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Costa SO, Souza CM, Lanza PG, Sartori JO, Ignacio-Souza LM, Candreva T, Rodrigues HG, Torsoni AS, Milanski M, Torsoni MA. Maternal high fat diet consumption reduces liver alpha7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor expression and impairs insulin signalling in the offspring. Sci Rep 2020; 10:48. [PMID: 31913329 PMCID: PMC6949221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit (α7nAChR) has been associated to anti-inflammatory response in macrophages. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption during pregnancy and lactation impairs the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in liver and white adipose tissue of offspring. In order to evaluate the relationship between damage in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and insulin resistance (IR) development, the liver of offspring of obese dams was investigated. Additionally, the capacity of α7nAChR activation to reduce IR induced by saturated fatty acid was investigated in hepatoma cell line. Initially, female mice were subjected to either standard chow (SC) or HFD during pregnancy and lactation period. After weaning, only male offspring from HFD dams (HFD-O) and SC dams (SC-O) were fed with the SC diet. Hepatic α7nAChR expression was downregulated, and hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, and pIKK level, but not pJNK, were elevated in the HFD-O compared to SC-O mice. Besides, hepatic expression of TNF-α in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was higher in HFD-O than SC-O mice. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the AKT was lower in HFD-O compared to SC-O. Additionally, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the AKT in KOα7Alb-Cre mice fed HFD was lower than WT mice fed HFD. In hepatoma cell line, palmitate increased IL-6 and TNF-α expressions and pJNK level. These effects were accompanied by reduced capacity of insulin to stimulate AKT phosphorylation. PNU or nicotine reduced cytokine expression and JNK activation, but improved insulin resistance induced by palmitate. Our results suggest that maternal obesity impairs hepatic α7nAChR expression and AKT phosphorylation in the offspring. In vitro studies suggest that α7nAChR activation has potential to reduce deleterious effect of saturated fatty acids on insulin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - C M Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - P G Lanza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J O Sartori
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - L M Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - T Candreva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - H G Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A S Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - M Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - M A Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. .,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Novelli ELB, Diniz YS, Galhardi CM, Ebaid GMX, Rodrigues HG, Mani F, Fernandes AAH, Cicogna AC, Novelli Filho JLVB. Anthropometrical parameters and markers of obesity in rats. Lab Anim 2016; 41:111-9. [PMID: 17234057 DOI: 10.1258/002367707779399518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine anthropometrical parameters in male adult Wistar rats. We tested the hypothesis that the anthropometrical index may identify obesity and may predict its adverse effects on lipid profile and oxidative stress in rats. Two experimental protocols were performed. In the first experiment, 50 male Wistar rats, 21 days old and fed a control chow were studied up to 150 days of age. In the second experiment, male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were divided into three groups ( n = 8): control (C) given free access to a control chow; (S) receiving the control chow and drinking 30% sucrose ad libitum and (HC) fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum. The first experiment showed that food consumption, energy intake and body weight increased with increasing age, while specific rate of body mass gain was significantly decreased. There were no significant differences in body length and thoracic circumference of rats from 60 days of age. The abdominal circumference (AC) and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased with enhancing age in rats up to 90 days of age and remained constant thereafter. In the second experiment, after 30 days of dietary treatment, the final body weight, body mass gain, carcass fat and BMI were higher in S and HC rats than in C. There were no significant alterations in body length and carcass protein among the groups. Triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (CT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipid hydroperoxide (LH) were higher in S and HC rats than in C. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased in HC rats and total antioxidant substances (TAS) decreased in S and HC rats. There were positive correlations between BMI with carcass fat, BMI with LH and BMI and serum TG concentration. In conclusion, the BMI for male adult Wistar rats ranged between 0.45 and 0.68 g/cm2. Obesity may be easily estimated from the BMI in rats. Alterations in BMI were associated with dyslipidemic profile and oxidative stress in serum of rats and BMI may predict these adverse consequences of the obesity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L B Novelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Belotto MF, Magdalon J, Rodrigues HG, Vinolo MAR, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC, Hatanaka E. Moderate exercise improves leucocyte function and decreases inflammation in diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:237-43. [PMID: 20846161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genesis and progression of diabetes occur due in part to an uncontrolled inflammation profile with insulin resistance, increased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), proinflammatory cytokines and leucocyte dysfunction. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of a 3-week moderate exercise regimen on a treadmill (60% of VO₂(max) , 30 min/day, 6 days a week) on inflammatory markers and leucocyte functions in diabetic rats. The exercise decreased serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (6%), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemotactic factor 2 alpha/beta (CINC-2α/β) (9%), interleukin (IL)-1β (34%), IL-6 (86%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (41%) and FFA (40%) in diabetic rats when compared with sedentary diabetic animals. Exercise also attenuated the increased responsiveness of leucocytes from diabetics when compared to controls, diminishing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by neutrophils (21%) and macrophages (28%). Exercise did not change neutrophil migration and the proportion of neutrophils and macrophages in necrosis (loss of plasma membrane integrity) and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation). Serum activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were not modified in the conditions studied. Therefore, physical training did not alter the integrity of muscle cells. We conclude that moderate physical exercise has marked anti-inflammatory effects on diabetic rats. This may be an efficient strategy to protect diabetics against microorganism infection, insulin resistance and vascular complications.
