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Meng M, Zhong Z, Song L, Zhang Z, Yin X, Xie X, Tian L, Wu W, Yang Y, Deng Y, Peng H, Wu S, Ran G, Lin Y, Lai Q, Bi Q, Yan F, Ji Y, Wang Y, Li X, Yi P, Yu J, Deng Y. mTOR signaling promotes rapid m6A mRNA methylation to regulate NK-cell activation and effector functions. Cancer Immunol Res 2024:743151. [PMID: 38640466 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can be rapidly activated in response to cytokines during host defense against malignant cells or viral infection. However, it remains unclear what mechanisms precisely and rapidly regulate the expression of the numerous genes involved in activating NK cells. In this study, we discovered that NK-cell N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation levels were rapidly upregulated upon short-term NK-cell activation and were repressed in the tumor microenvironment. Deficiency of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) or METTL14 moderately influenced NK-cell homeostasis, while double knockout of METTL3/14 significantly impacted NK-cell homeostasis, maturation, and antitumor immunity. This suggests a cooperative role of METTL3 and METTL14 in regulating NK-cell development and effector functions. Using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq), we demonstrated that genes involved in NK-cell effector functions, such as Prf1 and Gzmb, were directly modified by m6A methylation. Furthermore, inhibiting mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation prevented m6A methylation levels from increasing when NK cells were activated, and this could be restored by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) supplementation. Collectively, we have unraveled crucial roles for rapid m6A mRNA methylation downstream of the mTORC1-SAM signal axis in regulating NK-cell activation and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Tian
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, CHongqing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Third Miltary Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yafei Deng
- Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyan Peng
- Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Ji
- Army Medical University, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- City Of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Ran G, Lazenby K, Narang N, Parker W. Instrumental Variable Estimation of the Effect of Increased Donor Heart Ischemic Time on Post-Transplant Survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Newton CJ, Ran G, Xie YX, Bilko D, Burgoyne CH, Adams I, Abidia A, McCollum PT, Atkin SL. Notice of inadvertent duplicate publication: statin-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells is blocked by dexamethasone. J Endocrinol 2005; 187:167. [PMID: 16214952 DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.1740007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Newton
- Jacob's Well Medical Research Laboratory, Hull and York Medical School, University of Hull, UK.
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Newton CJ, Ran G, Xie YX, Bilko D, Burgoyne CH, Adams I, Abidia A, McCollum PT, Atkin SL. Statin-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells is blocked by dexamethasone. J Endocrinol 2002; 174:7-16. [PMID: 12098658 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1740007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Statins block de novo synthesis of cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme, HMG CoA reductase. The product of this reaction, mevalonic acid, is also a precursor of isoprenoids, molecules required for the activation of signalling G-proteins, such as Ras. Signal transduction pathways involving Ras are important for cell survival and this may be why statins induce apoptotic death of several cell types. Given that statins are used to treat vascular disease, it is surprising that no studies have been conducted on vascular endothelial cells. For this reason, we have tested the effect of fluvastatin (FS) on the endothelial cell line EA.hy 926. Here we show that FS, at concentrations from 1 to 2 microM, blocks growth and induces apoptosis of the endothelial cell line, EA.hy 926. As considerable redundancy exists in cell signalling pathways for cell survival, toxicity of FS under more physiological conditions might be prevented by pathways that do not require Ras, such as those activated by adrenal or sex steroids. To test this hypothesis, first RT-PCR analysis was performed for nuclear receptor mRNA expression. This revealed the presence of mRNA for the androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The effect of the AR agonist, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and the GR agonist, dexamethasone (Dex), was then tested. Whilst DHT (100 nM) had no effect on FS-induced cell death, Dex (1 microM) blocked FS-induced apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 24 h exposure to FS prevented cells from leaving G(1) and 24-48 h later a marked sub-G(1) peak was observed. Dex was able to reduce the sub-G(1) peak, but it failed to reduce accumulation of cells in G(1). Further studies revealed that, in addition to blocking FS-induced apoptosis, Dex was able to block apoptosis of EA.hy 926 cells induced by serum deprivation, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, oxidants, DNA damage and mitochondrial disruption. This study strongly suggests that glucocorticoids have a role to play in preventing vascular injury and they may provide a reason why statins are apparently not toxic to vascular endothelial cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Newton
- Jacob's Well Medical Research Laboratory, Hull and York Medical School, Fenner Building, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, UK.
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Ran G, Fu L, Xu W, Yun F, Jao S. [Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic determination of propofol in human plasma]. Se Pu 1997; 15:358-9. [PMID: 15739479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An RP-HPLC method is described for the assay of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), a new anesthesia drug, in human plasma. Protein in sample was precipitated with methanol, followed by extraction of propofol with cyclohexane. Both propofol and the internal standard thymol were derivatized with Gibbs' reagent and then chromatographed on an ODS column (Ultrasphere, 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-trifluoroacetic acid (80:20:0.1) and UV detection at 276 nm. The detectable limit of propofol was 24.8 microg/L (S/N>2) and calibration curves were linear between 50 to 1500 microg/L (r=0.9991). The average coefficient of variation was 6.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ran
- The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Xinjinag, Urumqu, 830001
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