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Petitjean II, Tran QD, Goutou A, Kabir Z, Wiche G, Leduc C, Koenderink GH. Reconstitution of cytolinker-mediated crosstalk between actin and vimentin. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151403. [PMID: 38503131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell shape and motility are determined by the cytoskeleton, an interpenetrating network of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. The biophysical properties of each filament type individually have been studied extensively by cell-free reconstitution. By contrast, the interactions between the three cytoskeletal networks are relatively unexplored. They are coupled via crosslinkers of the plakin family such as plectin. These are challenging proteins for reconstitution because of their giant size and multidomain structure. Here we engineer a recombinant actin-vimentin crosslinker protein called 'ACTIF' that provides a minimal model system for plectin, recapitulating its modular design with actin-binding and intermediate filament-binding domains separated by a coiled-coil linker for dimerisation. We show by fluorescence and electron microscopy that ACTIF has a high binding affinity for vimentin and actin and creates mixed actin-vimentin bundles. Rheology measurements show that ACTIF-mediated crosslinking strongly stiffens actin-vimentin composites. Finally, we demonstrate the modularity of this approach by creating an ACTIF variant with the intermediate filament binding domain of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli. Our protein engineering approach provides a new cell-free system for the biophysical characterization of intermediate filament-binding crosslinkers and for understanding the mechanical synergy between actin and vimentin in mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Istúriz Petitjean
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Quang D Tran
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Angeliki Goutou
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zima Kabir
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Leduc
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, Paris F-75013, France.
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
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2
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Žugec M, Furlani B, Castañon MJ, Rituper B, Fischer I, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo GMV, Di Rosa M, Tibullo D, Parenti R, Vicario N, Simčič S, Pozo Devoto VM, Stokin GB, Wiche G, Jorgačevski J, Zorec R, Potokar M. Plectin plays a role in the migration and volume regulation of astrocytes: a potential biomarker of glioblastoma. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:14. [PMID: 38263015 PMCID: PMC10807171 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and intermediate filament (IF) proteins is altered in malignant glioblastoma (GBM), yet the expression of the major IF-based cytolinker, plectin (PLEC), and its contribution to GBM migration and invasiveness, are unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of plectin in affecting the distribution of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, migratory properties, and regulation of cell volume in astrocytes. METHODS In human GBM, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), AQP4 and PLEC transcripts was analyzed using publicly available datasets, and the colocalization of PLEC with AQP4 and with GFAP was determined by immunohistochemistry. We performed experiments on wild-type and plectin-deficient primary and immortalized mouse astrocytes, human astrocytes and permanent cell lines (U-251 MG and T98G) derived from a human malignant GBM. The expression of plectin isoforms in mouse astrocytes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Transfection, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy were used to assess plectin-induced alterations in the distribution of the cytoskeleton, the influence of plectin and its isoforms on the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, and the presence of plectin at the plasma membrane. The release of plectin from cells was measured by ELISA. The migration and dynamics of cell volume regulation of immortalized astrocytes were assessed by the wound-healing assay and calcein labeling, respectively. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between plectin and AQP4 at the level of gene expression and protein localization in tumorous brain samples. Deficiency of plectin led to a decrease in the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates and altered distribution and bundling of the cytoskeleton. Astrocytes predominantly expressed P1c, P1e, and P1g plectin isoforms. The predominant plectin isoform associated with plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates was P1c, which also affected the mobility of astrocytes most prominently. In the absence of plectin, the collective migration of astrocytes was impaired and the dynamics of cytoplasmic volume changes in peripheral cell regions decreased. Plectin's abundance on the plasma membrane surface and its release from cells were increased in the GBM cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Plectin affects cellular properties that contribute to the pathology of GBM. The observed increase in both cell surface and released plectin levels represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the diagnostics and treatment of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Žugec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Furlani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria J Castañon
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boštjan Rituper
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M V Barbagallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saša Simčič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victorio Martin Pozo Devoto
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Winter L, Staszewska-Daca I, Zittrich S, Elhamine F, Zrelski MM, Schmidt K, Fischer I, Jüngst C, Schauss A, Goldmann WH, Stehle R, Wiche G. Correction: Winter et al. Z-Disk-Associated Plectin (Isoform 1d): Spatial Arrangement, Interaction Partners, and Role in Filamin C Homeostasis. Cells 2023, 12, 1259. Cells 2023; 12:2677. [PMID: 38067197 PMCID: PMC10705187 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors wish to make the following changes to their paper [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilona Staszewska-Daca
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
| | - Stefan Zittrich
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatiha Elhamine
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela M. Zrelski
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility for Cell Imaging & Ultrastructure Research (CIUS), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
| | - Christian Jüngst
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stehle
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (L.W.)
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Beedle AE, Jaganathan A, Albajar-Sigalés A, Yavitt FM, Bera K, Andreu I, Granero-Moya I, Zalvidea D, Kechagia Z, Wiche G, Trepat X, Ivaska J, Anseth KS, Shenoy VB, Roca-Cusachs P. Fibrillar adhesion dynamics govern the timescales of nuclear mechano-response via the vimentin cytoskeleton. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.08.566191. [PMID: 37986921 PMCID: PMC10659263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The cell nucleus is continuously exposed to external signals, of both chemical and mechanical nature. To ensure proper cellular response, cells need to regulate not only the transmission of these signals, but also their timing and duration. Such timescale regulation is well described for fluctuating chemical signals, but if and how it applies to mechanical signals reaching the nucleus is still unknown. Here we demonstrate that the formation of fibrillar adhesions locks the nucleus in a mechanically deformed conformation, setting the mechanical response timescale to that of fibrillar adhesion remodelling (~1 hour). This process encompasses both mechanical deformation and associated mechanotransduction (such as via YAP), in response to both increased and decreased mechanical stimulation. The underlying mechanism is the anchoring of the vimentin cytoskeleton to fibrillar adhesions and the extracellular matrix through plectin 1f, which maintains nuclear deformation. Our results reveal a mechanism to regulate the timescale of mechanical adaptation, effectively setting a low pass filter to mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E.M. Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anuja Jaganathan
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aina Albajar-Sigalés
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Max Yavitt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303 USA
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303 USA
| | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, E-48940, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ignasi Granero-Moya
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dobryna Zalvidea
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zanetta Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303 USA
| | - Vivek B. Shenoy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Winter L, Staszewska-Daca I, Zittrich S, Elhamine F, Zrelski MM, Schmidt K, Fischer I, Jüngst C, Schauss A, Goldmann WH, Stehle R, Wiche G. Z-Disk-Associated Plectin (Isoform 1d): Spatial Arrangement, Interaction Partners, and Role in Filamin C Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:1259. [PMID: 37174658 PMCID: PMC10177080 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plectin, a highly versatile cytolinker protein, is crucial for myofiber integrity and function. Accordingly, mutations in the human gene (PLEC) cause several rare diseases, denoted as plectinopathies, with most of them associated with progressive muscle weakness. Of several plectin isoforms expressed in skeletal muscle and the heart, P1d is the only isoform expressed exclusively in these tissues. Using high-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, here we show that plectin is located within the gaps between individual α-actinin-positive Z-disks, recruiting and bridging them to desmin intermediate filaments (Ifs). Loss of plectin in myofibril bundles led to a complete loss of desmin Ifs. Loss of Z-disk-associated plectin isoform P1d led to disorganization of muscle fibers and slower relaxation of myofibrils upon mechanical strain, in line with an observed inhomogeneity of muscle ultrastructure. In addition to binding to α-actinin and thereby providing structural support, P1d forms a scaffolding platform for the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy machinery (CASA) by directly interacting with HSC70 and synpo2. In isoform-specific knockout (P1d-KO) mouse muscle and mechanically stretched plectin-deficient myoblasts, we found high levels of undigested filamin C, a bona fide substrate of CASA. Similarly, subjecting P1d-KO mice to forced swim tests led to accumulation of filamin C aggregates in myofibers, highlighting a specific role of P1d in tension-induced proteolysis activated upon high loads of physical exercise and muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilona Staszewska-Daca
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Zittrich
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatiha Elhamine
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela M. Zrelski
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility for Cell Imaging & Ultrastructure Research (CIUS), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jüngst
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- CECAD Imaging Facility, CECAD Forschungszentrum Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stehle
