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Chen J, Stephan T, Gaedke F, Liu T, Li Y, Schauss A, Chen P, Wulff V, Jakobs S, Jüngst C, Chen Z. An aldehyde-crosslinking mitochondrial probe for STED imaging in fixed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317703121. [PMID: 38687792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317703121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence labeling of chemically fixed specimens, especially immunolabeling, plays a vital role in super-resolution imaging as it offers a convenient way to visualize cellular structures like mitochondria or the distribution of biomolecules with high detail. Despite the development of various distinct probes that enable super-resolved stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging of mitochondria in live cells, most of these membrane-potential-dependent fluorophores cannot be retained well in mitochondria after chemical fixation. This lack of suitable mitochondrial probes has limited STED imaging of mitochondria to live cell samples. In this study, we introduce a mitochondria-specific probe, PK Mito Orange FX (PKMO FX), which features a fixation-driven cross-linking motif and accumulates in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It exhibits high fluorescence retention after chemical fixation and efficient depletion at 775 nm, enabling nanoscopic imaging both before and after aldehyde fixation. We demonstrate the compatibility of this probe with conventional immunolabeling and other strategies commonly used for fluorescence labeling of fixed samples. Moreover, we show that PKMO FX facilitates correlative super-resolution light and electron microscopy, enabling the correlation of multicolor fluorescence images and transmission EM images via the characteristic mitochondrial pattern. Our probe further expands the mitochondrial toolkit for multimodal microscopy at nanometer resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Felix Gaedke
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiyan Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Peng Chen
- Peking University-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing 211800, China
- Genvivo Biotech (PuHaiJingShan), Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Veronika Wulff
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology Translational, Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells", University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37099, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Zhixing Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing 211800, China
- Genvivo Biotech (PuHaiJingShan), Nanjing 211800, China
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2
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Kochan SMV, Malo MC, Jevtic M, Jahn-Kelleter HM, Wani GA, Ndoci K, Pérez-Revuelta L, Gaedke F, Schäffner I, Lie DC, Schauss A, Bergami M. Enhanced mitochondrial fusion during a critical period of synaptic plasticity in adult-born neurons. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00167-3. [PMID: 38582081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Integration of new neurons into adult hippocampal circuits is a process coordinated by local and long-range synaptic inputs. To achieve stable integration and uniquely contribute to hippocampal function, immature neurons are endowed with a critical period of heightened synaptic plasticity, yet it remains unclear which mechanisms sustain this form of plasticity during neuronal maturation. We found that as new neurons enter their critical period, a transient surge in fusion dynamics stabilizes elongated mitochondrial morphologies in dendrites to fuel synaptic plasticity. Conditional ablation of fusion dynamics to prevent mitochondrial elongation selectively impaired spine plasticity and synaptic potentiation, disrupting neuronal competition for stable circuit integration, ultimately leading to decreased survival. Despite profuse mitochondrial fragmentation, manipulation of competition dynamics was sufficient to restore neuronal survival but left neurons poorly responsive to experience at the circuit level. Thus, by enabling synaptic plasticity during the critical period, mitochondrial fusion facilitates circuit remodeling by adult-born neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M V Kochan
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Meret Cepero Malo
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Milica Jevtic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah M Jahn-Kelleter
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gulzar A Wani
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristiano Ndoci
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Gaedke
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Bergami
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Winter L, Staszewska-Daca I, Zittrich S, Elhamine F, Zrelski MM, Schmidt K, Fischer I, Jüngst C, Schauss A, Goldmann WH, Stehle R, Wiche G. Correction: Winter et al. Z-Disk-Associated Plectin (Isoform 1d): Spatial Arrangement, Interaction Partners, and Role in Filamin C Homeostasis. Cells 2023, 12, 1259. Cells 2023; 12:2677. [PMID: 38067197 PMCID: PMC10705187 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors wish to make the following changes to their paper [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilona Staszewska-Daca
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
| | - Stefan Zittrich
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatiha Elhamine
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela M. Zrelski
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility for Cell Imaging & Ultrastructure Research (CIUS), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
| | - Christian Jüngst
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stehle
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
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Buntenbroich I, Anton V, Perez-Hernandez D, Simões T, Gaedke F, Schauss A, Dittmar G, Riemer J, Escobar-Henriques M. Docking and stability defects in mitofusin highlight the proteasome as a potential therapeutic target. iScience 2023; 26:107014. [PMID: 37416455 PMCID: PMC10320088 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial fusion are at the base of many diseases. Mitofusins power membrane-remodeling events via self-interaction and GTP hydrolysis. However, how exactly mitofusins mediate fusion of the outer membrane is still unclear. Structural studies enable tailored design of mitofusin variants, providing valuable tools to dissect this stepwise process. Here, we found that the two cysteines conserved between yeast and mammals are required for mitochondrial fusion, revealing two novel steps of the fusion cycle. C381 is dominantly required for the formation of the trans-tethering complex, before GTP hydrolysis. C805 allows stabilizing the Fzo1 protein and the trans-tethering complex, just prior to membrane fusion. Moreover, proteasomal inhibition rescued Fzo1 C805S levels and membrane fusion, suggesting a possible application for clinically approved drugs. Together, our study provides insights into how assembly or stability defects in mitofusins might cause mitofusin-associated diseases and uncovers potential therapeutic intervention by proteasomal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Buntenbroich
