1
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Marks PC, Hewitt BR, Baird MA, Wiche G, Petrie RJ. Plectin linkages are mechanosensitive and required for the nuclear piston mechanism of three-dimensional cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar104. [PMID: 35857713 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-08-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrating through physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) substrates such as cell-derived matrix (CDM) use actomyosin and vimentin intermediate filaments to pull the nucleus forward and pressurize the front of the cell as part of the nuclear piston mechanism of 3D migration. In this study, we tested the role of the cytoskeleton cross-linking protein plectin in facilitating the movement of the nucleus through 3D matrices. We find that the interaction of F-actin and vimentin filaments in cells on 2D glass and in 3D CDM requires actomyosin contractility. Plectin also facilitated these interactions and interacts with vimentin in response to NMII contractility and substrate stiffness, suggesting that the association of plectin and vimentin is mechanosensitive. We find that this mechanosensitive plectin complex slows down 2D migration but is critical for pulling the nucleus forward and generating compartmentalized intracellular pressure in 3D CDM, as well as low-pressure lamellipodial migration in 3D collagen. Finally, plectin expression helped to polarize NMII to in front of the nucleus and to localize the vimentin network around the nucleus. Together, our data suggest that plectin cross-links vimentin and actomyosin filaments, organizes the vimentin network, and polarizes NMII to facilitate the nuclear piston mechanism of 3D cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati C Marks
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Breanne R Hewitt
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michelle A Baird
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryan J Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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2
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Curd A, Leng J, Hughes RE, Cleasby AJ, Rogers B, Trinh CH, Baird MA, Takagi Y, Tiede C, Sieben C, Manley S, Schlichthaerle T, Jungmann R, Ries J, Shroff H, Peckham M. Nanoscale Pattern Extraction from Relative Positions of Sparse 3D Localizations. Nano Lett 2021; 21:1213-1220. [PMID: 33253583 PMCID: PMC7883386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inferring the organization of fluorescently labeled nanosized structures from single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data, typically obscured by stochastic noise and background, remains challenging. To overcome this, we developed a method to extract high-resolution ordered features from SMLM data that requires only a low fraction of targets to be localized with high precision. First, experimentally measured localizations are analyzed to produce relative position distributions (RPDs). Next, model RPDs are constructed using hypotheses of how the molecule is organized. Finally, a statistical comparison is used to select the most likely model. This approach allows pattern recognition at sub-1% detection efficiencies for target molecules, in large and heterogeneous samples and in 2D and 3D data sets. As a proof-of-concept, we infer ultrastructure of Nup107 within the nuclear pore, DNA origami structures, and α-actinin-2 within the cardiomyocyte Z-disc and assess the quality of images of centrioles to improve the averaged single-particle reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair
P. Curd
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Leng
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Hughes
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa J. Cleasby
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Rogers
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Chi H. Trinh
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A. Baird
- Cell
and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Cell
and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Christian Tiede
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Sieben
- Laboratory
of Experimental Biophysics, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BSP 427 (Cubotron UNIL), Rte de
la Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suliana Manley
- Laboratory
of Experimental Biophysics, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BSP 427 (Cubotron UNIL), Rte de
la Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schlichthaerle
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Munich, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU
Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Munich, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU
Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Ries
- Cell Biology
and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular
Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hari Shroff
- Laboratory
of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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3
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Sampson EJ, Baird MA, Burtis CA, Smith EM, Witte DL, Bayse DD. A coupled-enzyme equilibrium method for measuring urea in serum: optimization and evaluation of the AACC study group on urea candidate reference method. Clin Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/26.7.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a coupled-enzyme equilibrium method for measuring urea in serum, which is performed on supernates prepared by treating each specimen with Ba(OH)2 and ZnSO4 (Somogyi reagent). Analytical recovery of [14C]urea added to a variety of matrices was essentially complete (mean, 100.6%) for the supernates after precipitation. Nine variables were univariately examined in arriving at the reaction conditions for the method: glutamate dehydrogenase, urease, 2-oxoglutarate, ADP, Tris . HCI, NADH, EDTA, pH, and temperature. The reagent is stable for at least 48 days at--20 degrees C and for 23 days at 4 degrees C. Mean analytical recovery of urea (14 mmol/L) added to seven different specimens (three different matrices) was 100.8%. The analytical linear range of the method extends to 30 mmol of urea per liter. Of 22 potential interferents, only bilirubin at 1 mmol/L (580 mg/L), hemoglobin at 10 g/L, and hydroxyurea at 6 mmol/L showed more than 2% interference. We discuss precision and effects of specimen dilution, and compare results for 100 human serum specimens with those measured for the same specimens with four other urea methods. We examined the effects of measuring a blank, consisting of sample and reagent without urease, with each specimen.
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4
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Abstract
Dynein is the sole processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor found in animals. It has roles in cell division, membrane trafficking, and cell migration. Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. In higher eukaryotes, dynein/dynactin requires additional components such as Bicaudal D to form an active motor complex and for regulating its cellular localization. Spindly is a protein that targets dynein/dynactin to kinetochores in mitosis and can activate its motility in vitro However, no role for Spindly in interphase dynein/dynactin function has been found. We show that Spindly binds to the cell cortex and microtubule tips and colocalizes with dynein/dynactin at the leading edge of migrating U2OS cells and primary fibroblasts. U2OS cells that lack Spindly migrated slower in 2D than control cells, although centrosome polarization appeared to happen properly in the absence of Spindly. Re-expression of Spindly rescues migration, but the expression of a mutant, which is defective for dynactin binding, failed to rescue this defect. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Spindly plays an important role in mediating a subset of dynein/dynactin's function in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Conte
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Michelle A Baird
- Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Eric R Griffis
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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5
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Skau CT, Fischer RS, Gurel P, Thiam HR, Tubbs A, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Piel M, Alushin GM, Nussenzweig A, Steeg PS, Waterman CM. Retraction Notice to: FMN2 Makes Perinuclear Actin to Protect Nuclei during Confined Migration and Promote Metastasis. Cell 2018; 173:529. [PMID: 29625058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Elliott AD, Bedard N, Ustione A, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Tkaczyk T, Piston DW. Hyperspectral imaging for simultaneous measurements of two FRET biosensors in pancreatic β-cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188789. [PMID: 29211763 PMCID: PMC5718502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent protein (FP) biosensors based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) are commonly used to study molecular processes in living cells. There are FP-FRET biosensors for many cellular molecules, but it remains difficult to perform simultaneous measurements of multiple biosensors. The overlapping emission spectra of the commonly used FPs, including CFP/YFP and GFP/RFP make dual FRET measurements challenging. In addition, a snapshot imaging modality is required for simultaneous imaging. The Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) is a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system that collects high resolution spectral data and can be used to overcome these challenges. We have previously demonstrated the IMS’s capabilities for simultaneously imaging GFP and CFP/YFP-based biosensors in pancreatic β-cells. Here, we demonstrate a further capability of the IMS to image simultaneously two FRET biosensors with a single excitation band, one for cAMP and the other for Caspase-3. We use these measurements to measure simultaneously cAMP signaling and Caspase-3 activation in pancreatic β-cells during oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, which are essential components in the pathology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amicia D. Elliott