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Marks PC, Hewitt BR, Baird MA, Wiche G, Petrie RJ. Plectin linkages are mechanosensitive and required for the nuclear piston mechanism of three-dimensional cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar104. [PMID: 35857713 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-08-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrating through physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) substrates such as cell-derived matrix (CDM) use actomyosin and vimentin intermediate filaments to pull the nucleus forward and pressurize the front of the cell as part of the nuclear piston mechanism of 3D migration. In this study, we tested the role of the cytoskeleton cross-linking protein plectin in facilitating the movement of the nucleus through 3D matrices. We find that the interaction of F-actin and vimentin filaments in cells on 2D glass and in 3D CDM requires actomyosin contractility. Plectin also facilitated these interactions and interacts with vimentin in response to NMII contractility and substrate stiffness, suggesting that the association of plectin and vimentin is mechanosensitive. We find that this mechanosensitive plectin complex slows down 2D migration but is critical for pulling the nucleus forward and generating compartmentalized intracellular pressure in 3D CDM, as well as low-pressure lamellipodial migration in 3D collagen. Finally, plectin expression helped to polarize NMII to in front of the nucleus and to localize the vimentin network around the nucleus. Together, our data suggest that plectin cross-links vimentin and actomyosin filaments, organizes the vimentin network, and polarizes NMII to facilitate the nuclear piston mechanism of 3D cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati C Marks
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Breanne R Hewitt
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michelle A Baird
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryan J Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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7
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Wiche G. Plectin in Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091412. [PMID: 35563718 PMCID: PMC9103199 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Prechova M, Adamova Z, Schweizer AL, Maninova M, Bauer A, Kah D, Meier-Menches SM, Wiche G, Fabry B, Gregor M. Plectin-mediated cytoskeletal crosstalk controls cell tension and cohesion in epithelial sheets. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:212995. [PMID: 35139142 PMCID: PMC8932528 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated interplay of cytoskeletal networks critically determines tissue biomechanics and structural integrity. Here, we show that plectin, a major intermediate filament-based cytolinker protein, orchestrates cortical cytoskeletal networks in epithelial sheets to support intercellular junctions. By combining CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing and pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that in an F-actin-dependent context, plectin is essential for the formation of the circumferential keratin rim, organization of radial keratin spokes, and desmosomal patterning. In the absence of plectin-mediated cytoskeletal cross-linking, the aberrant keratin-desmosome (DSM)-network feeds back to the actin cytoskeleton, which results in elevated actomyosin contractility. Also, by complementing a predictive mechanical model with Förster resonance energy transfer-based tension sensors, we provide evidence that in the absence of cytoskeletal cross-linking, major intercellular junctions (adherens junctions and DSMs) are under intrinsically generated tensile stress. Defective cytoarchitecture and tensional disequilibrium result in reduced intercellular cohesion, associated with general destabilization of plectin-deficient sheets upon mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Prechova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Adamova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna-Lena Schweizer
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Miloslava Maninova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Delf Kah
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Gregor
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Krausova A, Buresova P, Sarnova L, Oyman-Eyrilmez G, Skarda J, Wohl P, Bajer L, Sticova E, Bartonova L, Pacha J, Koubkova G, Prochazka J, Spörrer M, Dürrbeck C, Stehlikova Z, Vit M, Ziolkowska N, Sedlacek R, Jirak D, Kverka M, Wiche G, Fabry B, Korinek V, Gregor M. Correction to: Plectin ensures intestinal epithelial integrity and protects colon against colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:529. [PMID: 35301446 PMCID: PMC9038531 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Krausova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Buresova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sarnova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gizem Oyman-Eyrilmez
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- grid.412730.30000 0004 0609 2225Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic ,grid.412727.50000 0004 0609 0692Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Wohl
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bartonova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pacha
- grid.418925.30000 0004 0633 9419Department of Epithelial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gizela Koubkova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XCzech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XCzech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Spörrer
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Dürrbeck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zuzana Stehlikova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vit
- University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechatronics Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Ziolkowska
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XInstitute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XCzech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirak
- grid.6912.c0000000110151740Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Health Studies, Liberec, Czech Republic ,grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ben Fabry
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gregor
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Abstract
Plectin, a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal linker protein, binds with high affinity to intermediate filaments of all types and connects them to junctional complexes, organelles, and inner membrane systems. In addition, it interacts with actomyosin structures and microtubules. As a multifunctional protein, plectin has been implicated in several multisystemic diseases, the most common of which is epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD). A great part of our knowledge about plectin’s functional diversity has been gained through the analysis of a unique collection of transgenic mice that includes a full (null) knockout (KO), several tissue-restricted and isoform-specific KOs, three double KOs, and two knock-in lines. The key molecular features and pathological phenotypes of these mice will be discussed in this review. In summary, the analysis of the different genetic models indicated that a functional plectin is required for the proper function of striated and simple epithelia, cardiac and skeletal muscle, the neuromuscular junction, and the vascular endothelium, recapitulating the symptoms of humans carrying plectin mutations. The plectin-null line showed severe skin and muscle phenotypes reflecting the importance of plectin for hemidesmosome and sarcomere integrity; whereas the ablation of individual isoforms caused a specific phenotype in myofibers, basal keratinocytes, or neurons. Tissue-restricted ablation of plectin rendered the targeted cells less resilient to mechanical stress. Studies based on animal models other than the mouse, such as zebrafish and C. elegans, will be discussed as well.
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11
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Abstract
This essay focuses on the role of plectin and its various isoforms in mediating intermediate filament (IF) network functions. It is based on previous studies that provided comprehensive evidence for a concept where plectin acts as an IF recruiter, and plectin-mediated IF networking and anchoring are key elements in IF function execution. Here, plectin’s global role as modulator of IF functionality is viewed from different perspectives, including the mechanical stabilization of IF networks and their docking platforms, contribution to cellular viscoelasticity and mechanotransduction, compartmentalization and control of the actomyosin machinery, connections to the microtubule system, and mechanisms and specificity of isoform targeting. Arguments for IF networks and plectin acting as mutually dependent partners are also given. Lastly, a working model is presented that describes a unifying mechanism underlying how plectin–IF networks mechanically control and propagate actomyosin-generated forces, affect microtubule dynamics, and contribute to mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Valencia RG, Mihailovska E, Winter L, Bauer K, Fischer I, Walko G, Jorgacevski J, Potokar M, Zorec R, Wiche G. Plectin dysfunction in neurons leads to tau accumulation on microtubules affecting neuritogenesis, organelle trafficking, pain sensitivity and memory. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:73-95. [PMID: 32484610 PMCID: PMC7891324 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Plectin, a universally expressed multi-functional cytolinker protein, is crucial for intermediate filament networking, including crosstalk with actomyosin and microtubules. In addition to its involvement in a number of diseases affecting skin, skeletal muscle, heart, and other stress-exposed tissues, indications for a neuropathological role of plectin have emerged. Having identified P1c as the major isoform expressed in neural tissues in previous studies, our aim for the present work was to investigate whether, and by which mechanism(s), the targeted deletion of this isoform affects neuritogenesis and proper nerve cell functioning. METHODS For ex vivo phenotyping, we used dorsal root ganglion and hippocampal neurons derived from isoform P1c-deficient and plectin-null mice, complemented by in vitro experiments using purified proteins and cell fractions. To assess the physiological significance of the phenotypic alterations observed in P1c-deficient neurons, P1c-deficient and wild-type littermate mice were subjected to standard behavioural tests. RESULTS We demonstrate that P1c affects axonal microtubule dynamics by isoform-specific interaction with tubulin. P1c deficiency in neurons leads to altered dynamics of microtubules and excessive association with tau protein, affecting neuritogenesis, neurite branching, growth cone morphology, and translocation and directionality of movement of vesicles and mitochondria. On the organismal level, we found P1c deficiency manifesting as impaired pain sensitivity, diminished learning capabilities and reduced long-term memory of mice. CONCLUSIONS Revealing a regulatory role of plectin scaffolds in microtubule-dependent nerve cell functions, our results have potential implications for cytoskeleton-related neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. G. Valencia
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of ImmunologyUniversity Children’s Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - E. Mihailovska
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
AFFiRiS AGViennaAustria
| | - L. Winter
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Neuromuscular Research DepartmentCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - K. Bauer
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - I. Fischer
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Walko
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - J. Jorgacevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - M. Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - R. Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - G. Wiche
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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13
