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Gattenlöhner S, Jörißen H, Huhn M, Vincent A, Beeson D, Tzartos S, Mamalaki A, Etschmann B, Muller-Hermelink HK, Koscielniak E, Barth S, Marx A. A human recombinant autoantibody-based immunotoxin specific for the fetal acetylcholine receptor inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma growth in vitro and in a murine transplantation model. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:187621. [PMID: 20204062 PMCID: PMC2829619 DOI: 10.1155/2010/187621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children and is highly resistant to all forms of treatment currently available once metastasis or relapse has commenced. As it has recently been determined that the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) gamma-subunit, which defines the fetal AChR (fAChR) isoform, is almost exclusively expressed in RMS post partum, we recombinantly fused a single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a fully human anti-fAChR Fab-fragment to Pseudomonas exotoxin A to generate an anti-fAChR immunotoxin (scFv35-ETA). While scFv35-ETA had no damaging effect on fAChR-negative control cell lines, it killed human embryonic and alveolar RMS cell lines in vitro and delayed RMS development in a murine transplantation model. These results indicate that scFv35-ETA may be a valuable new therapeutic tool as well as a relevant step towards the development of a fully human immunotoxin directed against RMS. Moreover, as approximately 20% of metastatic malignant melanomas (MMs) display rhabdoid features including the expression of fAChR, the immunotoxin we developed may also prove to be of significant use in the treatment of these more common and most often fatal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - H. Jörißen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Huhn
- Neurosciences Group, Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - A. Vincent
- Neurosciences Group, Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - D. Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - S. Tzartos
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vas. Sofias Avenue 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Mamalaki
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vas. Sofias Avenue 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - B. Etschmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - E. Koscielniak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Olga Hospital, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S. Barth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135 Mannheim, Greece
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Sander S, Bullinger L, Leupolt E, Benner A, Kienle D, Katzenberger T, Kalla J, Ott G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Barth TF, Moller P, Lichter P, Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S. Genomic aberrations in mantle cell lymphoma detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Incidence and clinicopathological correlations. Haematologica 2008; 93:680-7. [DOI: 10.3324/haematol.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mader A, Bruderlein S, Wegener S, Melzner I, Popov S, Muller-Hermelink HK, Barth TF, Viardot A, Moller P. U-HO1, a new cell line derived from a primary refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 119:204-10. [PMID: 18253030 DOI: 10.1159/000112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hodgkin cell line U-HO1 was established from a malignant pleural effusion of a 23-year-old male patient during the end stage of refractory nodular sclerosing classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Since its establishment in 2005, U-HO1 has maintained stable characteristics in vitro and has a doubling time of about 4 days under standard culture conditions. U-HO1 forms typical Reed-Sternberg cells in suspension, is EBV negative, lacks HLA-A, -B, -C but expresses HLA-D proteins/CD74 and exposes CD15 together with CD30 in the absence of CD19 and CD20 on the cell surface. Karyotype analysis of U-HO1 revealed a hyperdiploid karyotype with multiple clonal aberrations. Most significant is an elongated chromosome 2, der(2)t(2;10)(q35; q16.1)add(2)(p13). CGH analysis revealed the following imbalances: ish cgh dim(1)(p13p31)(p12q21), enh(2)(p13p23), dim(4)(q31.3qter), enh(6)(q22q27), enh(12), enh(18), enh(20) (q13.1pter). FISH analysis showed about six-fold amplification of REL and BCL11A, thus, U-HO1 is prototypical for cHL in every aspect tested so far. As an outstanding feature compared to the existing HL cell lines, U-HO1 has high levels of microRNA transcripts of MIRN216 and MIRN217 located in the amplicon 2p16. Compared to other HL cell lines, U-HO1 proved far less genetically aberrant suggesting that U-HO1's imbalances suffice to cause the full-blown phenotype of primary refractory cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mader
- Happareute, Rothenbach, Germany
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Adam P, Steinlein C, Schmid M, Haralambieva E, Stocklein H, Leich E, Rosenwald A, Muller-Hermelink HK, Ott G. Characterization of chromosomal aberrations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) by G-banding and spectral karyotyping (SKY). Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:274-8. [PMID: 16954666 DOI: 10.1159/000094213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic chromosome analysis by classical G-banding was supplemented by spectral karyotyping (SKY) in 12 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL). SKY is a fluorescence in-situ-based, genome-wide screening technique allowing identification of genetic material even in highly condensed metaphase chromosomes of poor morphology. By simultaneous hybridization of whole chromosome painting probes onto tumor chromosome spreads genetic rearrangements are visualized permitting the clarification of even complex karyotype alterations and the identification of genetic material of previously unknown origin, so-called marker chromosomes. Taking the SKY results into account, we reevaluated the G-banding karyotypes initially carried out, thus generating a more precise karyotype in ten of twelve (83%) cases investigated. In particular, thirteen chromosomal rearrangements not correctly recognized by classical cytogenetics were identified, the genetic origin of seven marker chromosomes was elucidated and three structural genetic rearrangements were redefined. We found SKY to be a valuable technique to establish a definite karyotype in addition to classical cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adam