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Noah Bedard
- Rice University, Bioengineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Ustione
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Baird
- The Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- The Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Tomasz Tkaczyk
- Rice University, Bioengineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David W. Piston
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Bertocchi C, Wang Y, Ravasio A, Hara Y, Wu Y, Sailov T, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Zaidel-Bar R, Toyama Y, Ladoux B, Mege RM, Kanchanawong P. Nanoscale architecture of cadherin-based cell adhesions. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:28-37. [PMID: 27992406 PMCID: PMC5421576 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multicellularity in animals requires dynamic maintenance of cell-cell contacts. Intercellularly ligated cadherins recruit numerous proteins to form supramolecular complexes that connect with the actin cytoskeleton and support force transmission. However, the molecular organization within such structures remains unknown. Here we mapped protein organization in cadherin-based adhesions by super-resolution microscopy, revealing a multi-compartment nanoscale architecture, with the plasma-membrane-proximal cadherin-catenin compartment segregated from the actin cytoskeletal compartment, bridged by an interface zone containing vinculin. Vinculin position is determined by α-catenin, and following activation, vinculin can extend ∼30 nm to bridge the cadherin-catenin and actin compartments, while modulating the nanoscale positions of the actin regulators zyxin and VASP. Vinculin conformational activation requires tension and tyrosine phosphorylation, regulated by Abl kinase and PTP1B phosphatase. Such modular architecture provides a structural framework for mechanical and biochemical signal integration by vinculin, which may differentially engage cadherin-catenin complexes with the actomyosin machinery to regulate cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yilin Wang
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Yusuke Hara
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Yao Wu
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Talgat Sailov
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Michelle A. Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 32310
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 32310
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 32306
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117583
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117543
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117604
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Rene-Marc Mege
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot and CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117583
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8
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Baird MA, Billington N, Wang A, Adelstein RS, Sellers JR, Fischer RS, Waterman CM. Local pulsatile contractions are an intrinsic property of the myosin 2A motor in the cortical cytoskeleton of adherent cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:240-251. [PMID: 27881665 PMCID: PMC5231893 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsatile dynamics of myosin 2A occurs in single cells, is unique to myosin 2A and not 2B, and is a result of the kinetics of the myosin-2A motor, whereas the myosin-2B motor is insufficient to induce this dynamic behavior. This pulsatile contraction is an inherent property of myosin-2A/F-actin networks in adherent cells. The role of nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) pulsatile dynamics in generating contractile forces required for developmental morphogenesis has been characterized, but whether these pulsatile contractions are an intrinsic property of all actomyosin networks is not known. Here we used live-cell fluorescence imaging to show that transient, local assembly of NM2A “pulses” occurs in the cortical cytoskeleton of single adherent cells of mesenchymal, epithelial, and sarcoma origin, independent of developmental signaling cues and cell–cell or cell–ECM interactions. We show that pulses in the cortical cytoskeleton require Rho-associated kinase– or myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity, increases in cytosolic calcium, and NM2 ATPase activity. Surprisingly, we find that cortical cytoskeleton pulses specifically require the head domain of NM2A, as they do not occur with either NM2B or a 2B-head-2A-tail chimera. Our results thus suggest that pulsatile contractions in the cortical cytoskeleton are an intrinsic property of the NM2A motor that may mediate its role in homeostatic maintenance of tension in the cortical cytoskeleton of adherent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Baird
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Neil Billington
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Aibing Wang
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James R Sellers
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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9
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Skau CT, Fischer RS, Gurel P, Thiam HR, Tubbs A, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Piel M, Alushin GM, Nussenzweig A, Steeg PS, Waterman CM. FMN2 Makes Perinuclear Actin to Protect Nuclei during Confined Migration and Promote Metastasis. Cell 2016; 167:1571-1585.e18. [PMID: 27839864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration in confined 3D tissue microenvironments is critical for both normal physiological functions and dissemination of tumor cells. We discovered a cytoskeletal structure that prevents damage to the nucleus during migration in confined microenvironments. The formin-family actin filament nucleator FMN2 associates with and generates a perinuclear actin/focal adhesion (FA) system that is distinct from previously characterized actin/FA structures. This system controls nuclear shape and positioning in cells migrating on 2D surfaces. In confined 3D microenvironments, FMN2 promotes cell survival by limiting nuclear envelope damage and DNA double-strand breaks. We found that FMN2 is upregulated in human melanomas and showed that disruption of FMN2 in mouse melanoma cells inhibits their extravasation and metastasis to the lung. Our results indicate a critical role for FMN2 in generating a perinuclear actin/FA system that protects the nucleus and DNA from damage to promote cell survival during confined migration and thus promote cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Skau
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pinar Gurel
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hawa Racine Thiam
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Tubbs
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Magnet Lab, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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10
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Githaka JM, Vega AR, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Jaqaman K, Touret N. Ligand-induced growth and compaction of CD36 nanoclusters enriched in Fyn induces Fyn signaling. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4175-4189. [PMID: 27694211 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoclustering is an emerging organizational principle for membrane-associated proteins. The functional consequences of nanoclustering for receptor signaling remain largely unknown. Here, we applied quantitative multi-channel high- and super-resolution imaging to analyze the endothelial cell surface receptor CD36, the clustering of which upon binding to multivalent ligands, such as the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), is thought to be crucial for signaling. We found that a substantial fraction of unligated CD36 exists in nanoclusters, which not only promote TSP-1 binding but are also enriched with the downstream effector Fyn. Exposure to multivalent ligands (TSP-1 or anti-CD36 IgM) that result in larger and denser CD36 clusters activates Fyn. Conversely, pharmacological perturbations that prevent the enhancement of CD36 clustering by TSP-1 abrogate Fyn activation. In both cases, there is no detectable change in Fyn enrichment at CD36 nanoclusters. These observations reveal a crucial role for the basal organization of a receptor into nanoclusters that are enriched with the signal-transducing downstream effectors of that receptor, such that enhancement of clustering by multivalent ligands is necessary and sufficient to activate the downstream effector without the need for its de novo recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Anthony R Vega
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Khuloud Jaqaman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nicolas Touret
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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11