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Krausova A, Buresova P, Sarnova L, Oyman-Eyrilmez G, Skarda J, Wohl P, Bajer L, Sticova E, Bartonova L, Pacha J, Koubkova G, Prochazka J, Spörrer M, Dürrbeck C, Stehlikova Z, Vit M, Ziolkowska N, Sedlacek R, Jirak D, Kverka M, Wiche G, Fabry B, Korinek V, Gregor M. Plectin ensures intestinal epithelial integrity and protects colon against colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:691-702. [PMID: 33674761 PMCID: PMC8076044 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plectin, a highly versatile cytolinker protein, provides tissues with mechanical stability through the integration of intermediate filaments (IFs) with cell junctions. Here, we hypothesize that plectin-controlled cytoarchitecture is a critical determinant of the intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. Mice lacking plectin in an intestinal epithelial cell (IEC; PleΔIEC) spontaneously developed colitis characterized by extensive detachment of IECs from the basement membrane (BM), increased intestinal permeability, and inflammatory lesions. Moreover, plectin expression was reduced in the colons of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and negatively correlated with the severity of colitis. Mechanistically, plectin deficiency in IECs led to aberrant keratin filament (KF) network organization and the formation of dysfunctional hemidesmosomes (HDs) and intercellular junctions. In addition, the hemidesmosomal α6β4 integrin (Itg) receptor showed attenuated association with KFs, and protein profiling revealed prominent downregulation of junctional constituents. Consistent with the effects of plectin loss in the intestinal epithelium, plectin-deficient IECs exhibited remarkably reduced mechanical stability and limited adhesion capacity in vitro. Feeding mice with a low-residue liquid diet that reduced mechanical stress and antibiotic treatment successfully mitigated epithelial damage in the PleΔIEC colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Krausova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Buresova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sarnova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gizem Oyman-Eyrilmez
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- grid.412730.30000 0004 0609 2225Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic ,grid.412727.50000 0004 0609 0692Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Wohl
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bartonova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pacha
- grid.418925.30000 0004 0633 9419Department of Epithelial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gizela Koubkova
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XCzech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XCzech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Spörrer
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Dürrbeck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zuzana Stehlikova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vit
- University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechatronics Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Ziolkowska
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XInstitute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XCzech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirak
- grid.6912.c0000000110151740Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Health Studie, Liberec, Czech Republic ,grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ben Fabry
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gregor
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XLaboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Argente-Escrig H, Schultheis D, Kamm L, Schowalter M, Thiel C, Türk M, Clemen CS, Muelas N, Castañón MJ, Wiche G, Herrmann H, Vilchez JJ, Schröder R. Plectin-related scapuloperoneal myopathy with treatment-responsive myasthenic syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:352-356. [PMID: 32757300 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Argente-Escrig
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre - ERN EURO-NMD, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Pathology and Ataxia Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Schultheis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Kamm
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Schowalter
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Türk
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C S Clemen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,Centre for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Muelas
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre - ERN EURO-NMD, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Pathology and Ataxia Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Castañón
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J J Vilchez
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre - ERN EURO-NMD, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERER and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Despite the remarkable complexity of the individual neuron and of neuronal circuits, it has been clear for quite a while that, in order to understand the functioning of the brain, the contribution of other cell types in the brain have to be accounted for. Among glial cells, astrocytes have multiple roles in orchestrating neuronal functions. Their communication with neurons by exchanging signaling molecules and removing molecules from extracellular space takes place at several levels and is governed by different cellular processes, supported by multiple cellular structures, including the cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments in astrocytes are emerging as important integrators of cellular processes. Astrocytes express five types of intermediate filaments: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); vimentin; nestin; synemin; lamins. Variability, interactions with different cellular structures and the particular roles of individual intermediate filaments in astrocytes have been studied extensively in the case of GFAP and vimentin, but far less attention has been given to nestin, synemin and lamins. Similarly, the interplay between different types of cytoskeleton and the interaction between the cytoskeleton and membranous structures, which is mediated by cytolinker proteins, are understudied in astrocytes. The present review summarizes the basic properties of astrocytic intermediate filaments and of other cytoskeletal macromolecules, such as cytolinker proteins, and describes the current knowledge of their roles in normal physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Mitsuhiro Morita
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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16
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Jirouskova M, Nepomucka K, Oyman-Eyrilmez G, Kalendova A, Havelkova H, Sarnova L, Chalupsky K, Schuster B, Benada O, Miksatkova P, Kuchar M, Fabian O, Sedlacek R, Wiche G, Gregor M. Plectin controls biliary tree architecture and stability in cholestasis. J Hepatol 2018; 68:1006-1017. [PMID: 29273475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Plectin, a highly versatile cytolinker protein, controls intermediate filament cytoarchitecture and cellular stress response. In the present study, we investigate the role of plectin in the liver under basal conditions and in experimental cholestasis. METHODS We generated liver-specific plectin knockout (PleΔalb) mice and analyzed them using two cholestatic liver injury models: bile duct ligation (BDL) and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding. Primary hepatocytes and a cholangiocyte cell line were used to address the impact of plectin on keratin filament organization and stability in vitro. RESULTS Plectin deficiency in hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells led to aberrant keratin filament network organization, biliary tree malformations, and collapse of bile ducts and ductules. Further, plectin ablation significantly aggravated biliary damage upon cholestatic challenge. Coincidently, we observed a significant expansion of A6-positive progenitor cells in PleΔalb livers. After BDL, plectin-deficient bile ducts were prominently dilated with more frequent ruptures corresponding to an increased number of bile infarcts. In addition, more abundant keratin aggregates indicated less stable keratin filaments in PleΔalb hepatocytes. A transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a compromised tight junction formation in plectin-deficient biliary epithelial cells. In addition, protein profiling showed increased expression of the adherens junction protein E-Cadherin, and inefficient upregulation of the desmosomal protein desmoplakin in response to BDL. In vitro analyses revealed a higher susceptibility of plectin-deficient keratin networks to stress-induced collapse, paralleled by elevated activation of p38 MAP kinase. CONCLUSION Our study shows that by maintaining proper keratin network cytoarchitecture and biliary epithelial stability, plectin plays a critical role in protecting the liver from stress elicited by cholestasis. LAY SUMMARY Plectin is a cytolinker protein capable of interconnecting all three cytoskeletal filament systems and linking them to plasma membrane-bound junctional complexes. In liver, the plectin-controlled cytoskeleton mechanically stabilizes epithelial cells and provides them with the capacity to adapt to increased bile pressure under cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Jirouskova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Nepomucka
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gizem Oyman-Eyrilmez
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Kalendova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Havelkova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sarnova
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bjoern Schuster
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Benada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Miksatkova
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Fabian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, Prague, and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Gregor
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Meier SM, Kreutz D, Winter L, Klose MHM, Cseh K, Weiss T, Bileck A, Alte B, Mader JC, Jana S, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharyya A, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Heffeter P, Berger W, Hartinger CG, Keppler BK, Wiche G, Gerner C. Innenrücktitelbild: Ein Organoruthenium-Tumortherapeutikum mit unerwartet hoher Selektivität für Plectin (Angew. Chem. 28/2017). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Matthias H. M. Klose
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | | | - Andrea Bileck
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Beatrix Alte
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Johanna C. Mader
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Samir Jana
- Department of Zoology; University of Calcutta; Indien
| | | | | | - Michaela Hejl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Walter Berger
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | | | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
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Meier SM, Kreutz D, Winter L, Klose MHM, Cseh K, Weiss T, Bileck A, Alte B, Mader JC, Jana S, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharyya A, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Heffeter P, Berger W, Hartinger CG, Keppler BK, Wiche G, Gerner C. Inside Back Cover: An Organoruthenium Anticancer Agent Shows Unexpected Target Selectivity For Plectin (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 28/2017). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Matthias H. M. Klose
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | | | - Andrea Bileck
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Beatrix Alte
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Johanna C. Mader
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Samir Jana
- Department für Zoology; University of Calcutta; 35 Ballygunge Circular Road India
| | - Annesha Chatterjee
- Department für Zoology; University of Calcutta; 35 Ballygunge Circular Road India
| | | | - Michaela Hejl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | | | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
