1
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Brügger A, Bilheux HZ, Lin JYY, Nelson GJ, Kiss AM, Morris J, Connolly MJ, Long AM, Tremsin AS, Strzelec A, Anderson MH, Agasie R, Finney CEA, Wissink ML, Hubler MH, Pellenq RJM, White CE, Heuser BJ, Craft AE, Harp JM, Tan C, Morris K, Junghans A, Sevanto S, Warren JM, Esteban Florez FL, Biris AS, Cekanova M, Kardjilov N, Schillinger B, Frost MJ, Vogel SC. The Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D) at the Spallation Neutron Source (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:2890223. [PMID: 37171234 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is planning to build the Second Target Station (STS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). STS will host a suite of novel instruments that complement the First Target Station's beamline capabilities by offering an increased flux for cold neutrons and a broader wavelength bandwidth. A novel neutron imaging beamline, named the Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D), is among the first eight instruments that will be commissioned at STS as part of the construction project. CUPI2D is designed for a broad range of neutron imaging scientific applications, such as energy storage and conversion (batteries and fuel cells), materials science and engineering (additive manufacturing, superalloys, and archaeometry), nuclear materials (novel cladding materials, nuclear fuel, and moderators), cementitious materials, biology/medical/dental applications (regenerative medicine and cancer), and life sciences (plant-soil interactions and nutrient dynamics). The innovation of this instrument lies in the utilization of a high flux of wavelength-separated cold neutrons to perform real time in situ neutron grating interferometry and Bragg edge imaging-with a wavelength resolution of δλ/λ ≈ 0.3%-simultaneously when required, across a broad range of length and time scales. This manuscript briefly describes the science enabled at CUPI2D based on its unique capabilities. The preliminary beamline performance, a design concept, and future development requirements are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Brügger
- Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Hassina Z Bilheux
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Spallation Neutron Source, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jiao Y Y Lin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - George J Nelson
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Alabama-Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Andrew M Kiss
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Photon Science Division, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Connolly
- Material Measurement Laboratory/Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Alexander M Long
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Anton S Tremsin
- Space Science Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrea Strzelec
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Mark H Anderson
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Robert Agasie
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Charles E A Finney
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Martin L Wissink
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Mija H Hubler
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Roland J-M Pellenq
- International Research Laboratory, CNRS-George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Claire E White
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Brent J Heuser
- The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Aaron E Craft
- Idaho National Laboratory, Characterization and Advanced Post-Irradiation Examination Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
| | - Jason M Harp
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Nuclear Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Chuting Tan
- Idaho National Laboratory, Characterization and Advanced Post-Irradiation Examination Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
| | | | - Ann Junghans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering and Nonproliferation Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Fernando L Esteban Florez
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, USA
| | - Alexandru S Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Integrity Laboratories, LLC, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, USA
| | - Nikolay Kardjilov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin, Institute Applied Materials, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | | | - Matthew J Frost
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Sven C Vogel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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2
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Wissink ML, Toops TJ, Splitter DA, Nafziger EJ, Finney CEA, Bilheux HZ, Santodonato LJ, Zhang Y. Quantification of Sub-Pixel Dynamics in High-Speed Neutron Imaging. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8070201. [PMID: 35877645 PMCID: PMC9316078 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The high penetration depth of neutrons through many metals and other common materials makes neutron imaging an attractive method for non-destructively probing the internal structure and dynamics of objects or systems that may not be accessible by conventional means, such as X-ray or optical imaging. While neutron imaging has been demonstrated to achieve a spatial resolution below 10 μm and temporal resolution below 10 μs, the relatively low flux of neutron sources and the limitations of existing neutron detectors have, until now, dictated that these cannot be achieved simultaneously, which substantially restricts the applicability of neutron imaging to many fields of research that could otherwise benefit from its unique capabilities. In this work, we present an attenuation modeling approach to the quantification of sub-pixel dynamics in cyclic ensemble neutron image sequences of an automotive gasoline direct injector at a 5 μs time scale with a spatial noise floor in the order of 5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Wissink
- Energy Science and Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (T.J.T.); (D.A.S.); (E.J.N.); (C.E.A.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Todd J. Toops
- Energy Science and Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (T.J.T.); (D.A.S.); (E.J.N.); (C.E.A.F.)
| | - Derek A. Splitter
- Energy Science and Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (T.J.T.); (D.A.S.); (E.J.N.); (C.E.A.F.)
| | - Eric J. Nafziger
- Energy Science and Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (T.J.T.); (D.A.S.); (E.J.N.); (C.E.A.F.)
| | - Charles E. A. Finney
- Energy Science and Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (T.J.T.); (D.A.S.); (E.J.N.); (C.E.A.F.)
| | - Hassina Z. Bilheux
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (H.Z.B.); (L.J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Louis J. Santodonato
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (H.Z.B.); (L.J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; (H.Z.B.); (L.J.S.); (Y.Z.)
