1
|
Dhaka VS, Kundu N, Rani G, Zumpano E, Vocaturo E. Role of Internet of Things and Deep Learning Techniques in Plant Disease Detection and Classification: A Focused Review. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7877. [PMID: 37765934 PMCID: PMC10537018 DOI: 10.3390/s23187877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The automatic detection, visualization, and classification of plant diseases through image datasets are key challenges for precision and smart farming. The technological solutions proposed so far highlight the supremacy of the Internet of Things in data collection, storage, and communication, and deep learning models in automatic feature extraction and feature selection. Therefore, the integration of these technologies is emerging as a key tool for the monitoring, data capturing, prediction, detection, visualization, and classification of plant diseases from crop images. This manuscript presents a rigorous review of the Internet of Things and deep learning models employed for plant disease monitoring and classification. The review encompasses the unique strengths and limitations of different architectures. It highlights the research gaps identified from the related works proposed in the literature. It also presents a comparison of the performance of different deep learning models on publicly available datasets. The comparison gives insights into the selection of the optimum deep learning models according to the size of the dataset, expected response time, and resources available for computation and storage. This review is important in terms of developing optimized and hybrid models for plant disease classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Nidhi Kundu
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture, Jobner 303328, India;
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Ester Zumpano
- Department of Informatics, Modeling Electronics and Systems (DIMES), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.Z.); (E.V.)
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 33C, Arcavacata, 87036 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Vocaturo
- Department of Informatics, Modeling Electronics and Systems (DIMES), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.Z.); (E.V.)
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 33C, Arcavacata, 87036 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hemrajani P, Dhaka VS, Rani G, Shukla P, Bavirisetti DP. Efficient Deep Learning Based Hybrid Model to Detect Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:4692. [PMID: 37430605 DOI: 10.3390/s23104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients and a lack of awareness about obstructive sleep apnea is a point of concern for the healthcare industry. Polysomnography is recommended by health experts to detect obstructive sleep apnea. The patient is paired up with devices that track patterns and activities during their sleep. Polysomnography, being a complex and expensive process, cannot be adopted by the majority of patients. Therefore, an alternative is required. The researchers devised various machine learning algorithms using single lead signals such as electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation, etc., for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea. These methods have low accuracy, less reliability, and high computation time. Thus, the authors introduced two different paradigms for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea. The first is MobileNet V1, and the other is the convergence of MobileNet V1 with two separate recurrent neural networks, Long-Short Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit. They evaluate the efficacy of their proposed method using authentic medical cases from the PhysioNet Apnea-Electrocardiogram database. The model MobileNet V1 achieves an accuracy of 89.5%, a convergence of MobileNet V1 with LSTM achieves an accuracy of 90%, and a convergence of MobileNet V1 with GRU achieves an accuracy of 90.29%. The obtained results prove the supremacy of the proposed approach in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods. To showcase the implementation of devised methods in a real-life scenario, the authors design a wearable device that monitors ECG signals and classifies them into apnea and normal. The device employs a security mechanism to transmit the ECG signals securely over the cloud with the consent of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Hemrajani
- Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Geeta Rani
- Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Durga Prasad Bavirisetti
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gayathri S, Rani G. AN FM/M/c INTERDEPENDENT STOCHASTIC FEEDBACK ARRIVAL MODEL OF TRANSIENT SOLUTION AND BUSY PERIOD ANALYSIS WITH INTERDEPENDENT CATASTROPHIC EFFECT. ADAS 2023. [DOI: 10.17654/0972361723014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
|
4
|
Rani G, Misra A, Dhaka VS, Buddhi D, Sharma RK, Zumpano E, Vocaturo E. A Multi-Modal Bone Suppression, Lung Segmentation, and Classification Approach for Accurate COVID-19 Detection using Chest Radiographs. Intelligent Systems with Applications 2022. [PMCID: PMC9639387 DOI: 10.1016/j.iswa.2022.200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Himthani V, Dhaka VS, Kaur M, Rani G, Oza M, Lee HN. Comparative performance assessment of deep learning based image steganography techniques. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16895. [PMID: 36207314 PMCID: PMC9546933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing data infringement while transmission and storage have become an apprehension for the data owners. Even the digital images transmitted over the network or stored at servers are prone to unauthorized access. However, several image steganography techniques were proposed in the literature for hiding a secret image by embedding it into cover media. But the low embedding capacity and poor reconstruction quality of images are significant limitations of these techniques. To overcome these limitations, deep learning-based image steganography techniques are proposed in the literature. Convolutional neural network (CNN) based U-Net encoder has gained significant research attention in the literature. However, its performance efficacy as compared to other CNN based encoders like V-Net and U-Net++ is not implemented for image steganography. In this paper, V-Net and U-Net++ encoders are implemented for image steganography. A comparative performance assessment of U-Net, V-Net, and U-Net++ architectures are carried out. These architectures are employed to hide the secret image into the cover image. Further, a unique, robust, and standard decoder for all architectures is designed to extract the secret image from the cover image. Based on the experimental results, it is identified that U-Net architecture outperforms the other two architectures as it reports high embedding capacity and provides better quality stego and reconstructed secret images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Himthani