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Vincent Anton
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez-Hernandez
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg
| | - Tânia Simões
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Felix Gaedke
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteomics of Cellular Signaling, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Riemer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics,University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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5
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Winter L, Staszewska-Daca I, Zittrich S, Elhamine F, Zrelski MM, Schmidt K, Fischer I, Jüngst C, Schauss A, Goldmann WH, Stehle R, Wiche G. Z-Disk-Associated Plectin (Isoform 1d): Spatial Arrangement, Interaction Partners, and Role in Filamin C Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:1259. [PMID: 37174658 PMCID: PMC10177080 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plectin, a highly versatile cytolinker protein, is crucial for myofiber integrity and function. Accordingly, mutations in the human gene (PLEC) cause several rare diseases, denoted as plectinopathies, with most of them associated with progressive muscle weakness. Of several plectin isoforms expressed in skeletal muscle and the heart, P1d is the only isoform expressed exclusively in these tissues. Using high-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, here we show that plectin is located within the gaps between individual α-actinin-positive Z-disks, recruiting and bridging them to desmin intermediate filaments (Ifs). Loss of plectin in myofibril bundles led to a complete loss of desmin Ifs. Loss of Z-disk-associated plectin isoform P1d led to disorganization of muscle fibers and slower relaxation of myofibrils upon mechanical strain, in line with an observed inhomogeneity of muscle ultrastructure. In addition to binding to α-actinin and thereby providing structural support, P1d forms a scaffolding platform for the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy machinery (CASA) by directly interacting with HSC70 and synpo2. In isoform-specific knockout (P1d-KO) mouse muscle and mechanically stretched plectin-deficient myoblasts, we found high levels of undigested filamin C, a bona fide substrate of CASA. Similarly, subjecting P1d-KO mice to forced swim tests led to accumulation of filamin C aggregates in myofibers, highlighting a specific role of P1d in tension-induced proteolysis activated upon high loads of physical exercise and muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilona Staszewska-Daca
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Zittrich
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatiha Elhamine
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela M. Zrelski
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility for Cell Imaging & Ultrastructure Research (CIUS), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jüngst
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stehle
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Matin M, Oezel C, Chen H, Schauss A, Schell C, Benzing T, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Capsazepine (CPZ) Inhibits TRPC6 Conductance and Is Protective in Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy and Diabetic Glomerulopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020271. [PMID: 36672207 PMCID: PMC9856956 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which excessively arise in diabetes and systemic inflammatory diseases, modify cellular lipids and cellular lipid composition leading to altered biophysical properties of cellular membranes. The impact of lipid peroxidation on transmembrane signaling routes is not yet well studied. The canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of glomerular diseases. TRPC6 is sensitive to membrane stretch and relies on a distinct lipid environment. This study investigates the effect of oxidative alterations to plasma membrane lipids on TRPC6 activity and the function of the glomerular filter. Knockout of the anti-oxidative, lipid modifying enzyme paraoxonase 2 (PON2) leads to altered biophysical properties of glomerular epithelial cells, which are called podocytes. Cortical stiffness, quantified by atomic force microscopy, was largely increased in PON2-deficient cultured podocytes. PON2 deficiency markedly enhanced TRPC6 channel currents and channel recovery. Treatment with the amphiphilic substance capsazepine in micromolar doses reduced cortical stiffness and abrogated TRPC6 conductance. In in vivo studies, capsazepine reduced the glomerular phenotype in the model of adriamycin-induced nephropathy in PON2 knockout mice and wildtype littermates. In diabetic AKITA mice, the progression of albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease was delayed. In summary, we provide evidence that the modification of membrane characteristics affects TRPC6 signaling. These results could spur future research to investigate modification of the direct lipid environment of TRPC6 as a future therapeutic strategy in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Mahsa Matin
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - He Chen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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7
