1
|
Schatz S, Willnow L, Winkels M, Rosengarten JF, Theek B, Johnston ICD, Stitz J. Generation of Antibodies Selectively Recognizing Epitopes in a Formaldehyde-Fixed Cell-Surface Antigen Using Virus-like Particle Display and Hybridoma Technology. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 37753971 PMCID: PMC10525569 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient induction of target-specific antibodies can be elicited upon immunization with highly immunogenic virus-like particles (VLPs) decorated with desired membrane-anchored target antigens (Ags). However, for example, for diagnostic purposes, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are required to enable the histological examination of formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy tissue samples. Aiming at the generation of FFPE-antigen-specific mAbs and as a proof of concept (POC), we first established a simplified protocol using only formaldehyde and 90 °C heat fixation (FF90) of cells expressing the target Ag nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR). The FF90 procedure was validated using flow cytometric analysis and two mAbs recognizing either the native and FFPE-Ag or exclusively the native Ag. C-terminally truncated NGFR (trNGFR)-displaying native and FF90-treated VLPs derived from HIV-1 did not reveal distinctive changes in particle morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Mice were subsequently repetitively immunized with trNGFR-decorated FF90-VLPs and hybridoma technology was used to establish mAb-producing cell clones. In multiple screening rounds, nine cell clones were identified producing mAbs distinctively recognizing epitopes in FF90- and FFPE-NGFR. This POC of a new methodology should foster the future generation of mAbs selectively targeting FFPE-fixed cell-surface Ags.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schatz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Calinstrasse 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Willnow
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Monika Winkels
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jamila Franca Rosengarten
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Calinstrasse 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Theek
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Ian C. D. Johnston
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jörn Stitz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Campusplatz 1, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pfeifer R, Al Rawashdeh W, Brauner J, Martinez-Osuna M, Lock D, Herbel C, Eckardt D, Assenmacher M, Bosio A, Hardt OT, Johnston ICD. Targeting Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 4 (SSEA-4) in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by CAR T Cells Results in Unexpected on Target/off Tumor Toxicities in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119184. [PMID: 37298141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the paucity of targetable antigens, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenging subtype of breast cancer to treat. In this study, we developed and evaluated a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based treatment modality for TNBC by targeting stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4), a glycolipid whose overexpression in TNBC has been correlated with metastasis and chemoresistance. To delineate the optimal CAR configuration, a panel of SSEA-4-specific CARs containing alternative extracellular spacer domains was constructed. The different CAR constructs mediated antigen-specific T cell activation characterized by degranulation of T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and killing of SSEA-4-expressing target cells, but the extent of this activation differed depending on the length of the spacer region. Adoptive transfer of the CAR-engineered T cells into mice with subcutaneous TNBC xenografts mediated a limited antitumor effect but induced severe toxicity symptoms in the cohort receiving the most bioactive CAR variant. We found that progenitor cells in the lung and bone marrow express SSEA-4 and are likely co-targeted by the CAR T cells. Thus, this study has revealed serious adverse effects that raise safety concerns for SSEA-4-directed CAR therapies because of the risk of eliminating vital cells with stem cell properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pfeifer
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Bosio
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Olaf T Hardt
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schäfer D, Henze J, Pfeifer R, Schleicher A, Brauner J, Mockel-Tenbrinck N, Barth C, Gudert D, Al Rawashdeh W, Johnston ICD, Hardt O. A Novel Siglec-4 Derived Spacer Improves the Functionality of CAR T Cells Against Membrane-Proximal Epitopes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1704. [PMID: 32849600 PMCID: PMC7426717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A domain that is often neglected in the assessment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) functionality is the extracellular spacer module. However, several studies have elucidated that membrane proximal epitopes are best targeted through CARs comprising long spacers, while short spacer CARs exhibit highest activity on distal epitopes. This finding can be explained by the requirement to have an optimal distance between the effector T cell and target