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007, India
| | - Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007, India
| | - Manjit Kaur
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007, India
| | - Meet Oza
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007, India
| | - Heung-No Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rani G, Thakkar P, Verma A, Mehta V, Chavan R, Dhaka VS, Sharma RK, Vocaturo E, Zumpano E. KUB-UNet: Segmentation of Organs of Urinary System from a KUB X-ray Image. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 224:107031. [PMID: 35878485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The alarming increase in diseases of urinary system is a cause of concern for the populace and health experts. The traditional techniques used for the diagnosis of these diseases are inconvenient for patients, require high cost, and additional waiting time for generating the reports. The objective of this research is to utilize the proven potential of Artificial Intelligence for organ segmentation. Correct identification and segmentation of the region of interest in a medical image are important to enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Also, it improves the reliability of the system by ensuring the extraction of features only from the region of interest. METHOD A lot of research works are proposed in the literature for the segmentation of organs using MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound images. But, the segmentation of kidneys, ureters, and bladder from KUB X-ray images is found under explored. Also, there is a lack of validated datasets comprising KUB X-ray images. These challenges motivated the authors to tie up with the team of radiologists and gather the anonymous and validated dataset that can be used to automate the diagnosis of diseases of the urinary system. Further, they proposed a KUB-UNet model for semantic segmentation of the urinary system. RESULTS The proposed KUB-UNet model reported the highest accuracy of 99.18% for segmentation of organs of urinary system. CONCLUSION The comparative analysis of its performance with state-of-the-art models and validation of results by radiology experts prove its reliability, robustness, and supremacy. This segmentation phase may prove useful in extracting the features only from the region of interest and improve the accuracy diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rani
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India, 303007.
| | - Priyam Thakkar
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India, 303007.
| | - Akshat Verma
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India, 303007.
| | - Vanshika Mehta
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India, 303007.
| | - Rugved Chavan
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India, 303007.
| | - Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India, 303007.
| | | | - Eugenio Vocaturo
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems (DIMES), University of Calabria, Italy; CNR NANOTEC, National Research Council, Rende, Italy.
| | - Ester Zumpano
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems (DIMES), University of Calabria, Italy; CNR NANOTEC, National Research Council, Rende, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rani G, Misra A, Dhaka VS, Zumpano E, Vocaturo E. Spatial feature and resolution maximization GAN for bone suppression in chest radiographs. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 224:107024. [PMID: 35863123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chest radiographs (CXR) are in great demand for visualizing the pathology of the lungs. However, the appearance of bones in the lung region hinders the localization of any lesion or nodule present in the CXR. Thus, bone suppression becomes an important task for the effective screening of lung diseases. Simultaneously, it is equally important to preserve spatial information and image quality because they provide crucial insights on the size and area of infection, color accuracy, structural quality, etc. Many researchers considered bone suppression as an image denoising problem and proposed conditional Generative Adversarial Network-based (cGAN) models for generating bone suppressed images from CXRs. These works do not focus on the retention of spatial features and image quality. The authors of this manuscript developed the Spatial Feature and Resolution Maximization (SFRM) GAN to efficiently minimize the visibility of bones in CXRs while ensuring maximum retention of critical information. METHOD This task is achieved by modifying the architectures of the discriminator and generator of the pix2pix model. The discriminator is combined with the Wasserstein GAN with Gradient Penalty to increase its performance and training stability. For the generator, a combination of different task-specific loss functions, viz., L1, Perceptual, and Sobel loss are employed to capture the intrinsic information in the image. RESULT The proposed model reported as measures of performance a mean PSNR of 43.588, mean NMSE of 0.00025, mean SSIM of 0.989, and mean Entropy of 0.454 bits/pixel on a test size of 100 images. Further, the combination of δ=104, α=1, β=10, and γ=10 are the hyperparameters that provided the best trade-off between image denoising and quality retention. CONCLUSION The degree of bone suppression and spatial information preservation can be improved by adding the Sobel and Perceptual loss respectively. SFRM-GAN not only suppresses bones but also retains the image quality and intrinsic information. Based on the results of student's t-test it is concluded that SFRM-GAN yields statistically significant results at a 0.95 level of confidence and shows its supremacy over the state-of-the-art models. Thus, it may be used for denoising and preprocessing of images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rani
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, India.