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Meier SM, Kreutz D, Winter L, Klose MHM, Cseh K, Weiss T, Bileck A, Alte B, Mader JC, Jana S, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharyya A, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Heffeter P, Berger W, Hartinger CG, Keppler BK, Wiche G, Gerner C. An Organoruthenium Anticancer Agent Shows Unexpected Target Selectivity For Plectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8267-8271. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Matthias H. M. Klose
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | | | - Andrea Bileck
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Beatrix Alte
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Johanna C. Mader
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
| | - Samir Jana
- Department für Zoology; University of Calcutta; 35 Ballygunge Circular Road India
| | - Annesha Chatterjee
- Department für Zoology; University of Calcutta; 35 Ballygunge Circular Road India
| | | | - Michaela Hejl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
| | | | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Austria
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Austria
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Meier SM, Kreutz D, Winter L, Klose MHM, Cseh K, Weiss T, Bileck A, Alte B, Mader JC, Jana S, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharyya A, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Heffeter P, Berger W, Hartinger CG, Keppler BK, Wiche G, Gerner C. Ein Organoruthenium-Tumortherapeutikum mit unerwartet hoher Selektivität für Plectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Meier
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Matthias H. M. Klose
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | | | - Andrea Bileck
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Beatrix Alte
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Johanna C. Mader
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Samir Jana
- Department of Zoology; University of Calcutta; Indien
| | | | | | - Michaela Hejl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Walter Berger
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Krebsforschung; Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | | | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Forschungsplattform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”; Universität Wien und Medizinische Universität Wien; Österreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology MFPL; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Institut für Analytische Chemie; Universität Wien; Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
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Sutoh Yoneyama M, Hatakeyama S, Habuchi T, Inoue T, Nakamura T, Funyu T, Wiche G, Tsuboi S, Ohyama C. MP45-08 STABILIZATION OF INVADOPODIA BY PLECTIN- MEDIATED CONJUNCTION TO VIMENTIN INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT IS A CRITICAL MOLECULAR STEP OF INVASION AND EXTRAVASATION FOR METASTASIS IN BLADDER CANCER. J Urol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Osmanagic-Myers S, Rus S, Wolfram M, Brunner D, Goldmann WH, Bonakdar N, Fischer I, Reipert S, Zuzuarregui A, Walko G, Wiche G. Plectin reinforces vascular integrity by mediating crosstalk between the vimentin and the actin networks. Development 2015. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.132993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Eckharter C, Junker N, Winter L, Fischer I, Fogli B, Kistner S, Pfaller K, Zheng B, Wiche G, Klimaschewski L, Schweigreiter R. Schwann Cell Expressed Nogo-B Modulates Axonal Branching of Adult Sensory Neurons Through the Nogo-B Receptor NgBR. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:454. [PMID: 26635533 PMCID: PMC4655273 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the central nervous system (CNS) nerve fibers do regenerate in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) although in a clinically unsatisfying manner. A major problem is excessive sprouting of regenerating axons which results in aberrant reinnervation of target tissue and impaired functional recovery. In the CNS, the reticulon protein Nogo-A has been identified as a prominent oligodendrocyte expressed inhibitor of long-distance growth of regenerating axons. We show here that the related isoform Nogo-B is abundantly expressed in Schwann cells in the PNS. Other than Nogo-A in oligodendrocytes, Nogo-B does not localize to the myelin sheath but is detected in the ER and the plasma membrane of Schwann cells. Adult sensory neurons that are cultured on nogo-a/b deficient Schwann cells form significantly fewer axonal branches vs. those on wildtype Schwann cells, while their maximal axonal extension is unaffected. We demonstrate that this effect of Nogo-B on neuronal morphology is restricted to undifferentiated Schwann cells and is mediated by direct physical contact between these two cell types. Moreover, we show that blocking the Nogo-B specific receptor NgBR, which we find expressed on sensory neurons and to interact with Schwann cell expressed Nogo-B, produces the same branching phenotype as observed after deletion of Nogo-B. These data provide evidence for a novel function of the nogo gene that is implemented by the Nogo-B isoform. The remarkably specific effects of Nogo-B/NgBR on axonal branching, while leaving axonal extension unaffected, are of potential clinical relevance in the context of excessive axonal sprouting after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Eckharter
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Junker
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilli Winter
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Fogli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Steffen Kistner
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Schweigreiter
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
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Almeida FV, Walko G, McMillan JR, McGrath JA, Wiche G, Barber AH, Connelly JT. The cytolinker plectin regulates nuclear mechanotransduction in keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4475-86. [PMID: 26527396 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of mechanical forces to the nucleus is important for intracellular positioning, mitosis and cell motility, yet the contribution of specific components of the cytoskeleton to nuclear mechanotransduction remains unclear. In this study, we examine how crosstalk between the cytolinker plectin and F-actin controls keratin network organisation and the 3D nuclear morphology of keratinocytes. Using micro-patterned surfaces to precisely manipulate cell shape, we find that cell adhesion and spreading regulate the size and shape of the nucleus. Disruption of the keratin cytoskeleton through loss of plectin facilitated greater nuclear deformation, which depended on acto-myosin contractility. Nuclear morphology did not depend on direct linkage of the keratin cytoskeleton with the nuclear membrane, rather loss of plectin reduced keratin filament density around the nucleus. We further demonstrate that keratinocytes have abnormal nuclear morphologies in the epidermis of plectin-deficient, epidermolysis bullosa simplex patients. Taken together, our data demonstrate that plectin is an essential regulator of nuclear morphology in vitro and in vivo and protects the nucleus from mechanical deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Almeida
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS UK Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Gernot Walko
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - James R McMillan
- The National Diagnostic EB Laboratory, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Asa H Barber
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - John T Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
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Osmanagic-Myers S, Rus S, Wolfram M, Brunner D, Goldmann WH, Bonakdar N, Fischer I, Reipert S, Zuzuarregui A, Walko G, Wiche G. Plectin reinforces vascular integrity by mediating crosstalk between the vimentin and the actin networks. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4138-50. [PMID: 26519478 PMCID: PMC4712781 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin result in multisystemic diseases affecting skin and muscle with indications of additional vascular system involvement. To study the mechanisms underlying vascular disorders, we established plectin-deficient endothelial cell and mouse models. We show that apart from perturbing the vimentin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, plectin deficiency leads to severe distortions of adherens junctions (AJs), as well as tight junctions, accompanied by an upregulation of actin stress fibres and increased cellular contractility. Plectin-deficient endothelial cell layers were more leaky and showed reduced mechanical resilience in fluid-shear stress and mechanical stretch experiments. We suggest that the distorted AJs and upregulated actin stress fibres in plectin-deficient cells are rooted in perturbations of the vimentin cytoskeleton, as similar phenotypes could be mimicked in wild-type cells by disruption of vimentin filaments. In vivo studies in endothelium-restricted conditional plectin-knockout mice revealed significant distortions of AJs in stress-prone aortic arch regions and increased pulmonary vascular leakage. Our study opens a new perspective on cytoskeleton-controlled vascular permeability, where a plectin-organized vimentin scaffold keeps actomyosin contractility ‘in-check’ and maintains AJ homeostasis. Summary: Plectin-arranged vimentin scaffolds keep actomyosin contractility ‘in-check’ and maintain cell–cell junction homeostasis, providing a new perspective on cytoskeleton-controlled vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Osmanagic-Myers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Rus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Brunner
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Navid Bonakdar
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aurora Zuzuarregui
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Staszewska I, Fischer I, Wiche G. Plectin isoform 1-dependent nuclear docking of desmin networks affects myonuclear architecture and expression of mechanotransducers. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7373-89. [PMID: 26487297 PMCID: PMC4664173 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plectin is a highly versatile cytoskeletal protein that acts as a mechanical linker between intermediate filament (IF) networks and various cellular structures. The protein is crucial for myofiber integrity. Its deficiency leads to severe pathological changes in skeletal muscle fibers of patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD). Skeletal muscle fibers express four major isoforms of plectin which are distinguished solely by alternative, relatively short, first exon-encoded N-terminal sequences. Each one of these isoforms is localized to a different subcellular compartment and plays a specific role in maintaining integrity and proper function(s) of myofibers. The unique role of individual isoforms is supported by distinct phenotypes of isoform-specific knockout mice and recently discovered mutations in first coding exons of plectin that lead to distinct, tissue-specific, pathological abnormalities in humans. In this study, we demonstrate that the lack of plectin isoform 1 (P1) in myofibers of mice leads to alterations of nuclear morphology, similar to those observed in various forms of MD. We show that P1-mediated targeting of desmin IFs to myonuclei is essential for maintenance of their typically spheroidal architecture as well as their proper positioning and movement along the myofiber. Furthermore, we show that P1 deficiency affects chromatin modifications and the expression of genes involved in various cellular functions, including signaling pathways mediating mechanotransduction. Mechanistically, P1 is shown to specifically interact with the myonuclear membrane-associated (BAR domain-containing) protein endophilin B. Our results open a new perspective on cytoskeleton-nuclear crosstalk via specific cytolinker proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Staszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Szabo S, Wögenstein KL, Österreicher CH, Guldiken N, Chen Y, Doler C, Wiche G, Boor P, Haybaeck J, Strnad P, Fuchs P. Epiplakin attenuates experimental mouse liver injury by chaperoning keratin reorganization. J Hepatol 2015; 62:1357-66. [PMID: 25617501 PMCID: PMC4451473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epiplakin is a member of the plakin protein family and exclusively expressed in epithelial tissues where it binds to keratins. Epiplakin-deficient (Eppk1(-/-)) mice displayed no obvious spontaneous phenotype, but their keratinocytes showed a faster keratin network breakdown in response to stress. The role of epiplakin in the stressed liver remained to be elucidated. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Eppk1(-/-) mice were subjected to common bile duct ligation (CBDL) or fed with a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-containing diet. The importance of epiplakin during keratin reorganization was assessed in primary hepatocytes. RESULTS Our experiments revealed that epiplakin is expressed in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and binds to keratin 8 (K8) and K18 via multiple domains. In several liver stress models epiplakin and K8 genes displayed identical expression patterns and transgenic K8 overexpression resulted in elevated hepatic epiplakin levels. After CBDL and DDC treatment, Eppk1(-/-) mice developed a more pronounced liver injury and their livers contained larger amounts of hepatocellular keratin granules, indicating impaired disease-induced keratin network reorganization. In line with these findings, primary Eppk1(-/-) hepatocytes showed increased formation of keratin aggregates after treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, a phenotype which was rescued by the chemical chaperone trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Finally, transfection experiments revealed that Eppk1(-/-) primary hepatocytes were less able to tolerate forced K8 overexpression and that TMAO treatment rescued this phenotype. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that epiplakin plays a protective role during experimental liver injuries by chaperoning disease-induced keratin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl L Wögenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph H Österreicher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurdan Guldiken
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Doler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Fuchs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Plectin is a large cytoskeletal linker protein with a multitude of functions affecting various cellular processes. It is expressed as several different isoforms from a highly complex gene. Both, this transcript diversity (mainly caused by short 5'-sequences contained in alternative first exons) and the size (>500 kDa) of the resulting proteins, present considerable challenges to plectin researchers. In this chapter, we will consider these problems and offer advice on how to tackle them best. As plectin has been studied most extensively in skin and muscle, we will focus on these types of tissues and describe some selected methods in detail. Foremost, however, we aim to give the readers some good pointers to available tools and into the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther A Rezniczek
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Lilli Winter
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gernot Walko
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Bührdel JB, Hirth S, Kessler M, Westphal S, Forster M, Manta L, Wiche G, Schoser B, Schessl J, Schröder R, Clemen CS, Eichinger L, Fürst DO, van der Ven PFM, Rottbauer W, Just S. In vivo characterization of human myofibrillar myopathy genes in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:217-23. [PMID: 25866181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are progressive diseases of human heart and skeletal muscle with a severe impact on life quality and expectancy of affected patients. Although recently several disease genes for myofibrillar myopathies could be identified, today most genetic causes and particularly the associated mechanisms and signaling events that lead from the mutation to the disease phenotype are still mostly unknown. To assess whether the zebrafish is a suitable model system to validate MFM candidate genes using targeted antisense-mediated knock-down strategies, we here specifically inactivated known human MFM disease genes and evaluated the resulting muscular and cardiac phenotypes functionally and structurally. Consistently, targeted ablation of MFM genes in zebrafish led to compromised skeletal muscle function mostly due to myofibrillar degeneration as well as severe heart failure. Similar to what was shown in MFM patients, MFM gene-deficient zebrafish showed pronounced gene-specific phenotypic and structural differences. In summary, our results indicate that the zebrafish is a suitable model to functionally and structurally evaluate novel MFM disease genes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Bührdel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sofia Hirth
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kessler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sören Westphal
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Monika Forster
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Manta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Schessl
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Institute for Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Winter L, Kuznetsov AV, Grimm M, Zeöld A, Fischer I, Wiche G. Plectin isoform P1b and P1d deficiencies differentially affect mitochondrial morphology and function in skeletal muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4530-44. [PMID: 26019234 PMCID: PMC4512624 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plectin, a versatile 500-kDa cytolinker protein, is essential for muscle fiber integrity and function. The most common disease caused by mutations in the human plectin gene, epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD), is characterized by severe skin blistering and progressive muscular dystrophy. Besides displaying pathological desmin-positive protein aggregates and degenerative changes in the myofibrillar apparatus, skeletal muscle specimens of EBS-MD patients and plectin-deficient mice are characterized by massive mitochondrial alterations. In this study, we demonstrate that structural and functional alterations of mitochondria are a primary aftermath of plectin deficiency in muscle, contributing to myofiber degeneration. We found that in skeletal muscle of conditional plectin knockout mice (MCK-Cre/cKO), mitochondrial content was reduced, and mitochondria were aggregated in sarcoplasmic and subsarcolemmal regions and were no longer associated with Z-disks. Additionally, decreased mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, respiratory function and altered adenosine diphosphate kinetics were characteristic of plectin-deficient muscles. To analyze a mechanistic link between plectin deficiency and mitochondrial alterations, we comparatively assessed mitochondrial morphology and function in whole muscle and teased muscle fibers of wild-type, MCK-Cre/cKO and plectin isoform-specific knockout mice that were lacking just one isoform (either P1b or P1d) while expressing all others. Monitoring morphological alterations of mitochondria, an isoform P1b-specific phenotype affecting the mitochondrial fusion-fission machinery and manifesting with upregulated mitochondrial fusion-associated protein mitofusin-2 could be identified. Our results show that the depletion of distinct plectin isoforms affects mitochondrial network organization and function in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany and
| | - Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Grimm
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anikó Zeöld
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria,
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Yoneyama MS, Hatakeyama S, Habuchi T, Inoue T, Nakamura T, Funyu T, Wiche G, Ohyama C, Tsuboi S. MP36-03 PLECTIN ANCHORING INVADOPODIA TO VIMENTIN INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT IS A CRITICAL MOLECULAR STEP FOR BLADDER CANCER CELL INVASION AND EXTRAVASATION FOR METASTASIS. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gostyńska KB, Nijenhuis M, Lemmink H, Pas HH, Pasmooij AMG, Lang KK, Castañón MJ, Wiche G, Jonkman MF. Mutation in exon 1a of PLEC, leading to disruption of plectin isoform 1a, causes autosomal-recessive skin-only epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3155-62. [PMID: 25712130 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PLEC, the gene encoding the cytolinker protein plectin, has eight tissue-specific isoforms in humans, arising by alternate splicing of the first exon. To date, all PLEC mutations that cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) were found in exons common to all isoforms. Due to the ubiquitous presence of plectin in mammalian tissues, EBS from recessive plectin mutations is always associated with extracutaneous involvement including muscular dystrophy, pyloric atresia and cardiomyopathy. We studied a consanguineous family with sisters having isolated blistering suggesting EBS. Skin disease started with foot blisters at walking age and became generalized at puberty while sparing mucous membranes. DNA sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.46C>T; p.Arg16X) in the first exon of the plectin variant encoding plectin isoform 1a (P1a). Immunofluorescence antigen mapping, transmission electron microscopy, western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed on patient skin and cultured keratinocytes, control myocardium and striated muscle samples. We found hypoplastic hemidesmosomes and intra-epidermal 'pseudo-junctional' cleavage fitting EBS. Screening for cardiomyopathy and muscle dystrophy showed no abnormalities. We report the first cases of autosomal-recessive EBS from P1a deficiency affecting skin, while mucous membranes, heart and muscle are spared. The dominant expression of the P1a isoform in epidermal basal cell layer and cultured keratinocytes suggests that mutations in the first exon of isoform 1a cause skin-only EBS without extracutaneous involvement. Our study characterizes yet another of the eight isoforms of plectin and adds a tissue-specific phenotype to the spectrum of 'plectinopathies' produced by mutations of unique first exons of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henny Lemmink
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Maria J Castañón
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Song JG, Kostan J, Drepper F, Knapp B, de Almeida Ribeiro E, Konarev PV, Grishkovskaya I, Wiche G, Gregor M, Svergun DI, Warscheid B, Djinović-Carugo K. Structural insights into Ca2+-calmodulin regulation of Plectin 1a-integrin β4 interaction in hemidesmosomes. Structure 2015; 23:558-570. [PMID: 25703379 PMCID: PMC4353693 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical stability of epithelial cells, which protect organisms from harmful external factors, is maintained by hemidesmosomes via the interaction between plectin 1a (P1a) and integrin α6β4. Binding of calcium-calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM) to P1a together with phosphorylation of integrin β4 disrupts this complex, resulting in disassembly of hemidesmosomes. We present structures of the P1a actin binding domain either in complex with the N-ter lobe of Ca2+-CaM or with the first pair of integrin β4 fibronectin domains. Ca2+-CaM binds to the N-ter isoform-specific tail of P1a in a unique manner, via its N-ter lobe in an extended conformation. Structural, cell biology, and biochemical studies suggest the following model: binding of Ca2+-CaM to an intrinsically disordered N-ter segment of plectin converts it to an α helix, which repositions calmodulin to displace integrin β4 by steric repulsion. This model could serve as a blueprint for studies aimed at understanding how Ca2+-CaM or EF-hand motifs regulate F-actin-based cytoskeleton. Calmodulin binds to plectin 1a via its N-terminal lobe in an extended conformation The disordered N-ter tail of plectin 1a folds in an α helix upon calmodulin binding Suitably positioned calmodulin displaces integrin β4 from complex with plectin 1a
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Geun Song
