1
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Park S, Colville MJ, Paek JH, Shurer CR, Singh A, Secor EJ, Sailer CJ, Huang LT, Kuo JCH, Goudge MC, Su J, Kim M, DeLisa MP, Neelamegham S, Lammerding J, Zipfel WR, Fischbach C, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Immunoengineering can overcome the glycocalyx armour of cancer cells. Nat Mater 2024; 23:429-438. [PMID: 38361041 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cell glycocalyx is a major line of defence against immune surveillance. However, how specific physical properties of the glycocalyx are regulated on a molecular level, contribute to immune evasion and may be overcome through immunoengineering must be resolved. Here we report how cancer-associated mucins and their glycosylation contribute to the nanoscale material thickness of the glycocalyx and consequently modulate the functional interactions with cytotoxic immune cells. Natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity is inversely correlated with the glycocalyx thickness of the target cells. Changes in glycocalyx thickness of approximately 10 nm can alter the susceptibility to immune cell attack. Enhanced stimulation of natural killer and T cells through equipment with chimeric antigen receptors can improve the cytotoxicity against mucin-bearing target cells. Alternatively, cytotoxicity can be enhanced through engineering effector cells to display glycocalyx-editing enzymes, including mucinases and sialidases. Together, our results motivate the development of immunoengineering strategies that overcome the glycocalyx armour of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marshall J Colville
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justin H Paek
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carolyn R Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Erica J Secor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cooper J Sailer
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marc C Goudge
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Warren R Zipfel
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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2
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Odell J, Gräf R, Lammerding J. Heterologous expression of Dictyostelium discoideum NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar7. [PMID: 37910203 PMCID: PMC10881167 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear whether these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the Dictyostelium discoideum lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins. We report that NE81 localizes to the nucleus in cells lacking Lamin A/C, and that NE81 expression improves nuclear circularity, reduces nuclear deformability, and prevents nuclear envelope rupture in these cells. However, NE81 did not completely rescue loss of Lamin A/C, and was unable to restore normal distribution of metazoan lamin interactors, such as emerin and nuclear pore complexes, which are frequently displaced in Lamin A/C deficient cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the ability of lamins to modulate the morphology and mechanical properties of nuclei may have been a feature present in the common ancestor of Dictyostelium and animals, whereas other, more specialized interactions may have evolved more recently in metazoan lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Odell
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ralph Gräf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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3
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Odell J, Lammerding J. Lamins as structural nuclear elements through evolution. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102267. [PMID: 37871500 PMCID: PMC10841731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins with important, well-established roles in humans and other vertebrates. Lamins interact with DNA and numerous proteins at the nuclear envelope to determine the mechanical properties of the nucleus, coordinate chromatin organization, and modulate gene expression. Many of these functions are conserved in the lamin homologs found in basal metazoan organisms, including Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. Lamin homologs have also been recently identified in non-metazoans, like the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, yet how these proteins compare functionally to the metazoan isoforms is only beginning to emerge. A better understanding of these distantly related lamins is not only valuable for a more complete picture of eukaryotic evolution, but may also provide new insights into the function of vertebrate lamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Odell
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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4
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Tan ML, Jenkins-Johnston N, Huang S, Schutrum B, Vadhin S, Adhikari A, Williams RM, Zipfel WR, Lammerding J, Varner JD, Fischbach C. Endothelial cells metabolically regulate breast cancer invasion toward a microvessel. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046116. [PMID: 38058993 PMCID: PMC10697723 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is initiated by invasion of tumor cells into the collagen type I-rich stroma to reach adjacent blood vessels. Prior work has identified that metabolic plasticity is a key requirement of tumor cell invasion into collagen. However, it remains largely unclear how blood vessels affect this relationship. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform to analyze how tumor cells invade collagen in the presence and absence of a microvascular channel. We demonstrate that endothelial cells secrete pro-migratory factors that direct tumor cell invasion toward the microvessel. Analysis of tumor cell metabolism using metabolic imaging, metabolomics, and computational flux balance analysis revealed that these changes are accompanied by increased rates of glycolysis and oxygen consumption caused by broad alterations of glucose metabolism. Indeed, restricting glucose availability decreased endothelial cell-induced tumor cell invasion. Our results suggest that endothelial cells promote tumor invasion into the stroma due, in part, to reprogramming tumor cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Tan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Niaa Jenkins-Johnston
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sarah Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Brittany Schutrum
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sandra Vadhin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Abhinav Adhikari