| | - Ankit Misra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, India; Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, USA.
| | - Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, India.
| | - Ester Zumpano
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Vocaturo
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rani G, Oza MG, Dhaka VS, Pradhan N, Verma S, Rodrigues JJPC. Applying deep learning-based multi-modal for detection of coronavirus. Multimed Syst 2022; 28:1251-1262. [PMID: 34305327 PMCID: PMC8294320 DOI: 10.1007/s00530-021-00824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Amidst the global pandemic and catastrophe created by 'COVID-19', every research institution and scientist are doing their best efforts to invent or find the vaccine or medicine for the disease. The objective of this research is to design and develop a deep learning-based multi-modal for the screening of COVID-19 using chest radiographs and genomic sequences. The modal is also effective in finding the degree of genomic similarity among the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 and other prevalent viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Human T-cell Leukaemia Virus. The experimental results on the datasets available at National Centre for Biotechnology Information, GitHub, and Kaggle repositories show that it is successful in detecting the genome of 'SARS-CoV-2' in the host genome with an accuracy of 99.27% and screening of chest radiographs into COVID-19, non-COVID pneumonia and healthy with a sensitivity of 95.47%. Thus, it may prove a useful tool for doctors to quickly classify the infected and non-infected genomes. It can also be useful in finding the most effective drug from the available drugs for the treatment of 'COVID-19'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rani
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Meet Ganpatlal Oza
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Nitesh Pradhan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Sahil Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413 India
| | - Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
- Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) Teresina, Teresina, PI Brazil
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kundu N, Rani G, Dhaka VS, Gupta K, Nayak SC, Verma S, Ijaz MF, Woźniak M. IoT and Interpretable Machine Learning Based Framework for Disease Prediction in Pearl Millet. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:5386. [PMID: 34450827 PMCID: PMC8397940 DOI: 10.3390/s21165386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Decrease in crop yield and degradation in product quality due to plant diseases such as rust and blast in pearl millet is the cause of concern for farmers and the agriculture industry. The stipulation of expert advice for disease identification is also a challenge for the farmers. The traditional techniques adopted for plant disease detection require more human intervention, are unhandy for farmers, and have a high cost of deployment, operation, and maintenance. Therefore, there is a requirement for automating plant disease detection and classification. Deep learning and IoT-based solutions are proposed in the literature for plant disease detection and classification. However, there is a huge scope to develop low-cost systems by integrating these techniques for data collection, feature visualization, and disease detection. This research aims to develop the 'Automatic and Intelligent Data Collector and Classifier' framework by integrating IoT and deep learning. The framework automatically collects the imagery and parametric data from the pearl millet farmland at ICAR, Mysore, India. It automatically sends the collected data to the cloud server and the Raspberry Pi. The 'Custom-Net' model designed as a part of this research is deployed on the cloud server. It collaborates with the Raspberry Pi to precisely predict the blast and rust diseases in pearl millet. Moreover, the Grad-CAM is employed to visualize the features extracted by the 'Custom-Net'. Furthermore, the impact of transfer learning on the 'Custom-Net' and state-of-the-art models viz. Inception ResNet-V2, Inception-V3, ResNet-50, VGG-16, and VGG-19 is shown in this manuscript. Based on the experimental results, and features visualization by Grad-CAM, it is observed that the 'Custom-Net' extracts the relevant features and the transfer learning improves the extraction of relevant features. Additionally, the 'Custom-Net' model reports a classification accuracy of 98.78% that is equivalent to state-of-the-art models viz. Inception ResNet-V2, Inception-V3, ResNet-50, VGG-16, and VGG-19. Although the classification of 'Custom-Net' is comparable to state-of-the-art models, it is effective in reducing the training time by 86.67%. It makes the model more suitable for automating disease detection. This proves that the proposed model is effective in providing a low-cost and handy tool for farmers to improve crop yield and product quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kundu
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India; (N.K.); (V.S.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India; (N.K.); (V.S.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India; (N.K.); (V.S.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Kalpit Gupta
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India; (N.K.); (V.S.D.); (K.G.)
