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Contribution of CSF cytology in the diagnostic work-up of breast cancer patients with neurological symptoms: a retrospective analysis over two decades. J Neurooncol 2012; 107:581-9. [PMID: 22215233 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of cytological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnostic work-up of breast cancer patients who present with neurological symptoms suspected for central nervous system (CNS) metastases. In the period 1989-2009, a total of 81 patients with breast cancer underwent CSF cytological examination. Relevant tumour characteristics, clinical presentation and radiological findings were scored. The CSF cytological diagnosis was classified according to the 1996 NCI-sponsored conference approach as malignant, suspicious for malignancy, atypical, benign or inadequate. During the course of 20 years, 145 CSF cytological examinations were performed. Relatively common neurological symptoms resulting in cytological CSF examination were headache (n = 25), nausea and vomiting (n = 19), sensory disturbances (n = 16), and cranial nerve dysfunction (n = 16). Of these, headache and nausea/vomiting were most often associated with malignant cells in the CSF (CSF(+)) (in 48 and 53% of the cases, respectively). The 4 patients with both headache and confusion/altered mental status all had CSF(+). In 10 patients, CSF(+) was found despite the absence of radiological evidence for metastasis in/around the CNS. In our series, repeated CSF analysis appeared to have limited additional value, and CSF(+) was strongly correlated with shorter survival. A substantial number of patients with neurological symptoms but without radiological abnormalities can have CSF(+). In our series, the additional value of repeated cytological examination of CSF was limited. Our study underscores the value of CSF cytology as a tool for the unequivocal diagnosis of metastatic spread of breast cancer to the CNS, and confirms that CSF(+) is a strong predictor of poor survival.
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The influence of water temperature on induced liver EROD activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to crude oil and oil dispersants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:904-910. [PMID: 21239060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Atlantic cod were exposed to either the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) or the chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction (CEWAF) of Mediterranean South American (MESA), a medium grade crude oil at three different temperatures. Two concentrations of each mixture were tested, 0.2% and 1.0% (v/v) at 2, 7 and 10°C. Corexit 9500 was the chemical dispersant tested. The liver enzyme ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) was measured during a 72-h exposure. The WAF of oil had significant (P<0.05) effect on enzyme activity compared to controls at only one sampling time: 48 h at 10°C. Exposure of CEWAF of oil resulted in significantly (P<0.05) elevated EROD activity compared to controls. The level of EROD induction was temperature related with higher induction being observed in cod exposed to CEWAF at higher temperatures. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in exposure water were significantly higher in chemically dispersed mixtures. While PAH concentrations were lower in the 2°C water compared to 7 or 10°C (8.7 vs 11.9 μg mL(-1)), the level of EROD induction was approximately 9 and 12 times lower at 2°C compared to 7 or 10°C, respectively, suggesting the metabolic rate of the cod plays a role in the enzyme response. These data suggest the risk of negative impacts associated with exposure to chemically dispersed oil may be affected by water temperature and that risk assessment of potential effects of WAF or CEWAF should consider the effects of water temperature on the physiology of the fish as well as the effectiveness of dispersants.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the impact of smoking cessation on health-related quality of life may be important in encouraging smokers to quit. We determined whether the difference in quality of life between ex- and current smokers is influenced by amount of smoking or time since quitting. METHODS Data were collected within a cross-sectional study among a random sample of the general population in The Netherlands. Health-related quality of life was measured with the RAND-36 questionnaire (adapted from SF-36). Smoking behavior was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. Adjusted differences in quality of life scores between ex- and current smokers were tested with multivariate analysis of variance, among 9,660 men and women aged 20-59 years, without history of tobacco-related chronic diseases. RESULTS Ex-smokers reported significantly higher quality of life scores than current smokers. This was more pronounced for mental health, especially for role functioning limitations due to emotional problems (difference 6.5 points; P < 0.0001), than for physical health dimensions. Differences were generally larger between ex- and current heavy smokers than between ex- and current light or moderate smokers (P trend <0.05 when ex-smokers had quit <5 or > or =10 years ago). No significant trend was observed with time since quitting. CONCLUSIONS Generally, the higher the amount of smoking, the higher were quality of life differences between ex- and current smokers.