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Williams
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Warren R. Zipfel
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Varner
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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5
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Wallace M, Fedorchak GR, Agrawal R, Gilbert RM, Patel J, Park S, Paszek M, Lammerding J. The lamin A/C Ig-fold undergoes cell density-dependent changes that alter epitope binding. Nucleus 2023; 14:2180206. [PMID: 36809122 PMCID: PMC9980629 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins A/C are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are involved in diverse cellular mechanical and biochemical functions. Here, we report that recognition of Lamins A/C by a commonly used antibody (JOL-2) that binds the Lamin A/C Ig-fold and other antibodies targeting similar epitopes is highly dependent on cell density, even though Lamin A/Clevels do not change. We propose that the effect is caused by partial unfolding or masking of the C'E and/or EF loops of the Ig-fold in response to cell spreading. Surprisingly, JOL-2 antibody labeling was insensitive to disruption of cytoskeletal filaments or the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Furthermore, neither nuclear stiffness nor nucleo-cytoskeletal force transmission changed with cell density. These findings are important for the interpretation of immunofluorescence data for Lamin A/C and also raise the intriguing prospect that the conformational changes may play a role in Lamin A/C mediated cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R. Fedorchak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M. Gilbert
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jineet Patel
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA,CONTACT Jan Lammerding Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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6
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Smolka MB, Lammerding J. ATR takes a crack at the nuclear envelope. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3588-3590. [PMID: 37863026 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In this issue, Joo et al.1 and Kovacs et al.2 report that the ATR kinase promotes nuclear envelope rupture through the phosphorylation of Lamin A/C, inducing processes such as cGAS-STING pathway activation, micronuclei clearance, and potentially cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus B Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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7
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Odell J, Gräf R, Lammerding J. Heterologous expression of Dictyostelium discoideum NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.31.543154. [PMID: 37398420 PMCID: PMC10312578 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear if these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the Dictyostelium discoideum lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins. We report that NE81 localizes to the nucleus in cells lacking Lamin A/C, and that NE81 expression improves nuclear circularity, reduces nuclear deformability, and prevents nuclear envelope rupture in these cells. However, NE81 did not completely rescue loss of Lamin A/C, and was unable to restore normal distribution of metazoan lamin interactors, such as emerin and nuclear pore complexes, which are frequently displaced in Lamin A/C deficient cells. Collectively, our results indicate that the ability of lamins to modulate the morphology and mechanical properties of nuclei may have been a feature present in the common ancestor of Dictyostelium and animals, whereas other, more specialized interactions may have evolved more recently in metazoan lineages.
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8
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Wallace M, Zahr H, Perati S, Morsink CD, Johnson LE, Gacita AM, Lai S, Wallrath LL, Benjamin IJ, McNally EM, Kirby TJ, Lammerding J. Nuclear damage in LMNA mutant iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is associated with impaired lamin localization to the nuclear envelope. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:mbcE21100527. [PMID: 37585285 PMCID: PMC10846625 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes the nuclear envelope proteins Lamins A and C, which comprise a major part of the nuclear lamina, provide mechanical support to the nucleus, and participate in diverse intracellular signaling. LMNA mutations give rise to a collection of diseases called laminopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy (LMNA-DCM) and muscular dystrophies. Although nuclear deformities are a hallmark of LMNA-DCM, the role of nuclear abnormalities in the pathogenesis of LMNA-DCM remains incompletely understood. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from LMNA mutant patients and healthy controls, we show that LMNA mutant iPSC-CM nuclei have altered shape or increased size compared to healthy control iPSC-CM nuclei. The LMNA mutation exhibiting the most severe nuclear deformities, R249Q, additionally caused reduced nuclear stiffness and increased nuclear fragility. Importantly, for all cell lines, the degree of nuclear abnormalities corresponded to the degree of Lamin A/C and Lamin B1 mislocalization from the nuclear envelope. The mislocalization was likely due to altered assembly of Lamin A/C. Collectively, these results point to the importance of correct lamin assembly at the nuclear envelope in providing mechanical stability to the nucleus and suggest that defects in nuclear lamina organization may contribute to the nuclear and cellular dysfunction in LMNA-DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Hind Zahr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Shriya Perati
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Chloé D. Morsink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anthony M. Gacita
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Tyler J. Kirby
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
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9
