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Paredes-Molina FJ, Chaparro OR, Navarro JM, Cubillos VM, Montory JA, Pechenik JA. Embryonic encapsulated development of the gastropod Acanthina monodon is impacted by future environmental changes of temperature and pCO 2. Mar Environ Res 2023; 187:105971. [PMID: 37004497 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Egg capsules of the gastropod Acanthina monodon were maintained during the entire period of encapsulated development at three temperatures (10, 15, 20 °C) and two pCO2 levels (400, 1200 μatm). Embryos per capsule, size at hatching, time to hatching, embryonic metabolic rates, and the resistance of juveniles to shell breakage were quantified. No embryos maintained at 20 °C developed to hatching. The combination of temperature and pCO2 levels had synergistic effects on hatching time and developmental success, antagonistic effects on number of hatchlings per capsule, resistance to juvenile shell cracking and metabolism, and additive effect on hatching size. Juveniles hatched significantly sooner at 15 °C, independent of the pCO2 level that they had been exposed to, while individuals hatched at significantly smaller sizes if they had been held under 15 °C/1200 μatm rather than at 10 °C/low pCO2. Embryos held at the higher pCO2 had a significantly greater percentage of abnormalities. For capsules maintained at low pCO2 and 15 °C, emerging juveniles had less resistance to shell breakage. Embryonic metabolism was significantly higher at 15 °C than at 10 °C, independent of pCO2 level. The lower metabolism occurred in embryos maintained at the higher pCO2 level. Thus, in this study, temperature was the factor that had the greatest effect on the encapsulated development of A. monodon, increasing the metabolism of the embryos and consequently accelerating development, which was expressed in a shorter intracapsular development time, but with smaller individuals at hatching and a lower resistance of their shells to breakage. On the other hand, the high pCO2 level suppressed metabolism, prolonged intracapsular development, and promoted more incomplete development of the embryos. However, the combination of the two factors can mitigate--to some extent--the adverse effects of both incomplete development and lower resistance to shell breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Paredes-Molina
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - O R Chaparro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - V M Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J A Montory
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad De Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J A Pechenik
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Salas-Yanquin LP, Büchner-Miranda JA, Montory JA, Pechenik JA, Cubillos VM, Matos AS, Chaparro OR. Relationship between over-crowding within egg capsules of the marine gastropod Acanthina monodon and prospects for juvenile success. Mar Environ Res 2021; 169:105353. [PMID: 33991938 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated development with extraembryonic yolk may lead to competition for nutrients within egg capsules. In this research, different degrees of competition among embryos in subtidal egg capsules of Acanthina monodon resulted in considerable differences in hatching size. For newly hatched juveniles, individuals hatching from less crowded egg capsules showed better survival, larger SL, higher rates of oxygen consumption, and higher rates of food consumption. However, by 28 days after hatching, the largest surviving juveniles were the best-performing individuals, regardless of the initial embryo density within the capsules. In summary, more crowded egg capsules resulted in poorer survival. These findings may help to explain the variability seen in juvenile success in some field populations; much of that variation may reflect stressful experiences that the new recruits have had during the early stages of their encapsulated development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Salas-Yanquin
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J A Büchner-Miranda
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J A Montory
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J A Pechenik
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - V M Cubillos
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A S Matos
- Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinhos do Ceará, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Pici, Fortaleza, 60455760, Brazil
| | - O R Chaparro
- Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Cruces E, Rautenberger R, Cubillos VM, Ramírez-Kushel E, Rojas-Lillo Y, Lara C, Montory JA, Gómez I. Interaction of Photoprotective and Acclimation Mechanisms in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) in Response to Diurnal Changes in Solar Radiation in Southern Chile. J Phycol 2019; 55:1011-1027. [PMID: 31222742 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) are regarded as opportunistic organisms, which efficiently adjust their metabolism to the prevailing environmental conditions. In this study, changes in chlorophyll-a fluorescence-based photoinhibition of photosynthesis, electron transport rates, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant metabolism were investigated during a diurnal cycle of natural solar radiation in summer (for 12 h) under two treatments: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400-700 nm) and PAR+ ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280-700 nm). In the presence of PAR alone, Ulva rigida showed dynamic photoinhibition, and photosynthetic parameters and pigment concentrations decreased with the intensification of the radiation. On the other hand, under PAR+UV conditions a substantial decline up to 43% was detected and an incomplete fluorescence recovery, also, P-I curve values remained low in relation to the initial condition. The phenolic compounds increased their concentration only in UV radiation treatments without showing a correlation with the antioxidant activity. The enzimatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased over 2-fold respect at initial values during the onset of light intensity. In contrast, catalase (CAT) increased its activity rapidly in response to the radiation stress to reach maxima at 10 a.m. and decreasing during solar. The present study suggests that U. rigida is capable of acclimating to natural radiation stress relies on a concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that act at different times of the day and under different levels of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cruces
