1
|
Žugec M, Furlani B, Castañon MJ, Rituper B, Fischer I, Broggi G, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo GMV, Di Rosa M, Tibullo D, Parenti R, Vicario N, Simčič S, Pozo Devoto VM, Stokin GB, Wiche G, Jorgačevski J, Zorec R, Potokar M. Plectin plays a role in the migration and volume regulation of astrocytes: a potential biomarker of glioblastoma. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:14. [PMID: 38263015 PMCID: PMC10807171 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and intermediate filament (IF) proteins is altered in malignant glioblastoma (GBM), yet the expression of the major IF-based cytolinker, plectin (PLEC), and its contribution to GBM migration and invasiveness, are unknown. Here, we assessed the contribution of plectin in affecting the distribution of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, migratory properties, and regulation of cell volume in astrocytes. METHODS In human GBM, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), AQP4 and PLEC transcripts was analyzed using publicly available datasets, and the colocalization of PLEC with AQP4 and with GFAP was determined by immunohistochemistry. We performed experiments on wild-type and plectin-deficient primary and immortalized mouse astrocytes, human astrocytes and permanent cell lines (U-251 MG and T98G) derived from a human malignant GBM. The expression of plectin isoforms in mouse astrocytes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Transfection, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy were used to assess plectin-induced alterations in the distribution of the cytoskeleton, the influence of plectin and its isoforms on the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates, and the presence of plectin at the plasma membrane. The release of plectin from cells was measured by ELISA. The migration and dynamics of cell volume regulation of immortalized astrocytes were assessed by the wound-healing assay and calcein labeling, respectively. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between plectin and AQP4 at the level of gene expression and protein localization in tumorous brain samples. Deficiency of plectin led to a decrease in the abundance and size of plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates and altered distribution and bundling of the cytoskeleton. Astrocytes predominantly expressed P1c, P1e, and P1g plectin isoforms. The predominant plectin isoform associated with plasmalemmal AQP4 aggregates was P1c, which also affected the mobility of astrocytes most prominently. In the absence of plectin, the collective migration of astrocytes was impaired and the dynamics of cytoplasmic volume changes in peripheral cell regions decreased. Plectin's abundance on the plasma membrane surface and its release from cells were increased in the GBM cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Plectin affects cellular properties that contribute to the pathology of GBM. The observed increase in both cell surface and released plectin levels represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the diagnostics and treatment of GBMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Žugec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Furlani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria J Castañon
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boštjan Rituper
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M V Barbagallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saša Simčič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victorio Martin Pozo Devoto
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Disha-Ibrahimi S, Furlani B, Drevenšek G, Hudoklin S, Marc J, Žitnik IP, Sajovic J, Drevenšek M. Olanzapine decreased osteocyte maturation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during loading of the alveolar bone in rats. Biomol Biomed 2023; 23:114-125. [PMID: 35880348 PMCID: PMC9901902 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies indicate the influence of olanzapine on bone metabolism; however, the results are contradictory. We evaluated the effects of olanzapine on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, physiological alveolar bone turnover, and alveolar bone modeling due to an applied orthodontic force. Adult male rats (n=48) were treated with either olanzapine or a vehicle for 21 days; then 8 rats from each group were sacrificed and the rest were divided into 4 groups: control, appliance-only, olanzapine-only, and olanzapine-appliance. The rats in the appliance groups were mounted with a superelastic closed coil spring that maintained constant orthodontic force between molars and incisors. We studied the effects of olanzapine on physiological alveolar bone turnover on day 21 of the experiment, and on alveolar bone modeling due to orthodontic force on day 56. We determined tooth movement, alveolar bone volume, activity of bone-specific cells, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling target genes. During forced bone modeling, olanzapine increased osteoblast volume (P<0.0001) and ALP activity (P=0.0011) and decreased osteoclast volume (P<0.0001) and gene expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling target genes Fosl1, Axin2, and Dkk1(P=0.001, P=0.0076, and P=0.036, respectively), and the osteocyte markers Sost and Dmp1 (P=0.0432 and P=0.0021, respectively). Similar results were obtained during physiological alveolar bone turnover on day 21, when olanzapine downregulated the gene expression of osteocyte markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling target genes. We concluded that olanzapine attenuated osteocyte maturation during forced bone modeling and physiological alveolar bone turnover, potentially through downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranda Disha-Ibrahimi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Borut Furlani
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Drevenšek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Hudoklin