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Prevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity in elderly male populations and their impact on 10-year all-cause mortality: The FINE study (Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Elderly). J Clin Epidemiol 2001; 54:680-6. [PMID: 11438408 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Older males are known to carry, more likely than younger people, one or more chronic diseases with an expected impact on mortality. This study was aimed at identifying the relationship of prevalent chronic diseases in elderly populations of different countries with all-cause mortality. Men aged 65-84 from defined areas were enrolled in Finland (N=716), the Netherlands (N=887) and Italy (N=682). They were survivors of cohorts studied for 25 years within the Seven Countries Study. Major chronic diseases were diagnosed at entry. Ten-year follow-up for mortality was completed. Entry prevalence of selected chronic diseases was higher in Finland (56%) than in Italy (51%) and the Netherlands (44%). Ten-year age-adjusted death rates from all causes were higher in Finland (565 per 1000) and lower in the Netherlands (478 per 1000) and Italy (445 per 1000). The absolute risk of death related to chronic disease was high in the three countries, but was higher in Finland than in the Netherlands and Italy. The most lethal condition was stroke, with 10-year death rates of 806 per 1000 in Finland and 707 and 729 per 1000 in the Netherlands and Italy, respectively. The relative risk of all-cause mortality for a set of seven chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, heart failure, claudicatio intermittens, cerebrovascular accidents, diabetes, COPD and cancer) adjusted by age, other diseases and cohort was less than two for each condition, except cerebrovascular accidents in the Netherlands (RR 2.20). In general, relative risk was higher in Finland, intermediate in the Netherlands and lower in Italy, where only cerebrovascular accidents, intermittent claudication, diabetes and the presence of any chronic condition had a significant relative risk. About one third of men had one chronic disease, and between 10% and 15% had two diseases. The coexistence of any two or three chronic conditions was associated with a relative risk of 2 or more in Finland and the Netherlands and less than 2 in Italy. In these elderly men prevalent morbidity and comorbidity was relatively common and it explained a large proportion of excess in all-cause mortality in 10 years of follow-up.
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Cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year all-cause mortality in elderly European male populations; the FINE study. Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Elderly. Eur Heart J 2001; 22:573-9. [PMID: 11259144 DOI: 10.1053/euhj.2000.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine cardiovascular risk factors in relation to all-cause mortality in elderly populations of different European countries. METHODS Men aged 65--84 years from defined administrative areas were enrolled in Finland (rural areas of east and west Finland; n=716), in the Netherlands (the town of Zutphen; n=887), and in Italy (the rural areas of Crevalcore and Montegiorgio; n=682). Ten-year all-cause mortality was studied in relation to measurements taken at entry: age, systolic blood pressure, HDL- and non-HDL-cholesterol, body mass index, heart rate and smoking habits. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with all-cause mortality as the end-point. RESULTS Ten-year death rates from all causes were higher in Finland (574 per 1000), lower in the Netherlands (475 per 1000), and Italy (466 per 1000). Age, heart rate and smoking in all three countries were independently associated with 10-year all-cause mortality. Non-HDL-cholesterol was not related with all-cause mortality. The observed associations between HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and all-cause mortality were dependent on the in- or exclusions of early death. CONCLUSION In these elderly men only age, smoking habits and heart rate were consistently associated with all-cause mortality.
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The association of silent electrocardiographic findings with coronary deaths among elderly men in three European countries. The FINE study. Acta Cardiol 2001; 56:27-36. [PMID: 11315121 DOI: 10.2143/ac.56.1.2005590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ten-year coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in elderly male cohorts in three European countries was evaluated as a function of silent resting Minnesota Code electrocardiographic (ECG) findings found at baseline. METHODS AND RESULTS Men aged 65-84 at entry were enrolled, examined and followed up for 10 years in 5 cohorts of three countries: Finland (N=716), the Netherlands (N= 887), and Italy (N = 682). Men with symptomatic angina pectoris, a documented history of myocardial infarction or heart failure were excluded from analysis, leaving 505 men in Finland, 713 in the Netherlands and 567 in Italy. ECG abnormalities were arranged in different groupings. Multivariate analyses adjusted ECG prediction of CHD mortality for cohort, and baseline age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, body mass index and cigarette smoking. RESULTS Silent ECG abnormalities of presumed severity were found in more than half of these elderly men, with higher prevalence in Finland, compared to the other two countries. Adjusted hazards ratios for CHD deaths as a function of major single or combined ECG abnormalities, such as QQS and ST-T abnormalities, arrhythmia, definite and possible myocardial infarction and an operative definition of ischaemia, are generally similar across areas varying according to severity from around 1.5 to almost 4. Groupings of minor and major ECG abnormalities in the pooled countries gave significant relative risks of 1.79 and 3.12 respectively, compared to the group without or with marginal abnormalities. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were low, while specificity was high. CONCLUSIONS Silent ECG abnormalities in elderly people are common and they carry a high risk of coronary death in the next 10 years, with relative risk ranging from around 1.5 to almost 4 or more depending upon severity and combination of findings.