cell. Commonly used long spacer domains are the CH2-CH3 domains of IgG molecules. However, CARs containing these spacers generally show inferior in vivo efficacy in mouse models compared to their observed in vitro activity, which is linked to unspecific Fcγ-Receptor binding and can be abolished by mutating the respective regions. Here, we first assessed a CAR therapy targeting membrane proximal CD20 using such a modified long IgG1 spacer. However, despite these mutations, this construct failed to unfold its observed in vitro cytotoxic potential in an in vivo model, while a shorter but less structured CD8α spacer CAR showed complete tumor clearance. Given the shortage of well-described long spacer domains with a favorable functionality profile, we designed a novel class of CAR spacers with similar attributes to IgG spacers but without unspecific off-target binding, derived from the Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs). Of five constructs tested, a Siglec-4 derived spacer showed highest cytotoxic potential and similar performance to a CD8α spacer in a CD20 specific CAR setting. In a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model, a Siglec-4 spacer CAR targeting a membrane proximal (TSPAN8) epitope was efficiently engaged in vitro, while a membrane distal (CD66c) epitope did not activate the T cell. Transfer of the TSPAN8 specific Siglec-4 spacer CAR to an in vivo setting maintained the excellent tumor killing characteristics being indistinguishable from a TSPAN8 CD8α spacer CAR while outperforming an IgG4 long spacer CAR and, at the same time, showing an advantageous central memory CAR T cell phenotype with lower release of inflammatory cytokines. In summary, we developed a novel spacer that combines cytotoxic potential with an advantageous T cell and cytokine release phenotype, which make this an interesting candidate for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schäfer
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology & Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Janina Henze
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology & Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Rita Pfeifer
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Anna Schleicher
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biosciences, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janina Brauner
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Carola Barth
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Daniela Gudert
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Ian C D Johnston
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Olaf Hardt
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Radek C, Bernadin O, Drechsel K, Cordes N, Pfeifer R, Sträßer P, Mormin M, Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Cosset FL, Kaiser AD, Schaser T, Galy A, Verhoeyen E, Johnston ICD. Vectofusin-1 Improves Transduction of Primary Human Cells with Diverse Retroviral and Lentiviral Pseudotypes, Enabling Robust, Automated Closed-System Manufacturing. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1477-1493. [PMID: 31578886 PMCID: PMC6919281 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell and gene therapies are finally becoming viable patient treatment options, with both T cell- and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based therapies being approved to market in Europe. However, these therapies, which involve the use of viral vector to modify the target cells, are expensive and there is an urgent need to reduce manufacturing costs. One major cost factor is the viral vector production itself, therefore improving the gene modification efficiency could significantly reduce the amount of vector required per patient. This study describes the use of a transduction enhancing peptide, Vectofusin-1®, to improve the transduction efficiency of primary target cells using lentiviral and gammaretroviral vectors (LV and RV) pseudotyped with a variety of envelope proteins. Using Vectofusin-1 in combination with LV pseudotyped with viral glycoproteins derived from baboon endogenous retrovirus, feline endogenous virus (RD114), and measles virus (MV), a strongly improved transduction of HSCs, B cells and T cells, even when cultivated under low stimulation conditions, could be observed. The formation of Vectofusin-1 complexes with MV-LV retargeted to CD20 did not alter the selectivity in mixed cell culture populations, emphasizing the precision of this targeting technology. Functional, ErbB2-specific chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells could be generated using a gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV)-pseudotyped RV. Using a variety of viral vectors and target cells, Vectofusin-1 performed in a comparable manner to the traditionally used surface-bound recombinant fibronectin. As Vectofusin-1 is a soluble peptide, it was possible to easily transfer the T cell transduction method to an automated closed manufacturing platform, where proof of concept studies demonstrated efficient genetic modification of T cells with GALV-RV and RD114-RV and the subsequent expansion of mainly central memory T cells to a clinically relevant dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornellie Bernadin
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | | | - Nicole Cordes
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rita Pfeifer
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Pia Sträßer