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Oexner RR, Pla-Martín D, Paß T, Wiesen MHJ, Zentis P, Schauss A, Baris OR, Kimoloi S, Wiesner RJ. Extraocular Muscle Reveals Selective Vulnerability of Type IIB Fibers to Respiratory Chain Defects Induced by Mitochondrial DNA Alterations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:14. [PMID: 33057669 PMCID: PMC7571275 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to gain insights on the pathogenesis of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, thus we investigated the vulnerability of five extra ocular muscles (EOMs) fiber types to pathogenic mitochondrial DNA deletions in a mouse model expressing a mutated mitochondrial helicase TWINKLE. Methods Consecutive pairs of EOM sections were analyzed by cytochrome C oxidase (COX)/succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) assay and fiber type specific immunohistochemistry (type I, IIA, IIB, embryonic, and EOM-specific staining). Results The mean average of COX deficient fibers (COX-) in the recti muscles of mutant mice was 1.04 ± 0.52% at 12 months and increased with age (7.01 ± 1.53% at 24 months). A significant proportion of these COX- fibers were of the fast-twitch, glycolytic type IIB (> 50% and > 35% total COX- fibers at 12 and 24 months, respectively), whereas embryonic myosin heavy chain-expressing fibers were almost completely spared. Furthermore, the proportion of COX- fibers in the type IIB-rich retractor bulbi muscle was > 2-fold higher compared to the M. recti at both 12 (2.6 ± 0.78%) and 24 months (20.85 ± 2.69%). Collectively, these results demonstrate a selective vulnerability of type IIB fibers to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in EOMs and retractor bulbi muscle. We also show that EOMs of mutant mice display histopathological abnormalities, including altered fiber type composition, increased fibrosis, ragged red fibers, and infiltration of mononucleated nonmuscle cells. Conclusions Our results point to the existence of fiber type IIB-intrinsic factors and/or molecular mechanisms that predispose them to increased generation, clonal expansion, and detrimental effects of mtDNA deletions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Mitochondrial Diseases/enzymology
- Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics
- Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Oculomotor Muscles/enzymology
- Oculomotor Muscles/pathology
- Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External/etiology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Oexner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Paß
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Martin H. J. Wiesen
- Center of Pharmacology, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Zentis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Olivier R. Baris
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Equipe MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sammy Kimoloi
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Rudolf J. Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
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8
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Tadepalle N, Robers L, Veronese M, Zentis P, Babatz F, Brodesser S, Gruszczyk AV, Schauss A, Höning S, Rugarli EI. Microtubule-dependent and independent roles of spastin in lipid droplet dispersion and biogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/6/e202000715. [PMID: 32321733 PMCID: PMC7184029 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are metabolic organelles that store neutral lipids and dynamically respond to changes in energy availability by accumulating or mobilizing triacylglycerols (TAGs). How the plastic behavior of LDs is regulated is poorly understood. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a central motor axonopathy predominantly caused by mutations in SPAST, encoding the microtubule-severing protein spastin. The spastin-M1 isoform localizes to nascent LDs in mammalian cells; however, the mechanistic significance of this targeting is not fully explained. Here, we show that tightly controlled levels of spastin-M1 are required to inhibit LD biogenesis and TAG accumulation. Spastin-M1 maintains the morphogenesis of the ER when TAG synthesis is prevented, independent from microtubule binding. Moreover, spastin plays a microtubule-dependent role in mediating the dispersion of LDs from the ER upon glucose starvation. Our results reveal a dual role of spastin to shape ER tubules and to regulate LD movement along microtubules, opening new perspectives for the pathogenesis of hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesha Tadepalle
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lennart Robers
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Veronese
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Zentis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Babatz
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
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9
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Kretschmer T, Schulze-Edinghausen M, Turnwald EM, Janoschek R, Bae-Gartz I, Zentis P, Handwerk M, Wohlfarth M, Schauss A, Hucklenbruch-Rother E, Dötsch J, Appel S. Effect of Maternal Obesity in Mice on IL-6 Levels and Placental Endothelial Cell Homeostasis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020296. [PMID: 31979004 PMCID: PMC7071123 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy is a known health risk for mother and child. Since obesity is associated with increased inflammatory markers, our objectives were to determine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in obese mice and to examine the effect of IL-6 on placental endothelial cells. Placentas, blood, and adipose tissue of C57BL/6N mice, kept on high fat diet before and during pregnancy, were harvested at E15.5. Serum IL-6 levels were determined and endothelial cell markers and IL-6 expression were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Immunostaining was used to determine surface and length densities of fetal capillary profiles and placental endothelial cell homeostasis. Human placental vein endothelial cells were cultured and subjected to proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and tube formation assays after stimulation with hyperIL-6. Placental endothelial cell markers were downregulated and the percentage of senescent endothelial cells was higher in the placental exchange zone of obese dams and placental vascularization was strongly reduced. Additionally, maternal IL-6 serum levels and IL-6 protein levels in adipose tissue were increased. Stimulation with hyperIL-6 provoked a dose dependent increase of senescence in cultured endothelial cells without any effects on proliferation or apoptosis. Diet-induced maternal obesity led to an IUGR phenotype accompanied by increased maternal IL-6 serum levels. In the placenta of obese dams, this may result in a disturbed endothelial cell homeostasis and impaired fetal vasculature. Cell culture experiments confirmed that IL-6 is capable of inducing endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-89672
| | - Merle Schulze-Edinghausen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Eva-Maria Turnwald
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Inga Bae-Gartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Peter Zentis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Core Facility Imaging, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (P.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Marion Handwerk
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Maria Wohlfarth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Core Facility Imaging, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (P.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.-E.); (E.-M.T.); (R.J.); (I.B.-G.); (M.H.); (M.W.); (E.H.-R.); (J.D.); (S.A.)