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Abstract
In Ashkenazi (East European) Jews, three predominant mutations in BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) and BRCA2 (6174delT) account for the majority of germline mutations in high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer families. Among non-Ashkenazi Jews, the 185delAG, Tyr978Ter, and a handful of "private" mutations have been reported anecdotally within both genes. In this study we attempted to determine the spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in high-risk Jewish individuals, non-carriers of any of the predominant Jewish mutations. We employed multiplex PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis for BRCA2, and combined denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and protein truncation test (PTT) for BRCA1, complemented by DNA sequencing. We screened 47 high-risk Jewish individuals, 26 Ashkenazis, and 21 non-Ashkenazis. Overall, 13 sequence alterations in BRCA1 and eight in BRCA2 were detected: nine neutral polymorphisms and 12 missense mutations, including five novel ones. The novel missense mutations did not co-segregate with disease in BRCA1 and were detected at rates of 6.25% to 52.5% in the general population for BRCA2. Our findings suggest that except for the predominant mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Jewish individuals, there are only a handful of pathogenic mutations within these genes. It may imply novel genes may underlie inherited susceptibility to breast/ovarian cancer in Jewish individuals.
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Role of smoking and diet in the cross-cultural variation in lung-cancer mortality: the Seven Countries Study. Seven Countries Study Research Group. Int J Cancer 2000; 88:665-71. [PMID: 11058887 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20001115)88:4<665::aid-ijc23>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of smoking and diet in the cross-cultural variation in lung-cancer mortality, using aggregated data of the Seven Countries Study, a follow-up study comprising 12,763 middle-aged men in 16 cohorts in Europe, the United States and Japan, which started around 1960. Smoking habits were assessed with a standardised questionnaire. Dietary intake was collected in random sub-samples of each cohort by the dietary record method. Cohort-specific 25-year lung-cancer mortality among all men and among categories of smoking behaviour was related to smoking prevalence and population average dietary intake, respectively, using Poisson regression. Smoking prevalence was positively associated with lung-cancer mortality [risk ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.07, for an increase of 10 percentage points]. Lung-cancer mortality among smokers, which varied significantly among cultures, was positively associated with average fat intake, especially saturated fat intake (rate ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17, for an increase of 4.6 g) but not with unsaturated fat intake. Average fruit and vegetable intake were not related to lung-cancer mortality. Among never-smokers, the power to detect associations was low. In conclusion, both smoking prevalence and average fat intake, especially saturated fat, may play a role in the cross-cultural variation in lung-cancer mortality, either independently or by effect modification.
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Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small, familial supernumerary ring chromosome 7 associated with mental retardation and an abnormal phenotype. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 92:147-52. [PMID: 10797441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A family is described in which a mother and two of her children were mosaic for a small supernumerary ring chromosome. As the origin of the ring chromosome could not be determined by routine cytogenetic studies, fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed, which indicated that the ring chromosome was derived from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 7. Further characterization with a YAC-probe showed the involvement of the proximal q-arm of chromosome 7. Both sibs had speech difficulties and were mildly mentally retarded whereas the mother's intelligence was at the lower end of the normal range. They all had an unusual face, characterized by a flat profile, short forehead, downslant of the palpebral fissures, high and broad nasal bridge, simply formed ears, and prognathia. This is the second report of a small supernumerary ring chromosome derived from the pericentromeric region of chromosome 7, and the described clinical phenotype differs from that delineated in the previous report.