| | | | - Sahil Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India;
| | - Muhammad Fazal Ijaz
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Marcin Woźniak
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shyam R, Manjunath BC, Kumar A, Narang R, Rani G, Singh S. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and treatment needs among 11-14 years old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana, India. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:110-114. [PMID: 34269247 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_835_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental fluorosis is a major endemic oral disease characterized by hypo mineralization of enamel caused due to consumption of water containing high concentration of fluoride during developmental stages of teeth. Aim To assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis among 11-14 years old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana and to find their treatment needs. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2200 school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India) for a period of six months. Dental fluorosis was recorded by the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TF index) given by Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O. Statistical Analysis Data entry and analysis were performed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. Chi square test was used to find association between TFI scores and gender, age categories. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results Prevalence of dental fluorosis (TFI) reached 96.6% with most children falling in TFI score 2, 3, 4 and 5 categories. Mean TFI score of study population was found to be 3.19 ± 1.551. There was significant difference found between gender and prevalence of dental fluorosis (P = 0.00). Conclusion Our findings showed the increased prevalence of dental fluorosis in endemic fluoride areas with mild to moderate level of dental fluorosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhey Shyam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - B C Manjunath
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ridhi Narang
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Saumya Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dhaka VS, Rani G, Oza MG, Sharma T, Misra A. A deep learning model for mass screening of COVID-19. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 2021; 31:483-498. [PMID: 33821094 PMCID: PMC8014455 DOI: 10.1002/ima.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop a convolutional neural network model 'COVID-Screen-Net' for multi-class classification of chest X-ray images into three classes viz. COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and normal. The model performs the automatic feature extraction from X-ray images and accurately identifies the features responsible for distinguishing the X-ray images of different classes. It plots these features on the GradCam. The authors optimized the number of convolution and activation layers according to the size of the dataset. They also fine-tuned the hyperparameters to minimize the computation time and to enhance the efficiency of the model. The performance of the model has been evaluated on the anonymous chest X-ray images collected from hospitals and the dataset available on the web. The model attains an average accuracy of 97.71% and a maximum recall of 100%. The comparative analysis shows that the 'COVID-Screen-Net' outperforms the existing systems for screening of COVID-19. The effectiveness of the model is validated by the radiology experts on the real-time dataset. Therefore, it may prove a useful tool for quick and low-cost mass screening of patients of COVID-19. This tool may reduce the burden on health experts in the present situation of the Global Pandemic. The copyright of this tool is registered in the names of authors under the laws of Intellectual Property Rights in India with the registration number 'SW-13625/2020'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaypal Singh Dhaka
- Department of Computer and Communication EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipurIndia
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Computer and Communication EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipurIndia
| | - Meet Ganpatlal Oza
- Department of Computer and Communication EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipurIndia
| | - Tarushi Sharma
- Department of Computer and Communication EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipurIndia
| | - Ankit Misra
