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Hinney B, Christen I, Jähne S, Gaisbauer S, Schrammel N, Markl A, Joachim A, Künzel F. Efficacy and safety of ronidazole treatment against Tritrichomonas foetus in a cat colony with multiple disorders. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2019; 18:100344. [PMID: 31796193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In a group of pedigree cats (n = 17) in poor health condition housed in an animal shelter in Vienna, Austria, with a history of persistent diarrhea, Tritrichomonas foetus infection was detected by PCR. Despite pre-existing clinical conditions all cats were treated with ronidazole (30 mg/kg PO q24h for 14 days) under close observation. After treatment, 11 of 14 initially positive animals remained negative for T. foetus during the observation period (six to eight weeks post treatment) and no diarrhea was observed. During treatment, nine cats showed mild to moderate neurological disorders (incoordination, mild tremor) at least once; six of these had already shown similar signs before treatment. Ronidazole treatment of multimorbid animals is acceptable if the benefit (here: clinical resolution and release from quarantine for adoption) is high. It is hypothesized that a high degree of inbreeding is a significant risk factor for the development of tritrichomonosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hinney
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Isabelle Christen
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphanie Jähne
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Gaisbauer
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University Hospital for Small Animals, Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Schrammel
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Hospital for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Markl
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University Hospital for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Joachim
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Künzel
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University Hospital for Small Animals, Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Vigne S, Chalmin F, Duc D, Clottu AS, Apetoh L, Lobaccaro JMA, Christen I, Zhang J, Pot C. IL-27-Induced Type 1 Regulatory T-Cells Produce Oxysterols that Constrain IL-10 Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1184. [PMID: 28993775 PMCID: PMC5622150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The behaviors of lymphocytes, including CD4+ T helper cells, are controlled on many levels by internal metabolic properties. Lipid metabolites have recently been ascribed a novel function as immune response modulators and perturbation of steroids pathways modulates inflammation and potentially promotes a variety of diseases. However, the impact of lipid metabolism on autoimmune disease development and lymphocyte biology is still largely unraveled. In this line, oxysterols, oxidized forms of cholesterol, have pleiotropic roles on the immune response aside from their involvements in lipid metabolism. The oxysterols 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) regulate antiviral immunity and immune cell chemotaxis. However, their physiological effects on adaptive immune response in particular on various subset CD4+ T lymphocytes are largely unknown. Here, we assessed oxysterol levels in subset of CD4+ T cells and demonstrated that 25-OHC and transcript levels of its synthesizing enzyme, cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, were specifically increased in IL-27-induced type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cells. We further showed that 25-OHC acts as a negative regulator of TR1 cells in particular of IL-10 secretion via liver X receptor signaling. Not only do these findings unravel molecular mechanisms accounting for IL-27 signaling but also they highlight oxysterols as pro-inflammatory mediators that dampens regulatory T cell responses and thus unleash a pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Vigne
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Chalmin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donovan Duc
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie S Clottu
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Faculté de Médecine, University of Bourgogne, INSERM U866, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Christen
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan Zhang
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Rutkowska A, O’Sullivan SA, Christen I, Zhang J, Sailer AW, Dev KK. The EBI2 signalling pathway plays a role in cellular crosstalk between astrocytes and macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25520. [PMID: 27166278 PMCID: PMC4863252 DOI: 10.1038/srep25520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EBI2 is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by oxysterol 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α25HC) and regulates T cell-dependant antibody response and B cell migration. We recently found EBI2 is expressed in human astrocytes, regulates intracellular signalling and modulates astrocyte migration. Here, we report that LPS treatment of mouse astrocytes alters mRNA levels of EBI2 and oxysterols suggesting that the EBI2 signalling pathway is sensitive to LPS-mediated immune challenge. We also find that conditioned media obtained from LPS-stimulated mouse astrocytes induces macrophage migration, which is inhibited by the EBI2 antagonist NIBR189. These results demonstrate a role for the EBI2 signalling pathway in astrocytes as a sensor for immune challenge and for communication with innate immune cells such as macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Christen
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan Zhang
