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Ferrer C, Rodriguez A, Abad JL, Fernandez J, Alio JL. Bactericidal effect of intravitreal levofloxacin in an experimental model of endophthalmitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:678-82. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.124768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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García-Bermejo MJ, Antón J, Ferrer C, Meseguer I, Abad JL, Colom MF. Chromosome length polymorphism in Cryptococcus neoformans clinical and environmental isolates. Rev Iberoam Micol 2001; 18:174-9. [PMID: 15496124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A protocol for intact DNA preparation from the basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans has been developed and applied to karyotyping C. neoformans isolates displaying different degrees of capsule formation. A total of 46 strains have been analyzed: 23 (50%) isolated from environmental samples (pigeon droppings), all of them belonging to C. neoformans var. neoformans; and 23 (50%) from clinical samples (human and veterinarian) including 10 isolates of C. neoformans var. neoformans and 13 isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii. Our results showed a global genome size ranging from 14.2 to 20.9 Mb for variety neoformans and from 7.9 to 16.8 Mb for variety gattii. The karyotype diversity was very high for variety neoformans (29 different patterns for the 33 analyzed strains) and lower for variety gattii (six different patterns for 13 strains). No grouping among variety neoformans strains from the same origin was found indicating very high genome diversity for this variety, irrespectively of the origin of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J García-Bermejo
- División de Microbiología, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, Alicante, España
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3
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Segura I, González MA, Serrano A, Abad JL, Bernad A, Riese HH. High transfection efficiency of human umbilical vein endothelial cells using an optimized calcium phosphate method. Anal Biochem 2001; 296:143-7. [PMID: 11520044 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Segura
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
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Gómez-Móuton C, Abad JL, Mira E, Lacalle RA, Gallardo E, Jiménez-Baranda S, Illa I, Bernad A, Mañes S, Martínez-A C. Segregation of leading-edge and uropod components into specific lipid rafts during T cell polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:9642-7. [PMID: 11493690 PMCID: PMC55505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171160298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Redistribution of specialized molecules in migrating cells develops asymmetry between two opposite cell poles, the leading edge and the uropod. We show that acquisition of a motile phenotype in T lymphocytes results in the asymmetric redistribution of ganglioside GM3- and GM1-enriched raft domains to the leading edge and to the uropod, respectively. This segregation to each cell pole parallels the specific redistribution of membrane proteins associated to each raft subfraction. Our data suggest that raft partitioning is a major determinant for protein redistribution in polarized T cells, as ectopic expression of raft-associated proteins results in their asymmetric redistribution, whereas non-raft-partitioned mutants of these proteins are distributed homogeneously in the polarized cell membrane. Both acquisition of a migratory phenotype and SDF-1alpha-induced chemotaxis are cholesterol depletion-sensitive. Finally, GM3 and GM1 raft redistribution requires an intact actin cytoskeleton, but is insensitive to microtubule disruption. We propose that membrane protein segregation not only between raft and nonraft domains but also between distinct raft subdomains may be an organizational principle that mediates redistribution of specialized molecules needed for T cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gómez-Móuton
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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5
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Ruiz-Vela A, Serrano F, González MA, Abad JL, Bernad A, Maki M, Martínez-A C. Transplanted long-term cultured pre-BI cells expressing calpastatin are resistant to B cell receptor-induced apoptosis. J Exp Med 2001; 194:247-54. [PMID: 11489944 PMCID: PMC2193469 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.3.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term cultured pre-B cells are able to differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig)M-positive B cells (IgM(+) cells) when transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Based on previous studies, here we report the development of a reconstitution assay in nonobese diabetic/SCID (NOD/SCID) mice using pre-B cells, which allows us to study the role of calpains (calcium-activated endopeptidases) during B cell development as well as in B cell clonal deletion. Using this model, we show that calpastatin (the natural inhibitor of calpains) inhibits B cell receptor-induced apoptosis in IgM(+) cells derived from transplanted mice. We thus hypothesize an important function for calpain in sculpting the B cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Vela
