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Jespersen NZ, Feizi A, Andersen ES, Heywood S, Hattel HB, Daugaard S, Peijs L, Bagi P, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Schultz HS, Hansen NS, Krogh-Madsen R, Pedersen BK, Petrovic N, Nielsen S, Scheele C. Heterogeneity in the perirenal region of humans suggests presence of dormant brown adipose tissue that contains brown fat precursor cells. Mol Metab 2019; 24:30-43. [PMID: 31079959 PMCID: PMC6531810 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Increasing the amounts of functionally competent brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has the potential to restore dysfunctional metabolism and counteract obesity. In this study, we aimed to characterize the human perirenal fat depot, and we hypothesized that there would be regional, within-depot differences in the adipose signature depending on local sympathetic activity. Methods We characterized fat specimens from four different perirenal regions of adult kidney donors, through a combination of qPCR mapping, immunohistochemical staining, RNA-sequencing, and pre-adipocyte isolation. Candidate gene signatures, separated by adipocyte morphology, were recapitulated in a murine model of unilocular brown fat induced by thermoneutrality and high fat diet. Results We identified widespread amounts of dormant brown adipose tissue throughout the perirenal depot, which was contrasted by multilocular BAT, primarily found near the adrenal gland. Dormant BAT was characterized by a unilocular morphology and a distinct gene expression profile, which partly overlapped with that of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT). Brown fat precursor cells, which differentiated into functional brown adipocytes were present in the entire perirenal fat depot, regardless of state. We identified SPARC as a candidate adipokine contributing to a dormant BAT state, and CLSTN3 as a novel marker for multilocular BAT. Conclusions We propose that perirenal adipose tissue in adult humans consists mainly of dormant BAT and provide a data set for future research on factors which can reactivate dormant BAT into active BAT, a potential strategy for combatting obesity and metabolic disease. Dormant brown adipose tissue (BAT) dominates the perirenal adipose depot of adult humans. Multilocular BAT accumulates adjacent to local sympathetic sources. Dormant BAT displays a transcriptomic signature distinct from multilocular BAT and white adipose tissue. Brown fat precursor cells are present in human dormant perirenal BAT. SPARC is associated with a dormant BAT phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naja Z Jespersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish PhD School of Molecular Metabolism, Odense, Denmark
| | - Amir Feizi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Oxford, Denmark
| | - Eline S Andersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Sarah Heywood
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Helle B Hattel
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Peijs
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Bagi
- Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ninna S Hansen
- Danish PhD School of Molecular Metabolism, Odense, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hansen NS, Hjort L, Broholm C, Gillberg L, Schrölkamp M, Schultz HS, Mortensen B, Jørgensen SW, Friedrichsen M, Wojtaszewski JFP, Pedersen BK, Vaag A. Metabolic and Transcriptional Changes in Cultured Muscle Stem Cells from Low Birth Weight Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2254-64. [PMID: 27003303 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Developmental programming of human muscle stem cells could in part explain why individuals born with low birth weight (LBW) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in life. We hypothesized that immature muscle stem cell functions including abnormal differentiation potential and metabolic function could link LBW with the risk of developing T2D. Design/Settings/Participants: We recruited 23 young men with LBW and 16 age-matched control subjects with normal birth weight. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, and muscle stem cells were isolated and cultured into fully differentiated myotubes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We studied glucose uptake, glucose transporters, insulin signaling, key transcriptional markers of myotube maturity, selected site-specific DNA methylation, and mitochondrial gene expression. RESULTS We found reduced glucose uptake as well as decreased levels of glucose transporter-1 and -4 mRNA and of the Akt substrate of 160-kDa mRNA and protein in myotubes from LBW individuals compared with normal birth weight individuals. The myogenic differentiation markers, myogenin and myosin heavy chain 1 and 2, were decreased during late differentiation in LBW myotubes. Additionally, mRNA levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 7A were reduced in LBW myotubes. Decreased gene expression was not explained by changes in DNA methylation levels. CONCLUSION We demonstrate transcriptional and metabolic alterations in cultured primary satellite cells isolated from LBW individuals after several cell divisions, pointing toward a retained intrinsic defect conserved in these myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna S Hansen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Hjort
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christa Broholm
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linn Gillberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maren Schrölkamp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heidi S Schultz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brynjulf Mortensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sine W Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Friedrichsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (N.S.H., L.H., C.B., L.G., M.S., S.W.J., A.V.), Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.S.H., L.H., A.V.) University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy (L.H.), 5000 Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center A/S (B.M., S.W.J.), 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; The August Center (M.F., J.F.P.W.), Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research (B.K.P.), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research (B.M.), Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Novo Nordisk A/S (H.S.S.), 2880 Copenhagen, Denmark
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