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
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5
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Haralambieva E, Adam P, Ventura R, Katzenberger T, Kalla J, Höller S, Hartmann M, Rosenwald A, Greiner A, Muller-Hermelink HK, Banham AH, Ott G. Genetic rearrangement of FOXP1 is predominantly detected in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with extranodal presentation. Leukemia 2006; 20:1300-3. [PMID: 16673020 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD. The World Health Organization classification of neoplasms of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting--Airlie House, Virginia, November, 1997. Hematol J 2002; 1:53-66. [PMID: 11920170 DOI: 10.1038/sj.thj.6200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/1999] [Accepted: 10/18/1999] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists and the Society for Hematopathology have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematologic malignancies. The classification includes lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic, and mast cell neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The WHO project involves ten committees of pathologists, who have developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) of international hematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification will be useful to clinicians. A meeting was held in November 1997 to discuss clinical issues related to the classification. RESULTS WHO has adopted the 'Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms' (REAL), published in 1994 by the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG), as the classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This approach to classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of 'real' disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one 'gold standard'. The WHO classification has applied the principles of the REAL classification to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. The classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. The CAC meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, was able to reach a consensus on most of the questions posed. The questions and the consensus are discussed in detail below. Among other things, the CAC concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms were neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumor type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the international prognostic index (IPI). CONCLUSION The experience of developing the WHO classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Scherer SJ, Maier SM, Seifert M, Hanselmann RG, Zang KD, Muller-Hermelink HK, Angel P, Welter C, Schartl M. p53 and c-Jun functionally synergize in the regulation of the DNA repair gene hMSH2 in response to UV. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:37469-73. [PMID: 10984493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006990200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppresser protein p53 is critical for guarding the genome from incorporation of damaged DNA (Lane, D. P. (1992) Nature 358, 15-16). A relevant stress that activates p53 function is UV light (Noda, A., Toma-Aiba, Y., and Fujiwara, Y. (2000) Oncogene 19, 21-31). Another well known component of the mammalian UV response is the transcription factor c-Jun (Angel, P., and Karin, M. (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1072, 129-157). We show here that upon UV irradiation p53 activates transcription of the human mismatch repair gene MSH2. Interestingly, this up-regulation critically depends on functional interaction with c-Jun. Hence, the synergistic interaction of a proto-oncogene with a tumor suppresser gene is required for the regulation of the mammalian stress response through activation of expression of MSH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Scherer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Saarland, Geb. 68, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J. Lymphoma classification--from controversy to consensus: the R.E.A.L. and WHO Classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Ann Oncol 2000. [PMID: 10707771 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008383406103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy in lymphoma classification dates back to the first attempts to formulate such classifications. Over the years, much of this controversy arose from the assumption that there had to be a single guiding principle--a 'gold standard'--for classification, and from the existence of multiple different classifications. DESIGN The International Lymphoma Study Group (I.L.S.G.) developed a consensus list of lymphoid neoplasms, which was published in 1994 as the 'Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms' (R.E.A.L.). The classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of 'real' disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one 'gold standard'. In some tumors morphology is paramount, in others it is immunophenotype, a specific genetic abnormality, or clinical features. An international study of 1300 patients, supported by the San Salvatore Foundation, was conducted to determine whether the R.E.A.L. Classification could be used by expert pathologists and had clinical relevance. Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH) have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of hematologic malignancies, using an updated R.E.A.L. Classification for lymphomas and applying the principles of the R.E.A.L. Classification to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. A Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) was formed to ensure that the WHO Classification will be useful to clinicians. RESULTS The International Lymphoma Study showed that the R.E.A.L. Classification could be used by pathologists, with inter-observer reproducibility better than for other classifications (> 85%). Immunophenotyping was helpful in some diagnoses, but not required for many others. New entities not specifically recognized in the Working Formulation accounted for 27% of the cases. Diseases that would have been lumped together as 'low grade' or 'intermediate/high grade' in the Working Formulation showed marked differences in survival, confirming that they need to be treated as distinct entities. Clinical features such as the International Prognostic Index were also important in determining patient outcome. The WHO Clinical Advisory Committee concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms was neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumor type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the International Prognostic Index (IPI). CONCLUSIONS The experience of developing the WHO Classification has produced a new and existing degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J. Lymphoma classification--from controversy to consensus: the R.E.A.L. and WHO Classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Ann Oncol 2000. [PMID: 10707771 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/11.suppl_1.s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy in lymphoma classification dates back to the first attempts to formulate such classifications. Over the years, much of this controversy arose from the assumption that there had to be a single guiding principle--a 'gold standard'--for classification, and from the existence of multiple different classifications. DESIGN The International Lymphoma Study Group (I.L.S.G.) developed a consensus list of lymphoid neoplasms, which was published in 1994 as the 'Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms' (R.E.A.L.). The classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of 'real' disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one 'gold standard'. In some tumors morphology is paramount, in others it is immunophenotype, a specific genetic abnormality, or clinical features. An international study of 1300 patients, supported by the San Salvatore Foundation, was conducted to determine whether the R.E.A.L. Classification could be used by expert pathologists and had clinical relevance. Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH) have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of hematologic malignancies, using an updated R.E.A.L. Classification for lymphomas and applying the principles of the R.E.A.L. Classification to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. A Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) was formed to ensure that the WHO Classification will be useful to clinicians. RESULTS The International Lymphoma Study showed that the R.E.A.L. Classification could be used by pathologists, with inter-observer reproducibility better than for other classifications (> 85%). Immunophenotyping was helpful in some diagnoses, but not required for many others. New entities not specifically recognized in the Working Formulation accounted for 27% of the cases. Diseases that would have been lumped together as 'low grade' or 'intermediate/high grade' in the Working Formulation showed marked differences in survival, confirming that they need to be treated as distinct entities. Clinical features such as the International Prognostic Index were also important in determining patient outcome. The WHO Clinical Advisory Committee concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms was neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumor type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the International Prognostic Index (IPI). CONCLUSIONS The experience of developing the WHO Classification has produced a new and existing degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD. The World Health Organization classification of hematological malignancies report of the Clinical Advisory Committee Meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. Mod Pathol 2000; 13:193-207. [PMID: 10697278 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists and the Society for Hematopathology have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematologic malignancies. The classification includes lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic, and mast cell neoplasms. The WHO project involves 10 committees of pathologists, who have developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A Clinical Advisory Committee of international hematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification will be useful to clinicians. A meeting was held in November 1997 to discuss clinical issues related to the classification. The WHO has adopted the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms, published in 1994 by the International Lymphoma Study Group, as the classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This approach to classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of "real" disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one "gold standard." The WHO classification has applied the principles of the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. The classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. The Clinical Advisory Committee meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, was able to reach a consensus on most of the questions posed. The questions and the consensus are discussed in detail in this article. Among other things, the Clinical Advisory Committee concluded that clinical grouping of lymphoid neoplasms was neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumor type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the international prognostic index. The experience of developing the WHO classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world. This should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