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Ebrahim S, Avenarius MR, Grati M, Krey JF, Windsor AM, Sousa AD, Ballesteros A, Cui R, Millis BA, Salles FT, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Jones SM, Choi D, Dong L, Raval MH, Yengo CM, Barr-Gillespie PG, Kachar B. Stereocilia-staircase spacing is influenced by myosin III motors and their cargos espin-1 and espin-like. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10833. [PMID: 26926603 PMCID: PMC4773517 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cells tightly control the dimensions of their stereocilia, which are actin-rich protrusions with graded heights that mediate mechanotransduction in the inner ear. Two members of the myosin-III family, MYO3A and MYO3B, are thought to regulate stereocilia length by transporting cargos that control actin polymerization at stereocilia tips. We show that eliminating espin-1 (ESPN-1), an isoform of ESPN and a myosin-III cargo, dramatically alters the slope of the stereocilia staircase in a subset of hair cells. Furthermore, we show that espin-like (ESPNL), primarily present in developing stereocilia, is also a myosin-III cargo and is essential for normal hearing. ESPN-1 and ESPNL each bind MYO3A and MYO3B, but differentially influence how the two motors function. Consequently, functional properties of different motor-cargo combinations differentially affect molecular transport and the length of actin protrusions. This mechanism is used by hair cells to establish the required range of stereocilia lengths within a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthew R Avenarius
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jocelyn F Krey
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Alanna M Windsor
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Aurea D Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Runjia Cui
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Bryan A Millis
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Felipe T Salles
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Sherri M Jones
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - Dongseok Choi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Lijin Dong
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Manmeet H Raval
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Christopher M Yengo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Peter G Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Bechara Kachar
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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12
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Li D, Shao L, Chen BC, Zhang X, Zhang M, Moses B, Milkie DE, Beach JR, Hammer JA, Pasham M, Kirchhausen T, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Xu P, Betzig E. ADVANCED IMAGING. Extended-resolution structured illumination imaging of endocytic and cytoskeletal dynamics. Science 2016; 349:aab3500. [PMID: 26315442 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is distinct among nanoscale imaging tools in its ability to image protein dynamics in living cells. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) stands out in this regard because of its high speed and low illumination intensities, but typically offers only a twofold resolution gain. We extended the resolution of live-cell SIM through two approaches: ultrahigh numerical aperture SIM at 84-nanometer lateral resolution for more than 100 multicolor frames, and nonlinear SIM with patterned activation at 45- to 62-nanometer resolution for approximately 20 to 40 frames. We applied these approaches to image dynamics near the plasma membrane of spatially resolved assemblies of clathrin and caveolin, Rab5a in early endosomes, and α-actinin, often in relationship to cortical actin. In addition, we examined mitochondria, actin, and the Golgi apparatus dynamics in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Brian Moses
- Coleman Technologies, 5131 West Chester Pike, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA
| | - Daniel E Milkie
- Coleman Technologies, 5131 West Chester Pike, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mithun Pasham
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Pingyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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13
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Maringa Githaka J, Vega AR, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Jaqaman K, Touret N. Ligand-Induced Growth of CD36-Fyn Clusters Induces Signaling. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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14
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Rys JP, DuFort CC, Monteiro DA, Baird MA, Oses-Prieto JA, Chand S, Burlingame AL, Davidson MW, Alliston TN. Discrete spatial organization of TGFβ receptors couples receptor multimerization and signaling to cellular tension. eLife 2015; 4:e09300. [PMID: 26652004 PMCID: PMC4728123 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors are central to the cell's ability to generate coordinated responses to the multitude of biochemical and physical cues in the microenvironment. However, the mechanisms by which receptors enable this concerted cellular response remain unclear. To investigate the effect of cellular tension on cell surface receptors, we combined novel high-resolution imaging and single particle tracking with established biochemical assays to examine TGFβ signaling. We find that TGFβ receptors are discretely organized to segregated spatial domains at the cell surface. Integrin-rich focal adhesions organize TβRII around TβRI, limiting the integration of TβRII while sequestering TβRI at these sites. Disruption of cellular tension leads to a collapse of this spatial organization and drives formation of heteromeric TβRI/TβRII complexes and Smad activation. This work details a novel mechanism by which cellular tension regulates TGFβ receptor organization, multimerization, and function, providing new insight into the mechanisms that integrate biochemical and physical cues. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09300.001 Cells constantly encounter diverse physical and biological signals in their surroundings. Information contained in these signals is transmitted from the cell surface to the interior to trigger coordinated changes in the cell’s behavior. Physical signals include the forces generated by cells pulling on one another or on their surroundings. These pulling forces calibrate the cell’s response to biological signals through mechanisms that remain unclear. The cell surface contains many different proteins that are specialized to sense these signals and guide the cell’s response. In animals, these membrane proteins include the receptors that detect a small signaling protein known as TGFβ. TGFβ first binds to one of these receptors (called TβRII). Next another receptor (called TβRI) is recruited to the complex. Once this complex is formed, the TGFβ receptors activate a complicated signaling pathway that controls how cells grow and divide. Previous work has shown that the TGFβ pathway can also sense and respond to mechanical forces. But it remains poorly understood how pulling forces (or tension) impact TGFβ receptors at the cell surface. Rys, DuFort et al. have now used cutting-edge microscopy and biochemical techniques to analyze individual TβRI and TβRII receptors and observe how they respond to mechanical forces in real-time. This revealed that TβRI and TβRII exist in discrete regions on the cell surface. Rys, DuFort et al. observed that TβRI is enriched at assemblies of molecules called focal adhesions. Focal adhesions are the sites on cell surfaces that allow cells to adhere to one another and to the molecular scaffolding in their surroundings. Unlike TβRI, TβRII was often excluded from these sites and more commonly appeared to ‘bounce’ around the edges of individual focal adhesions. Therefore, focal adhesions limit the interactions between TβRI and TβRII, by sequestering one away from the other. Rys, DuFort et al. next treated cells with a chemical that disrupts tension, and saw that the physical separation between TβRI and TβRII collapsed, which permitted these two receptors to interact and form a working signaling complex. Further work is needed to understand how physical control of TGFβ receptor interactions helps cells coordinate their tasks in response to the myriad biological and physical signals in their surroundings. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09300.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna P Rys
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Christopher C DuFort
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - David A Monteiro
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shreya Chand
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Tamara N Alliston
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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15
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Hadzic E, Catillon M, Halavatyi A, Medves S, Van Troys M, Moes M, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Ampe C, Friederich E. Delineating the Tes Interaction Site in Zyxin and Studying Cellular Effects of Its Disruption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140511. [PMID: 26509500 PMCID: PMC4624954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are integrin-based structures that link the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. They play an important role in various cellular functions such as cell signaling, cell motility and cell shape. To ensure and fine tune these different cellular functions, adhesions are regulated by a large number of proteins. The LIM domain protein zyxin localizes to focal adhesions where it participates in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Because of its interactions with a variety of binding partners, zyxin has been proposed to act as a molecular scaffold. Here, we studied the interaction of zyxin with such a partner: Tes. Similar to zyxin, Tes harbors three highly conserved LIM domains of which the LIM1 domain directly interacts with zyxin. Using different zyxin variants in pull-down assays and ectopic recruitment experiments, we identified the Tes binding site in zyxin and showed that four highly conserved amino acids are crucial for its interaction with Tes. Based upon these findings, we used a zyxin mutant defective in Tes-binding to assess the functional consequences of abrogating the zyxin-Tes interaction in focal adhesions. Performing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we showed that zyxin recruits Tes to focal adhesions and modulates its turnover in these structures. However, we also provide evidence for zyxin-independent localization of Tes to focal adhesions. Zyxin increases focal adhesion numbers and reduces focal adhesion lifetimes, but does so independent of Tes. Quantitative analysis showed that the loss of interaction between zyxin and Tes affects the process of cell spreading. We conclude that zyxin influences focal adhesion dynamics, that it recruits Tes and that this interaction is functional in regulating cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermin Hadzic