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Mirella Mormin
- Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Genethon, INSERM, University Evry, EPHE, Evry, France
| | - Alejandra Gutierrez-Guerrero
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thomas Schaser
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Anne Galy
- Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, Genethon, INSERM, University Evry, EPHE, Evry, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jamali A, Kapitza L, Schaser T, Johnston ICD, Buchholz CJ, Hartmann J. Highly Efficient and Selective CAR-Gene Transfer Using CD4- and CD8-Targeted Lentiviral Vectors. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 13:371-379. [PMID: 30997367 PMCID: PMC6453803 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have revealed promising results in the treatment of cancer, but they still need to overcome various hurdles, including a complicated manufacturing process. Receptor-targeted lentiviral vectors (LVs) delivering genes selectively to T cell subtypes may facilitate and improve CAR T cell generation, but so far they have resulted in lower gene delivery rates than conventional LVs (vesicular stomatitis virus [VSV]-LV). To overcome this limitation, we studied the effect of the transduction enhancer Vectofusin-1 on gene delivery to human T cells with CD4- and CD8-targeted LVs, respectively, encoding a second-generation CD19-CAR in conjunction with a truncated version of the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (ΔLNGFR) as reporter. Vectofusin-1 significantly enhanced the gene delivery of CD4- and CD8-LVs without a loss in target cell selectivity and killing capability of the generated CAR T cells. Notably, delivery rates mediated by VSV-LV were substantially reduced by Vectofusin-1. Interestingly, a transient off-target signal in samples treated with Vectofusin-1 was observed early after transduction. However, this effect was not caused by uptake and expression of the transgene in off-target cells, but rather it resulted from cell-bound LV particles having ΔLNGFR incorporated into their surface. The data demonstrate that gene transfer rates in the range of those mediated by VSV-LVs can be achieved with receptor-targeted LVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Jamali
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laura Kapitza
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hartmann
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koliha N, Wiencek Y, Heider U, Jüngst C, Kladt N, Krauthäuser S, Johnston ICD, Bosio A, Schauss A, Wild S. A novel multiplex bead-based platform highlights the diversity of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:29975. [PMID: 26901056 PMCID: PMC4762227 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.29975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface protein composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is related to the originating cell and may play a role in vesicle function. Knowledge of the protein content of individual EVs is still limited because of the technical challenges to analyse small vesicles. Here, we introduce a novel multiplex bead-based platform to investigate up to 39 different surface markers in one sample. The combination of capture antibody beads with fluorescently labelled detection antibodies allows the analysis of EVs that carry surface markers recognized by both antibodies. This new method enables an easy screening of surface markers on populations of EVs. By combining different capture and detection antibodies, additional information on relative expression levels and potential vesicle subpopulations is gained. We also established a protocol to visualize individual EVs by stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Thereby, markers on single EVs can be detected by fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. We used the multiplex platform and STED microscopy to show for the first time that NK cell–derived EVs and platelet-derived EVs are devoid of CD9 or CD81, respectively, and that EVs isolated from activated B cells comprise different EV subpopulations. We speculate that, according to our STED data, tetraspanins might not be homogenously distributed but may mostly appear as clusters on EV subpopulations. Finally, we demonstrate that EV mixtures can be separated by magnetic beads and analysed subsequently with the multiplex platform. Both the multiplex bead-based platform and STED microscopy revealed subpopulations of EVs that have been indistinguishable by most analysis tools used so far. We expect that an in-depth view on EV heterogeneity will contribute to our understanding of different EVs and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Koliha
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Ute Heider
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolay Kladt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Wild
