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Filograna A, De Tito S, Monte ML, Oliva R, Bruzzese F, Roca MS, Zannetti A, Greco A, Spano D, Ayala I, Liberti A, Petraccone L, Dathan N, Catara G, Schembri L, Colanzi A, Budillon A, Beccari AR, Del Vecchio P, Luini A, Corda D, Valente C. Identification and characterization of a new potent inhibitor targeting CtBP1/BARS in melanoma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:137. [PMID: 38711119 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C-terminal-binding protein 1/brefeldin A ADP-ribosylation substrate (CtBP1/BARS) acts both as an oncogenic transcriptional co-repressor and as a fission inducing protein required for membrane trafficking and Golgi complex partitioning during mitosis, hence for mitotic entry. CtBP1/BARS overexpression, in multiple cancers, has pro-tumorigenic functions regulating gene networks associated with "cancer hallmarks" and malignant behavior including: increased cell survival, proliferation, migration/invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Structurally, CtBP1/BARS belongs to the hydroxyacid-dehydrogenase family and possesses a NAD(H)-binding Rossmann fold, which, depending on ligands bound, controls the oligomerization of CtBP1/BARS and, in turn, its cellular functions. Here, we proposed to target the CtBP1/BARS Rossmann fold with small molecules as selective inhibitors of mitotic entry and pro-tumoral transcriptional activities. METHODS Structured-based screening of drug databases at different development stages was applied to discover novel ligands targeting the Rossmann fold. Among these identified ligands, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-{[(4-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]amino}benzenesulfonamide, called Comp.11, was selected for further analysis. Fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal calorimetry, computational modelling and site-directed mutagenesis were employed to define the binding of Comp.11 to the Rossmann fold. Effects of Comp.11 on the oligomerization state, protein partners binding and pro-tumoral activities were evaluated by size-exclusion chromatography, pull-down, membrane transport and mitotic entry assays, Flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, motility/invasion, and colony assays in A375MM and B16F10 melanoma cell lines. Effects of Comp.11 on tumor growth in vivo were analyzed in mouse tumor model. RESULTS We identify Comp.11 as a new, potent and selective inhibitor of CtBP1/BARS (but not CtBP2). Comp.11 directly binds to the CtBP1/BARS Rossmann fold affecting the oligomerization state of the protein (unlike other known CtBPs inhibitors), which, in turn, hinders interactions with relevant partners, resulting in the inhibition of both CtBP1/BARS cellular functions: i) membrane fission, with block of mitotic entry and cellular secretion; and ii) transcriptional pro-tumoral effects with significantly hampered proliferation, EMT, migration/invasion, and colony-forming capabilities. The combination of these effects impairs melanoma tumor growth in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies a potent and selective inhibitor of CtBP1/BARS active in cellular and melanoma animal models revealing new opportunities to study the role of CtBP1/BARS in tumor biology and to develop novel melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Filograna
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano De Tito
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. The Study Has Been Previously Performed at IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Lo Monte
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Animal Facility Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, 80145, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Interdepartmental Service Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Liberti
- National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro, 700185, Rome, Italy
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Nina Dathan
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Schembri
- National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro, 700185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pompea Del Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"(IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Present address: Dompé Farmaceutici S.P.A, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Spano D, Catara G. Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2023; 13:29. [PMID: 38201233 PMCID: PMC10778545 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification based on the chemical addition of ubiquitin to proteins with regulatory effects on various signaling pathways. Ubiquitination can alter the molecular functions of tagged substrates with respect to protein turnover, biological activity, subcellular localization or protein-protein interaction. As a result, a wide variety of cellular processes are under ubiquitination-mediated control, contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It follows that the dysregulation of ubiquitination reactions plays a relevant role in the pathogenic states of human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, immune-related pathologies and cancer. In recent decades, the enzymes of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), including E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), have attracted attention as novel druggable targets for the development of new anticancer therapeutic approaches. This perspective article summarizes the peculiarities shared by the enzymes involved in the ubiquitination reaction which, when deregulated, can lead to tumorigenesis. Accordingly, an overview of the main pharmacological interventions based on targeting the UPS that are in clinical use or still in clinical trials is provided, also highlighting the limitations of the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches. Therefore, various attempts to circumvent drug resistance and side effects as well as UPS-related emerging technologies in anticancer therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Spano
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Manco G, Lacerra G, Porzio E, Catara G. ADP-Ribosylation Post-Translational Modification: An Overview with a Focus on RNA Biology and New Pharmacological Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030443. [PMID: 35327636 PMCID: PMC8946771 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions are regulated through the gene expression program by the transcription of new messenger RNAs (mRNAs), alternative RNA splicing, and protein synthesis. To this end, the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins add another layer of complexity, creating a continuously fine-tuned regulatory network. ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is an ancient reversible modification of cellular macromolecules, regulating a multitude of key functional processes as diverse as DNA damage repair (DDR), transcriptional regulation, intracellular transport, immune and stress responses, and cell survival. Additionally, due to the emerging role of ADP-ribosylation in pathological processes, ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), the enzymes involved in ADPr, are attracting growing interest as new drug targets. In this review, an overview of human ARTs and their related biological functions is provided, mainly focusing on the regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase Diphtheria toxin-like enzymes (ARTD)-dependent RNA functions. Finally, in order to unravel novel gene functional relationships, we propose the analysis of an inventory of human gene clusters, including ARTDs, which share conserved sequences at 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Lacerra
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elena Porzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (G.C.)