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Catillon
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Sandrine Medves
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Michèle Moes
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Michelle A. Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Evelyne Friederich
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
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16
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Leo L, Yu W, D'Rozario M, Waddell EA, Marenda DR, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Zhou B, Wu B, Baker L, Sharp DJ, Baas PW. Vertebrate Fidgetin Restrains Axonal Growth by Severing Labile Domains of Microtubules. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1723-30. [PMID: 26344772 PMCID: PMC4837332 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual microtubules (MTs) in the axon consist of a stable domain that is highly acetylated and a labile domain that is not. Traditional MT-severing proteins preferentially cut the MT in the stable domain. In Drosophila, fidgetin behaves in this fashion, with targeted knockdown resulting in neurons with a higher fraction of acetylated (stable) MT mass in their axons. Conversely, in a fidgetin knockout mouse, the fraction of MT mass that is acetylated is lower than in the control animal. When fidgetin is depleted from cultured rodent neurons, there is a 62% increase in axonal MT mass, all of which is labile. Concomitantly, there are more minor processes and a longer axon. Together with experimental data showing that vertebrate fidgetin targets unacetylated tubulin, these results indicate that vertebrate fidgetin (unlike its fly ortholog) regulates neuronal development by tamping back the expansion of the labile domains of MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco Leo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | | | - Edward A Waddell
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel R Marenda
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bingro Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lisa Baker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David J Sharp
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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17
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Kahn OI, Ha N, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Baas PW. TPX2 regulates neuronal morphology through kinesin-5 interaction. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:340-8. [PMID: 26257190 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TPX2 (targeting protein for Xklp2) is a multifunctional mitotic spindle assembly factor that in mammalian cells localizes and regulates mitotic motor protein kinesin-5 (also called Eg5 or kif11). We previously showed that upon depletion or inhibition of kinesin-5 in cultured neurons, microtubule movements increase, resulting in faster growing axons and thinner dendrites. Here, we show that depletion of TPX2 from cultured neurons speeds their rate of process outgrowth, similarly to kinesin-5 inhibition. The phenotype is rescued by TPX2 re-expression, but not if TPX2's kinesin-5-interacting domain is deleted. These results, together with studies showing a spike in TPX2 expression during dendritic differentiation, suggest that the levels and distribution of TPX2 are likely to be determinants of when and where kinesin-5 acts in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Kahn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ngoc Ha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Thievessen I, Fakhri N, Steinwachs J, Kraus V, McIsaac RS, Gao L, Chen BC, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Betzig E, Oldenbourg R, Waterman CM, Fabry B. Vinculin is required for cell polarization, migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling in 3D collagen. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26195589 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin is filamentous (F)-actin-binding protein enriched in integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Whereas studies in 2-dimensional (2D) tissue culture models have suggested that vinculin negatively regulates cell migration by promoting cytoskeleton-ECM coupling to strengthen and stabilize adhesions, its role in regulating cell migration in more physiologic, 3-dimensional (3D) environments is unclear. To address the role of vinculin in 3D cell migration, we analyzed the morphodynamics, migration, and ECM remodeling of primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with cre/loxP-mediated vinculin gene disruption in 3D collagen I cultures. We found that vinculin promoted 3D cell migration by increasing directional persistence. Vinculin was necessary for persistent cell protrusion, cell elongation, and stable cell orientation in 3D collagen, but was dispensable for lamellipodia formation, suggesting that vinculin-mediated cell adhesion to the ECM is needed to convert actin-based cell protrusion into persistent cell shape change and migration. Consistent with this finding, vinculin was necessary for efficient traction force generation in 3D collagen without affecting myosin II activity and promoted 3D collagen fiber alignment and macroscopical gel contraction. Our results suggest that vinculin promotes directionally persistent cell migration and tension-dependent ECM remodeling in complex 3D environments by increasing cell-ECM adhesion and traction force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Thievessen
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Nikta Fakhri
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Julian Steinwachs
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Viola Kraus
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - R Scott McIsaac
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Liang Gao
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Betzig
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Rudolf Oldenbourg
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ben Fabry
- *Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphodynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Physiology Course and Cellular Dynamics Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Third Physics Institute-Biophysics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; California Life Company, South San Francisco, California, USA; **Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Logue JS, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Chadwick RS, Waterman CM. Erk regulation of actin capping and bundling by Eps8 promotes cortex tension and leader bleb-based migration. eLife 2015; 4:e08314. [PMID: 26163656 PMCID: PMC4522647 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the confines of tissues, cancer cells can use blebs to migrate. Eps8 is an actin bundling and capping protein whose capping activity is inhibited by Erk, a key MAP kinase that is activated by oncogenic signaling. We tested the hypothesis that Eps8 acts as an Erk effector to modulate actin cortex mechanics and thereby mediate bleb-based migration of cancer cells. Cells confined in a non-adhesive environment migrate in the direction of a very large ‘leader bleb.’ Eps8 bundling activity promotes cortex tension and intracellular pressure to drive leader bleb formation. Eps8 capping and bundling activities act antagonistically to organize actin within leader blebs, and Erk mediates this effect. An Erk biosensor reveals concentrated kinase activity within leader blebs. Bleb contents are trapped by the narrow neck that separates the leader bleb from the cell body. Thus, Erk activity promotes actin bundling by Eps8 to enhance cortex tension and drive the bleb-based migration of cancer cells under non-adhesive confinement. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08314.001 Cells within an animal have to be able to move both during development and later stages of life. For example, white blood cells have to move around the body and into tissues to fight off infections. Normally, cell movement is heavily controlled and will only happen when it is necessary to keep an animal healthy. However, cancer cells can bypass these controls and ‘metastasize’, or spread to new sites in the body. Cells can move in several different ways: on the one hand, cells can use ‘mesenchymal’ movement, in which the skeleton-like scaffolding of molecules within a cell rearranges to push the cell forward. On the other hand, cells can employ ‘amoeboid’ movement, in which they squeeze their way forward by building up pressure in the cell. Although these different types of movement are only used by some healthy cells and not others, cancer cells can switch between the two. How they do this is still unclear, but now Logue et al. have studied this question using several microscopy techniques. Logue et al. watched skin cancer (or melanoma) cells migrating between a glass plate and a slab of agar, which mimics the confined spaces that cancer cells have to move through within the body. The images showed that the cancer cells formed so-called ‘leader blebs’, finger-like projections that put cells on the right track. The experiments revealed that a protein called Eps8 was responsible for making the skin cancer cells move in this amoeboid fashion. The ‘blebbing’ caused by Eps8 is turned on by another protein called Erk that is often overactive in melanoma cells. Furthermore, Erk can accumulate near and within the cell blebs and this leads to the increased movement of the skin cancer cells. Studying cell movement in melanoma is particularly important because it is the metastatic tumors that kill patients. Therefore, increasing our basic understanding of how cells migrate could eventually lead to better treatment options that stop cancer cells from spreading. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08314.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Logue