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The impact of smoking on future pancreatic cancer: a computer simulation. Ann Oncol 1999; 10 Suppl 4:74-8. [PMID: 10436790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the impact of several smoking cessation-based scenarios on future pancreatic cancer incidence in the European Union by means of computer simulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among other data, published data on pancreatic cancer incidence rate and smoking prevalence in ten member states of the European Union, and on the relative risk of smoking were entered into a simulation model. Four different scenarios were simulated: one reference scenario, one based on theoretically maximal smoking reduction and two feasible scenarios based on WHO's Health for All targets. In each scenario, pancreatic cancer incidence was computed from 1994 up to the year 2020. Results were extrapolated to the European Union as a whole. RESULTS When the percentage of smokers remains unchanged, 627,000 and 588,000 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer cases among males and females respectively will arise in the European Union up to 2020. Theoretically, if all smokers would give up smoking instantly, this number can be reduced by 133,000 cases among men and 43,000 cases among women. In more feasible scenarios up to 35,500 male and 32,500 female pancreatic cancer cases can be prevented. CONCLUSION Giving up smoking substantially reduces future burden of pancreatic cancer up to almost 68,000 patients in the European Union up to the year 2020.
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Impaired sensory functioning in elders: the relation with its potential determinants and nutritional intake. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999; 54:B324-31. [PMID: 10496538 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/54.8.b324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the relation of an impaired taste and smell perception with (a) potential determinants and (b) nutritional intake and status in elderly people. Determinants examined were age, gender, functional category (institutionalized vs independently living), dental state, illnesses, smoking behavior, drug usage, and saliva excretion and composition. Nutritional intake and status were measured by an "appetite and hunger" questionnaire, a food frequency questionnaire, and body mass index (BMI). In order to have access to a large heterogeneous group, two different categories of elderly people were studied. We enrolled independently living elders (n=89) assumed to have a relatively good taste and smell perception, and institutionalized elders (n=67) with a potential poorer taste and smell perception. Scores at the smell identification (range: 0-10) and taste perception (range: 0-4) test were, respectively, 5.7 (independently living) versus 3.5 (institutionalized); p < .0001 and 3.3 versus 3.0; p < .05. Correlation between smell test scores and outcomes of the "appetite and hunger" questionnaire ranged from r: .19 to .50; p values < .05. There was, however, no clear correlation of any sensory outcome with energy and food intake, nor with BMI. Regression analyses revealed that age and the functional category were the most important determinants of the scores on the taste perception and smell identification tests. It is concluded that a poor performance on sensory tests is related to a poor appetite but not necessarily to low energy intake or low BMI. Age-related factors and smoking are important determinants of impaired sensory functioning.
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Cigarette smoking and mortality risk: twenty-five-year follow-up of the Seven Countries Study. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1999; 159:733-40. [PMID: 10218754 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.159.7.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most observations in the Seven Countries Study suggest that cigarette smoking is harmful for health, universality of this conclusion remains controversial. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cohort-specific and pooled smoking habits at baseline (1957-1964) in 12 763 men aged 40 through 59 years living in Europe, the United States, and Japan in relation to 25-year mortality follow-up. Pooled hazard ratios for smokers vs never smokers were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for baseline country of residence, age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and clinical cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Adjusted hazard ratios for all-causes death in smokers compared with never smokers were 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.4) for smokers of less than 10 cigarettes per day and 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-1.9) for smokers of 10 cigarettes per day or more. Hazard ratios were elevated for death due to coronary heart disease, all stroke, other arterial disease, lung cancer, other cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other disease in smokers compared with never smokers. Within country, a few instances in which never smokers had a higher cause-specific death rate than smokers of 10 cigarettes per day or more were attributable to random variation associated with low prevalence of never smokers and multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the association of cigarette smoking with elevated risk of mortality from all causes, several cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Risk associated with cigarette smoking is independent of culture.