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Faine LA, Cicogna AC, Diniz YS, Almeida JA, Burneiko RC, Rodrigues HG, Novelli ELB. Dietary Restriction: Metabolic Shifting for Cardiac Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/135908403100009501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Faine LA, Rodrigues HG, Galhardi CM, Ebaid GMX, Diniz YS, Fernandes AAH, Novelli ELB. Butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT)-induced oxidative stress: Effects on serum lipids and cardiac energy metabolism in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 57:221-6. [PMID: 16338125 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent lines of evidences indicate that several pathological conditions, as cardiovascular diseases, are associated with oxidative stress. In order to validate a butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-induced experimental model of oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue and serum lipids, 12 Wistar rats were divided into two groups, a control group and the BHT group, which received BHT i.p. twice a week (1500 mg/kg body weight) during 30 days. BHT group presented lower body weight gain and heart weight. BHT induced toxic effects on serum through increased triacylglycerols (TG), VLDL and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. The heart of BHT animals showed alteration of antioxidant defenses and increased concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides, indicating elevated lipoperoxidation. TG concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activities were elevated in the cardiac muscle of BHT animals. Thus, long-term administration of BHT is capable to induce oxidative and metabolic alterations similarly to some pathological disorders, constituting an efficient experimental model to health scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Faine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Galhardi CM, Diniz YS, Rodrigues HG, Faine LA, Burneiko RC, Ribas BO, Novelli ELB. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Copper Supplementation on Serum Lipids and Antioxidant Defenses in Rats. Ann Nutr Metab 2005; 49:283-8. [PMID: 16088091 DOI: 10.1159/000087294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nutrition experiment was utilized to investigate the effects of two levels of dietary copper (Cu) supplementation on lipid profile and antioxidant defenses in serum of rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (180-200 g; n = 10) were divided into three groups: control group (A), fed a basal diet with 6 microg Cu/g, and rats fed a basal diet with Cu (CuSO4) supplementation from aqueous solutions, for 4 weeks at the final concentrations of 2 mg Cu/rat (B) and 3 mg Cu/rat (C). RESULTS No significant changes were observed in final body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, total serum protein and high-density lipoprotein. Cu supplementation reduced the triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). The LDL-C/TG ratio and total antioxidant substances (TAS) were higher in (B) and (C) groups than in (A) group. There was a positive correlation between Cu supplementation and ceruloplasmin levels. The markers of oxidative stress, lipid hydroperoxide and lipoperoxide were decreased with Cu supplementation. No alterations were observed in superoxide dismutase, indicating saturation of Cu enzyme site. The glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-Px) were increased in both Cu-supplemented groups. Considering that a copper-selenium interaction can affect mineral availability of both elements, the effects of Cu on TAS and GSH-Px activities were associated with increased selenium disposal. CONCLUSIONS Dietary Cu supplementation had beneficial effects on lipid profile by improving endogenous antioxidant defenses and decreasing the oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Galhardi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences and Post-Graduation Course of Clinical, Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rodrigues HG, Diniz YS, Faine LA, Galhardi CM, Burneiko RC, Almeida JA, Ribas BO, Novelli ELB. Antioxidant effect of saponin: potential action of a soybean flavonoid on glucose tolerance and risk factors for atherosclerosis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2005; 56:79-85. [PMID: 16019317 DOI: 10.1080/09637480500081738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
At the present time, much attention is being paid to antioxidant substances because many pathological conditions are associated with oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to discover the potency of saponin (2-phenyl-benzopyrane), a soybean flavonoid, with respect to its hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic action, and the association of these effects with oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 6): control group and saponin-treated group (60 mg/kg) during 30 days. Saponin had no effects on glucose tolerance. Although no changes had been observed in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, saponin-treated animals had increased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/triacylglycerol ratio and decreased triacylglycerol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio than the control group. Saponin-treated rats showed lower lipid hydroperoxide than control rats, indicating decreased potential to atherosclerosis. No alterations were observed in antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, while lipid hydroperoxide were decreased in saponin-treated rats. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of saponin on serum lipids were related to a direct saponin antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Doyama JT, Rodrigues HG, Novelli ELB, Cereda E, Vilegas W. Chemical investigation and effects of the tea of Passiflora alata on biochemical parameters in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 96:371-374. [PMID: 15619554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2003] [Revised: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora alata (Passifloraceae) is a native plant from the South-America tropical forest that provides a much appreciated fruit known as "maracujá-doce". Although tea of the leaves of Passiflora alata is used in folk medicine as a sedative and tranquilizer, there are no investigations about its effects on biochemical parameters in blood or from its major chemical composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tea of the leaves of Passiflora alata on biochemical parameters (antioxidant system, glucose and cholesterol levels) and to perform a phytochemical investigation of the tea. We isolated and identified two saponins and five C-glycosylflavones derived from apigenin, luteolin and chrysoeriol. Three of them are new in this species. Passiflora alata extract was administrated orally in rats at dose of 1000 mg/kg and it was observed an increase in high-density lipoprotein level (HDL-cholesterol).
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Doyama
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu SP, CEP 18618-000, Brazil.
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