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard S Chadwick
- National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Yu D, Baird MA, Allen JR, Howe ES, Klassen MP, Reade A, Makhijani K, Song Y, Liu S, Murthy Z, Zhang SQ, Weiner OD, Kornberg TB, Jan YN, Davidson MW, Shu X. A naturally monomeric infrared fluorescent protein for protein labeling in vivo. Nat Methods 2015; 12:763-5. [PMID: 26098020 PMCID: PMC4521985 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infrared fluorescent proteins (IFPs) provide an additional color to GFP and its red homologs in protein labeling. Based on structural analysis of the dimer interface, a monomeric bateriophytochrome is identified from a sequence database, and is engineered into a naturally-monomeric IFP (mIFP). We demonstrate that mIFP correctly labels proteins in live Drosophila and zebrafish requiring no exogenous cofactor, and will thus be useful in molecular, cell and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - John R Allen
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Howe
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew P Klassen
- 1] Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna Reade
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kalpana Makhijani
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- 1] Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Songmei Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zehra Murthy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shao-Qing Zhang
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuh-Nung Jan
- 1] Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaokun Shu
- 1] Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Case LB, Baird MA, Shtengel G, Campbell SL, Hess HF, Davidson MW, Waterman CM. Molecular mechanism of vinculin activation and nanoscale spatial organization in focal adhesions. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:880-92. [PMID: 26053221 PMCID: PMC4490039 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the actin cytoskeleton to mediate cell adhesion, migration, mechanosensing and signaling. FAs have conserved nanoscale protein organization, suggesting that the position of proteins within FAs regulates their activity and function. Vinculin binds different FA proteins to mediate distinct cellular functions, but how vinculin’s interactions are spatiotemporally organized within FA is unknown. Using interferometric photo-activation localization (iPALM) super-resolution microscopy to assay vinculin nanoscale localization and a FRET biosensor to assay vinculin conformation, we found that upward repositioning within the FA during FA maturation facilitates vinculin activation and mechanical reinforcement of FA. Inactive vinculin localizes to the lower integrin signaling layer in FA by binding to phospho-paxillin. Talin binding activates vinculin and targets active vinculin higher in FA where vinculin can engage retrograde actin flow. Thus, specific protein interactions are spatially segregated within FA at the nano-scale to regulate vinculin activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Case
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Gleb Shtengel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Harald F Hess
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Willet AH, McDonald NA, Bohnert KA, Baird MA, Allen JR, Davidson MW, Gould KL. The F-BAR Cdc15 promotes contractile ring formation through the direct recruitment of the formin Cdc12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:391-9. [PMID: 25688133 PMCID: PMC4332253 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cdc15 contributes to contractile ring formation and cytokinesis by recruiting the formin Cdc12, which defines a novel cytokinetic function for an F-BAR domain. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytokinesis requires the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin-based contractile ring (CR). Nucleation of F-actin for the CR requires a single formin, Cdc12, that localizes to the cell middle at mitotic onset. Although genetic requirements for formin Cdc12 recruitment have been determined, the molecular mechanisms dictating its targeting to the medial cortex during cytokinesis are unknown. In this paper, we define a short motif within the N terminus of Cdc12 that binds directly to the F-BAR domain of the scaffolding protein Cdc15. Mutations preventing the Cdc12–Cdc15 interaction resulted in reduced Cdc12, F-actin, and actin-binding proteins at the CR, which in turn led to a delay in CR formation and sensitivity to other perturbations of CR assembly. We conclude that Cdc15 contributes to CR formation and cytokinesis via formin Cdc12 recruitment, defining a novel cytokinetic function for an F-BAR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Nathan A McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - K Adam Bohnert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - John R Allen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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Paez-Segala MG, Sun MG, Shtengel G, Viswanathan S, Baird MA, Macklin JJ, Patel R, Allen JR, Howe ES, Piszczek G, Hess HF, Davidson MW, Wang Y, Looger LL. Fixation-resistant photoactivatable fluorescent proteins for CLEM. Nat Methods 2015; 12:215-8, 4 p following 218. [PMID: 25581799 PMCID: PMC4344411 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins facilitate a variety of imaging paradigms in live and fixed samples. However, they lose their fluorescence after heavy fixation, hindering applications such as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Here we report engineered variants of the photoconvertible Eos fluorescent protein that fluoresce and photoconvert normally in heavily fixed (0.5-1% OsO4), plastic resin-embedded samples, enabling correlative super-resolution fluorescence imaging and high-quality electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Paez-Segala
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Mei G Sun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Gleb Shtengel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarada Viswanathan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - John J Macklin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Allen
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Howe
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Harald F Hess
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Loren L Looger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
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Sart S, Bejarano FC, Baird MA, Yan Y, Rosenberg JT, Ma T, Grant SC, Li Y. Intracellular labeling of mouse embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitor aggregates with micron-sized particles of iron oxide. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Deschout HG, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Spatz JP, Radenovic A. Investigating Cellular Focal Adhesions on Nano-Patterned Substrates with Dual Color Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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26
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Cai E, Ge P, Lee SH, Jeyifous O, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wilson KM, Lim SJ, Baird MA, Stone JE, Lee KY, Davidson MW, Chung HJ, Schulten K, Smith AM, Green WN, Selvin PR. Stable Small Quantum Dots for Synaptic Receptor Tracking on Live Neurons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Braun A, Dang K, Buslig F, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Waterman CM, Myers KA. Rac1 and Aurora A regulate MCAK to polarize microtubule growth in migrating endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:97-112. [PMID: 25002679 PMCID: PMC4085700 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201401063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A Rac1–Aurora A–MCAK signaling pathway mediates endothelial cell polarization and directional migration by promoting regional differences in microtubule dynamics in the leading and trailing cell edges. Endothelial cells (ECs) migrate directionally during angiogenesis and wound healing by polarizing to extracellular cues to guide directional movement. EC polarization is controlled by microtubule (MT) growth dynamics, which are regulated by MT-associated proteins (MAPs) that alter MT stability. Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) is a MAP that promotes MT disassembly within the mitotic spindle, yet its function in regulating MT dynamics to promote EC polarity and migration has not been investigated. We used high-resolution fluorescence microscopy coupled with computational image analysis to elucidate the role of MCAK in regulating MT growth dynamics, morphology, and directional migration of ECs. Our results show that MCAK-mediated depolymerization of MTs is specifically targeted to the trailing edge of polarized wound-edge ECs. Regulation of MCAK function is dependent on Aurora A kinase, which is regionally enhanced by signaling from the small guanosine triphosphatase, Rac1. Thus, a Rac1–Aurora A–MCAK signaling pathway mediates EC polarization and directional migration by promoting regional differences in MT dynamics in the leading and trailing cell edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Braun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kyvan Dang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Felinah Buslig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Cai E, Ge P, Lee SH, Jeyifous O, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wilson KM, Lim SJ, Baird MA, Stone JE, Lee KY, Davidson MW, Chung HJ, Schulten K, Smith AM, Green WN, Selvin PR. Stable small quantum dots for synaptic receptor tracking on live neurons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12484-8. [PMID: 25255882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We developed a coating method to produce functionalized small quantum dots (sQDs), about 9 nm in diameter, that were stable for over a month. We made sQDs in four emission wavelengths, from 527 to 655 nm and with different functional groups. AMPA receptors on live neurons were labeled with sQDs and postsynaptic density proteins were visualized with super-resolution microscopy. Their diffusion behavior indicates that sQDs access the synaptic clefts significantly more often than commercial QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green St., Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
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Tam JM, Mansour MK, Khan NS, Seward M, Puranam S, Tanne A, Sokolovska A, Becker CE, Acharya M, Baird MA, Choi AMK, Davidson MW, Segal BH, Lacy-Hulbert A, Stuart LM, Xavier RJ, Vyas JM. Dectin-1-dependent LC3 recruitment to phagosomes enhances fungicidal activity in macrophages. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1844-54. [PMID: 24842831 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been postulated to play role in mammalian host defense against fungal pathogens, although the molecular details remain unclear. Here, we show that primary macrophages deficient in the autophagic factor LC3 demonstrate diminished fungicidal activity but increased cytokine production in response to Candida albicans stimulation. LC3 recruitment to fungal phagosomes requires activation of the fungal pattern receptor dectin-1. LC3 recruitment to the phagosome also requires Syk signaling but is independent of all activity by Toll-like receptors and does not require the presence of the adaptor protein Card9. We further demonstrate that reactive oxygen species generation by NADPH oxidase is required for LC3 recruitment to the fungal phagosome. These observations directly link LC3 to the inflammatory pathway against C. albicans in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Tam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Nida S Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | - Antoine Tanne
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute
| | - Anna Sokolovska
- Developmental Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Christine E Becker
- Gastrointestinal Unit Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge
| | | | - Michelle A Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | | | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, University of Buffalo School of Medicine, New York
| | | | | | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Chu J, Haynes RD, Corbel SY, Li P, González-González E, Burg JS, Ataie NJ, Lam AJ, Cranfill PJ, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Ng HL, Garcia KC, Contag CH, Shen K, Blau HM, Lin MZ. Non-invasive intravital imaging of cellular differentiation with a bright red-excitable fluorescent protein. Nat Methods 2014; 11:572-8. [PMID: 24633408 PMCID: PMC4008650 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for non-invasive visualization of genetically labeled cells in animal disease models with micrometer-level resolution would greatly facilitate development of cell-based therapies. Imaging of fluorescent proteins (FPs) using red excitation light in the 'optical window' above 600 nm is one potential method for visualizing implanted cells. However, previous efforts to engineer FPs with peak excitation beyond 600 nm have resulted in undesirable reductions in brightness. Here we report three new red-excitable monomeric FPs obtained by structure-guided mutagenesis of mNeptune. Two of these, mNeptune2 and mNeptune2.5, demonstrate improved maturation and brighter fluorescence than mNeptune, whereas the third, mCardinal, has a red-shifted excitation spectrum without reduction in brightness. We show that mCardinal can be used to non-invasively and longitudinally visualize the differentiation of myoblasts into myocytes in living mice with high anatomical detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chu
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Russell D Haynes
- 1] Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stéphane Y Corbel
- 1] Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pengpeng Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emilio González-González
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John S Burg
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Niloufar J Ataie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Amy J Lam
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Paula J Cranfill
- 1] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- 1] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- 1] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ho-Leung Ng
- 1] Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. [2] University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher H Contag
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kang Shen
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- 1] Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [3] Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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31
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Burnette DT, Shao L, Ott C, Pasapera AM, Fischer RS, Baird MA, Der Loughian C, Delanoe-Ayari H, Paszek MJ, Davidson MW, Betzig E, Lippincott-Schwartz J. A contractile and counterbalancing adhesion system controls the 3D shape of crawling cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:83-96. [PMID: 24711500 PMCID: PMC3987145 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201311104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
How adherent and contractile systems coordinate to promote cell shape changes is unclear. Here, we define a counterbalanced adhesion/contraction model for cell shape control. Live-cell microscopy data showed a crucial role for a contractile meshwork at the top of the cell, which is composed of actin arcs and myosin IIA filaments. The contractile actin meshwork is organized like muscle sarcomeres, with repeating myosin II filaments separated by the actin bundling protein α-actinin, and is mechanically coupled to noncontractile dorsal actin fibers that run from top to bottom in the cell. When the meshwork contracts, it pulls the dorsal fibers away from the substrate. This pulling force is counterbalanced by the dorsal fibers' attachment to focal adhesions, causing the fibers to bend downward and flattening the cell. This model is likely to be relevant for understanding how cells configure themselves to complex surfaces, protrude into tight spaces, and generate three-dimensional forces on the growth substrate under both healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Burnette
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and 2 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Ai HW, Baird MA, Shen Y, Davidson MW, Campbell RE. Engineering and characterizing monomeric fluorescent proteins for live-cell imaging applications. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:910-28. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Siegel AP, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Day RN. Strengths and weaknesses of recently engineered red fluorescent proteins evaluated in live cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20340-58. [PMID: 24129172 PMCID: PMC3821618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific community is still looking for a bright, stable red fluorescent protein (FP) as functional as the current best derivatives of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The red FPs exploit the reduced background of cells imaged in the red region of the visible spectrum, but photophysical short comings have limited their use for some spectroscopic approaches. Introduced nearly a decade ago, mCherry remains the most often used red FP for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and other single molecule techniques, despite the advent of many newer red FPs. All red FPs suffer from complex photophysics involving reversible conversions to a dark state (flickering), a property that results in fairly low red FP quantum yields and potential interference with spectroscopic analyses including FCS. The current report describes assays developed to determine the best working conditions for, and to uncover the shortcoming of, four recently engineered red FPs for use in FCS and other diffusion and spectroscopic studies. All five red FPs assayed had potential shortcomings leading to the conclusion that the current best red FP for FCS is still mCherry. The assays developed here aim to enable the rapid evaluation of new red FPs and their smooth adaptation to live cell spectroscopic microscopy and nanoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P. Siegel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 333, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Michelle A. Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (M.W.D.)
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (M.W.D.)