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringManipal University JaipurJaipurIndia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shyam R, Bhadravathi Chaluvaiah M, Kumar A, Pahwa M, Rani G, Phogat R. Impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health related quality of life among 11- to 14-year-old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India). Int Dent J 2020; 70:340-346. [PMID: 32358889 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 11- to 14-year-old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,200 school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana. Using cluster random sampling, three districts out of 14 endemic fluoride districts were selected, and children 11-14 years of age were examined. A child perception questionnaire (CPQ11-14 ) (Hindi version) evaluated the impact of dental fluorosis on OHRQoL. The Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TFI) was used for assessing dental fluorosis. The data were analysed using SPSS version 18, and non-parametric tests were used to assess the significance. The regression analysis was used to determine the effect of change in CPQ scores with dental fluorosis at P < 0.05. RESULTS The study participants included 45.3% males and 54.7% females among which mild to moderate level of dental fluorosis was identified with mean mean TFI Scores being 3.19 ± 1.55. Children without dental fluorosis had 1.17 times more odd of percieving their oral health as excellent/good when compared to children with dental fluorosis (P < 0.05). Study subjects with dental fluorosis did not have higher mean CPQ11-14 domain and total scores when compared with subjects without dental fluorosis. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that mild dental fluorosis did not affect the OHRQoL of the children in the endemic fluoride areas of Haryana in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhey Shyam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Manjunath Bhadravathi Chaluvaiah
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - ManjuBala Pahwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Phogat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt. B.D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of ChemistryM.M.H.College Ghaziabad 201001 India
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of ChemistryM.M.H.College Ghaziabad 201001 India
| | - Maiyong Zhu
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shah P, Sindhu P, Rani G, Shah F, Shah P. Concurrent Chronic Ectopic Pregnancy and Appendicitis: A Rare Coincidence or Consequence of a Common Etiology. J Gynecol Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2015.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pragnesh Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jyoti Hospital & Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Preeti Sindhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jyoti Hospital & Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Geeta Rani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jyoti Hospital & Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Parul Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jyoti Hospital & Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rani G, Sahare P. Structural and photoluminescent properties of Al2O3: Cr3+ nanoparticles via solution combustion synthesis method. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Patnam A, Vinu R, Vijayalakshmi J, Venkatachalam P, Rani G. Association of ESR and FOXP3 gene polymorphisms with outcome of ovarian stimulation in infertile females undergoing IVF. Mol Cytogenet 2014. [PMCID: PMC4045825 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-s1-p61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
17
|
Singh S, Rani G, Singh G, Agarwal H. Comparative Study of Lead(II) Selective Poly(vinyl chloride) Membrane Electrodes Based on Podand Derivatives as Ionophores. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
Singh S, Rani G. Comparative Study of Holmium (III) Selective Sensors Based on Thiacalixarene and Calixarene Derivatives as an Ionophore. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.7.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Singh S, Rani G. A Dynamic Electrode for the Estimation of Praseodymium(III) using 1,5-Bis-(o-aminophenol)-3-thiapentane as an Ionophore. Acta Chim Slov 2012; 59:169-176. [PMID: 24061187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is related with the development of Pr3+ selective membrane sensor using 1,5-Bis-(o-aminophenol)-3-thiapentane as a neutral carrier. The sensor with membrane composition of 33% PVC, 54%, o-NPOE, 8% NaTPB and 5% ionophore, exhibits a Nernstian response for Pr3+ ion, with a wide concentration range of 3.0 × 10-9-1.0 × 10-2 mol/L, low detection limit (1.0 × 10-9 mol/L) and slope of 23.50.3mV decade-1 of activity with in pH range of 2.0-8.8 and fast response time of 7s. The sensor was also found to work satisfactorily in partially non-aqueous media up to 25% (v/v) content of methanol, ethanol or acetone and could be used for a period of 8 months without any change in response characteristics. The proposed membrane electrode was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the titration of Pr3+ ion (1.0 × 10-3 M) with a standard EDTA solution (1.0 × 10-3 M).