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Catara G, Colanzi A, Spano D. Corrigendum: Combinatorial Strategies to Target Molecularand Signaling Pathways to Disarm Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:749040. [PMID: 34485166 PMCID: PMC8415775 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Catara G, Spano D. Combinatorial Strategies to Target Molecular and Signaling Pathways to Disarm Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689131. [PMID: 34381714 PMCID: PMC8352560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an urgent public health issue with a very huge number of cases all over the world expected to increase by 2040. Despite improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols, it remains the main leading cause of death in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a tumor subpopulation defined by ability to self-renewal and to generate the heterogeneous and differentiated cell lineages that form the tumor bulk. These cells represent a major concern in cancer treatment due to resistance to conventional protocols of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. In fact, although partial or complete tumor regression can be achieved in patients, these responses are often followed by cancer relapse due to the expansion of CSCs population. The aberrant activation of developmental and oncogenic signaling pathways plays a relevant role in promoting CSCs therapy resistance. Although several targeted approaches relying on monotherapy have been developed to affect these pathways, they have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, an urgent need to design alternative combinatorial strategies to replace conventional regimens exists. This review summarizes the preclinical studies which provide a proof of concept of therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial approaches targeting the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Carusone TM, Cardiero G, Cerreta M, Mandrich L, Moran O, Porzio E, Catara G, Lacerra G, Manco G. WTAP and BIRC3 are involved in the posttranscriptional mechanisms that impact on the expression and activity of the human lactonase PON2. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 32382056 PMCID: PMC7206036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activity of human paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is rapidly reduced in cells incubated with the bacterial quorormone 3-Oxo-dodecanoyl Homoserine Lactone (3OC12HSL), an observation that led to hypothesize a fast PON2 post-translational modification (PTM). Recently, we detected a 3OC12HSL-induced PTM in a cell-free system in which a crude extract from 3OC12HSL-treated HeLa cells was able to inactivate and ubiquitinate at position 144 a recombinant PON2. Here we show the occurrence of this and new PTMs on PON2 in HeLa cells. PTMs were found to gather nearby the two SNPs, A148G, and S311C, that are related to type-2 diabetes and its complications. Furthermore, we detected a PTM nearby a 12 amino acids region that is deleted in PON2 Isoform 2. An in vitro mutation analysis showed that the SNPs and the deletion are involved in PON2 activity and suggested a role of PTMs on its modulation, while a SAXS analysis pointed to Isoform 2 as being largely unstructured, compared to the wild type. Besides, we discovered a control of PON2 expression via a putative mRNA operon involving the Wilms tumor 1 associated protein (WTAP) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3UbL) baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3 (BIRC3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Maria Carusone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cardiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", (IGB-ABT, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Cerreta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mandrich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Oscar Moran
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF, CNR), National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Porzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Lacerra