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julius Kostan
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedel Drepper
- Department of Functional Proteomics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology II and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Department of Functional Proteomics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology II and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Euripedes de Almeida Ribeiro
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr V Konarev
- EMBL-Hamburg c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irina Grishkovskaya
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Gregor
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4 CZ-14220, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- EMBL-Hamburg c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Department of Functional Proteomics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology II and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Djinović-Carugo
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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34
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Wiche G, Osmanagic-Myers S, Castañón MJ. Networking and anchoring through plectin: a key to IF functionality and mechanotransduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 32:21-9. [PMID: 25460778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are involved in multiple cellular processes that are essential for the maintenance of cell and tissue integrity as well as response and adaption to stress. Mainly through pathological manifestations in patients and the analysis of genetic mouse models, it became evident that cytolinker proteins of the plakin protein family are essential for many of the functions ascribed to IFs. As discussed in this review, one of them, plectin, affects the assembly properties, interaction potential, compartmentalization, and linkage properties of IFs, making it to a key player for IF functionality. The far reaching consequences of IFs not being well-connected for skin and muscular integrity, migration, and mechanotransduction are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Selma Osmanagic-Myers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria J Castañón
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mihailovska E, Raith M, Valencia RG, Fischer I, Al Banchaabouchi M, Herbst R, Wiche G. Neuromuscular synapse integrity requires linkage of acetylcholine receptors to postsynaptic intermediate filament networks via rapsyn-plectin 1f complexes. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:4130-49. [PMID: 25318670 PMCID: PMC4263455 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
P1f, a specific isoform of the cytolinker protein plectin, bridges AChRs to the desmin IF network of myofibers via direct interaction with the AChR-scaffolding protein rapsyn. P1f-mediated IF linkage is crucial for the formation and maintenance of AChR clusters, postsynaptic organization of the NMJ, and body locomotion. Mutations in the cytolinker protein plectin lead to grossly distorted morphology of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS)-muscular dystrophy (MS) with myasthenic syndrome (MyS). Here we investigated whether plectin contributes to the structural integrity of NMJs by linking them to the postsynaptic intermediate filament (IF) network. Live imaging of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in cultured myotubes differentiated ex vivo from immortalized plectin-deficient myoblasts revealed them to be highly mobile and unable to coalesce into stable clusters, in contrast to wild-type cells. We found plectin isoform 1f (P1f) to bridge AChRs and IFs via direct interaction with the AChR-scaffolding protein rapsyn in an isoform-specific manner; forced expression of P1f in plectin-deficient cells rescued both compromised AChR clustering and IF network anchoring. In conditional plectin knockout mice with gene disruption in muscle precursor/satellite cells (Pax7-Cre/cKO), uncoupling of AChRs from IFs was shown to lead to loss of postsynaptic membrane infoldings and disorganization of the NMJ microenvironment, including its invasion by microtubules. In their phenotypic behavior, mutant mice closely mimicked EBS-MD-MyS patients, including impaired body balance, severe muscle weakness, and reduced life span. Our study demonstrates that linkage to desmin IF networks via plectin is crucial for formation and maintenance of AChR clusters, postsynaptic NMJ organization, and body locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mihailovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Raith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rocio G Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mumna Al Banchaabouchi
- Preclinical Phenotyping Facility, Campus Science Support Facilities, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Herbst
- Center for Brain Research and Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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36
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Bonakdar N, Schilling A, Spörrer M, Lennert P, Mainka A, Winter L, Walko G, Wiche G, Fabry B, Goldmann WH. Determining the mechanical properties of plectin in mouse myoblasts and keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2014; 331:331-7. [PMID: 25447312 PMCID: PMC4325136 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plectin is the prototype of an intermediate filament (IF)-based cytolinker protein. It affects cells mechanically by interlinking and anchoring cytoskeletal filaments and acts as scaffolding and docking platform for signaling proteins to control cytoskeleton dynamics. The most common disease caused by mutations in the human plectin gene, epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD), is characterized by severe skin blistering and progressive muscular dystrophy. Therefore, we compared the biomechanical properties and the response to mechanical stress of murine plectin-deficient myoblasts and keratinocytes with wild-type cells. Using a cell stretching device, plectin-deficient myoblasts exhibited lower mechanical vulnerability upon external stress compared to wild-type cells, which we attributed to lower cellular pre-stress. Contrary to myoblasts, wild-type and plectin-deficient keratinocytes showed no significant differences. In magnetic tweezer measurements using fibronectin-coated paramagnetic beads, the stiffness of keratinocytes was higher than of myoblasts. Interestingly, cell stiffness, adhesion strength, and cytoskeletal dynamics were strikingly altered in plectin-deficient compared to wild-type myoblasts, whereas smaller differences were observed between plectin-deficient and wild-type keratinocytes, indicating that plectin might be more important for stabilizing cytoskeletal structures in myoblasts than in keratinocytes. Traction forces strongly correlated with the stiffness of plectin-deficient and wild-type myoblasts and keratinocytes. Contrary to that cell motility was comparable in plectin-deficient and wild-type myoblasts, but was significantly increased in plectin-deficient compared to wild-type keratinocytes. Thus, we postulate that the lack of plectin has divergent implications on biomechanical properties depending on the respective cell type. The intermediate filament-associated protein plectin has divergent biomechanical implications depending on cell/tissue type. In plectin−/− myoblasts, cell vulnerability, stiffness, strain and binding strength are lower than in wild-type cells. Plectin−/− keratinocytes exhibit higher cell stiffness, binding strength, strain and velocity than wild-type cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Bonakdar
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina Spörrer
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pablo Lennert
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Astrid Mainka
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lilli Winter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Wögenstein KL, Szabo S, Lunova M, Wiche G, Haybaeck J, Strnad P, Boor P, Wagner M, Fuchs P. Epiplakin deficiency aggravates murine caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and favors the formation of acinar keratin granules. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108323. [PMID: 25232867 PMCID: PMC4169488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiplakin, a member of the plakin protein family, is exclusively expressed in epithelial tissues and was shown to bind to keratins. Epiplakin-deficient (EPPK−/−) mice showed no obvious spontaneous phenotype, however, EPPK−/− keratinocytes displayed faster keratin network breakdown in response to stress. The role of epiplakin in pancreas, a tissue with abundant keratin expression, was not yet known. We analyzed epiplakin’s expression in healthy and inflamed pancreatic tissue and compared wild-type and EPPK−/− mice during caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. We found that epiplakin was expressed primarily in ductal cells of the pancreas and colocalized with apicolateral keratin bundles in murine pancreatic acinar cells. Epiplakin’s diffuse subcellular localization in keratin filament-free acini of K8-deficient mice indicated that its filament-associated localization in acinar cells completely depends on its binding partner keratin. During acute pancreatitis, epiplakin was upregulated in acinar cells and its redistribution closely paralleled keratin reorganization. EPPK−/− mice suffered from aggravated pancreatitis but showed no obvious regeneration phenotype. At the most severe stage of the disease, EPPK−/− acinar cells displayed more keratin aggregates than those of wild-type mice. Our data propose epiplakin to be a protective protein during acute pancreatitis, and that its loss causes impaired disease-associated keratin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl L. Wögenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Fuchs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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38
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Molt S, Bührdel JB, Yakovlev S, Schein P, Orfanos Z, Kirfel G, Winter L, Wiche G, van der Ven PFM, Rottbauer W, Just S, Belkin AM, Fürst DO. Aciculin interacts with filamin C and Xin and is essential for myofibril assembly, remodeling and maintenance. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3578-92. [PMID: 24963132 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.152157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin C (FLNc) and Xin actin-binding repeat-containing proteins (XIRPs) are multi-adaptor proteins that are mainly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles and which play important roles in the assembly and repair of myofibrils and their attachment to the membrane. We identified the dystrophin-binding protein aciculin (also known as phosphoglucomutase-like protein 5, PGM5) as a new interaction partner of FLNc and Xin. All three proteins colocalized at intercalated discs of cardiac muscle and myotendinous junctions of skeletal muscle, whereas FLNc and aciculin also colocalized in mature Z-discs. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments in developing cultured mammalian skeletal muscle cells demonstrated that Xin and aciculin also interact in FLNc-containing immature myofibrils and areas of myofibrillar remodeling and repair induced by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments showed that aciculin is a highly dynamic and mobile protein. Aciculin knockdown in myotubes led to failure in myofibril assembly, alignment and membrane attachment, and a massive reduction in myofibril number. A highly similar phenotype was found upon depletion of aciculin in zebrafish embryos. Our results point to a thus far unappreciated, but essential, function of aciculin in myofibril formation, maintenance and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Molt
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - John B Bührdel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sergiy Yakovlev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peter Schein
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Gregor Kirfel