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco UAM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Ferrer C, Colom F, Frasés S, Mulet E, Abad JL, Alió JL. Detection and identification of fungal pathogens by PCR and by ITS2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA typing in ocular infections. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2873-9. [PMID: 11474006 PMCID: PMC88253 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.8.2873-2879.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer/5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) can be used to detect fungal pathogens in patients with ocular infections (endophthalmitis and keratitis). Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 and 5.8S rDNA were amplified by PCR and seminested PCR to detect fungal DNA. Fifty strains of 12 fungal species (yeasts and molds) were used to test the selected primers and conditions of the PCR. PCR and seminested PCR of this region were carried out to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the method. It proved possible to amplify the ITS2/5.8S region of all the fungal strains by this PCR method. All negative controls (human and bacterial DNA) were PCR negative. The sensitivity of the seminested PCR amplification reaction by DNA dilutions was 1 organism per PCR, and the sensitivity by cell dilutions was fewer than 10 organisms per PCR. Intraocular sampling or corneal scraping was undertaken for all patients with suspected infectious endophthalmitis or keratitis (nonherpetic), respectively, between November 1999 and February 2001. PCRs were subsequently performed with 11 ocular samples. The amplified DNA was sequenced, and aligned against sequences in GenBank at the National Institutes of Health. The results were PCR positive for fungal primers for three corneal scrapings, one aqueous sample, and one vitreous sample; one of them was negative by culture. Molecular fungal identification was successful in all cases. Bacterial detection by PCR was positive for three aqueous samples and one vitreous sample; one of these was negative by culture. Amplification of ITS2/5.8S rDNA and molecular typing shows potential as a rapid technique for identifying fungi in ocular samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ferrer
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, 03015 Alicante, Spain.
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Larcher F, Del Rio M, Serrano F, Segovia JC, Ramírez A, Meana A, Page A, Abad JL, González MA, Bueren J, Bernad A, Jorcano JL. A cutaneous gene therapy approach to human leptin deficiencies: correction of the murine ob/ob phenotype using leptin-targeted keratinocyte grafts. FASEB J 2001; 15:1529-38. [PMID: 11427484 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0082com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Leptin deficiency produces a phenotype of obesity, diabetes, and infertility in the ob/ob mouse. In humans, leptin deficiency occurs in some cases of congenital obesity and in lipodystrophic disorders characterized by reduced adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Cutaneous gene therapy is considered an attractive potential method to correct circulating protein deficiencies, since gene-transferred human keratinocytes can produce and secrete gene products with systemic action. However, no studies showing correction of a systemic defect have been reported. We report the successful correction of leptin deficiency using cutaneous gene therapy in the ob/ob mouse model. As a feasibility approach, skin explants from transgenic mice overexpressing leptin were grafted on immunodeficient ob/ob mice. One month later, recipient mice reached body weight values of lean animals. Other biochemical and clinical parameters were also normalized. In a second human gene therapy approach, a retroviral vector encoding both leptin and EGFP cDNAs was used to transduce HK and, epithelial grafts enriched in high leptin-producing HK were transplanted to immunosuppressed ob/ob mice. HK-derived leptin induced body weight reduction after a drop in blood glucose and food intake. Leptin replacement through genetically engineered HK grafts provides a valuable therapeutic alternative for permanent treatment of human leptin deficiency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Larcher
- Project of Cell and Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy. CIEMAT. Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abad JL, Camps F, Fabriàs G. Stereospecificity of the (Z)-9 desaturase that converts (E)-11-tetradecenoic acid into (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienoic acid in the biosynthesis of Spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 31:799-803. [PMID: 11378415 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Moth pheromone glands contain desaturases that catalyze the formation of conjugated dienoic fatty acids. In this article we present the first stereochemical study on one of these enzymes, namely the Delta(9) desaturase of (E)-11-tetradecenoic acid, using the moth Spodoptera littoralis as a biological model and enantiopure deuterated probes derived from tridecanoic acid. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis of methanolyzed lipidic extracts from glands incubated with each individual probe showed that in the transformation of (E)-11-tetradecenoic acid into (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienoic acid both pro-(R) hydrogen atoms at C9 and C10 are removed from the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Abad
- Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034-Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Mira E, Lacalle RA, González MA, Gómez-Moutón C, Abad JL, Bernad A, Martínez-A C, Mañes S. A role for chemokine receptor transactivation in growth factor signaling. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:151-6. [PMID: 11258708 PMCID: PMC1083823 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex cell responses require the integration of signals delivered through different pathways. We show that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I induces specific transactivation of the Gi-coupled chemokine receptor CCR5, triggering its tyrosine phosphorylation and Galpha recruitment. This transactivation occurs via a mechanism involving transcriptional upregulation and secretion of RANTES, the natural CCR5 ligand. CCR5 transactivation is an essential downstream signal in IGF-I-induced cell chemotaxis, as abrogation of CCR5 function with a transdominant-negative KDELccr5A32 mutant abolishes IGF-I-induced migration. The relevance of this transactivation pathway was shown in vivo, as KDELccr5A32 overexpression prevents invasion by highly metastatic tumor cells; conversely, RANTES overexpression confers built-in invasive capacity on a non-invasive tumor cell line. Our results suggest that this extracellular growth factor-chemokine network represents a general mechanism connecting tumorigenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mira
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Abad JL, Fabriás G, Camps F. Synthesis of dideuterated and enantiomers of monodeuterated tridecanoic acids at C-9 and C-10 positions. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8582-8. [PMID: 11112578 DOI: 10.1021/jo000957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a route for the preparation of mono and dideuterated tridecanoic acids: (R)-[9-(2)H(1)]-, (S)-[9-(2)H(1)]-, (R)-[10-(2)H(1)]-, (S)-[10-(2)H(1)]-, [9,9-(2)H(2)]-, and [10, 10-(2)H(2)]-tridecanoic acids required as probes for biochemical studies on desaturases. The key intermediates in the synthesis of all these probes are ketones 9, which give rise to the corresponding alcohols 10 and 13 by reduction with LiAlD(4) and LiAlH(4), respectively. Derivatization of nondeuterated racemic alcohols 13 with (S)-(+)-9-anthranylmethoxyacetic acid ((S)-(+)-9-AMA) and chromatographic resolution of both diastereoisomers allowed us to determine the absolute configuration of the stereogenic centers by (1)H NMR using an adaptation of the model proposed by Riguera and co-workers which was validated with alcohols of known absolute configuration. Both enantiomeric alcohols (R)- and (S)-13 were recovered by reduction of each diastereomeric ester with LiAlH(4). Mesylation of alcohols 10 and 13 followed by nucleophilic substitution by LiAlD(4) generated the saturated methoxymethyl derivatives 12 and 16, respectively. Final deprotection and Jones oxidation of the resulting alcohols afforded the above deuterated tridecanoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Abad
- Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, IIQAB-CSICJordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Abad JL, Camps F, Fabriàs G. Is Hydrogen Tunneling Involved in AcylCoA Desaturase Reactions? The Case of a Delta(9) Desaturase That Transforms (E)-11-Tetradecenoic Acid into (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienoic Acid This work was supported by Comisión Asesora de Investigación Científica y Técnica (grant AGF 98-0844), Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca from the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant 97SGR-0021) and SEDQ S.A. We thank Prof. Nigel S. Scrutton (University of Leicester, UK) and Dr. Francisco J. Sanchez-Baeza (IIQAB, Barcelona, Spain) for helpful discussions, Dr. Josefina Casas and Dr. Antonio Delgado for critically reading the manuscript, and Germán Lázaro for rearing the insects used in this study. J.L.A. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for a Postdoctoral Reincorporation Contract. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:3279-3281. [PMID: 11028076 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000915)39:18<3279::aid-anie3279>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JL Abad
- Department of Biological Organic Chemistry (IIQAB-CSIC) Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona (Spain)
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12