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", (IGB-ABT, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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Grimaldi G, Catara G, Palazzo L, Corteggio A, Valente C, Corda D. PARPs and PAR as novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of stress granule-associated disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:64-75. [PMID: 31102582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the post-translational modifications, ADP-ribosylation has been for long time the least integrated in the scheme of the structural protein modifications affecting physiological functions. In spite of the original findings on bacterial-dependent ADP-ribosylation catalysed by toxins such as cholera and pertussis toxin, only with the discovery of the poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) family the field has finally expanded and the role of ADP-ribosylation has been recognised in both physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. This is now a rapidly expanding field of investigation, centred on the role of the different PARPs and their substrates in various diseases, and on the potential of PARP inhibitors as novel pharmacological tools to be employed in relevant pathological context. In this review we analyse the role that members of the PARP family and poly-ADP-ribose (PAR; the product of PARP1 and PARP5a activity) play in the processes following the exposure of cells to different stresses. The cell response that arises following conditions such as heat, osmotic, oxidative stresses or viral infection relies on the formation of stress granules, which are transient cytoplasmic membrane-less structures, that include untranslated mRNA, specific proteins and PAR, this last one serving as the "collector" of all components (that bind to it in a non-covalent manner). The resulting phenotypes are cells in which translation, intracellular transport or pro-apoptotic pathways are reversibly inhibited, for the time the given stress holds. Interestingly, the formation of defective stress granules has been detected in diverse pathological conditions including neurological disorders and cancer. Analysing the molecular details of stress granule formation under these conditions offers a novel view on the pathogenesis of these diseases and, as a consequence, the possibility of identifying novel drug targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Catara G, Grimaldi G, Schembri L, Spano D, Turacchio G, Lo Monte M, Beccari AR, Valente C, Corda D. PARP1-produced poly-ADP-ribose causes the PARP12 translocation to stress granules and impairment of Golgi complex functions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14035. [PMID: 29070863 PMCID: PMC5656619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs) 1 and 2 are nuclear enzymes that catalyze the poly-ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins transferring poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers to specific residues. PARPs and PAR intervene in diverse functions, including DNA repair in the nucleus and stress granule assembly in the cytoplasm. Stress granules contribute to the regulation of translation by clustering and stabilizing mRNAs as well as several cytosolic PARPs and signaling proteins to modulate cell metabolism and survival. Our study is focused on one of these PARPs, PARP12, a Golgi-localized mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that under stress challenge reversibly translocates from the Golgi complex to stress granules. PARP1 activation and release of nuclear PAR drive this translocation by direct PAR binding to the PARP12-WWE domain. Thus, PAR formation functionally links the activity of the nuclear and cytosolic PARPs during stress response, determining the release of PARP12 from the Golgi complex and the disassembly of the Golgi membranes, followed by a block in anterograde-membrane traffic. Notably, these functions can be rescued by reverting the stress condition (by drug wash-out). Altogether these data point at a novel, reversible nuclear signaling that senses stress to then act on cytosolic PARP12, which in turn converts the stress response into a reversible block in intracellular-membrane traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.
| | - Laura Schembri
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Matteo Lo Monte
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosario Beccari
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.,Dompé Farmaceutici SpA Research Center, L'Aquila, Via Campo di Pile, 67100, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Italy.