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexey M Belkin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Winter L, Staszewska I, Mihailovska E, Fischer I, Goldmann WH, Schröder R, Wiche G. Chemical chaperone ameliorates pathological protein aggregation in plectin-deficient muscle. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1144-57. [PMID: 24487589 DOI: 10.1172/jci71919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed multifunctional cytolinker protein plectin is essential for muscle fiber integrity and myofiber cytoarchitecture. Patients suffering from plectinopathy-associated epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD) and mice lacking plectin in skeletal muscle display pathological desmin-positive protein aggregation and misalignment of Z-disks, which are hallmarks of myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs). Here, we developed immortalized murine myoblast cell lines to examine the pathogenesis of plectinopathies at the molecular and single cell level. Plectin-deficient myotubes, derived from myoblasts, were fully functional and mirrored the pathological features of EBS-MD myofibers, including the presence of desmin-positive protein aggregates and a concurrent disarrangement of the myofibrillar apparatus. Using this cell model, we demonstrated that plectin deficiency leads to increased intermediate filament network and sarcomere dynamics, marked upregulation of HSPs, and reduced myotube resilience following mechanical stretch. Currently, no specific therapy or treatment is available to improve plectin-related or other forms of MFMs; therefore, we assessed the therapeutic potential of chemical chaperones to relieve plectinopathies. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate resulted in remarkable amelioration of the pathological phenotypes in plectin-deficient myotubes as well as in plectin-deficient mice. Together, these data demonstrate the biological relevance of the MFM cell model and suggest that this model has potential use for the development of therapeutic approaches for EBS-MD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Desmin/metabolism
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Intermediate Filaments/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Strength/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myoblasts/physiology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/drug therapy
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Phenylbutyrates/pharmacology
- Phenylbutyrates/therapeutic use
- Plectin/deficiency
- Plectin/genetics
- Protein Stability
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Up-Regulation
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40
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Sutoh Yoneyama M, Hatakeyama S, Habuchi T, Inoue T, Nakamura T, Funyu T, Wiche G, Ohyama C, Tsuboi S. Vimentin intermediate filament and plectin provide a scaffold for invadopodia, facilitating cancer cell invasion and extravasation for metastasis. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:157-69. [PMID: 24810881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis, we have isolated a high-metastatic bladder cancer cell subpopulation from a low-metastatic cell line by using an in vivo selection system. Cells in the subpopulation showed a high ability to form invadopodia, the filamentous actin (F-actin)-based membrane protrusions that play an essential role in cancer cell invasion. Analysis of the gene expression profile revealed that the expression of an intermediate filament (IF) protein, vimentin and a cytoskeletal linker protein, plectin was up-regulated in the high-metastatic subpopulation compared with the low metastatic cell line. Here we report a novel role of vimentin IF and plectin in metastasis. In invasive bladder cancer cells, the vimentin IF-plectin-invadopodia F-actin link was formed. Disruption of this link severely impaired invadopodia formation, reducing the capacities of extracellular matrix degradation, transendothelial migration and metastasis. In addition, the vimentin assembly into the filaments was required for invadopodia formation. Our results suggest that plectin anchoring invadopodia to vimentin IF scaffolds and stabilizes invadopodia, which is a critical molecular process for cancer cell invasion and extravasation for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Sutoh Yoneyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Inoue
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Funyu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Cell Biology, Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tsuboi
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan; Department of Cancer Immunology and Cell Biology, Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, Hirosaki, Japan.
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41
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Moeton M, Kanski R, Stassen OMJA, Sluijs JA, Geerts D, Tijn P, Wiche G, Strien ME, Hol EM. Silencing GFAP isoforms in astrocytoma cells disturbs laminin‐dependent motility and cell adhesion. FASEB J 2014; 28:2942-54. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-245837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moeton
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Regina Kanski
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Oscar M. J. A. Stassen
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A. Sluijs
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceBrain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and HematologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paula Tijn
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Hubrecht InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax F. Perutz LaboratoriesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Miriam E. Strien
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elly M. Hol
- Astrocyte Biology and NeurodegenerationNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceBrain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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42
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Gregor M, Osmanagic-Myers S, Burgstaller G, Wolfram M, Fischer I, Walko G, Resch GP, Jörgl A, Herrmann H, Wiche G. Mechanosensing through focal adhesion-anchored intermediate filaments. FASEB J 2013; 28:715-29. [PMID: 24347609 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-231829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-based mechanotransduction involves a complex focal adhesion (FA)-associated machinery that is able to detect and respond to forces exerted either through components of the extracellular matrix or the intracellular contractile actomyosin network. Here, we show a hitherto unrecognized regulatory role of vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs) in this process. By studying fibroblasts in which vimentin IFs were decoupled from FAs, either because of vimentin deficiency (V0) or loss of vimentin network anchorage due to deficiency in the cytolinker protein plectin (P0), we demonstrate attenuated activation of the major mechanosensor molecule FAK and its downstream targets Src, ERK1/2, and p38, as well as an up-regulation of the compensatory feedback loop acting on RhoA and myosin light chain. In line with these findings, we show strongly reduced FA turnover rates in P0 fibroblasts combined with impaired directional migration, formation of protrusions, and up-regulation of "stretched" high-affinity integrin complexes. By exploiting tension-independent conditions, we were able to mechanistically link these defects to diminished cytoskeletal tension in both P0 and V0 cells. Our data provide important new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying cytoskeleton-regulated mechanosensing, a feature that is fundamental for controlled cell movement and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gregor
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Walko G, Wögenstein KL, Winter L, Fischer I, Feltri ML, Wiche G. Stabilization of the dystroglycan complex in Cajal bands of myelinating Schwann cells through plectin-mediated anchorage to vimentin filaments. Glia 2013; 61:1274-87. [PMID: 23836526 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have unmasked plectin, a uniquely versatile intermediate filament-associated cytolinker protein, to be essential for skin and skeletal muscle integrity. Different sets of isoforms of the protein were found to stabilize cells mechanically, regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, and serve as a scaffolding platform for signaling molecules. Here, we investigated whether a similar scenario prevails in myelinating Schwann cells. Using isoform-specific antibodies, the two plectin variants predominantly expressed in the cytoplasmic compartment (Cajal bands) of Schwann cells were identified as plectin (P)1 and P1c. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunolocalization experiments revealed complex formation of Cajal band plectin with β-dystroglycan, the core component of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex that in Schwann cells is crucial for the compartmentalization and stabilization of the myelin sheath. To study the functional implications of Schwann cell-specific plectin-β-dystroglycan interaction, we generated conditional (Schwann cell-restricted) plectin knockout mice. Ablation of plectin in myelinating Schwann cells (SCs) was found not to affect myelin sheath formation but to abrogate the tight association of the dystroglycan complex with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. We show that the disruption of this association leads to the destabilization of the dystroglycan complex combined with increased myelin sheath deformations observed in the peripheral nerve during ageing of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Walko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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44
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Abstract
Plectin is a large, 500-kDa, intermediate filament (IF)-associated protein. It acts as a cytoskeletal crosslinker and signaling scaffold, affecting mechanical as well as dynamic properties of the cytoskeleton. As a member of the plakin family of cytolinker proteins, plectin has a multidomain structure that is responsible for its vast binding portfolio. It not only binds to all types of IFs, actin filaments and microtubules, but also to transmembrane receptors, proteins of the subplasma membrane protein skeleton, components of the nuclear envelope, and several kinases with known roles in migration, proliferation, and energy metabolism of cells. Due to alternative splicing, plectin is expressed as various isoforms with differing N-terminal heads that dictate their differential subcellular targeting. Through specific interactions with other proteins at their target sites and their ability to bind to all types of IFs, plectin molecules provide strategically located IF anchorage sites within the cytoplasm of cells. In this review, we will present an overview of the structural features and functional properties of plectin and discuss recent progress in defining the role of its isoforms in stress-prone tissues and the implicated diseases, with focus on skin, skeletal muscle, and Schwann cells of peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Castañón
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Walko
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London School of Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Lilli Winter
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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45
