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Hossain MS, Alam MR, Hasan MI, Sharif JU, Kabir MA, Islam MA, Alam AJ, Sultana T, Akter J. Prevalence of Serological Markers of Viruses in Patients of Acute Hepatitis. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:278-285. [PMID: 31086138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infections due to hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses are the major causes of hepatitis and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution pattern of serological markers in patients of acute viral hepatitis. This was a hospital based observational cross sectional study among purposively selected 107 patients admitted with acute viral hepatitis in the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from April 2017 to September 2017. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the patients, clinical assessment and investigations of biochemical and serological parameters using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done using the analytic software SPSS version 21.0. The mean age of the patients was 33.35±12.97 years. Majority was male (68.2%), Muslim (87.9%), married (72.9%) and came from urban area (63.6%) with different level of educational qualifications. The prevalence of viral hepatitis is higher in male (68.22%) than female (31.78%). The common clinical presentations were dark coloured urine (100.0%), yellow colouration of the sclera (100.0%), anorexia (90.6%), nausea/vomiting (79.4%) and abdominal pain (68.2%). Of the 107 patients, 51.40% (n=55) had acute viral E hepatitis, 36.40% (n=39) had acute viral B hepatitis, 12.15% (n=13) had acute viral A hepatitis. Mixed infection with both hepatitis E and A viruses was 1.87% (n=2). HEV and HBV are common in relatively older age while HAV is common in relatively younger age to cause acute viral hepatitis. The study revealed a high prevalence of HEV followed by HBV and HAV in the Bangladeshi population suspected of having suffered from acute viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hossain
- Dr Md Sohrab Hossain, IMO (Medicine), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail: sohrab
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Sebina I, Fogg LG, James KR, Soon MSF, Akter J, Thomas BS, Hill GR, Engwerda CR, Haque A. IL-6 promotes CD4 + T-cell and B-cell activation during Plasmodium infection. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28748530 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity develops in the spleen during blood-stage Plasmodium infection. This elicits parasite-specific IgM and IgG, which control parasites and protect against malaria. Studies in mice have elucidated cells and molecules driving humoral immunity to Plasmodium, including CD4+ T cells, B cells, interleukin (IL)-21 and ICOS. IL-6, a cytokine readily detected in Plasmodium-infected mice and humans, is recognized in other systems as a driver of humoral immunity. Here, we examined the effect of infection-induced IL-6 on humoral immunity to Plasmodium. Using P. chabaudi chabaudi AS (PcAS) infection of wild-type and IL-6-/- mice, we found that IL-6 helped to control parasites during primary infection. IL-6 promoted early production of parasite-specific IgM but not IgG. Notably, splenic CD138+ plasmablast development was more dependent on IL-6 than germinal centre (GC) B-cell differentiation. IL-6 also promoted ICOS expression by CD4+ T cells, as well as their localization close to splenic B cells, but was not required for early Tfh-cell development. Finally, IL-6 promoted parasite control, IgM and IgG production, GC B-cell development and ICOS expression by Tfh cells in a second model, Py17XNL infection. IL-6 promotes CD4+ T-cell activation and B-cell responses during blood-stage Plasmodium infection, which encourages parasite-specific antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sebina
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine PhD Programme, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - L G Fogg
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - K R James
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine PhD Programme, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - M S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine PhD Programme, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - J Akter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine PhD Programme, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - B S Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - G R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - C R Engwerda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - A Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Akter J. Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among Diabetic Women of Reproductive Age Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zaman A, Khan MSS, Akter L, Syeed SH, Akter J, Al Mamun A, Alam ME, Habib MA, Jalil MA. Exploring new pharmacology and toxicological screening and safety evaluation of one widely used formulation of Nidrakar Bati from South Asia region. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:121. [PMID: 25880852 PMCID: PMC4415343 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nidrakar Bati (NKB) is an herbal remedy consisted with seven medicinal herbs widely used to cure Somnifacient (sleeping aid) in South Asia as Ayurvedic medicinal system. In the present study, pharmacological and toxicological effects of this medicine was investigated in mice to validate the safety and efficacy of the herb. METHODS Organic solvent extracts NKB were prepared using maceration method. Effect of extracts on the central nervous system was evaluated using hypnotic activity assay. Effect of the extracts on metabolic activity, assessing involvement of thyroid was conducted using hypoxia test. analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed in mice using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw edema, xylene induced ear edema assays. Anxiolytic activity was performed using plus maze, climbing out and forced swimming tests. Effect of the extracts on psychopharmacological effect was carried out using locomotor activity tests (open field, Hole-board and Hole-cross tests). Neuropharmacological effect of the extracts was performed using motor coordination (rotarod test). Toxicological potential of the extract was evaluated using gastro-intestinal activity (gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility tests). RESULTS The studied formulation reduced the CNS stimulant effects dose independently. In the hypoxia test, only a dose of 100 mg/kg of NKB decreased the survival time. Orally administration of the NKB (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition (P < 0.01) of the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and suppressed xylene induced ear edema and formalin-induced licking response of animals in both phases of the test. NKB showed locomotor activity (p < 0.05) both in higher and lower doses (100 and 400 mg/kg). NKB increased the total ambulation dose dependently (p < 0.05). NKB, at all tested doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) increased some locomotion activity parameters (ambulation, head dipping and emotional defecation) in hole board test. At higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), NKB showed a significant increase in hole cross test. NKB showed an increase in the time on the open arms of the maze at low to medium doses (100 and 200 mg/kg). When using the Rotarod method, NKB showed a considerable increase on motor coordination of the mice. NKB produced marked gastric emptying effect and decreased gastrointestinal motility in mice at low dose. CONCLUSIONS NKB demonstrated various pharmacological effects and toxicological effects due to presence of several herbs in the formulation those are not closely fit for the effect of CNS depressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afria Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Lucky Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh.
| | - Sharif Hossain Syeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Jakia Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ershad Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Ahsan Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdul Jalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangladesh University, Mohammodpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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