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Grimaldi G, Corda D, Catara G. From toxins to mammalian enzymes: the diversity of mono-ADP-ribosylation. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2015; 20:389-404. [PMID: 25553457 DOI: 10.2741/4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation of proteins is a phylogenetically ancient mechanism that involves the transfer of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to specific amino acids of target proteins post-translationally. In the first part of this review, we briefly describe ADP-ribosylation as the mechanism of action of toxins, while giving particular emphasis to a non-conventional ADP-ribosylation reaction that is mediated by the fungal toxin brefeldin A (BFA). This modification results in the loss of the membrane fission activity of the C-terminal binding protein (CtBP)1/ BFA-ADP-ribosylated substrate (BARS), thus blocking progression of cells into mitosis, with important implications for the design of new anticancer drugs. In addition, we summarize the most recent findings on mammalian, intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase enzymes, underlining the emerging functional roles in which they are involved, including immune responses, transcriptional regulation, stress responses, cell survival. The observation that several mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases, such as PARP-10, PARP-12, PARP-13, are involved in a range of physiological processes points at the multifunctional feature of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Cannio R, Catara G, Fiume I, Balestrieri M, Rossi M, Palmieri G. Identification of a cell-bound extracellular protease overproduced by Sulfolobus solfataricus in peptide-rich media. Protein Pept Lett 2010; 17:78-85. [PMID: 19508193 DOI: 10.2174/092986610789909458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new protease, named SsMTP was identified from the archeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. The enzyme is associated to the cell-membrane and over-produced in response to the peptide-enriched media. SsMTP has a molecular mass of 120 kDa showing optimal activity at pH 2.0 in the temperature range 70 - 90 degrees C, and a half-life of 20 days at 80 degrees C. Primary structure analysis revealed that SsMTP represents a novel type of multi-domain thermopsin-like protease containing the catalytic domain followed by two distinct domains, PKD and Y_Y_Y, which are usually involved in a range of protein-protein interactions among the extracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Cannio
- IBP-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Catara G, Fiume I, Iuliano F, Maria G, Ruggiero G, Palmieri G, Capasso A, Rossi M. A new kumamolisin-like protease fromAlicyclobacillus acidocaldarius: an enzyme active under extreme acidic conditions. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420600792094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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De Luca V, Maria G, De Mauro G, Catara G, Carginale V, Ruggiero G, Capasso A, Parisi E, Brier S, Engen JR, Capasso C. Aspartic proteinases in Antarctic fish. Mar Genomics 2009; 2:1-10. [PMID: 21798166 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present review surveys several recent studies of the aspartic proteinases from Antarctic Notothenioidei, a dominating fish group that has developed a number of adjustments at the molecular level to maintain metabolic function at low temperatures. Given the unique peculiarities of the Antarctic environment, studying the features of Antarctic aspartic proteinases could provide new insights into the role of these proteins in fish physiology. We describe here: (1) the biochemical properties of a cathepsin D purified from the liver of the hemoglobinless icefish Chionodraco hamatus; (2) the biochemical characterization of Trematomus bernacchii pepsins variants A1 and A2 obtained by heterologous expression in bacteria; and (3) the identification of two closely related, novel aspartic proteinases from the liver of the two Antarctic fish species mentioned above. Overall, the results show that Notothenioidei aspartic proteinases display a number of characteristics that are remarkably different from those of mammalian aspartic proteinases, including high turnover number or high catalytic efficiency. We have named the newly identified aspartic proteinases "Nothepsins" and classified them relative to aspartic proteinases from other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- CNR, Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Via P. Castellino 111-80131, Naples, Italy
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Palmieri G, Catara G, Saviano M, Langella E, Gogliettino M, Rossi M. First Archaeal PEPB-Serine Protease Inhibitor from Sulfolobus solfataricus with Noncanonical Amino Acid Sequence in the Reactive-Site Loop. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:327-34. [PMID: 19118453 DOI: 10.1021/pr800587t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The specific inhibition of serine proteinases, which are crucial switches in many important physiological processes, is of great value both for basic research and for therapeutic applications. In this study, we report the molecular cloning of the sso0767 gene from Sulfolobus solfataricus, and the functional characterization of its product, SsCEI, which represents the first archaeal phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP)-serine proteinase inhibitor, reported to date. SsCEI is a monomer protein with a molecular mass of 19.0 kDa and a pI of 6.7, which is able to inhibit the serine proteases alpha-chymotrypsin and elastase with K(i) values of 0.08 and 0.1 microM, respectively. Moreover SsCEI is extremely resistant to both thermal inactivation and proteolytic attack suggesting compact folding of the protein. Within the I51 family, the archaeal inhibitor shows strong similarity to the human and murine members. The three-dimensional model of SsCEI revealed a general beta-fold and the presence of an anion-binding pocket, the hallmark of the PEBP family. Moreover SsCEI binds the cognate proteases according to a common, substrate-like standard mechanism. Point mutation experiments supported the prediction of the protease-binding site located on the surface at the C- terminal region of the protein. Interestingly, searches based on preidentified structural reactive loop motifs revealed the occurrence of a sequence (T123-N130) that is not represented in all serine-protease inhibitor families. This unique motif may provide new insights into both the inhibitor/protease binding mode and the specific biological functions of SsCEI within the PEBP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Palmieri