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10
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Binz-Lotter J, Jüngst C, Rinschen MM, Koehler S, Zentis P, Schauss A, Schermer B, Benzing T, Hackl MJ. Injured Podocytes Are Sensitized to Angiotensin II-Induced Calcium Signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:532-542. [PMID: 31924670 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of angiotensin II (AngII) signaling, a therapeutic mainstay of glomerular kidney diseases, is thought to act primarily through regulating glomerular blood flow and reducing filtration pressure. Although extravascular actions of AngII have been suggested, a direct effect of AngII on podocytes has not been demonstrated in vivo. METHODS To study the effects of AngII on podocyte calcium levels in vivo, we used intravital microscopy of the kidney in mice expressing the calcium indicator protein GCaMP3. RESULTS In healthy animals, podocytes displayed limited responsiveness to AngII stimulation. In contrast, in animals subjected to either adriamycin-induced acute chemical injury or genetic deletion of the podocin-encoding gene Nphs2, the consequent podocyte damage and proteinuria rendered the cells responsive to AngII and resulted in AngII-induced calcium transients in significantly more podocytes. The angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker losartan could fully inhibit this response. Also, responsiveness to AngII was at least partly mediated through the transient receptor potential channel 6, which has been implicated in podocyte calcium handling. Interestingly, loss of a single Nphs2 allele also increased podocytes' responsiveness to AngII signaling. This direct effect of AngII on injured podocytes results in increased calcium transients, which can further aggravate the underlying kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Our discovery that podocytes become sensitized to AngII-induced calcium signaling upon injury might explain results from large, randomized, controlled trials in which improved renal outcomes occur only in the subgroup of patients with proteinuria, indicating podocyte damage. Our findings also emphasize the need to treat every patient with a glomerular disease with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Binz-Lotter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Peter Zentis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias J Hackl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and
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11
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Anton V, Buntenbroich I, Schuster R, Babatz F, Simões T, Altin S, Calabrese G, Riemer J, Schauss A, Escobar-Henriques M. Plasticity in salt bridge allows fusion-competent ubiquitylation of mitofusins and Cdc48 recognition. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900491. [PMID: 31740565 PMCID: PMC6861704 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitofusins are dynamin-related GTPases that drive mitochondrial fusion by sequential events of oligomerization and GTP hydrolysis, followed by their ubiquitylation. Here, we show that fusion requires a trilateral salt bridge at a hinge point of the yeast mitofusin Fzo1, alternatingly forming before and after GTP hydrolysis. Mutations causative of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease massively map to this hinge point site, underlining the disease relevance of the trilateral salt bridge. A triple charge swap rescues the activity of Fzo1, emphasizing the close coordination of the hinge residues with GTP hydrolysis. Subsequently, ubiquitylation of Fzo1 allows the AAA-ATPase ubiquitin-chaperone Cdc48 to resolve Fzo1 clusters, releasing the dynamin for the next fusion round. Furthermore, cross-complementation within the oligomer unexpectedly revealed ubiquitylated but fusion-incompetent Fzo1 intermediates. However, Cdc48 did not affect the ubiquitylated but fusion-incompetent variants, indicating that Fzo1 ubiquitylation is only controlled after membrane merging. Together, we present an integrated model on how mitochondrial outer membranes fuse, a critical process for their respiratory function but also putatively relevant for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Anton
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ira Buntenbroich
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramona Schuster
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tânia Simões
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Selver Altin
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gaetano Calabrese
- Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Torgovnick A, Heger JM, Liaki V, Isensee J, Schmitt A, Knittel G, Riabinska A, Beleggia F, Laurien L, Leeser U, Jüngst C, Siedek F, Vogel W, Klümper N, Nolte H, Wittersheim M, Tharun L, Castiglione R, Krüger M, Schauss A, Perner S, Pasparakis M, Büttner R, Persigehl T, Hucho T, Herter-Sprie GS, Schumacher B, Reinhardt HC. The Cdkn1a SUPER Mouse as a Tool to Study p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1027-1039.e6. [PMID: 30355482 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdkn1a, which encodes p21, functions as a major route for p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest. However, the consequence of Cdkn1a gene dosage on tumor suppression has not been systematically investigated. Here, we employed BAC transgenesis to generate a Cdkn1aSUPER mouse, which harbors an additional Cdkn1a allele within its natural genomic context. We show that these mice display enhanced cell-cycle arrest and reduced apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. Furthermore, using a chemically induced skin cancer model and an autochthonous Kras-driven lung adenocarcinoma model, we show that Cdkn1aSUPER mice display a cancer protection phenotype that is indistinguishable from that observed in Tp53SUPER animals. Moreover, we demonstrate that Tp53 and Cdkn1a cooperate in mediating cancer resistance, using a chemically induced fibrosarcoma model. Overall, our Cdkn1aSUPER allele enabled us to assess the contribution of Cdkn1a to Tp53-mediated tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Torgovnick
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jan Michel Heger
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Liaki
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arina Riabinska
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucie Laurien
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uschi Leeser
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Gubener Straße 39, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Siedek
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23538 Lübeck and 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23538 Lübeck and 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Wittersheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberta Castiglione
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and the Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23538 Lübeck and 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 21, 50931 Cologne
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Grit Sophie Herter-Sprie
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 21, 50931 Cologne.