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Prodan Žitnik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Sajovic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Drevenšek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Correspondence to Martina Drevenšek:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Furlani B, Kouter K, Rozman D, Videtič Paska A. Sequencing of Nucleic Acids: from the First Human Genome to Next Generation Sequencing in {COVID}-19 Pandemic. Acta Chim Slov 2021; 68:268-278. [PMID: 34738119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being around for more than 40 years, DNA sequencing is regarded as young technology in clinical medicine. As sequencing is becoming cheaper, faster and more accurate, it is rapidly being incorporated into clinical laboratories. In 2003, the completion of the first human genome opened the door to personalized medicine. Ever since it has been expected for genomics to widely impact clinical care and public health. However, many years can pass for genomic discoveries to reflect back and benefit the patients. DNA sequencing represents a less biased approach to diagnostics. It is not only a diagnostic tool, but can also influence clinical management and therapy. As new technologies rapidly emerge it is important for researchers and health professionals to have basic knowledge about the capabilities and drawbacks of the existing sequencing methods, and their use in clinical setting and research. This review provides an overview of nucleic acid sequencing technologies from historical perspective and later focuses on clinical utilization of sequencing. Some of the most promising areas are presented with selected examples from Slovenian researchers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Furlani B, Kouter K, Rozman D, Videtič Paska A. Sequencing of Nucleic Acids: from the First Human Genome to Next Generation Sequencing in COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Chim Slov 2021. [DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2021.6691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being around for more than 40 years, DNA sequencing is regarded as young technology in clinical medicine. As sequencing is becoming cheaper, faster and more accurate, it is rapidly being incorporated into clinical laboratories. In 2003, the completion of the first human genome opened the door to personalized medicine. Ever since it has been expected for genomics to widely impact clinical care and public health. However, many years can pass for genomic discoveries to reflect back and benefit the patients. DNA sequencing represents a less biased approach to diagnostics. It is not only a diagnostic tool, but can also influence clinical management and therapy. As new technologies rapidly emerge it is important for researchers and health professionals to have basic knowledge about the capabilities and drawbacks of the existing sequencing methods, and their use in clinical setting and research. This review provides an overview of nucleic acid sequencing technologies from historical perspective and later focuses on clinical utilization of sequencing. Some of the most promising areas are presented with selected examples from Slovenian researchers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ibrahimi Disha S, Furlani B, Drevensek G, Plut A, Yanagisawa M, Hudoklin S, Prodan Žitnik I, Marc J, Drevensek M. The role of endothelin B receptor in bone modelling during orthodontic tooth movement: a study on ET B knockout rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14226. [PMID: 32848199 PMCID: PMC7450079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelin system has an important role in bone modelling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM); however, little is known about the involvement of endothelin B receptors (ETB) in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ETB in bone modelling during OTM using ETB knockout rats (ETB-KO). Thirty-two male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 per group): the ETB-KO appliance group, ETB-KO control group, wild type (ETB-WT) appliance group, and ETB-WT control group. The appliance consisted of a super-elastic closed-coil spring placed between the first and second left maxillary molar and the incisors. Tooth movement was measured on days 0 and 35, and maxillary alveolar bone volume, osteoblast, and osteoclast volume were determined histomorphometrically on day 35 of OTM. Next, we determined the serum endothelin 1 (ET-1) level and gene expression levels of the osteoclast activity marker cathepsin K and osteoblast activity markers osteocalcin and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) on day 35. The ETB-KO appliance group showed significantly lower osteoblast activity, diminished alveolar bone volume and less OTM than the ETB-WT appliance group. Our results showed that ETB is involved in bone modelling in the late stage of OTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ibrahimi Disha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Furlani
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Drevensek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Plut
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - S Hudoklin
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Prodan Žitnik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Drevensek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the cytologic and histologic features that differentiate benign from squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL)-associated cervical abnormal keratinization, defined as hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, or individual cell dyskeratosis. Fifty-four cervical Papanicoloau (Pap) smears that contained abnormally keratinized cells were reviewed without knowledge of the concurrent biopsy. Twenty-three Pap smears were diagnosed as SIL and the corresponding biopsy showed SIL in 21 (91%) of these cases. Of the 23 Pap smears diagnosed as negative for SIL, the corresponding biopsy in 20 cases (87%) showed benign (SIL negative) abnormal keratinization. Eight Pap smears showed squamous atypia, of these 5 showed SIL on biopsy, and the other 3 revealed benign keratinization. The Pap smear correlates of the 25 biopsies that were negative for SIL included marked hyperkeratosis (18/25-72 vs. 5/29-17% for biopsies with SIL) and regular nuclear membranes (16/18-89% cases with nucleated dyskeratotic cells vs. 5/29-17% for biopsies with SIL). The cytologic correlates of the 29 biopsies that showed SIL included irregular chromatin clumping (27/29-93% vs. 3/18-17% for biopsies without SIL), and a disorganized growth pattern (24/29-83 vs. 5/25-20% for biopsies without SIL). It is concluded that the cytologic distinction between benign and SIL-related Pap smears with abnormal keratinization can be reliably made by the degree of hyperkeratosis, nuclear chromaticity pattern and contour, and the growth pattern of the dyskeratotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Navarro
- Department of Pathology, SUNY at Stony Brook, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|