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W. Sailer
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kumlesh K. Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Karuna R, Christen I, Sailer AW, Bitsch F, Zhang J. Detection of dihydroxycholesterols in human plasma using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Steroids 2015; 99:131-8. [PMID: 25683891 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a straightforward sample preparation procedure and a direct liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the analysis of 7alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α25-OHC) and 7alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol (7α27-OHC). By applying a slow protein precipitation approach using cold ethanol, we were able to detect and quantify 7α25-OHC and 7α27-OHC in a fast and reliable manner. The average concentrations from 20 healthy individuals were determined to be 0.21±0.05nM for 7α25-OHC and 3.4±0.1nM for 7α27-OHC. In addition, we are the first to report the average degrees of esterification (n=8) to be 73.8% and 82% for 7α25-OHC and 7α27-OHC, respectively. Using the established method, we achieved the sensitivity sufficient for detecting low abundant dihydroxylated oxysterols in healthy individuals. This result should enable extension of these studies towards a comprehensive analysis of oxysterol levels under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Karuna
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Christen
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Bitsch
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan Zhang
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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Hannedouche S, Zhang J, Yi T, Shen W, Nguyen D, Pereira JP, Guerini D, Baumgarten BU, Roggo S, Wen B, Knochenmuss R, Noël S, Gessier F, Kelly LM, Vanek M, Laurent S, Preuss I, Miault C, Christen I, Karuna R, Li W, Koo DI, Suply T, Schmedt C, Peters EC, Falchetto R, Katopodis A, Spanka C, Roy MO, Detheux M, Chen YA, Schultz PG, Cho CY, Seuwen K, Cyster JG, Sailer AW. Oxysterols direct immune cell migration via EBI2. Nature 2011; 475:524-7. [PMID: 21796212 PMCID: PMC4297623 DOI: 10.1038/nature10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2, also known as GPR183) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is required for humoral immune responses; polymorphisms in the receptor have been associated with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The natural ligand for EBI2 has been unknown. Here we describe the identification of 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (also called 7α,25-OHC or 5-cholesten-3β,7α,25-triol) as a potent and selective agonist of EBI2. Functional activation of human EBI2 by 7α,25-OHC and closely related oxysterols was verified by monitoring second messenger readouts and saturable, high-affinity radioligand binding. Furthermore, we find that 7α,25-OHC and closely related oxysterols act as chemoattractants for immune cells expressing EBI2 by directing cell migration in vitro and in vivo. A critical enzyme required for the generation of 7α,25-OHC is cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Similar to EBI2 receptor knockout mice, mice deficient in CH25H fail to position activated B cells within the spleen to the outer follicle and mount a reduced plasma cell response after an immune challenge. This demonstrates that CH25H generates EBI2 biological activity in vivo and indicates that the EBI2-oxysterol signalling pathway has an important role in the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Zhang
- Analytical Sciences; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tangsheng Yi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Weijun Shen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Nguyen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - João P. Pereira
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit U. Baumgarten
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Global Discovery Chemistry; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Wen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard Knochenmuss
- Analytical Sciences; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Francois Gessier
- Global Discovery Chemistry; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa M. Kelly
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mirka Vanek
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Laurent
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Inga Preuss
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Miault
- Global Discovery Chemistry; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Christen
- Analytical Sciences; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ratna Karuna
- Analytical Sciences; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dong-In Koo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Suply
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schmedt
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric C. Peters
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rocco Falchetto
- Analytical Sciences; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Katopodis
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Spanka
- Global Discovery Chemistry; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yu Alice Chen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter G. Schultz
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles Y. Cho
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas W. Sailer
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Andreas W. Sailer, Ph. D. Developmental & Molecular Pathways Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Forum 1, Novartis Campus, WSJ-355.4.025.8 4056 Basel, Switzerland Phone: +41 79 5500941 Fax: +41 61 6968714
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