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3
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McFarlane J, DiStefano VH, Bingham PR, Bilheux HZ, Cheshire MC, Hale RE, Hussey DS, Jacobson DL, Kolbus L, LaManna JM, Perfect E, Rivers M, Santodonato LJ, Anovitz LM. Effect of Fluid Properties on Contact Angles in the Eagle Ford Shale Measured with Spontaneous Imbibition. ACS Omega 2021; 6:32618-32630. [PMID: 34901610 PMCID: PMC8655785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Models of fluid flow are used to improve the efficiency of oil and gas extraction and to estimate the storage and leakage of carbon dioxide in geologic reservoirs. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of key parameters of rock-fluid interactions, such as contact angles, wetting, and the rate of spontaneous imbibition, is necessary if these models are to predict reservoir behavior accurately. In this study, aqueous fluid imbibition rates were measured in fractures in samples of the Eagle Ford Shale using neutron imaging. Several liquids, including pure water and aqueous solutions containing sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride, were used to determine the impact of solution chemistry on uptake rates. Uptake rate analysis provided dynamic contact angles for the Eagle Ford Shale that ranged from 51 to 90° using the Schwiebert-Leong equation, suggesting moderately hydrophilic mineralogy. When corrected for hydrostatic pressure, the average contact angle was calculated as 76 ± 7°, with higher values at the fracture inlet. Differences in imbibition arising from differing fracture widths, physical liquid properties, and wetting front height were investigated. For example, bicarbonate-contacted samples had average contact angles that varied between 62 ± 10° and ∼84 ± 6° as the fluid rose in the column, likely reflecting a convergence-divergence structure within the fracture. Secondary imbibitions into the same samples showed a much more rapid uptake for water and sodium chloride solutions that suggested alteration of the clay in contact with the solution producing a water-wet environment. The same effect was not observed for sodium bicarbonate, which suggested that the bicarbonate ion prevented shale hydration. This study demonstrates how the imbibition rate measured by neutron imaging can be used to determine contact angles for solutions in contact with shale or other materials and that wetting properties can vary on a relatively fine scale during imbibition, requiring detailed descriptions of wetting for accurate reservoir modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna McFarlane
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Victoria H. DiStefano
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Bredesen
Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-3394, United States
- U.S.
Department of Energy, 19901 Germantown Road, Germantown, Maryland 20874, United
States
| | - Philip R. Bingham
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hassina Z. Bilheux
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael C. Cheshire
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Chevron, The Woodlands, Texas 77830, United States
| | - Richard E. Hale
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Daniel S. Hussey
- Physical
Measurements Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David L. Jacobson
- Physical
Measurements Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lindsay Kolbus
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Indianapolis
Metropolitan High School, 1635 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222, United States
| | - Jacob M. LaManna
- Physical
Measurements Laboratory, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Edmund Perfect
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Science, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1526, United States
| | - Mark Rivers
- University
of Chicago, Geophysical Sciences, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Building
434-A, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Louis J. Santodonato
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Advanced
Research Systems, 7476
Industrial Park Way, Macungie, Pennsylvania 18062, United States
| | - Lawrence M. Anovitz
- Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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4
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McFarlane J, Anovitz LM, Cheshire MC, DiStefano VH, Bilheux HZ, Bilheux JC, Daemen LL, Hale RE, Howard RL, Ramirez-Cuesta A, Santodonato LJ, Bleuel M, Hussey DS, Jacobson DL, LaManna JM, Perfect E, Qualls LM. Water Migration and Swelling in Engineered Barrier Materials for Radioactive Waste Disposal. NUCL TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2020.1812348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victoria H. DiStefano
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830-6110
- University of Tennessee, Bredesen Center, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-3394
| | | | | | - Luke L. Daemen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830-6110
| | - Richard E. Hale
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830-6110
| | | | | | | | - Markus Bleuel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
- University of Maryland, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College Park, Maryland 20742-2115
| | - Daniel S. Hussey
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - David L. Jacobson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Jacob M. LaManna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Edmund Perfect
- University of Tennessee, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410
| | - Logan M. Qualls
- University of Tennessee, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410
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5
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Venkatakrishnan S, Ziabari A, Hinkle J, Needham AW, Warren JM, Bilheux HZ. Convolutional neural network based non-iterative reconstruction for accelerating neutron tomography