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Franko A, Baris OR, Bergschneider E, von Toerne C, Hauck SM, Aichler M, Walch AK, Wurst W, Wiesner RJ, Johnston ICD, de Angelis MH. Efficient isolation of pure and functional mitochondria from mouse tissues using automated tissue disruption and enrichment with anti-TOM22 magnetic beads. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82392. [PMID: 24349272 PMCID: PMC3861405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand molecular mechanisms regulating changes in metabolism, as observed e.g. in diabetes or neuronal disorders, the function of mitochondria needs to be precisely determined. The usual isolation methods such as differential centrifugation result in isolates of highly variable quality and quantity. To fulfill the need of a reproducible isolation method from solid tissues, which is suitable to handle parallel samples simultaneously, we developed a protocol based on anti-TOM22 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog) antibody-coupled magnetic beads. To measure oxygen consumption rate in isolated mitochondria from various mouse tissues, a traditional Clark electrode and the high-throughput XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer were used. Furthermore, Western blots, transmission electron microscopic and proteomic studies were performed to analyze the purity and integrity of the mitochondrial preparations. Mitochondrial fractions isolated from liver, brain and skeletal muscle by anti-TOM22 magnetic beads showed oxygen consumption capacities comparable to previously reported values and little contamination with other organelles. The purity and quality of isolated mitochondria using anti-TOM22 magnetic beads was compared to traditional differential centrifugation protocol in liver and the results indicated an obvious advantage of the magnetic beads method compared to the traditional differential centrifugation technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olivier R. Baris
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel K. Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZNE – Deutsches Zentrum fuer Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Site Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf J. Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, WZW - Center of Life and Food Science Weihenstephan, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niederquell M, Kurig S, Fischer JAA, Tomiuk S, Swiecki M, Colonna M, Johnston ICD, Dzionek A. Sca-1 expression defines developmental stages of mouse pDCs that show functional heterogeneity in the endosomal but not lysosomal TLR9 response. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2993-3005. [PMID: 23922217 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity and were shown to be identical to previously described natural interferon (IFN)-α-producing cells. Here, we describe two functionally distinct pDC subpopulations that are characterized by the differential expression of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1; Ly-6A/E). Sca-1(-) pDCs are mainly found in the BM, appear first during development, show a higher proliferative activity, and represent the more precursor phenotype. Sca-1(+) pDCs are mostly located in secondary lymphoid organs and represent a later developmental stage. Sca-1(-) pDCs give rise to an Sca-1(+) subset upon activation or in response to endogenous type I IFN. Interestingly, in contrast to Sca-1(-) pDCs, Sca-1(+) pDCs are defective in IFN-α production upon endosomal TLR9 stimulation, whereas lysosomal signaling via TLR9 is functional in both subsets. Gene expression analysis revealed that osteopontin is strongly upregulated in Sca-1(-) pDCs. These data provide evidence for the molecular basis of the observed functional heterogeneity, as the intracellular isoform of osteopontin couples TLR9 signaling to IFN-α expression. Taken together, our results indicate that Sca-1(-) pDCs are an early developmental stage of pDCs with distinct innate functions representing the true murine natural IFN-α-producing cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee JH, Wittki S, Bräu T, Dreyer FS, Krätzel K, Dindorf J, Johnston ICD, Gross S, Kremmer E, Zeidler R, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Lichtenheld M, Saksela K, Harrer T, Schuler G, Federico M, Baur AS. HIV Nef, paxillin, and Pak1/2 regulate activation and secretion of TACE/ADAM10 proteases. Mol Cell 2013; 49:668-79. [PMID: 23317503 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The HIV Nef protein recruits the polycomb protein Eed and mimics an integrin receptor signal for reasons that are not entirely clear. Here we demonstrate that Nef and Eed complex with the integrin effector paxillin to recruit and activate TNFα converting enzyme (TACE alias ADAM 17) and its close relative ADAM10. The activated proteases cleaved proTNFα and were shuttled into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells that ingested these EVs released TNFα. Analyzing the mechanism, we found that Pak2, an established host cell effector of Nef, phosphorylated paxillin on Ser272/274 to induce TACE-paxillin association and shuttling into EVs via lipid rafts. Conversely, Pak1 phosphorylated paxillin on Ser258, which inhibited TACE association and lipid raft transfer. Interestingly, melanoma cells used an identical mechanism to shuttle predominantly ADAM10 into EVs. We conclude that HIV-1 and cancer cells exploit a paxillin/integrin-controlled mechanism to release TACE/ADAM10-containing vesicles, ensuring better proliferation/growth conditions in their microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bach P, Abel T, Hoffmann C, Gal Z, Braun G, Voelker I, Ball CR, Johnston ICD, Lauer UM, Herold-Mende C, Mühlebach MD, Glimm H, Buchholz CJ. Specific elimination of CD133+ tumor cells with targeted oncolytic measles virus. Cancer Res 2013; 73:865-74. [PMID: 23293278 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) are critical