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Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD. The World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: Report of the Clinical Advisory Committee Meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. Histopathology 2000; 36:69-86. [PMID: 10632755 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH) have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of haematological malignancies. The classification includes lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic and mast cell neoplasms. DESIGN The WHO project involves 10 committees of pathologists, who have developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) of international haematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification will be useful to clinicians. A meeting was held in November 1997 to discuss clinical issues related to the classification. RESULTS The WHO has adopted the 'Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms' (REAL), published in 1994 by the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG), as the classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This approach to classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of 'real' disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one 'gold standard'. The WHO classification has applied the principles of the REAL classification to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. The classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. The CAC meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, was able to reach a consensus on most of the questions posed. The questions and the consensus are discussed in detail below. Among other things, the CAC concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms was neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumour type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the international prognostic index (IPI). CONCLUSION The experience of developing the WHO classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
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Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD. The World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November, 1997. Ann Oncol 1999; 10:1419-32. [PMID: 10643532 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008375931236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH) have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of hematologic malignancies. The classification includes lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic, and mast cell neoplasms. DESIGN The WHO project involves 10 committees of pathologists, who have developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC)) of international hematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification will be useful to clinicians. A meeting was held in November, 1997, to discuss clinical issues related to the classification. RESULTS The WHO has adopted the 'Revised European American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms' (R.E.A.L.), published in 1994 by the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG), as the classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This approach to classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of 'real' disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one 'gold standard'. The WHO Classification has applied the principles of the R.E.A.L. Classification to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. The classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. The CAC meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, was able to reach a consensus on most of the questions posed. The questions and the consensus are discussed in detail below. Among other things, the CAC concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms were neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumor type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the international prognostic index (IPI). CONCLUSION The experience of developing the WHO Classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:3835-49. [PMID: 10577857 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.12.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2105] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The European Association of Hematopathologists and the Society for Hematopathology have developed a new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematologic malignancies, including lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic, and mast cell neoplasms. DESIGN Ten committees of pathologists developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A clinical advisory committee (CAC) of international hematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification would be useful to clinicians. The CAC met in November 1997 to discuss clinical issues related to the classification. RESULTS The WHO uses the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classification, published in 1994 by the International Lymphoma Study Group, to categorize lymphoid neoplasms. The REAL classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of "real" disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one gold standard. The WHO Neoplasms recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. At the CAC meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, participants reached a consensus on most of the questions posed. They concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms were neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumor type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors, such as the International Prognostic Index. CONCLUSION The WHO classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Harris
