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El Atwani O, Vo HT, Tunes MA, Lee C, Alvarado A, Krienke N, Poplawsky JD, Kohnert AA, Gigax J, Chen WY, Li M, Wang YQ, Wróbel JS, Nguyen-Manh D, Baldwin JKS, Tukac OU, Aydogan E, Fensin S, Martinez E. Author Correction: A quinary WTaCrVHf nanocrystalline refractory high-entropy alloy withholding extreme irradiation environments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3490. [PMID: 37311813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O El Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - H T Vo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - M A Tunes
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - C Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - A Alvarado
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - N Krienke
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J D Poplawsky
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A A Kohnert
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J Gigax
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W-Y Chen
- Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemon, IL, USA
| | - M Li
- Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemon, IL, USA
| | - Y Q Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J S Wróbel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Nguyen-Manh
- Culham Center for Fusion Energy, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - J K S Baldwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - O U Tukac
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Aydogan
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Fensin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - E Martinez
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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El Atwani O, Vo HT, Tunes MA, Lee C, Alvarado A, Krienke N, Poplawsky JD, Kohnert AA, Gigax J, Chen WY, Li M, Wang YQ, Wróbel JS, Nguyen-Manh D, Baldwin JKS, Tukac OU, Aydogan E, Fensin S, Martinez E. A quinary WTaCrVHf nanocrystalline refractory high-entropy alloy withholding extreme irradiation environments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2516. [PMID: 37130885 PMCID: PMC10154406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest of new materials that can withstand severe irradiation and mechanical extremes for advanced applications (e.g. fission & fusion reactors, space applications, etc.), design, prediction and control of advanced materials beyond current material designs become paramount. Here, through a combined experimental and simulation methodology, we design a nanocrystalline refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) system. Compositions assessed under extreme environments and in situ electron-microscopy reveal both high thermal stability and radiation resistance. We observe grain refinement under heavy ion irradiation and resistance to dual-beam irradiation and helium implantation in the form of low defect generation and evolution, as well as no detectable grain growth. The experimental and modeling results-showing a good agreement-can be applied to design and rapidly assess other alloys subjected to extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O El Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - H T Vo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - M A Tunes
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - C Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - A Alvarado
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - N Krienke
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J D Poplawsky
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A A Kohnert
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J Gigax
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W-Y Chen
- Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemon, IL, USA
| | - M Li
- Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemon, IL, USA
| | - Y Q Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J S Wróbel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Nguyen-Manh
- Culham Center for Fusion Energy, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - J K S Baldwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - O U Tukac
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Aydogan
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Fensin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - E Martinez
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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La DD, Ngo HH, Nguyen DD, Tran NT, Vo HT, Nguyen XH, Chang SW, Chung WJ, Nguyen MDB. Advances and prospects of porphyrin-based nanomaterials via self-assembly for photocatalytic applications in environmental treatment. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Nguyen XS, Pham TD, Vo HT, Ngo KD. Photocatalytic degradation of cephalexin by g-C 3N 4/Zn doped Fe 3O 4 under visible light. Environ Technol 2021; 42:1292-1301. [PMID: 31496447 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1665110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported synthesis of a novel magnetically separable g-C3N4/Zn doped Fe3O4 composite (g-CN/ZnFe) by a simple polyol thermal method. The characteristics of the as-prepared composite was checked by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, PL technologies. The optimized weight ratio of g-C3N4 and Zn doped Fe3O4 was investigated. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of the composite products were checked by degradation of Cephalexin (CEX) under visible light. The results showed that g-CN/ZnFe composite with an added 20% g-C3N4 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for cephalexin under visible light irradiation. The improved photocatalytic activity of 20% g-CN/ZnFe can be ascribed to the low combination rate of photoinduced electron/hole pairs. Especially, g-CN/ZnFe can be recovered easily by using an external magnetic field and has the high stability after six runs. These properties of the g-CN/ZnFe as-prepared composite could be a promising photocatalyst for the degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sang Nguyen
- Environmental Institute, Viet Nam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Tien Dung Pham
- Environmental Institute, Viet Nam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Tung Vo
- Environmental Institute, Viet Nam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Kim Dinh Ngo
- Environmental Institute, Viet Nam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam
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La DD, Truong TN, Pham TQ, Vo HT, Tran NT, Nguyen TA, Nadda AK, Nguyen TT, Chang SW, Chung WJ, Nguyen DD. Scalable Fabrication of Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets as an Effective Additive for Engine Lubricant Oil. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10050877. [PMID: 32370058 PMCID: PMC7279219 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of nano-additives is widely recognized as a cheap and effective pathway to improve the performance of lubrication by minimizing the energy loss from friction and wear, especially in diesel engines. In this work, a simple and scalable protocol was proposed to fabricate a graphene additive to improve the engine lubricant oil. Graphene nanoplates (GNPs) were obtained by a one-step chemical exfoliation of natural graphite and were successfully modified with a surfactant and an organic compound to obtain a modified GNP additive, that can be facilely dispersed in lubricant oil. The GNPs and modified GNP additive were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared GNPs had wrinkled and crumpled structures with a diameter of 10–30 µm and a thickness of less than 15 nm. After modification, the GNP surfaces were uniformly covered with the organic compound. The addition of the modified GNP additive to the engine lubricant oil significantly enhanced the friction and antiwear performance. The highest reduction of 35% was determined for the wear scar diameter with a GNP additive concentration of approximately 0.05%. The mechanism for lubrication enhancement by graphene additives was also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Duc La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.T.); (T.Q.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.D.L.); (N.T.T.); or (D.D.N.); Tel.: +84-966-185368 (D.D.L.)