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert Koch Straße 21, 50931 Cologne.
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13
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Gessner I, Krakor E, Jurewicz A, Wulff V, Kling L, Christiansen S, Brodusch N, Gauvin R, Wortmann L, Wolke M, Plum G, Schauss A, Krautwurst J, Ruschewitz U, Ilyas S, Mathur S. Hollow silica capsules for amphiphilic transport and sustained delivery of antibiotic and anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24883-24892. [PMID: 35542120 PMCID: PMC9082457 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03716g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow mesoporous silica capsules were used as amphiphilic drug delivery vehicles and sustained release systems for antimicrobial and anticancer drugs.
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14
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Lechner A, Schlößer H, Rothschild SI, Thelen M, Reuter S, Zentis P, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Theurich S, Wennhold K, Garcia-Marquez M, Tharun L, Quaas A, Schauss A, Isensee J, Hucho T, Huebbers C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Beutner D. Characterization of tumor-associated T-lymphocyte subsets and immune checkpoint molecules in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:44418-44433. [PMID: 28574843 PMCID: PMC5546490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) reflects biology and immunogenicity of cancer. Here, we characterize T-cell subsets and expression of immune checkpoint molecules in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We analyzed TIL subsets in primary tumors (n = 34), blood (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); n = 34) and non-cancerous mucosa (n = 7) of 34 treatment-naïve HNSCC patients and PBMC of 15 healthy controls. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a highly variable T-cell infiltration mainly of an effector memory phenotype (CD45RA-/CCR7-). Naïve T cells (CD45RA+/CCR7+) were decreased in the microenvironment compared to PBMC of patients, while regulatory T cells (CD4+/CD25+/CD127low and CD4+/CD39+) were elevated. Furthermore, we performed digital image analyses of entire cross sections of HNSCC to define the 'Immunoscore' (CD3+ and CD8+ cell infiltration in tumor core and invasive margin) and quantified MHC class I expression on tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. Immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) were increased in TILs compared to peripheral T cells in flow-cytometric analysis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumors showed higher numbers of TILs, but a similar composition of T-cell subsets and checkpoint molecule expression compared to HPV negative tumors. Taken together, the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC is characterized by a strong infiltration of regulatory T cells and high checkpoint molecule expression on T-cell subsets. In view of increasingly used immunotherapies, a detailed knowledge of TILs and checkpoint molecule expression on TILs is of high translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Lechner
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Schlößer
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sacha I. Rothschild
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Thelen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reuter
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Zentis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wennhold
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Garcia-Marquez
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Huebbers
- Jean-Uhrmacher Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Ferrando-May E, Hartmann H, Reymann J, Ansari N, Utz N, Fried HU, Kukat C, Peychl J, Liebig C, Terjung S, Laketa V, Sporbert A, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Schauss A, Zuschratter W, Avilov S. Advanced light microscopy core facilities: Balancing service, science and career. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:463-79. [PMID: 27040755 PMCID: PMC5071710 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Core Facilities (CF) for advanced light microscopy (ALM) have become indispensable support units for research in the life sciences. Their organizational structure and technical characteristics are quite diverse, although the tasks they pursue and the services they offer are similar. Therefore, throughout Europe, scientists from ALM-CFs are forming networks to promote interactions and discuss best practice models. Here, we present recommendations for ALM-CF operations elaborated by the workgroups of the German network of ALM-CFs, German Bio-Imaging (GerBI). We address technical aspects of CF planning and instrument maintainance, give advice on the organization and management of an ALM-CF, propose a scheme for the training of CF users, and provide an overview of current resources for image processing and analysis. Further, we elaborate on the new challenges and opportunities for professional development and careers created by CFs. While some information specifically refers to the German academic system, most of the content of this article is of general interest for CFs in the life sciences. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:463-479, 2016. © 2016 THE AUTHORS MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE PUBLISHED BY WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferrando-May
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Bioimaging Center, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Hella Hartmann
- Technical University Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Light Microscopy Facility, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Jürgen Reymann
- Heidelberg University, BioQuant, ViroQuant-CellNetworks RNAi Screening Facility, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, & Heidelberg Center for Human Bioinformatics, IPMB, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Nariman Ansari
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Physical Biology Group, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Nadine Utz
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Bioimaging Center, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Fried
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Core Facility and Services, Light Microscopy Facility, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn, 53175, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, Köln, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Jan Peychl