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Harris NL, Muller-Hermelink HK, Flandrin G, Vardiman JW. Burkitt's lymphoma: a single disease with multiple variants. The World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Blood 1999; 93:1124. [PMID: 10025990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Diebold J, Muller-Hermelink HK. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. A progress report. Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 111:S8-12. [PMID: 9894466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification has been developed under the joint auspices of the European Association for Hematopathology (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH). First organized in 1995, the Steering Committee appointed 10 committees for T-cell and B-cell lymphomas and leukemias and myeloid and histiocytic tumors to develop a relevant list of diseases and establish definitions of each disease according to established criteria. The WHO classification uses the principles of the Revised European American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL), which defines each disease according to its morphologic features, immunophenotype, genetic features, postulated normal counterpart, and clinical features. The proposed classification was presented at the United States-Canadian Academy of Pathology meeting in 1997. The Steering Committee also appointed a Clinical Advisory Committee to ensure that the classification meets clinical needs and to resolve questions of clinical significance. The proposed WHO classification for lymphomas is similar to the REAL classification for lymphomas, with minor modifications and reassessment of provisional categories based on new data since 1994.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Jaffe
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Isaacson PG, Banks PM, Best PV, McLure SP, Muller-Hermelink HK, Wyatt JI. Primary low-grade hepatic B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type. Am J Surg Pathol 1995; 19:571-5. [PMID: 7726367 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199505000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of four cases of primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the liver. The lymphomas were first seen as a solitary nodule in two patients and as two nodules in the third patient. These were found incidentally in an otherwise normal liver during abdominal surgery for other causes. In the fourth patient, several up to 2 cm nodules of lymphoma were found in a liver removed before transplant for chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. There was no evidence of lymphoma elsewhere in any of the patients. One patient has remained well, without evidence of lymphoma, 1 year after resection, one died intraoperatively, one is lost to follow-up, and the transplanted patient died 1 year after transplant from complications without evidence of recurrent lymphoma. The histology was typical of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type with centrocyte-like cells surrounding reactive B-cell follicles and forming lymphoepithelial lesions with bile ducts. Primary hepatic lymphomas are rare, and most reported cases have been high-grade B-cell lesions. The liver should be added to the list of extranodal sites where low-grade MALT lymphoma may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Isaacson
- Department of Histopathology, UCL Medical School, London, England
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Yankah AC, Wottge HU, Muller-Hermelink HK, Feller AC, Lange P, Wessel U, Dreyer H, Bernhard A, Müller-Ruchholtz W. Transplantation of aortic and pulmonary allografts, enhanced viability of endothelial cells by cryopreservation, importance of histocompatibility. J Card Surg 1987; 2:209-20. [PMID: 2979973 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.1987.2.1s.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fresh heart valve allografts were preserved at 4 degrees C for 14 days, cryopreserved and stored for 63 days, and studied for endothelial viability and antigenicity, in order to obtain some information on the immunobiological status of allografts before transplantation. The surgical technique described by Ross for subcoronary position is preferred and briefly outlined. Four explanted incompatible allografts were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to assess the immunological reactions and tissue changes that occurred between 9 days and 16 weeks postoperatively. Valve leaflet motion and opening velocities were studied by echocardiography postoperatively to establish a baseline with which to distinguish early leaflet degeneration. Distensibility of the aortic annulus was studied postoperatively by supraaortic angiography to justify one of the goals of reconstruction of the aortic root with allografts. Antibiotic preserved allografts at 4 degrees C showed no viable endothelial cells after 8 days while the cryopreserved allografts demonstrated a high rate of viable endothelial cells capable of expressing surface antigens (HLA class I and II). Although the valve explants showed focal mononuclear cell infiltrations with T-lymphocytes, the allografts healed in place. The "classic" findings of rejection could not therefore be demonstrated. In summary, cryopreserved valve allografts, like the fresh, are antigenic. It is therefore recommended to use compatible valve grafts, when possible, which might be a positive step to improve the functional longevity of valve allografts. Immune response after valve allograft transplantation does not cause acute valvular dysfunction but rather chronic tissue changes which might lead to early degeneration of the allograft. The opening velocities of preserved aortic and pulmonary allografts were normal at 3-4 years postoperatively irrespective of histocompatibility. Echocardiography might be a useful tool to detect early degenerative changes of incompatible valve leaflets. The aortic root is distensible after allograft transplantation.
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von Gaudecker B, Muller-Hermelink HK. Ultrastructural analysis of lymphoid subpopulations and their relation to stationary cells in the epithelial crypts and the follicles during early ontogeny of the human tonsilla palatina. Adv Exp Med Biol 1982; 149:485-90. [PMID: 6983228 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9066-4_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lennert K, Mitrou P, Muller-Hermelink HK. Cytophotometric and Autoradiographic Investigations on Germinal Center Cells in Man. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3192-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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