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García-Ortiz MJ, Serrano F, Abad JL, González MA, Kremer L, Mellado M, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Martínez-A C, Bernad A. DeltahGHR, a novel biosafe cell surface-labeling molecule for analysis and selection of genetically transduced human cells. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:333-46. [PMID: 10680846 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050016067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new selectable marker for retroviral transduction and selection of human and murine cells. The molecule expressed on the cell surface of the transduced population is a truncated version of human growth hormone receptor (deltahGHR), capable of ligand (hGH) binding, but devoid of the domains involved in signal triggering. We demonstrate that the engineered molecule is stably expressed in the target cells as an inert protein unable to trigger proliferation or to rescue the cells from apoptosis after ligand binding. This new marker will probably have a wide application spectrum, since hGHR in the human adult is highly expressed only in liver cells, and lower levels have been reported in certain lymphocyte cell populations. The deltahGHR label has high biosafety potential, as it belongs to a well-characterized hormonal system that is nonessential in adults, and there is extensive clinical experience with hGH administration in humans. This record allows us to hypothesize the lack of relevant clinical consequences resulting from massive transgene expression caused by successful replacement of a large tissue with genetically transduced cells. We take advantage of the differential binding properties of several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in describing a cell rescue method in which the antibody used to select deltahGHR-transduced cells is eluted by competition with hGH or, alternatively biotinylated hGH is used to capture tagged cells. In the latter system, the final purified population would be recovered free of attached antibodies in hGH (a substance approved for human use)-containing medium, providing additional biosafety relative to currently existing methods that rely on the use of murine MAb to rescue genetically labeled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J García-Ortiz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro National de Biotecnología, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Serrano F, Laín de Lera T, González MA, García MJ, Abad JL, Bernad A. [Gene therapy of primary immunodeficiencies. Present and future]. Sangre (Barc) 1999; 44:143-53. [PMID: 10382324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Serrano
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C., Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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14
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González MA, Serrano F, Llorente M, Abad JL, García-Ortiz MJ, Bernad A. A hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the human chemokine receptor CCR5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 251:592-6. [PMID: 9792818 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CCR5 chemokine receptor plays a crucial role in the initiation of in vivo HIV infection, acting as a critical coreceptor molecule for primary strains. Individuals with mutations in the CCR5 gene that reduce its level of expression are resistant to HIV-1 infection. Since these mutations are not associated with any known clinical condition, CCR5 may be an ideal target for anti-HIV therapy. We have designed an artificial hammerhead ribozyme, denoted RzR5-76, targeted to exon 2 of the human CCR5 mRNA. When RzR5-76 activity is induced in HEK 293 cells transfected with a CCR5 expression plasmid, the surface levels of this chemokine receptor are reduced up to 60%. The results indicate that this inhibitory effect is mainly due to the catalytic activity of the ribozyme and not to its antisense properties. These preliminary data suggest that intracellular ribozymes could be used in vivo to block HIV-1 entry into human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A González
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS Corneal interface central nodules appeared in a patient who underwent uncomplicated laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) retreatment for residual myopia. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Nocardia asteroides keratitis was confirmed by microbiologic studies, which guided treatment. Six months after the appearance of the keratitis, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity was 20/45, and spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/40. The postoperative refraction was +0.75 -0.75 X 95 degrees, and slit-lamp examination revealed a clear cornea with a mild rounded scar in the central area. Night halos and starbursts were the main complaints in this patient. The immediate management of lifting the corneal flap for stromal bed scraping, fast microbial identification, and proper treatment was the key for the results in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Pérez-Santonja
- Refractive Surgery Section, Alicante Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Alicante School of Medicine, Spain
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