| | - Tuan Ngoc Truong
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.T.); (T.Q.P.)
| | - Thuan Q. Pham
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.N.T.); (T.Q.P.)
| | - Hoang Tung Vo
- Environmental Institute, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong city 180000, Vietnam;
| | - Nam The Tran
- Environmental Institute, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong city 180000, Vietnam;
- Correspondence: (D.D.L.); (N.T.T.); or (D.D.N.); Tel.: +84-966-185368 (D.D.L.)
| | - Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Advanced Nanomaterial Lab, Applied Nano Technology Jsc., Xuan La, Tay Ho, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat 173215, India;
| | - Thanh Tung Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - S. Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea; (S.W.C.); (W.J.C.)
| | - W. Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea; (S.W.C.); (W.J.C.)
| | - D. Duc Nguyen
- Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.D.L.); (N.T.T.); or (D.D.N.); Tel.: +84-966-185368 (D.D.L.)
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Jadhav RW, La DD, More VG, Tung Vo H, Nguyen DA, Tran DL, Bhosale SV. Self-assembled kanamycin antibiotic-inorganic microflowers and their application as a photocatalyst for the removal of organic dyes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:154. [PMID: 31932614 PMCID: PMC6957687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of hybrid three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructures via self-assembly of organic and inorganic compounds have recently attracted immense interest from scientists due to their unique properties and promise in a large range of applications. In this article, hybrid flower structures were successfully constructed by self-assembly an antibiotic, kanamycin, with Cu2+. The flower-like morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, to be approximately 4 µm in diameter and about 10 nm in thickness. FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the antibiotic-inorganic hybrid structure was uniform composition, and showed crystallinity due to ordered self-assembly. The hybrid flowers showed high photocatalytic activity towards degradation of methyl blue during 240 minutes under visible light irradiation. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic activity was also proposed, that exposes the inherent advantages in using antibiotic-inorganic hybrid flowers as photocatalysts, where self-assembly can be used to generate active, high surface area structures for photodegradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan W Jadhav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India
| | - Duong Duc La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vishal G More
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India
| | - Hoang Tung Vo
- Environmental Institute, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong city, Vietnam
| | | | - Dai Lam Tran
- Institute of Tropical Engineering, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India.
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Vo HT, Cho JY, Choi YE, Choi YS, Jeong YH. Kinetic study for the optimization of ginsenoside Rg3 production by heat treatment of ginsenoside Rb1. J Ginseng Res 2015; 39:304-13. [PMID: 26869822 PMCID: PMC4593791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenoside Rg3 is a promising anticancer agent. It is usually produced by heat treatment of ginseng, in which ginsenoside Rb1 is the major ginsenoside. A kinetic study was conducted to optimize ginsenoside Rg3 production by the heat treatment of ginsenoside Rb1. METHODS Ginsenoside Rb1 was heated using an isothermal machine at 80°C and 100°C and analyzed using HPLC. The kinetic parameters were calculated from the experimental results. The activation energy was estimated and used to simulate the process. The optimized parameters of ginsenoside Rg3 production are suggested based on the simulation. RESULTS The rate constants were 0.013 h(-1) and 0.073 h(-1) for the degradation of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 at 80°C, respectively. The corresponding rate constants at 100°C were 0.045 h(-1) and 0.155 h(-1). The estimated activation energies of degradation of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 were 69.2 kJ/mol and 40.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The rate constants at different temperatures were evaluated using the estimated activation energies, and the kinetic profiles of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 at each temperature were simulated based on the proposed kinetic model of consecutive reaction. The optimum strategies for producing ginsenoside Rg3 from ginsenoside Rb1 are suggested based on the simulation. With increased temperature, a high concentration of ginsenoside Rg3 is formed rapidly. However, the concentration decreases quickly after the reaching the maximal concentration value. CONCLUSION The optimum temperature for producing ginsenoside Rg3 should be the highest temperature technically feasible below 180°C, in consideration of the cooling time. The optimum reaction time for heat treatment is 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Tung Vo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong-Eui Choi
