely accounted for by the stream width, canopy cover, and DOC concentration. Our results illustrate an inherent variability in UV-B flux within and among streams of northern Michigan that is strongly tied to the interactions of DOC concentration, stream size and riparian vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Frost
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Bernot RJ, Kennedy EE, Lamberti GA. Effects of ionic liquids on the survival, movement, and feeding behavior of the freshwater snail, Physa acuta. Environ Toxicol Chem 2005; 24:1759-65. [PMID: 16050594 DOI: 10.1897/04-614r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are being promoted as environmentally friendly alternatives to volatile organic solvents currently used by industry. Because ILs are novel and not yet in widespread use, their potential impact on aquatic organisms is unclear. We studied the effects of several ILs on the survivorship and behavior (movement and feeding rates) of the freshwater pulmonate snail, Physa acuta. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of ILs with imidazolium- and pyridinium-based cations and Br- and PF6- as anions ranged from 1 to 325 mg/L. Toxicity was greatest for ILs with eight-carbon alkyl chains attached to both imidazolium and pyridinium rings and declined with shorter alkyl chains, indicating a positive relationship between alkyl chain length and toxicity. Compared to controls, snails moved more slowly when exposed to butyl- and hexyl-cation ILs at 1 to 3% of LC50 concentrations but were not affected at higher IL concentrations (4-10% of LC50), which is characteristic of U-shaped dose-response curves. Snail movement was not affected by ILs with octyl alkyl groups. Grazing patterns, however, indicated that snails grazed less at higher IL concentrations. Physa acuta egestion rates were reduced in the presence of ILs at 3 to 10% of LC50 concentrations. Thus, nonlethal IL concentrations affected P. acuta behaviors, potentially impacting individual fitness and food web interactions. These results provide initial information needed to assess the potential hazards of ILs should they reach freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Bernot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369, USA.
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