*. Mach Learn : Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/abde8e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Neutron computed tomography (NCT), a 3D non-destructive characterization technique, is carried out at nuclear reactor or spallation neutron source-based user facilities. Because neutrons are not severely attenuated by heavy elements and are sensitive to light elements like hydrogen, neutron radiography and computed tomography offer a complementary contrast to x-ray CT conducted at a synchrotron user facility. However, compared to synchrotron x-ray CT, the acquisition time for an NCT scan can be orders of magnitude higher due to lower source flux, low detector efficiency and the need to collect a large number of projection images for a high-quality reconstruction when using conventional algorithms. As a result of the long scan times for NCT, the number and type of experiments that can be conducted at a user facility is severely restricted. Recently, several deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based algorithms have been introduced in the context of accelerating CT scans that can enable high quality reconstructions from sparse-view data. In this paper, we introduce DCNN algorithms to obtain high-quality reconstructions from sparse-view and low signal-to-noise ratio NCT data-sets thereby enabling accelerated scans. Our method is based on the supervised learning strategy of training a DCNN to map a low-quality reconstruction from sparse-view data to a higher quality reconstruction. Specifically, we evaluate the performance of two popular DCNN architectures—one based on using patches for training and the other on using the full images for training. We observe that both the DCNN architectures offer improvements in performance over classical multi-layer perceptron as well as conventional CT reconstruction algorithms. Our results illustrate that the DCNN can be a powerful tool to obtain high-quality NCT reconstructions from sparse-view data thereby enabling accelerated NCT scans for increasing user-facility throughput or enabling high-resolution time-resolved NCT scans.
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6
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Bilheux HZ, Cekanova M, Warren JM, Meagher MJ, Ross RD, Bilheux JC, Venkatakrishnan S, Lin JYY, Zhang Y, Pearson MR, Stringfellow E. Neutron Radiography and Computed Tomography of Biological Systems at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34028436 DOI: 10.3791/61688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrons have historically been used for a broad range of biological applications employing techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering, neutron spin echo, diffraction, and inelastic scattering. Unlike neutron scattering techniques that obtain information in reciprocal space, attenuation-based neutron imaging measures a signal in real space that is resolved on the order of tens of micrometers. The principle of neutron imaging follows the Beer-Lambert law and is based on the measurement of the bulk neutron attenuation through a sample. Greater attenuation is exhibited by some light elements (most notably, hydrogen), which are major components of biological samples. Contrast agents such as deuterium, gadolinium, or lithium compounds can be used to enhance contrast in a similar fashion as it is done in medical imaging, including techniques such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray, and positron emission tomography. For biological systems, neutron radiography and computed tomography have increasingly been used to investigate the complexity of the underground plant root network, its interaction with soils, and the dynamics of water flux in situ. Moreover, efforts to understand contrast details in animal samples, such as soft tissues and bones, have been explored. This manuscript focuses on the advances in neutron bioimaging such as sample preparation, instrumentation, data acquisition strategy, and data analysis using the High Flux Isotope Reactor CG-1D neutron imaging beamline. The aforementioned capabilities will be illustrated using a selection of examples in plant physiology (herbaceous plant/root/soil system) and biomedical applications (rat femur and mouse lung).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cekanova
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee; UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome, Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee; Integrity Laboratories
| | | | - Matthew J Meagher
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University
| | - Jean C Bilheux
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | | | - Jiao Y Y Lin
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Now at Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Now at Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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7
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Wang T, Jiang CY, Bilheux HZ, Dhiman I, Bilheux JC, Crow L, McDonald L, Robertson L, Kardjilov N, Pynn R, Tong X. Improving polarized neutron imaging for visualization of the Meissner effect in superconductors. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:033705. [PMID: 30927791 DOI: 10.1063/1.5053690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The polarized neutron imaging technique provides a non-invasive method of characterizing localized magnetic fields inside superconductors. However, complete understanding of the magnetic field distribution has yet to be realized experimentally due to the complexity of the interaction between neutron polarization and magnetic field. In this article, we show that a well-defined and controlled magnetic field through the neutron path contributes to simplify the data analysis and makes future quantitative polarized neutron imaging possible. This is demonstrated in a set of experiments that visualize the magnetic field distribution inside and around the superconductors. The experimental results demonstrate that proper guide field setup allows the visualization of the magnetic field expulsion at the surface of the superconductor in the zero-field cooling condition, as well as the magnetic field trapped inside the superconductor under field cooling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Y Jiang
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - H Z Bilheux
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - I Dhiman
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J C Bilheux
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - L Crow