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Light Microscopy Facility, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Christian Liebig
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Light Microscopy Facility, Spemannstrasse 35, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Stefan Terjung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, German Center for Infection Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Center for Advanced Imaging, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- University of Cologne, CECAD Imaging Facility, Joseph-Stelzmann Strasse 26, Köln, 50931, Germany
| | - Werner Zuschratter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Electron & Laser Scanning Microscopy, Brenneckestrasse 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany
| | - Sergiy Avilov
- Max-Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Imaging Facility, Stübeweg 51, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
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16
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Koliha N, Wiencek Y, Heider U, Jüngst C, Kladt N, Krauthäuser S, Johnston ICD, Bosio A, Schauss A, Wild S. A novel multiplex bead-based platform highlights the diversity of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:29975. [PMID: 26901056 PMCID: PMC4762227 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.29975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface protein composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is related to the originating cell and may play a role in vesicle function. Knowledge of the protein content of individual EVs is still limited because of the technical challenges to analyse small vesicles. Here, we introduce a novel multiplex bead-based platform to investigate up to 39 different surface markers in one sample. The combination of capture antibody beads with fluorescently labelled detection antibodies allows the analysis of EVs that carry surface markers recognized by both antibodies. This new method enables an easy screening of surface markers on populations of EVs. By combining different capture and detection antibodies, additional information on relative expression levels and potential vesicle subpopulations is gained. We also established a protocol to visualize individual EVs by stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Thereby, markers on single EVs can be detected by fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. We used the multiplex platform and STED microscopy to show for the first time that NK cell–derived EVs and platelet-derived EVs are devoid of CD9 or CD81, respectively, and that EVs isolated from activated B cells comprise different EV subpopulations. We speculate that, according to our STED data, tetraspanins might not be homogenously distributed but may mostly appear as clusters on EV subpopulations. Finally, we demonstrate that EV mixtures can be separated by magnetic beads and analysed subsequently with the multiplex platform. Both the multiplex bead-based platform and STED microscopy revealed subpopulations of EVs that have been indistinguishable by most analysis tools used so far. We expect that an in-depth view on EV heterogeneity will contribute to our understanding of different EVs and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Koliha
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Ute Heider
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolay Kladt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Wild
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany;
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17
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Schlößer HA, Drebber U, Kloth M, Thelen M, Rothschild SI, Haase S, Garcia-Marquez M, Wennhold K, Berlth F, Urbanski A, Alakus H, Schauss A, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Theurich S, Warnecke-Ebertz U, Stippel DL, Zippelius A, Büttner R, Hallek M, Hölscher AH, Zander T, Mönig SP, von Bergwelt-Baildon M. Immune checkpoints programmed death 1 ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule 4 in gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1100789. [PMID: 27467911 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition has been reported for several types of solid tumors and early studies in gastric adenocarcinoma are promising. A detailed knowledge about the natural biology of immune checkpoints in gastric adenocarcinoma is essential for clinical and translational evaluation of these drugs. This study is a comprehensive analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. PD-L1 and CTLA-4 were stained on tumor sections of 127 Caucasian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and somatic mutation profiling was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing. Expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 on lymphocytes in tumor sections, tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and peripheral blood were studied by flow-cytometry and immune-fluorescence microscopy in an additional cohort. PD-L1 and CTLA-4 were expressed in 44.9% (57/127) and 86.6% (110/127) of the analyzed gastric adenocarcinoma samples, respectively. Positive tumor cell staining for PD-L1 or CTLA-4 was associated with inferior overall survival. Somatic mutational analysis did not reveal a correlation to expression of PD-L1 or CTLA-4 on tumor cells. Expression of PD-1 (52.2%), PD-L1 (42.2%) and CTLA-4 (1.6%) on tumor infiltrating T cells was significantly elevated compared to peripheral blood. Of note, PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed far higher by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes than CTLA-4. In conclusion, specific immune checkpoint-inhibitors should be evaluated in this disease and the combination with molecular targeted therapies might be of benefit. An extensive immune monitoring should accompany these studies to better understand their mode of action in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans A Schlößer
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany; Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Michael Kloth
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Thelen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Sacha I Rothschild
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Haase
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Maria Garcia-Marquez
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wennhold
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Berlth
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Alexander Urbanski