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Repeated passive stretching: acute effect on the passive muscle moment and extensibility of short hamstrings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80:407-14. [PMID: 10206602 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the response of short hamstring muscles to repeated passive stretching. DESIGN A repeated measures design. SETTING A university laboratory for human movement analysis in a department of rehabilitation. SUBJECTS Students (7 men, 10 women) from the Department of Human Movement Sciences. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The lift force, range of motion, pelvic-femoral angle, first sensation of pain, and electromyogram of the hamstrings were measured. RESULTS Comparison of the data of the test group (n = 17) after five successive passive stretch tests by means of an instrumental straight-leg raising test showed no significant change of the variables passive muscle stiffness and extensibility (p>.05). CONCLUSION The acute effect of repeated passive stretching of short hamstring muscles is negligible. With an instrumental straight-leg raising test, the relevant muscle variables can be examined noninvasively.
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Working Group on Epidemiology and Prevention of the European Society of Cardiology. Shannon, May 14-17, 1998. Abstracts. Ir J Med Sci 1998; 167 Suppl 7:1-35. [PMID: 9827492 DOI: 10.1007/bf02937278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The significance of the Fc part of antispermatozoal antibodies for the shaking phenomenon in the sperm-cervical mucus contact test. Fertil Steril 1981; 36:792-7. [PMID: 7308524 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Donor spermatozoa with good motility were pretreated with four sera containing high titers of sperm-agglutinating IgG, one serum without sperm-agglutinating activity, the IgG fractions from these five sera, F(ab)2 and Fragment antigen binding (Fab) fragments from these sera and from the IgG fractions, and one seminal plasma sample with a high titer of sperm-agglutinating IgA. With mixed antiglobulin reaction tests the percentage of motile pretreated spermatozoa sensitized with IgG Fab or IgG Fragment crystalline (Fc) parts was determined. Spermatozoa sensitized with intact antispermatozoal IgG showed a strong reduction in their capacity to penetrate cervical mucus. The reduction of the penetration capacity was determined by estimation of the percentage of motile spermatozoa rapidly shaking (S%) in the sperm-cervical mucus contact (SCMC) test. Removal of the Fc parts resulted in a decreased S%. Treatment of spermatozoa, on which Fab fragments were present, with intact antibodies to IgG Fab fragments, resulted in a recurrence of a high S%. A decrease of the S% was also found if Fab fragments from antibodies to IgG Fc fragments were added to spermatozoa sensitized with intact antispermatozoal IgG. Similarly, it was found that a decrease of the S% occurred when IgA sensitized spermatozoa were treated with Fab fragments from antibodies to human IgA. In the sperm penetration meter test the IgA sensitized spermatozoa treated with Fab fragments from anti-human IgA antibodies showed a better penetration than untreated IgA-sensitized spermatozoa.
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Induction of the shaking phenomenon by pretreatment of spermatozoa with sera containing antispermatozoal antibodies. Fertil Steril 1981; 36:784-91. [PMID: 7308523 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sera containing sperm-agglutinating and/or complement-dependent sperm-immobilizing activity were tested for their ability to induce a shaking phenomenon in the sperm-cervical mucus contact (SCMC) test. Donor spermatozoa were treated with the sera in a one-step incubation and washing procedure. The percentage of motile pretreated spermatozoa showing the shaking phenomenon (S%) was determined in the SCMC test. In addition, the immunoglobulin class of antibodies present on the pretreated spermatozoa was determined in mixed antiglobulin reaction tests for IgG, IgM, and IgA. An S% of at least 80 was always observed with spermatozoa pretreated in sera with a sperm agglutination titer of at least 32, provided that IgG was detected on more than 90% of the motile spermatozoa. The high S% was also obtained with spermatozoa pretreated in purified IgG from sera containing antispermatozoal antibody activity. It was concluded that the reduced cervical mucus penetration capacity of spermatozoa pretreated with sera containing antispermatozoal IgG could be ascribed, at least partially, to the occurrence of a shaking phenomenon.