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - L McDonald
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - L Robertson
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N Kardjilov
- Institute Applied materials, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Pynn
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - X Tong
- Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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8
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Ashkar R, Bilheux HZ, Bordallo H, Briber R, Callaway DJE, Cheng X, Chu XQ, Curtis JE, Dadmun M, Fenimore P, Fushman D, Gabel F, Gupta K, Herberle F, Heinrich F, Hong L, Katsaras J, Kelman Z, Kharlampieva E, Kneller GR, Kovalevsky A, Krueger S, Langan P, Lieberman R, Liu Y, Losche M, Lyman E, Mao Y, Marino J, Mattos C, Meilleur F, Moody P, Nickels JD, O'Dell WB, O'Neill H, Perez-Salas U, Peters J, Petridis L, Sokolov AP, Stanley C, Wagner N, Weinrich M, Weiss K, Wymore T, Zhang Y, Smith JC. Neutron scattering in the biological sciences: progress and prospects. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2018; 74:1129-1168. [PMID: 30605130 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318017503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scattering of neutrons can be used to provide information on the structure and dynamics of biological systems on multiple length and time scales. Pursuant to a National Science Foundation-funded workshop in February 2018, recent developments in this field are reviewed here, as well as future prospects that can be expected given recent advances in sources, instrumentation and computational power and methods. Crystallography, solution scattering, dynamics, membranes, labeling and imaging are examined. For the extraction of maximum information, the incorporation of judicious specific deuterium labeling, the integration of several types of experiment, and interpretation using high-performance computer simulation models are often found to be particularly powerful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 850 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hassina Z Bilheux
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Robert Briber
- Materials Science and Engineeering, University of Maryland, 1109 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David J E Callaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 642 Riffe Building, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Qiang Chu
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph E Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mark Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Paul Fenimore
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - David Fushman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Frank Gabel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Kushol Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederick Herberle
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Frank Heinrich
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - John Katsaras
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Zvi Kelman
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gerald R Kneller
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Chateau de la Source, Avenue du Parc Floral, Orléans, France
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Susan Krueger
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Paul Langan
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Raquel Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mathias Losche
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yimin Mao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - John Marino
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carla Mattos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Flora Meilleur
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Peter Moody
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, England
| | - Jonathan D Nickels
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 850 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - William B O'Dell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hugh O'Neill
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ursula Perez-Salas
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Loukas Petridis
- Materials Science and Engineeering, University of Maryland, 1109 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Christopher Stanley
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Norman Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Michael Weinrich
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kevin Weiss
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Troy Wymore
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institutes of Standard and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 642 Riffe Building, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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9
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Makowska MG, Theil Kuhn L, Cleemann LN, Lauridsen EM, Bilheux HZ, Molaison JJ, Santodonato LJ, Tremsin AS, Grosse M, Morgano M, Kabra S, Strobl M. Flexible sample environment for high resolution neutron imaging at high temperatures in controlled atmosphere. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:125109. [PMID: 26724075 DOI: 10.1063/1.4937615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High material penetration by neutrons allows for experiments using sophisticated sample environments providing complex conditions. Thus, neutron imaging holds potential for performing in situ nondestructive measurements on large samples or even full technological systems, which are not possible with any other technique. This paper presents a new sample environment for in situ high resolution neutron imaging experiments at temperatures from room temperature up to 1100 °C and/or using controllable flow of reactive atmospheres. The design also offers the possibility to directly combine imaging with diffraction measurements. Design, special features, and specification of the furnace are described. In addition, examples of experiments successfully performed at various neutron facilities with the furnace, as well as examples of possible applications are presented. This covers a broad field of research from fundamental to technological investigations of various types of materials and components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata G Makowska