| | - Richard N. Day
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 333, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; E-Mail:
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Hoi H, Howe ES, Ding Y, Zhang W, Baird MA, Sell BR, Allen JR, Davidson MW, Campbell RE. An engineered monomeric Zoanthus sp. yellow fluorescent protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:1296-304. [PMID: 24094838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein engineering has created a palette of monomeric fluorescent proteins (FPs), but there remains an ~30 nm spectral gap between the most red-shifted useful Aequorea victoria green FP (GFP) variants and the most blue-shifted useful Discosoma sp. red FP (RFP) variants. To fill this gap, we have engineered a monomeric version of the yellow FP (YFP) from Zoanthus sp. coral. Our preferred variant, designated as mPapaya1, displays excellent fluorescent brightness, good photostability, and retains its monomeric character both in vitro and in living cells in the context of protein chimeras. We demonstrate that mPapaya1 can serve as a good Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptor when paired with an mTFP1 donor. mPapaya1 is a valuable addition to the palette of FP variants that are useful for multicolor imaging and FRET-based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiofan Hoi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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35
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Hanson CA, Drake KR, Baird MA, Han B, Kraft LJ, Davidson MW, Kenworthy AK. Overexpression of caveolin-1 is sufficient to phenocopy the behavior of a disease-associated mutant. Traffic 2013; 14:663-77. [PMID: 23469926 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations and alterations in caveolin-1 expression levels have been linked to a number of human diseases. How misregulation of caveolin-1 contributes to disease is not fully understood, but has been proposed to involve the intracellular accumulation of mutant forms of the protein. To better understand the molecular basis for trafficking defects that trap caveolin-1 intracellularly, we compared the properties of a GFP-tagged version of caveolin-1 P132L, a mutant form of caveolin-1 previously linked to breast cancer, with wild-type caveolin-1. Unexpectedly, wild-type caveolin-1-GFP also accumulated intracellularly, leading us to examine the mechanisms underlying the abnormal localization of the wild type and mutant protein in more detail. We show that both the nature of the tag and cellular context impact the subcellular distribution of caveolin-1, demonstrate that even the wild-type form of caveolin-1 can function as a dominant negative under some conditions, and identify specific conformation changes associated with incorrectly targeted forms of the protein. In addition, we find intracellular caveolin-1 is phosphorylated on Tyr14, but phosphorylation is not required for mistrafficking of the protein. These findings identify novel properties of mistargeted forms of caveolin-1 and raise the possibility that common trafficking defects underlie diseases associated with overexpression and mutations in caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hanson
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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36
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Rosenberg JT, Sellgren KL, Sachi-Kocher A, Calixto Bejarano F, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Ma T, Grant SC. Magnetic resonance contrast and biological effects of intracellular superparamagnetic iron oxides on human mesenchymal stem cells with long-term culture and hypoxic exposure. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:307-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Elliott AD, Bedard N, Ustione A, Sprinzen D, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Tkaczyk TS, Piston DW. Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging for Dual-FRET in Live Cells. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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McEvoy AL, Hoi H, Bates M, Platonova E, Cranfill PJ, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Ewers H, Liphardt J, Campbell RE. mMaple: a photoconvertible fluorescent protein for use in multiple imaging modalities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51314. [PMID: 23240015 PMCID: PMC3519878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in fluorescence microscopy have extended the spatial resolution to the nanometer scale. Here, we report an engineered photoconvertible fluorescent protein (pcFP) variant, designated as mMaple, that is suited for use in multiple conventional and super-resolution imaging modalities, specifically, widefield and confocal microscopy, structured illumination microscopy (SIM), and single-molecule localization microscopy. We demonstrate the versatility of mMaple by obtaining super-resolution images of protein organization in Escherichia coli and conventional fluorescence images of mammalian cells. Beneficial features of mMaple include high photostability of the green state when expressed in mammalian cells and high steady state intracellular protein concentration of functional protein when expressed in E. coli. mMaple thus enables both fast live-cell ensemble imaging and high precision single molecule localization for a single pcFP-containing construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L. McEvoy
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ALM); (REC)
| | - Hiofan Hoi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evgenia Platonova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula J. Cranfill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Baird
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Helge Ewers
- Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Liphardt
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Bay Area Physical Sciences – Oncology Center, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (ALM); (REC)
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39
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Lam AJ, St-Pierre F, Gong Y, Marshall JD, Cranfill PJ, Baird MA, McKeown MR, Wiedenmann J, Davidson MW, Schnitzer MJ, Tsien RY, Lin MZ. Improving FRET dynamic range with bright green and red fluorescent proteins. Nat Methods 2012; 9:1005-12. [PMID: 22961245 PMCID: PMC3461113 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A variety of genetically encoded reporters use changes in fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) to report on biochemical processes in living cells. The standard genetically encoded FRET pair consists of CFPs and YFPs, but many CFP-YFP reporters suffer from low FRET dynamic range, phototoxicity from the CFP excitation light and complex photokinetic events such as reversible photobleaching and photoconversion. We engineered two fluorescent proteins, Clover and mRuby2, which are the brightest green and red fluorescent proteins to date and have the highest Förster radius of any ratiometric FRET pair yet described. Replacement of CFP and YFP with these two proteins in reporters of kinase activity, small GTPase activity and transmembrane voltage significantly improves photostability, FRET dynamic range and emission ratio changes. These improvements enhance detection of transient biochemical events such as neuronal action-potential firing and RhoA activation in growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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40
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Shemiakina II, Ermakova GV, Cranfill PJ, Baird MA, Evans RA, Souslova EA, Staroverov DB, Gorokhovatsky AY, Putintseva EV, Gorodnicheva TV, Chepurnykh TV, Strukova L, Lukyanov S, Zaraisky AG, Davidson MW, Chudakov DM, Shcherbo D. A monomeric red fluorescent protein with low cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1204. [PMID: 23149748 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicolour labelling with fluorescent proteins is frequently used to differentially highlight specific structures in living systems. Labelling with fusion proteins is particularly demanding and is still problematic with the currently available palette of fluorescent proteins that emit in the red range due to unsuitable subcellular localization, protein-induced toxicity and low levels of labelling efficiency. Here we report a new monomeric red fluorescent protein, called FusionRed, which demonstrates both high efficiency in fusions and low toxicity in living cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Shemiakina
- Shemiakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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41
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Kuang GC, Allen JR, Baird MA, Nguyen BT, Zhang L, Morgan TJ, Levenson CW, Davidson MW, Zhu L. Balance between fluorescence enhancement and association affinity in fluorescent heteroditopic indicators for imaging zinc ion in living cells. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10493-504. [PMID: 21905758 DOI: 10.1021/ic201728f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent heteroditopic indicator for the zinc(II) ion possesses two different zinc(II) binding sites. The sequential coordination of zinc(II) at the two sites can be transmitted into distinct fluorescence changes. In the heteroditopic ligand system that our group developed, the formations of mono- and dizinc(II) complexes along an increasing gradient of zinc(II) concentration lead to fluorescence enhancement and an emission bathochromic shift, respectively. The extents of these two changes determine the sensitivity and, ultimately, the effectiveness of the heteroditopic indicator in quantifying zinc(II) ion over a large concentration range. In this work, a strategy to increase the degree of fluorescence enhancement upon the formation of the monozinc(II) complex of a heteroditopic ligand under simulated physiological conditions is demonstrated. Fluorination of the pyridyl groups in the pentadentate N,N,N'-tris(pyridylmethyl)ethyleneamino group reduces the apparent pK(a) value of the high-affinity site, which increases the degree of fluorescence enhancement as the monozinc(II) complex is forming. However, fluorination impairs the coordination strength of the high-affinity zinc(II) binding site, which in the triply fluorinated ligand reduces the binding strength to the level of the low-affinity 2,2'-bipyridyl. The potential of the reported ligands in imaging zinc(II) ion in living cells was evaluated. The subcellular localization properties of two ligands in five organelles were characterized. Both benefits and deficiencies of these ligands were revealed, which provides directions for the near future in this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Chao Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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42