yet evasive targets for the development of more effective antitumoral strategies. The cell surface marker CD133 is frequently used to identify TICs of various tumor entities, including hepatocellular cancer and glioblastoma. Here, we describe oncolytic measles viruses (MV) retargeted to CD133. The viruses, termed MV-141.7 and MV-AC133, infected and selectively lysed CD133(+) tumor cells. Both viruses exerted strong antitumoral effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma growing subcutaneously or multifocally in the peritoneal cavity of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Notably, the CD133-targeted viruses were more effective in prolonging survival than the parental MV-NSe, which is currently assessed as oncolytic agent in clinical trials. Interestingly, target receptor overexpression or increased spreading kinetics through tumor cells were excluded as being causative for the enhanced oncolytic activity of CD133-targeted viruses. MV-141.7 was also effective in mouse models of orthotopic glioma tumor spheres and primary colon cancer. Our results indicate that CD133-targeted measles viruses selectively eliminate CD133(+) cells from tumor tissue, offering a key tool for research in tumor biology and cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bach
- Medical Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoffmann D, Garcia AD, Harrigan PR, Johnston ICD, Nakasone T, García-Lerma JG, Heneine W. Measuring enzymatic HIV-1 susceptibility to two reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a rapid and simple approach to HIV-1 drug-resistance testing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22019. [PMID: 21799767 PMCID: PMC3140485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple and cost-effective approaches for HIV drug-resistance testing are highly desirable for managing increasingly expanding HIV-1 infected populations who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly in resource-limited settings. Non-nucleoside reverse trancriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens with an NRTI backbone containing lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) are preferred first ART regimens. Failure with these drug combinations typically involves the selection of NNRTI- and/or 3TC/FTC- resistant viruses. Therefore, the availability of simple assays to measure both types of drug resistance is critical. We have developed a high throughput screening test for assessing enzymatic resistance of the HIV-1 RT in plasma to 3TC/FTC and NNRTIs. The test uses the sensitive “Amp-RT” assay with a newly-developed real-time PCR format to screen biochemically for drug resistance in single reactions containing either 3TC-triphosphate (3TC-TP) or nevirapine (NVP). Assay cut-offs were defined based on testing a large panel of subtype B and non-subtype B clinical samples with known genotypic profiles. Enzymatic 3TC resistance correlated well with the presence of M184I/V, and reduced NVP susceptibility was strongly associated with the presence of K103N, Y181C/I, Y188L, and G190A/Q. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting resistance were 97.0% and 96.0% in samples with M184V, and 97.4% and 96.2% for samples with NNRTI mutations, respectively. We further demonstrate the utility of an HIV capture method in plasma by using magnetic beads coated with CD44 antibody that eliminates the need for ultracentifugation. Thus our results support the use of this simple approach for distinguishing WT from NNRTI- or 3TC/FTC-resistant viruses in clinical samples. This enzymatic testing is subtype-independent and can assist in the clinical management of diverse populations particularly in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Hoffmann
- Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anliker B, Abel T, Kneissl S, Hlavaty J, Caputi A, Brynza J, Schneider IC, Münch RC, Petznek H, Kontermann RE, Koehl U, Johnston ICD, Keinänen K, Müller UC, Hohenadl C, Monyer H, Cichutek K, Buchholz CJ. Specific gene transfer to neurons, endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitors with lentiviral vectors. Nat Methods 2010; 7:929-35. [PMID: 20935652 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a flexible and highly specific targeting method for lentiviral vectors based on single-chain antibodies recognizing cell-surface antigens. We generated lentiviral vectors specific for human CD105(+) endothelial cells, human CD133(+) hematopoietic progenitors and mouse GluA-expressing neurons. Lentiviral vectors specific for CD105 or for CD20 transduced their target cells as efficiently as VSV-G pseudotyped vectors but discriminated between endothelial cells and lymphocytes in mixed cultures. CD133-targeted vectors transduced CD133(+) cultured hematopoietic progenitor cells more efficiently than VSV-G pseudotyped vectors, resulting in stable long-term transduction. Lentiviral vectors targeted to the glutamate receptor subunits GluA2 and GluA4 exhibited more than 94% specificity for neurons in cerebellar cultures and when injected into the adult mouse brain. We observed neuron-specific gene modification upon transfer of the Cre recombinase gene into the hippocampus of reporter mice. This approach allowed targeted gene transfer to many cell types of interest with an unprecedented degree of specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Anliker