Collapse
|
20
|
Rani G, Yadav L, Kalidhar SB. Chemical Examination of Citrus sinensis Flavedo Variety Pineapple. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:677-9. [PMID: 20376223 PMCID: PMC2846475 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.59552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical examination of Citrus sinensis flavedo var. Pineapple resulted in the isolation of six compounds characterized as tetracosane, ethyl pentacosanoate, tetratriacontanoic acid, tangertin, beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside and 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy flavanone 3-O-beta-glucoside. Of these 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy flavanone 3-O-beta-glucoside is a hitherto unreported compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rani
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rani G, Kaur K, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC, Nagpal A. Evaluation of the anti-genotoxicity of leaf extract of Ashwagandha. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:95-8. [PMID: 15582200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have undertaken the studies to investigate the presence of various activities of the leaf extract of Ashwagandha (Lash), a commonly used shrub in Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda. In the present study, we studied the effect of Lash against MNNG-induced genotoxicity in onion root tip cells. We report that Lash offered substantial protection against the mutagenic effects of MNNG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Rani
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaur K, Rani G, Widodo N, Nagpal A, Taira K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Evaluation of the anti-proliferative and anti-oxidative activities of leaf extract from in vivo and in vitro raised Ashwagandha. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:2015-20. [PMID: 15500938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is used in Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda and is believed to have a variety of health promoting effects. Molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying these effects have not been studied. We tried to characterize various activities of leaf extract of Ashwagandha (Lash) raised in the field and in the laboratory. We found that the Lash from field-raised plants has a significant anti-proliferative activity in human tumorigenic cells. However, it did not impart any protection against the oxidative damage caused by high glucose and hydrogen peroxide to human tumor cells suggesting that it can be used as an anti-tumor, but not as an anti-oxidant, substance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kaur
- Cell Proliferation Research Team, Gene Function Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arora S, Dhillon S, Rani G, Nagpal A. The in vitro antibacterial/synergistic activities of Withania somnifera extracts. Fitoterapia 2004; 75:385-8. [PMID: 15159002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The methanol, hexane and diethyl ether extracts from both leaves and roots of Withania somnifera were evaluated for the antibacterial/synergistic activity by agar plate disc-diffusion assay against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Different concentrations of Tibrim, a combination of rifampicin and isoniazid, were tested to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which came out to be 0.1 mg/ml for S. typhimurium and E. coli. From the six extracts tested, only methanol and hexane extracts of both leaves and roots were found to have potent antibacterial activity. A synergistic increase in the antibacterial effect of Tibrim was noticed when MIC of Tibrim was supplemented with these extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Arora
- Department of Botanical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Allaudeen HS, Rani G. Cellular and Epstein-Barr virus specific DNA polymerases in virus-producing Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Nucleic Acids Res 1982; 10:2453-65. [PMID: 6283481 PMCID: PMC320622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/10.7.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have determined the levels of cellular DNA polymerases and Epstein-Barr virus specific DNA polymerase in three Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines producing varying amounts of EBV, one of which was induced by 12-0-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). There was a proportional increase in the level of EBV-DNA polymerase with an increase in the percent of virus-producing cells. However, there was a reciprocal relationship between the levels of EBV-DNA polymerase and DNA polymerase alpha i.e., in cell line containing the highest level of EBV-DNA polymerase, activity of DNA polymerase alpha, but not of DNA polymerase beta, was reduced to an insignificantly low level. TPA does not have any direct effect on activities of either EBV-DNA polymerase or DNA polymerase alpha. EBV-DNA polymerases isolated from cells grown with or without TPA are indistinguishable in their properties such as elution position on phosphocellulose column, molecular weight, mono and divalent cation requirements, pH optimum, and other requirements for optimum activity. Addition of crude extracts of cells grown in presence of TPA to the purified DNA polymerase alpha did not inhibit its activity indicating that the observed loss was not due to any specific inhibitor present in TPA treated cells. Raji, a nonproducer cell line, did not contain EBV-DNA polymerase. There was no induction of EBV-DNA polymerase when Raji cells were grown in presence of TPA. The phenomenon of reduction in the levels of DNA polymerase alpha in cells induced to produce EBV may represent a mechanism by which the host DNA replication is shut off following virus infection.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The chewing of betel leaf with other ingredients is a widespread addiction in India. The chromosome damaging effect was studied in human leukocyte cultures. There was an increase in the frequency of chromatid aberrations when the leaf extract was added to cultures.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rani G, Kumari K. Downs syndrome in one of the twins (case report). Indian Pediatr 1977; 14:489-90. [PMID: 146679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
Babbar OP, Chowdhury BL, Rani G. Pock formation by vaccinia virus deoxyribonucleic acid after passage through Escherichia coli spheroplasts. Acta Virol 1966; 10:15-9. [PMID: 4380765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|