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Wildburger NC, Lin-Ye A, Baird MA, Lei D, Bao J. Neuroprotective effects of blockers for T-type calcium channels. Mol Neurodegener 2009; 4:44. [PMID: 19863782 PMCID: PMC2774686 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-4-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive and functional decline with age is correlated with deregulation of intracellular calcium, which can lead to neuronal death in the brain. Previous studies have found protective effects of various calcium channel blockers in pathological conditions. However, little has been done to explore possible protective effects of blockers for T-type calcium channels, which forms a family of FDA approved anti-epileptic drugs. In this study, we found that neurons showed an increase in viability after treatment with either L-type or T-type calcium channel antagonists. The family of low-voltage activated, or T-type calcium channels, comprise of three members (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3) based on their respective main pore-forming alpha subunits: α1G, α1H, and α1I. Among these three subunits, α1H is highly expressed in hippocampus and certain cortical regions. However, T-type calcium channel blockers can protect neurons derived from α1H-/- mice, suggesting that neuroprotection demonstrated by these drugs is not through the α1H subunit. In addition, blockers for T-type calcium channels were not able to confer any protection to neurons in long-term cultures, while blockers of L-type calcium channels could protect neurons. These data indicate a new function of blockers for T-type calcium channels, and also suggest different mechanisms to regulate neuronal survival by calcium signaling pathways. Thus, our findings have important implications in the development of new treatment for age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norelle C Wildburger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Aging, Washington University, 4560 Clayton Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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43
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Slatter TL, Ganesan P, Holzhauer C, Mehta R, Rubio C, Williams G, Wilson M, Royds JA, Baird MA, Braithwaite AW. p53-mediated apoptosis prevents the accumulation of progenitor B cells and B-cell tumors. Cell Death Differ 2009; 17:540-50. [PMID: 19779492 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that the apoptotic function of p53 has an important role in B-cell homeostasis, which is important for the prevention of B-cell lymphomas. We created a mouse model (mDeltapro) that lacked residues 58-88 of the proline-rich domain of p53. mDeltapro is defective for apoptosis, but is able to arrest cell-cycle progression in hematopoietic tissues. mDeltapro develops late-onset B-cell lymphoma, but not the thymic T-cell tumors found in p53-null mice. Interestingly, mDeltapro lymphomas comprised incorrectly differentiated B cells. B-cell irregularities were also detected in mDeltapro before tumor onset, in which aged mice showed an increased population of inappropriately differentiated B cells in the bone marrow and spleen. We predict that by keeping B-cell populations in check, p53-dependent apoptosis prevents irregular B cells from eventuating in lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Slatter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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44
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Wales JR, Baird MA, Davies NM, Buchan GS. Fusing subunit antigens to interleukin-2 and encapsulating them in liposomes improves their antigenicity but not their protective efficacy. Vaccine 2005; 23:2339-41. [PMID: 15755624 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines commonly lack sufficient immunogenicity to stimulate a comprehensive protective immune response in vivo. We have investigated the potential of specific cytokines (interleukin-2) and particulate delivery systems (liposomes) to enhance antigenicity. Here we report that the IgG1 and IFN-gamma responses to a subunit antigen, consisting of a T and B-cell epitope from Influenza haemagglutinin, can be improved when it is both fused to interelukin-2 and encapsulated in liposomes. However, this vaccine formulation was not able to protect animals against a challenge with live Influenza A/PR/8/34 virus. The addition of more potent immune stimulators may be necessary to improve responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Wales
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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45
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Girvan A, Aldwell FE, Buchan GS, Faulkner L, Baird MA. Transfer of macrophage-derived mycobacterial antigens to dendritic cells can induce naïve T-cell activation. Scand J Immunol 2003; 57:107-14. [PMID: 12588656 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria are capable of surviving and replicating in host macrophages, where they can release antigenic material into the environment. However, unlike dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages do not appear to be capable of activating naïve T cells. Therefore, this work investigated antigen transfer between macrophages and DCs. We generated culture supernatants from bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected and uninfected macrophages and then determined whether DCs could present these extracellular mycobacterial antigens to T cells. Here, we show that DCs pulsed with antigens released from BCG-infected macrophages can stimulate primed T cells in vitro and initiate naïve T-cell responses in vivo. These results suggest that antigen transfer can occur between macrophages and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Girvan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Baird MA. It won't happen again. N Z Med J 2001; 114:481. [PMID: 11760245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Abstract
Live, attenuated vaccines currently offer the best protection against virulent pathogens. Recent advances in Immunology and Molecular Biology provide an opportunity to design vaccines that will be more effective and safer than existing ones. Immunologists are rapidly developing the capacity to identify and construct the minimal immunogenic units from pathogens. The molecular signals required to fully activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) and responder T cells are becoming apparent. Improved vaccine delivery systems are being designed which will mimic the actions of pathogens in vivo. These vaccines will incorporate protective epitopes fused to immunoregulatory cytokines in chimeric proteins. They will be encapsulated in formulations which allow for the slow release of these chimeric proteins thereby inducing the memory T cells required for long-lived immunity. These vaccine formulations will target receptors present on the most active APCs. Here we discuss how these advances will allow us to rationally construct "virtual pathogens" which will provide improved protection against new and old microbial foes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Buchan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Baird MA, Buchan GS. Vaccination for the new millennium. N Z Med J 1998; 111:461-2. [PMID: 9972198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Baird
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin
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Dillon SM, Griffin JF, Hart DN, Watson JD, Baird MA. A long-lasting interferon-gamma response is induced to a single inoculation of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Immunology 1998; 95:132-40. [PMID: 9767468 PMCID: PMC1364387 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against infectious organisms must produce not only long-lasting immunity but also the appropriate immune response to clear the infection. Obligate intracellular parasites, such as mycobacteria, require a predominantly cell-mediated immune response rather than antibody. Presentation of antigen by dendritic cells (DC) has been associated with the development of strong cell-mediated responses generating the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This cytokine has an essential role in the elimination of mycobacteria. Therefore, we investigated both the duration and the nature of the immune response after priming with DC pulsed with mycobacterial antigen and compared this with priming using a conventional adjuvant. We used two strains of mice: C57BL/6, which inherently produces a T-helper 1 (Th1)-type response to mycobacterial antigen, and BALB/c, which does not. DC-enriched cell suspensions, purified DC or cultured bone marrow cells resembling DC (BMAPC) were prepared, pulsed overnight with PPD and injected intravenously (i.v.) into naive mice. Six and 12 weeks later, splenic T lymphocytes from these mice were challenged in vitro with antigen and their proliferative response and cytokine production was determined. Significant antigen-specific proliferation was observed in all assays on rechallenge with antigen in vitro 6 and 12 weeks after the initial priming with DC. IFN-gamma was detected in both strains but was only antigen specific in the C57BL/6 strain. Purified protein derivative (PPD)-pulsed BMAPC generated similar responses 6 weeks after priming. Thus, long-term T-lymphocyte responses and the production of IFN-gamma can be generated using a single inoculation of PPD-pulsed DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Shortt J, Hart DN, Watson JD, Baird MA. Blockade of B7-2, not B7-1, inhibits purified protein derivative-primed T-lymphocyte responses but fails to influence the proportion of Th1 versus Th2 subsets. Scand J Immunol 1998; 47:355-62. [PMID: 9600317 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to select for a cell-mediated response rather than antibody production following infection with intracellular mycobacteria, would be an advantage in preventing the occurrence of disease. Recent work suggests that the two members of the B7 family of costimulatory molecules, B7-1 and B7-2, may differentially influence the nature of primary immune responses but little is known of their role in this capacity in secondary responses. We have used an in vitro model to investigate whether blocking B7-1 and B7-2 affects changes in the cytokine profiles of Th lymphocytes previously primed to purified protein derivative (PPD) from Mycobacterium bovis. In C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice we found that the proliferative responses of a component of recently activated T lymphocytes, and those returning to the resting state, were inhibited by B7-2 blockade. B7-1 blockade had no distinguishable effect. However, in cultures containing anti-B7-2 antibody, the production of both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicative of cell-mediated and antibody responses, respectively, were reduced. This suggests that intervention in a recall response to mycobacterial antigen by blocking B7-1 or B7-2 molecules, is unlikely to alter the nature of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shortt
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, New Zealand
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