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Tessitori M, Maria G, Capasso C, Catara G, Rizza S, De Luca V, Catara A, Capasso A, Carginale V. Differential display analysis of gene expression in Etrog citron leaves infected by Citrus viroid III. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1769:228-35. [PMID: 17475349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus are natural hosts of several viroids, which are plant pathogens composed exclusively of a non-protein-coding, small single-stranded circular RNA that is able to replicate autonomously in susceptible hosts. They are responsible for symptoms such as stunting, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis. Citrus viroid III (CVd-III) has been long regarded as a possible dwarfing agent of citrus grafted on trifoliate orange and its hybrids. To investigate molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis, the messenger RNA (mRNA) differential display technique was here applied to identify genes whose transcription was significantly altered in leaves of Etrog citron (Citrus medica) infected by CVd-III (variant b). Of eighteen genes identified, thirteen were up-regulated by viroid infection, while five were down-regulated. Except for two genes that encode proteins of unknown function, the remaining genes are mainly involved in plant defence/stress responses, signal transduction, amino acid transport, and cell wall structure. Among the up-regulated genes, it is noteworthy a suppressor of RNA silencing that might be involved in viroid and virus pathogenicity. The functions of these genes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Tessitori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie, DISTEF, University of Catania, Italy
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Palmieri G, Casbarra A, Fiume I, Catara G, Capasso A, Marino G, Onesti S, Rossi M. Identification of the first archaeal oligopeptide-binding protein from the hyperthermophile Aeropyrum pernix. Extremophiles 2006; 10:393-402. [PMID: 16636888 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-006-0508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The archaeon Aeropyrum pernix grows optimally at 90 degrees C and derives energy primarily from aerobic degradation of complex proteinaceous substrates. The ability of these nutrients to sustain growth is generally associated with the presence of oligopeptide transport systems, such as the well-known protein-dependent ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This study is concerned with the isolation and characterisation of the first archaeal oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA(Ap)) from the extracellular medium of A. pernix. The protein shows a pI of 3.9 and a molecular mass of about 90 kDa under native conditions. By using a proteomic approach, the OppA(Ap)-encoding gene was identified (APE1583) and about 55% of the protein amino-acid sequence was validated. The extracellular purified protein was able to efficiently bind oligopeptide substrates such as Xenopsin. The amount of a liganded peptide to OppA(Ap) was about 70% at 90 degrees C using a 1/100 (w/w) OppA(Ap)/substrate ratio. Sequence comparisons showed a weak but significant similarity of OppA(Ap) with bacterial oligopeptide binding proteins. Furthermore, APE1583 neighbouring genes encode for the cognate components of an ABC transport system, suggesting that these ORFs are organised in an operon-like structure, with OppA(Ap )as the extracellular component for the uptake of oligopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Palmieri
- IBP-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Catara G, Ruggiero G, La Cara F, Digilio FA, Capasso A, Rossi M. A novel extracellular subtilisin-like protease from the hyperthermophile Aeropyrum pernix K1: biochemical properties, cloning, and expression. Extremophiles 2003; 7:391-9. [PMID: 12908102 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-003-0337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2002] [Accepted: 05/06/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel extracellular serine protease designated Pernisine was purified to homogeneity and characterized from the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1. The molecular mass, estimated by SDS-PAGE analysis and by gel filtration chromatography, was about 34 kDa suggesting that the enzyme is monomeric. Pernisine was active in a broad range of pH (5.0-12.0) and temperature (60-120 degrees C) with maximal activity at 90 degrees C and between pH 8.0 and 9.0. In the presence of 1 mM CaCl(2) the activity, as a function of the temperature, reached a maximum at 90 degrees C but at 120 degrees C the enzyme retained almost 80% of its maximal activity. Activity inhibition studies suggest that the enzyme is a serine metalloprotease and biochemical data indicate that Pernisine is a subtilisin-like enzyme. The protease gene, identified from the sequenced genome of A. pernix, was amplified from total genomic DNA by PCR technique to construct the expression plasmid pGEX-Pernisine. The Pernisine, lacking the leader sequence, was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 strain as a fusion protein with glutathione- S-transferase. The biochemical properties of the recombinant enzyme were found to be similar to those of the native enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Catara
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Marconi 10, 80125 Naples, Italy
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