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Lars N Cleemann
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Anton S Tremsin
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mirco Grosse
- Institute for Applied Material Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe DE-76021, Germany
| | - Manuel Morgano
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Saurabh Kabra
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Strobl
- European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Bilheux HZ, Cekanova M, Vass AA, Nichols TL, Bilheux JC, Donnell RL, Finochiarro V. A novel approach to determine post mortem interval using neutron radiography. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 251:11-21. [PMID: 25839676 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most difficult challenges in forensic research is to objectively determine the post-mortem interval (PMI). The accuracy of PMI is critical for determining the timeline of events surrounding a death. Most PMI techniques rely on gross morphological changes of cadavers that are highly sensitive to taphonomic factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that even exhumed individuals exposed to the same environmental conditions with similar PMIs can present different stages of decomposition. After death, tissue undergoes sequential changes consisting of organic and inorganic phase variations, as well as a gradual reduction of tissue water content. Hydrogen (H) is the primary contributor to neutron radiography (NR) contrast in biological specimens because (1) it is the most abundant element in biological tissues and (2) its nucleus scatters thermal and cold neutrons more strongly than any other atomic nucleus. These contrast differences can be advantageous in a forensic context to determine small changes in hydrogen concentrations. Neutron radiography of decaying canine tissues was performed to evaluate the PMI by measuring the changes in H content. In this study, dog cadavers were used as a model for human cadavers. Canine tissues and cadavers were exposed to controlled (laboratory settings, at the University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine) and uncontrolled (University of Tennessee Anthropology Research Facility) environmental conditions, respectively. Neutron radiographs were supplemented with photographs and histology data to assess the decompositional stages of cadavers. Results demonstrated that the increase in neutron transmission likely corresponded to a decrease in hydrogen content in the tissue, which was correlated with the decay time of the tissue. Tissues depleted in hydrogen were brighter in the neutron transmission radiographs of skeletal muscles, lung, and bone, under controlled conditions. Over a period of 10 days, changes in neutron transmission through lung and muscle were found to be higher than bone by 8.3%, 7.0%, and 2.0%, respectively. Results measured during uncontrolled conditions were more difficult to assess and further studies are necessary. In conclusion, neutron radiography may be used to detect changes in hydrogen abundance that can be correlated with the post-mortem interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Z Bilheux
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Arpad A Vass
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Trent L Nichols
- Measurement Science and Systems Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Jean C Bilheux
- Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Robert L Donnell
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Vincenzo Finochiarro
- Department of Matter Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Sharma K, Kim YH, Gabitto J, Mayes RT, Yiacoumi S, Bilheux HZ, Walker LMH, Dai S, Tsouris C. Transport of ions in mesoporous carbon electrodes during capacitive deionization of high-salinity solutions. Langmuir 2015; 31:1038-1047. [PMID: 25533167 DOI: 10.1021/la5043102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Desalination of high-salinity solutions has been studied using a novel experimental technique and a theoretical model. Neutron imaging has been employed to visualize lithium ions in mesoporous carbon materials, which are used as electrodes in capacitive deionization (CDI) for water desalination. Experiments were conducted with a flow-through CDI cell designed for neutron imaging and with lithium-6 chloride ((6)LiCl) as the electrolyte. Sequences of neutron images have been obtained at a relatively high concentration of (6)LiCl solution to provide information on the transport of ions within the electrodes. A new model that computes the individual ionic concentration profiles inside mesoporous carbon electrodes has been used to simulate the CDI process. Modifications have also been introduced into the simulation model to calculate results at high electrolyte concentrations. Experimental data and simulation results provide insight into why CDI is not effective for desalination of high ionic-strength solutions. The combination of experimental information, obtained through neutron imaging, with the theoretical model will help in the design of CDI devices, which can improve the process for high ionic-strength solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0373, United States
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12
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Sharma K, Mayes RT, Kiggans JO, Yiacoumi S, Bilheux HZ, Walker LM, DePaoli DW, Dai S, Tsouris C. Enhancement of electrosorption rates using low-amplitude, high-frequency, pulsed electrical potential. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Sharma K, Bilheux HZ, Walker LMH, Voisin S, Mayes RT, Kiggans Jr. JO, Yiacoumi S, DePaoli DW, Dai S, Tsouris C. Neutron imaging of ion transport in mesoporous carbon materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11740-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Tremsin AS, McPhate JB, Vallerga JV, Siegmund OHW, Feller WB, Bilheux HZ, Molaison JJ, Tulk CA, Crow L, Cooper RG, Penumadu D. Transmission Bragg edge spectroscopy measurements at ORNL Spallation Neutron Source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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