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cluster of Excellence in Aging-Associated Disease, Core Facility Imaging, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Warnecke-Ebertz
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Dirk L Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel , Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Hallek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Arnulf H Hölscher
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne , Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan P Mönig
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany
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18
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Miller SE, Mathiasen S, Bright NA, Pierre F, Kelly BT, Kladt N, Schauss A, Merrifield CJ, Stamou D, Höning S, Owen DJ. CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation by directly sensing and driving membrane curvature. Dev Cell 2015; 33:163-75. [PMID: 25898166 PMCID: PMC4406947 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The size of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) is remarkably uniform, suggesting that it is optimized to achieve the appropriate levels of cargo and lipid internalization. The three most abundant proteins in mammalian endocytic CCVs are clathrin and the two cargo-selecting, clathrin adaptors, CALM and AP2. Here we demonstrate that depletion of CALM causes a substantial increase in the ratio of “open” clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) to “necked”/“closed” CCVs and a doubling of CCP/CCV diameter, whereas AP2 depletion has opposite effects. Depletion of either adaptor, however, significantly inhibits endocytosis of transferrin and epidermal growth factor. The phenotypic effects of CALM depletion can be rescued by re-expression of wild-type CALM, but not with CALM that lacks a functional N-terminal, membrane-inserting, curvature-sensing/driving amphipathic helix, the existence and properties of which are demonstrated. CALM is thus a major factor in controlling CCV size and maturation and hence in determining the rates of endocytic cargo uptake. CALM loss increases size and frequency of early endocytic clathrin-coated structures Depletion of CALM slows endocytic clathrin-coated pit maturation and endocytic rate CALM possesses an N-terminal, membrane-curvature-sensing/driving amphipathic helix Clathrin-coated pit maturation is regulated by CALM’s N-terminal amphipathic helix
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Signe Mathiasen
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Fabienne Pierre
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, UPR3082 CNRS - Bat 34, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard T Kelly
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nikolay Kladt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christien J Merrifield
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, UPR3082 CNRS - Bat 34, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute of Biochemistry I and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - David J Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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19
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Schloesser HA, Drebber U, Thelen M, Kloth M, Rothschild S, Garcia-Marquez M, Zoghi S, Urbanski A, Alakus H, Schauss A, Theurich S, Warnecke-Eberz U, Stippel DL, Hölscher AH, Zander T, Moenig SP, von Bergwelt-Baildon MS. Comprehensive characterization of PDL-1 and CTLA-4 in gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Anton Schloesser
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute for Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Thelen
- University of Cologne, Cologne Interventional Immunology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kloth
- Institute for Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Sharam Zoghi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Urbanski
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- University of Cologne, Cluster of Excellence in Aging-Associated Disease, Core Facility Imaging, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Warnecke-Eberz
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Ludger Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Zander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Paul Moenig
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Papadopoulos C, Orso G, Mancuso G, Herholz M, Gumeni S, Tadepalle N, Jüngst C, Tzschichholz A, Schauss A, Höning S, Trifunovic A, Daga A, Rugarli EI. Spastin binds to lipid droplets and affects lipid metabolism. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005149. [PMID: 25875445 PMCID: PMC4395272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SPAST, encoding spastin, are the most common cause of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSP is characterized by weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs, owing to progressive retrograde degeneration of the long corticospinal axons. Spastin is a conserved microtubule (MT)-severing protein, involved in processes requiring rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in concert to membrane remodeling, such as neurite branching, axonal growth, midbody abscission, and endosome tubulation. Two isoforms of spastin are synthesized from alternative initiation codons (M1 and M87). We now show that spastin-M1 can sort from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to pre- and mature lipid droplets (LDs). A hydrophobic motif comprised of amino acids 57 through 86 of spastin was sufficient to direct a reporter protein to LDs, while mutation of arginine 65 to glycine abolished LD targeting. Increased levels of spastin-M1 expression reduced the number but increased the size of LDs. Expression of a mutant unable to bind and sever MTs caused clustering of LDs. Consistent with these findings, ubiquitous overexpression of Dspastin in Drosophila led to bigger and less numerous LDs in the fat bodies and increased triacylglycerol levels. In contrast, Dspastin overexpression increased LD number when expressed specifically in skeletal muscles or nerves. Downregulation of Dspastin and expression of a dominant-negative variant decreased LD number in Drosophila nerves, skeletal muscle and fat bodies, and reduced triacylglycerol levels in the larvae. Moreover, we found reduced amount of fat stores in intestinal cells of worms in which the spas-1 homologue was either depleted by RNA interference or deleted. Taken together, our data uncovers an evolutionarily conserved role of spastin as a positive regulator of LD metabolism and open up the possibility that dysfunction of LDs in axons may contribute to the pathogenesis of HSP. Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically heterogeneous neurological disease characterized by weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs, caused by progressive retrograde degeneration of the corticospinal axons, the longest in the central nervous system. The most commonly mutated gene in autosomal dominant forms of HSP, SPAST, encodes for spastin, a microtubule-severing protein. Spastin has been implicated in several processes involving remodeling of membrane structures. We now show that the longest spastin form, spastin-M1, harbors a lipid droplet targeting sequence, which allows targeting of the protein to the surface of lipid droplets, the organelles where cells store neutral lipids. Furthermore, we demonstrate that depletion of the homologous spastin proteins in both flies and worms affects lipid droplet number and triacylglycerol content. Our study adds to recent discoveries that implicate other HSP proteins in lipid droplet and lipid metabolism, and strongly suggests that lipid droplet dysfunction in neurons should be investigated to understand pathogenesis of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisovalantis Papadopoulos
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Genny Orso
- "E. MEDEA" Scientific Institute, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Marija Herholz
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nimesha Tadepalle
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Tzschichholz
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Daga
- "E. MEDEA" Scientific Institute, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Elena I. Rugarli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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21
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Anton F, Fres JM, Schauss A, Pinson B, Praefcke GJK, Langer T, Escobar-Henriques M. Ugo1 and Mdm30 act sequentially during Fzo1-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane fusion. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:1126-35. [PMID: 21385840 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.073080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-related GTPase proteins (DRPs) are main players in membrane remodelling. Conserved DRPs called mitofusins (Mfn1/Mfn2/Fzo1) mediate the fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes (OM). OM fusion depends on self-assembly and GTPase activity of mitofusins as well as on two other proteins, Ugo1 and Mdm30. Here, we define distinct steps of the OM fusion cycle using in vitro and in vivo approaches. We demonstrate that yeast Fzo1 assembles into homo-dimers, depending on Ugo1 and on GTP binding to Fzo1. Fzo1 homo-dimers further associate upon formation of mitochondrial contacts, allowing membrane tethering. Subsequent GTP hydrolysis is required for Fzo1 ubiquitylation by the F-box protein Mdm30. Finally, Mdm30-dependent degradation of Fzo1 completes Fzo1 function in OM fusion. Our results thus unravel functions of Ugo1 and Mdm30 at distinct steps during OM fusion and suggest that protein clearance confers a non-cycling mechanism to mitofusins, which is distinct from other cellular membrane fusion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Anton
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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22
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Zunino R, Schauss A, Rippstein P, Andrade-Navarro M, McBride HM. The SUMO protease SENP5 is required to maintain mitochondrial morphology and function. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:1178-88. [PMID: 17341580 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo regulated fission and fusion events that are essential to maintain metabolic stability. We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial fission GTPase DRP1 is a substrate for SUMOylation. To further understand how SUMOylation impacts mitochondrial function, we searched for a SUMO protease that may affect mitochondrial dynamics. We demonstrate that the cytosolic pool of SENP5 catalyzes the cleavage of SUMO1 from a number of mitochondrial substrates. Overexpression of SENP5 rescues SUMO1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation that is partly due to the downregulation of DRP1. By contrast, silencing of SENP5 results in a fragmented and altered morphology. DRP1 was stably mono-SUMOylated in these cells, suggesting that SUMOylation leads to increased DRP1 mediated fission. In addition, the reduction of SENP5 levels resulted in a significant increase in the production of free radicals. Reformation of the mitochondrial tubules by expressing the dominant interfering DRP1 or by RNA silencing of endogenous DRP1 protein rescued both the morphological aberrations and the increased production of ROS induced by downregulation of SENP5. These data demonstrate the importance of SENP5 as a new regulator of SUMO1 proteolysis from mitochondrial targets, impacting mitochondrial morphology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Zunino
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Rm H445A, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
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23
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Weber U, Rettig H, Schauss A. [Femoral neck fracture in childhood. I. General findings]. Unfallchirurg 1985; 88:505-11. [PMID: 4071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rettig H, Schauss A. [Femoral neck fractures in the growing skeleton]. Unfallchirurgie 1984; 10:36-39. [PMID: 6710662 DOI: 10.1007/bf02585577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Prognosis and therapy of fractures of the neck of the femur are identical in children and adults. The results of injuries to the neck of the femur in children are determined by the path of vessels to the femoral head and the neck of the femur. 28 cases have been followed up, partly for 25 years. These observations allow to draw the conclusion that fractures of the neck of the femur in children have to be treated as acute lesions in order to avoid severe late consequences for the hip joint. The fractures of the neck of the femur are classified according to Ratliff. The transcervical fracture is the most frequent injury. Late consequences are treated by correction osteotomy, chip implantation, and boring, according to the extent of necrosis and deformity.
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