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Lymphokines in sensitized rats. III. Influence of prednisolone treatment of lymph node and spleen architecture in sensitized rats and upon MIF release in vitro. Cell Immunol 1977; 31:85-97. [PMID: 326419 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Expermental glomerulonephritis in the rat induced by antibodies directed against tubular antigens. III. In vitro evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses against immune complexes influenced by immunosuppressive therapy. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND APPLIED IMMUNOLOGY 1977; 54:405-13. [PMID: 328407 DOI: 10.1159/000231855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) as evaluated by in vitro migration inhibition assays an in vivo delayed type skin reactions in experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis (ECGN) was studied as well as the effect of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs on these immune responses. In glomerulonephritic rats MIF production as well as delayed type skin reactions could be demonstrated directed against tubular brushborder antigen (Fx1A) containing immune complexes or to their constituents (FX1A or rabbit IgG). Treatment of the animals with immunosuppressive drugs during settled disease state (autologous phase) abolished these cellular immune reactions. However, neither the glomerular depositions of rat IgG associated with the autologous phase, nor the urinary excretion was influenced. When treatment of the animals was started simultaneously with the induction of the ECGN both cellular and humoral immune responses as well as proteinuria were affected. It was concluded that although in this glomerulonephritis model specific MIF response after specific stimulation in vitro as well as DTH reactions could be detected against immune complexes or their constituents, these immune reactions seem not to play important role in this ECGN in particular with respect to the proteinuria.
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Aspects of ketogenesis: control and mechanism of ketone-body formation in isolated rat-liver mitochondria. Mol Cell Biochem 1975; 9:155-73. [PMID: 1196305 DOI: 10.1007/bf01751311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ketone bodies by intact isolated rat-liver mitochondria has been studied at varying rates of acetyl-CoA production and of acetyl-CoA utilization in the Krebs cycle. Factors which enhanced the rate of acetyl-CoA production caused an increase in the fraction of acetyl-CoA which was incorporated into ketone bodies. On the other hand, it was found that factors which stimulated the formation of citrate lowered the relative rate of ketogenesis. It is concluded that acetyl-CoA is preferentially used for citrate synthesis, if the level of oxaloacetate in the mitochondrial matrix space is adequate. The intramitochondrial level of oxaloacetate, which is determined by the malate concentration and the ratio of NADH over NAD+, is the main factor controlling the rate of citrate synthesis. The ATP/ADP ratio per se does not affect the activity of citrate synthase in this in vitro system. Ketogenesis can be described as an overflow of acetyl-groups: Ketone-body formation is stimulated only when the rate of acetyl-CoA production increases beyond the capacity for citrate synthesis. The interaction between fatty acid oxidation and pyruvate metabolism and the effects of long-chain acyl-CoA on mitochondrial metabolism are discussed. Ketone bodies which were generated during the oxidation of [1-14C] fatty acids were preferentially labelled in their carboxyl group. This carboxyl group had the same specific activity as the acetyl-CoA pool, whereas the specific activity of the acetone moiety of acetoacetate was much lower, especially at low rates of ketone-body formation. The activities of acetoacetyl-CoA deacylase and the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) pathway were compared in soluble and mitochondrial fractions of rat- and cow-liver in different ketotic states. In rat-liver mitochondria, both pathways of acetoacetate synthesis were stimulated upon starvation or in alloxan diabetes. In cow liver, only the HMG-CoA pathway was increased during ketosis in the mitochondrial as well as in the soluble fraction.
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Regulation of lipolysis in bovine adipose tissue by the degree of saturation of plasma albumin with fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 306:42-50. [PMID: 4703574 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(73)90206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Determination of acetyl coenzyme A. Interference by a contaminant in malate dehydrogenase. J Lipid Res 1972; 13:552-4. [PMID: 4339342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrophotometric determinations of acetyl CoA with malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase are likely to overestimate the amount of acetyl CoA in solutions containing acetoacetyl CoA, since commercial preparations of malate dehydrogenase may contain thiolase.
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Concentration and composition of plasma free fatty acids in cattle at partus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR TIERPHYSIOLOGIE, TIERERNAHRUNG UND FUTTERMITTELKUNDE 1971; 27:190-2. [PMID: 5103643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1970.tb00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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The effect of linseed oil added to the diet of cows on the fatty acid composition of rumen contents and blood. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR TIERPHYSIOLOGIE, TIERERNAHRUNG UND FUTTERMITTELKUNDE 1971; 27:125-34. [PMID: 5108135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1970.tb00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sugar fermentation characteristics, antibiotic sensitivity and fatty acid composition of Streptococcus bovis. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1969; 16:731-7. [PMID: 5394202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1969.tb00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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