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ho Jeong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Vo HT, Cho JY, Ham HJ, Hur JH, Choi YE, Jeong YH. WITHDRAWN: Antiproliferative activity of Panax vietnamensis ginseng decoction products in HeLa cells. J Ginseng Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ortiz GM, Wellons M, Brancato J, Vo HT, Zinn RL, Clarkson DE, Van Loon K, Bonhoeffer S, Miralles GD, Montefiori D, Bartlett JA, Nixon DF. Structured antiretroviral treatment interruptions in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13288-93. [PMID: 11687611 PMCID: PMC60863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.221452198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The risks and benefits of structured treatment interruption (STI) in HIV-1-infected subjects are not fully understood. A pilot study was performed to compare STI with continuous highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in chronic HIV-1-infected subjects with HIV-1 plasma RNA levels (VL) <400 copies per ml and CD4(+) T cells >400 per microl. CD4(+) T cells, VL, HIV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-gamma-producing HIV-1-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells were measured in all subjects. STIs of 1-month duration separated by 1 month of HAART, before a final 3-month STI, resulted in augmented CD8(+) T cell responses in all eight STI subjects (P = 0.003), maintained while on HAART up to 22 weeks after STI, and augmented neutralization titers to autologous HIV-1 isolate in one of eight subjects. However, significant decline of CD4(+) T cell count from pre-STI level, and VL rebound to pre-HAART baseline, occurred during STI (P = 0.001 and 0.34, respectively). CD4(+) T cell counts were regained on return to HAART. Control subjects (n = 4) maintained VL <400 copies per ml and stable CD4(+) T cell counts, and showed no enhancement of antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses. Despite increases in antiviral immunity, no control of VL was observed. Future studies of STI should proceed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Ortiz
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100, USA.
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Montefiori DC, Hill TS, Vo HT, Walker BD, Rosenberg ES. Neutralizing antibodies associated with viremia control in a subset of individuals after treatment of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 2001; 75:10200-7. [PMID: 11581388 PMCID: PMC114594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.21.10200-10207.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediate treatment of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been associated with subsequent control of viremia in a subset of patients after therapy cessation, but the immune responses contributing to control have not been fully defined. Here we examined neutralizing antibodies as a correlate of viremia control following treatment interruption in HIV-1-infected individuals in whom highly active antiretriviral therapy (HAART) was initiated during early seroconversion and who remained on therapy for 1 to 3 years. Immediately following treatment interruption, neutralizing antibodies were undetectable with T-cell-line adapted strains and the autologous primary HIV-1 isolate in seven of nine subjects. Env- and Gag-specific antibodies as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also low or undetectable at this time. Despite this apparent poor maturation of the virus-specific B-cell response during HAART, autologous neutralizing antibodies emerged rapidly and correlated with a spontaneous downregulation in rebound viremia following treatment interruption in three subjects. Control of rebound viremia was seen in other subjects in the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies. The results indicate that virus-specific B-cell priming occurs despite the early institution of HAART, allowing rapid secondary neutralizing-antibody production following treatment interruption in a subset of individuals. Since early HAART limits viral diversification, we hypothesize that potent neutralizing-antibody responses to autologous virus are able to mature and that in some persons these responses contribute to the control of plasma viremia after treatment cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Montefiori DC, Safrit JT, Lydy SL, Barry AP, Bilska M, Vo HT, Klein M, Tartaglia J, Robinson HL, Rovinski B. Induction of neutralizing antibodies and gag-specific cellular immune responses to an R5 primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in rhesus macaques. J Virol 2001; 75:5879-90. [PMID: 11390589 PMCID: PMC114303 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.13.5879-5890.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate antibodies that cross-neutralize diverse primary isolates is an important goal for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development. Most of the candidate HIV-1 vaccines tested in humans and nonhuman primates have failed in this regard. Past efforts have focused almost entirely on the envelope glycoproteins of a small number of T-cell line-adapted strains of the virus as immunogens. Here we assessed the immunogenicity of noninfectious virus-like particles (VLP) consisting of Gag, Pro (protease), and Env from R5 primary isolate HIV-1(Bx08). Immunogens were delivered to rhesus macaques in the form of either purified VLP, recombinant DNA and canarypox (ALVAC) vectors engineered to express VLP, or a combination of these products. Seroconversion to Gag and Pro was detected in all of the immunized animals. Antibodies that could neutralize HIV-1(Bx08) were detected in animals that received (i) coinoculations with DNA(Bx08) and VLP(Bx08), (ii) DNA(Bx08) followed by ALVAC(Bx08) boosting, and (iii) VLP(Bx08) alone. The neutralizing antibodies were highly strain specific despite the fact that they did not appear to be directed to linear epitopes in the V3 loop. Virus-specific cellular immune responses also were generated, as judged by the presence of Gag-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing cells. These cellular immune responses required the inclusion of DNA(Bx08) in the immunization modality, since few or no IFN-gamma-producing cells were detected in animals that received either VLP(Bx08) or ALVAC(Bx08) alone. The results demonstrate the feasibility of generating neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses that target an R5 primary HIV-1 isolate by vaccination in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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