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lopez CA, Vazquez M, Hill MD, Del C. Colon M, Porrata-Doria T, Johnston ICD, Lorenzo E. Characterization of HIV-1 RNA forms in the plasma of patients undergoing successful HAART. Arch Virol 2010; 155:895-903. [PMID: 20414690 PMCID: PMC2880236 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An assay to characterize plasma human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) sequences for patients with low viral loads was developed by combining the selective binding of anti-CD44 MicroBeads with a nested RT-PCR targeting the env C2V4 region. Sequences were obtained from 10 of 20 HIV+ patients who had viral loads below 48 copies/ml. Sequences derived from plasma were compared to those from CD14+ CD16 +monocytes and CD4+ T cells. The plasma sequences were most closely related to those amplified from monocytes, suggesting that during successful antiretroviral therapy, the predominant plasma virus originates from myeloid cells. By characterizing HIV-1 RNA sequences from 8 ml of plasma while avoiding multiple steps, which can lead to contamination and deterioration, this method can help elucidate the viral forms in patients with therapeutically suppressed HIV-1. Understanding the source of residual viremia is crucial in developing approaches for viral eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Lopez
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732 USA
| | - Manuel Vazquez
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732 USA
| | - Martin D. Hill
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732 USA
| | - Maria Del C. Colon
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732 USA
| | - Tirtsa Porrata-Doria
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732 USA
| | - Ian C. D. Johnston
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Eric Lorenzo
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732 USA
- Present Address: Scientific Review Program, AIDS Research Review Branch, NIAID, Division of Extramural Activities (DEA), 6700B Rockledge Dr., Room 3134, Bethesda, MD 20892-7616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stoevesandt O, Köhler K, Fischer R, Johnston ICD, Brock R. One-step analysis of protein complexes in microliters of cell lysate. Nat Methods 2005; 2:833-5. [PMID: 16278653 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present 'mix and measure' procedures for the analysis of protein complexes in microliters of crude human and mouse cell lysates using fluorescence correlation and crosscorrelation spectroscopy. We labeled interacting endogenous proteins by indirect immunofluorescence with all primary and secondary reagents added in one step. Especially for the screening of compounds interfering with interactions that depend on signaling-induced posttranslational modifications, the approach represents a major advance over existing protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oda Stoevesandt
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohgimoto S, Ohgimoto K, Niewiesk S, Klagge IM, Pfeuffer J, Johnston ICD, Schneider-Schaulies J, Weidmann A, Ter Meulen V, Schneider-Schaulies S. The haemagglutinin protein is an important determinant of measles virus tropism for dendritic cells in vitro. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:1835-1844. [PMID: 11457989 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-8-1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant measles viruses (MV) in which the authentic glycoprotein genes encoding the fusion and the haemagglutinin (H) proteins of the Edmonston (ED) vaccine strains were swapped singly or doubly for the corresponding genes of a lymphotropic MV wild-type virus (strain WTF) were used previously to investigate MV tropism in cell lines in tissue culture. When these recombinants and their parental strains, the molecular ED-based clone (ED-tag) and WTF, were used to infect cotton rats, only viruses expressing the MV WTF H protein replicated in secondary lymphatic tissues and caused significant immunosuppression. In vitro, viruses containing the ED H protein revealed a tropism for human peripheral blood lymphocytes as documented by enhanced binding and virus production, whereas those containing the WTF H protein replicated well in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC). This did not correlate with more efficient binding of these viruses to DC, but with an enhancement of uptake, virus spread, accumulation of viral antigens and virus production. Thus, replacement of the ED H protein with WTF H protein was sufficient to confer the DC tropism of WTF to ED-tag in vitro. This study suggests that the MV H protein plays an important role in determining cell tropism to immune cells and this may play an important role in the induction of immunosuppression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ohgimoto
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| | - Kaori Ohgimoto
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie, Japan4
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| | - Ingo M Klagge
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| | - Joanna Pfeuffer
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| | | | - Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| | - Armin Weidmann
- Emory University, Yerkes Vaccine Center, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA3
| | - Volker Ter Meulen
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| | - Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany1
| |
Collapse
|