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Raith M, Valencia RG, Fischer I, Orthofer M, Penninger JM, Spuler S, Rezniczek GA, Wiche G. Linking cytoarchitecture to metabolism: sarcolemma-associated plectin affects glucose uptake by destabilizing microtubule networks in mdx myofibers. Skelet Muscle 2013; 3:14. [PMID: 23758845 PMCID: PMC3695810 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-3-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most frequent forms of muscular disorders. It is caused by the absence of dystrophin, a core component of the sarcolemma-associated junctional complex that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. We showed previously that plectin 1f (P1f), one of the major muscle-expressed isoforms of the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin, accumulates at the sarcolemma of DMD patients as well as of mdx mice, a widely studied animal model for DMD.Based on plectin's dual role as structural protein and scaffolding platform for signaling molecules, we speculated that the dystrophic phenotype observed after loss of dystrophin was caused, at least to some extent, by excess plectin. Thus, we hypothesized that elimination of plectin expression in mdx skeletal muscle, while probably resulting in an overall more severe phenotype, may lead to a partial phenotype rescue. In particular, we wanted to assess whether excess sarcolemmal plectin contributes to the dysregulation of sugar metabolism in mdx myofibers. METHODS We generated plectin/dystrophin double deficient (dKO) mice by breeding mdx with conditional striated muscle-restricted plectin knockout (cKO) mice. The phenotype of these mice was comparatively analyzed with that of mdx, cKO, and wild-type mice, focusing on structural integrity and dysregulation of glucose metabolism. RESULTS We show that the accumulation of plectin at the sarcolemma of mdx muscle fibers hardly compensated for their loss of structural integrity. Instead, it led to an additional metabolic deficit by impairing glucose uptake. While dKO mice suffered from an overall more severe form of muscular dystrophy compared to mdx or plectin-deficient mice, sarcolemmal integrity as well as glucose uptake of their myofibers were restored to normal levels upon ablation of plectin. Furthermore, microtubule (MT) networks in intact dKO myofibers, including subsarcolemmal areas, were found to be more robust than those in mdx mice. Finally, myotubes differentiated from P1f-overexpressing myoblasts showed an impairment of glucose transporter 4 translocation and a destabilization of MT networks. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results we propose that sarcolemma-associated plectin acts as an antagonist of MT network formation in myofibers, thereby hindering vesicle-mediated (MT-dependent) transport of glucose transporter 4. This novel role of plectin throws a bridge between extra-sarcomeric cytoarchitecture and metabolism of muscle fibers. Our study thus provides new insights into pathomechanisms of plectinopathies and muscular dystrophies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Raith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Rocio G Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Michael Orthofer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Günther A Rezniczek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Marienhospital Herne), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Düngelstrasse 33, Herne, 44623, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
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46
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Valencia RG, Walko G, Janda L, Novacek J, Mihailovska E, Reipert S, Andrä-Marobela K, Wiche G. Intermediate filament-associated cytolinker plectin 1c destabilizes microtubules in keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:768-84. [PMID: 23363598 PMCID: PMC3596248 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-06-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of microtubules (MTs) from an assembled to a disassembled state plays an essential role in several cellular functions. While MT dynamics are often linked to those of actin filaments, little is known about whether intermediate filaments (IFs) have an influence on MT dynamics. We show here that plectin 1c (P1c), one of the multiple isoforms of the IF-associated cytolinker protein plectin, acts as an MT destabilizer. We found that MTs in P1c-deficient (P1c(-/-)) keratinocytes are more resistant toward nocodazole-induced disassembly and display increased acetylation. In addition, live imaging of MTs in P1c(-/-), as well as in plectin-null, cells revealed decreased MT dynamics. Increased MT stability due to P1c deficiency led to changes in cell shape, increased velocity but loss of directionality of migration, smaller-sized focal adhesions, higher glucose uptake, and mitotic spindle aberrations combined with reduced growth rates of cells. On the basis of ex vivo and in vitro experimental approaches, we suggest a mechanism for MT destabilization in which isoform-specific binding of P1c to MTs antagonizes the MT-stabilizing and assembly-promoting function of MT-associated proteins through an inhibitory function exerted by plectin's SH3 domain. Our results open new perspectives on cytolinker-coordinated IF-MT interaction and its physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio G Valencia
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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47
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Winter L, Wiche G. The many faces of plectin and plectinopathies: pathology and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:77-93. [PMID: 22864774 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plectin, a giant multifunctional cytolinker protein, plays a crucial role in stabilizing and orchestrating intermediate filament networks in cells. Mutations in the human plectin gene result in multiple diseases manifesting with muscular dystrophy, skin blistering, and signs of neuropathy. The most common disease caused by plectin deficiency is epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS)-MD, a rare autosomal-recessive skin blistering disorder with late-onset muscular dystrophy. EBS-MD patients and plectin-deficient mice display pathologic desmin-positive protein aggregates, degenerated myofibrils, and mitochondrial abnormalities, the hallmarks of myofibrillar myopathies. In addition to EBS-MD, plectin mutations have been shown to cause EBS-MD with a myasthenic syndrome, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2Q, EBS with pyloric atresia, and EBS-Ogna. This review focuses on clinical and pathological manifestations of these plectinopathies. It addresses especially plectin's role in skeletal muscle, where a loss of muscle fiber integrity and profound changes of myofiber cytoarchitecture are observed in its absence. Furthermore, the highly complex genetic and molecular structure of plectin is discussed; a high number of differentially spliced exons give rise to a variety of different isoforms, which fulfill distinct functions in different cell types and tissues. Plectin's abilities to act as a dynamic organizer of intermediate filament networks and to interact with a multitude of different interaction partners are the basis for its function as a scaffolding platform for proteins involved in signaling. Finally, the article addresses a series of genetically manipulated mouse lines that were generated to serve as powerful models to study functional and molecular consequences of plectin gene defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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48
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Teperino R, Amann S, Bayer M, McGee SL, Loipetzberger A, Connor T, Jaeger C, Kammerer B, Winter L, Wiche G, Dalgaard K, Selvaraj M, Gaster M, Lee-Young RS, Febbraio MA, Knauf C, Cani PD, Aberger F, Penninger JM, Pospisilik JA, Esterbauer H. Hedgehog partial agonism drives Warburg-like metabolism in muscle and brown fat. Cell 2012; 151:414-26. [PMID: 23063129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and cancer affect upward of 15% of the world's population. Interestingly, all three diseases juxtapose dysregulated intracellular signaling with altered metabolic state. Exactly which genetic factors define stable metabolic set points in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hedgehog signaling rewires cellular metabolism. We identify a cilium-dependent Smo-Ca(2+)-Ampk axis that triggers rapid Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming within minutes of activation and is required for proper metabolic selectivity and flexibility. We show that Smo modulators can uncouple the Smo-Ampk axis from canonical signaling and identify cyclopamine as one of a new class of "selective partial agonists," capable of concomitant inhibition of canonical and activation of noncanonical hedgehog signaling. Intriguingly, activation of the Smo-Ampk axis in vivo drives robust insulin-independent glucose uptake in muscle and brown adipose tissue. These data identify multiple noncanonical endpoints that are pivotal for rational design of hedgehog modulators and provide a new therapeutic avenue for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Teperino
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stuebeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
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49
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Thomsen C, Udhane S, Runnberg R, Wiche G, Ståhlberg A, Aman P. Fused in sarcoma (FUS) interacts with the cytolinker protein plectin: implications for FUS subcellular localization and function. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:653-61. [PMID: 22240165 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a multifunctional protein involved in transcriptional control, pre-mRNA processing, RNA transport and translation. The domain structure of FUS reflects its functions in gene regulation and its ability to interact with other proteins, RNA and DNA. By use of a recombinant fragment of FUS in pull-down experiments followed by mass spectrometry analysis we have identified a novel interaction between the FUS N-terminal and the cytolinker plectin. An in situ proximity ligation assay confirmed that FUS-plectin interactions take place in the cytoplasm of cells. Furthermore, plectin deficient cells showed an altered subcellular localization of FUS and a deregulated expression of mRNAs bound to FUS. Our results show that plectin is important for normal FUS localization and function. Mutations involving FUS are causative factors in sarcomas and leukemias and also hereditary forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Plectin deficiency causes epidermolysis bullosa, a disease involving the skin and neuromuscular system. The novel FUS-plectin interaction offers new perspectives for understanding the role of FUS and plectin mutations in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Thomsen
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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50
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Wiche G, Winter L. Plectin isoforms as organizers of intermediate filament cytoarchitecture. Bioarchitecture 2011; 1:14-20. [PMID: 21866256 PMCID: PMC3158638 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.1.1.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) form cytoplamic and nuclear networks that provide cells with mechanical strength. Perturbation of this structural support causes cell and tissue fragility and accounts for a number of human genetic diseases. In recent years, important additional roles, nonmechanical in nature, were ascribed to IFs, including regulation of signaling pathways that control survival and growth of the cells, and vectorial processes such as protein targeting in polarized cellular settings. The cytolinker protein plectin anchors IF networks to junctional complexes, the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic organelles and it mediates their cross talk with the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton. These functions empower plectin to wield significant influence over IF network cytoarchitecture. Moreover, the unusual diversity of plectin isoforms with different N termini and a common IF-binding (C-terminal) domain enables these isoforms to specifically associate with and thereby bridge IF networks to distinct cellular structures. Here we review the evidence for IF cytoarchitecture being controlled by specific plectin isoforms in different cell systems, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, lens fibers, lymphocytes, myocytes, keratinocytes, neurons and astrocytes, and discuss what impact the absence of these isoforms has on IF cytoarchitecture-dependent cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Max F. Perutz Laboratories; University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
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