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras-Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Atacama, Chile
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Department of Algae Production, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Kudalsveien 6, 8027, Bodø, Norway
| | - Víctor Mauricio Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Kushel
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yesenia Rojas-Lillo
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
| | - Carlos Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, 8370993, Chile
| | | | - Iván Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Research Center FONDAP Dynamic of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems de (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
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Salas-Yanquin LP, Navarro JM, Pechenik JA, Montory JA, Chaparro OR. Volcanic ash in the water column: Physiological impact on the suspension-feeding bivalve Mytilus chilensis. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 127:342-351. [PMID: 29475670 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ashes settling into the sea from volcanic explosions expose suspension-feeding species to reduced seston quality. Adults and juveniles of the mussel Mytilus chilensis were exposed for 15days to the phytoplankton Isochrysis galbana together with various concentrations of ashes. We then quantified impact on survival and physiology. Although no individuals died during the experiment, by the end of the study clearance rates and oxygen consumption rates had decreased substantially, and tissue weight of mussels exposed to the highest ash concentrations declined substantially. Gills showed no physical damage, but did show abundant mucus secretion in response to ash particles. Moreover, as the relative proportions of microalgae to ash in the diet decreased, individuals showed increasing preferential ingestion of microalgal particles. Increased ash content in the diet altered physiological rates and activated distinct particle selection with a high production of pseudofeces and high energy costs, with potential long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Salas-Yanquin
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J A Pechenik
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - J A Montory
- Centro I-mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - O R Chaparro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Paredes-Molina FJ, Cubillos VM, Montory JA, Andrade-Villagrán PA. Are embryonic developing modes determinant in the acquisition and levels of photoprotective compounds in slipper limpets of the Crepipatella genus? J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 162:511-518. [PMID: 27472902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The type of embryonic development (mixed and direct) and its influence on the accumulation and translocation of photoprotective compounds from the mother to the encapsulated embryo was studied in the intertidal gastropods Crepipatella peruviana and Crepipatella dilatata during their reproductive peak. HPLC/MS was used to determine type and levels of sunscreen compounds (total carotenoids; TC/and mycosporine-like amino acid; MAA) in brooding females, capsule walls and early and pre-hatching embryos of both species. Photoprotective compounds were only quantified in nurse eggs of C. dilatata. Our results indicate that females of both species can accumulate TC and MAA at different levels, and they are able to transfer them selectively to capsule walls, embryos and nurse eggs. Palythine-serine (MW=244Da; λmax=320nm) and MAA-330 (MW=234Da; λmax=330nm) constitute total MAA pool in brooding females, whereas brooded embryos incorporate palythine (MW=244Da; λmax=320nm) to the MAA pool. Although TC was transferred from the mother to the embryo through the yolk in both species, MAA trespass showed differences. Females of C. peruviana transfer MAA to their embryos through the embryonic yolk; C. dilatata can transfer MAA only through their nurse eggs, which are consumed by embryos during the terminal stages of intracapsular development. Differences between mixed and direct embryonic development, as well as environmental UV-R levels, which the recently hatched larvae and juveniles of C. peruviana and C. dilatata are exposed to, would determine levels of sunscreen compounds in each species. Higher TC and MAA levels in pre-hatching larvae of C. peruviana compared to C. dilatata, indicate a necessity of C. peruviana for protection against UV-R radiation during approximately 15days when their veliger larvae remain in the water column before metamorphosis is complete. Conversely, low photoprotective levels in pre-hatching juveniles of C. dilatata could be related to low UV-R exposure levels due to the direct incorporation to the benthos and the presence of a protective shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Paredes-Molina
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - V M Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - J A Montory
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro i-mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P A Andrade-Villagrán
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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