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Elpers MA, Varlet AA, Agrawal R, Lammerding J. Agarose-based 3D Cell Confinement Assay to Study Nuclear Mechanobiology. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e847. [PMID: 37459474 PMCID: PMC10407883 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cells in living tissues are exposed to substantial mechanical forces and constraints imposed by neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, and external factors. Mechanical forces and physical confinement can drive various cellular responses, including changes in gene expression, cell growth, differentiation, and migration, all of which have important implications in physiological and pathological processes, such as immune cell migration or cancer metastasis. Previous studies have shown that nuclear deformation induced by 3D confinement promotes cell contractility but can also cause DNA damage and changes in chromatin organization, thereby motivating further studies in nuclear mechanobiology. In this protocol, we present a custom-developed, easy-to-use, robust, and low-cost approach to induce precisely defined physical confinement on cells using agarose pads with micropillars and externally applied weights. We validated the device by confirming nuclear deformation, changes in nuclear area, and cell viability after confinement. The device is suitable for short- and long-term confinement studies and compatible with imaging of both live and fixed samples, thus presenting a versatile approach to studying the impact of 3D cell confinement and nuclear deformation on cellular function. This article contains detailed protocols for the fabrication and use of the confinement device, including live cell imaging and labeling of fixed cells for subsequent analysis. These protocols can be amended for specific applications. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Design and fabrication of the confinement device wafer Basic Protocol 2: Cell confinement assay Support Protocol 1: Fixation and staining of cells after confinement Support protocol 2: Live/dead staining of cells during confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Elpers
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alice-Anais Varlet
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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10
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Lammerding J, Engler AJ, Kamm R. Mechanobiology of the cell nucleus. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:040401. [PMID: 36536804 PMCID: PMC9759352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6007, USA,Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA,Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Roger Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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11
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Aakula A, Isomursu A, Rupp C, Erickson A, Gupta N, Kauko O, Shah P, Padzik A, Pokharel YR, Kaur A, Li SP, Trotman L, Taimen P, Rannikko A, Lammerding J, Paatero I, Mirtti T, Ivaska J, Westermarck J. PP2A methylesterase PME-1 suppresses anoikis and is associated with therapy relapse of PTEN-deficient prostate cancers. Mol Oncol 2022. [PMID: 36461911 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa) is mostly therapeutically manageable, metastatic progression of PCa remains an unmet clinical challenge. Resistance to anoikis, a form of cell death initiated by cell detachment from the surrounding extracellular matrix, is one of the cellular processes critical for PCa progression towards aggressive disease. Therefore, further understanding of anoikis regulation in PCa might provide therapeutic opportunities. Here, we discover that PCa tumors with concomitant inhibition of two tumor suppressor phosphatases, PP2A and PTEN, are particularly aggressive, having less than 50% 5-year secondary-therapy-free patient survival. Functionally, overexpression of PME-1, a methylesterase for the catalytic PP2A-C subunit, inhibits anoikis in PTEN-deficient PCa cells. In vivo, PME-1 inhibition increased apoptosis in in ovo PCa tumor xenografts, and attenuated PCa cell survival in zebrafish circulation. Molecularly, PME-1-deficient PC3 cells display increased trimethylation at lysines 9 and 27 of histone H3 (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), a phenotype known to correlate with increased apoptosis sensitivity. In summary, our results demonstrate that PME-1 supports anoikis resistance in PTEN-deficient PCa cells. Clinically, these results identify PME-1 as a candidate biomarker for a subset of particularly aggressive PTEN-deficient PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aakula
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Rupp
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrew Erickson
- HUSLAB Laboratory Services, Helsinki University Hospital Medicum and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology & Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Artur Padzik
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Current addresses: Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Song-Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Current addresses: The school of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Lloyd Trotman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Harbor, Cold Spring, NY, USA
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology & Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- HUSLAB Laboratory Services, Helsinki University Hospital Medicum and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Life Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00014, Helsinki
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Mehl JL, Earle A, Lammerding J, Mhlanga M, Vogel V, Jain N. Blockage of lamin-A/C loss diminishes the pro-inflammatory macrophage response. iScience 2022; 25:105528. [PMID: 36465100 PMCID: PMC9708799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and defects in nuclear lamins can cause major pathologies, including inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known. We now report that the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages, as induced by LPS or pathogenic E. coli, reduces Lamin-A/C levels thereby augmenting pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine secretion. We show that the activation of bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) causes the phosphorylation and degradation of Lamin-A/C, as mediated by CDK1 and Caspase-6, respectively, necessary for upregulating IFN-β expression. Enhanced IFN-β expression subsequently increases pro-inflammatory gene expression via the IFN-β-STAT axis. Pro-inflammatory gene expression was also amplified in the complete absence of Lamin-A/C. Alternatively, pharmacological inhibition of either Lamin-A/C phosphorylation or degradation significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory gene expression, as did the targeting of IFN-β-STAT pathway members, i.e. phospho-STAT1 and phospho-STAT3. As Lamin-A/C is a previously unappreciated regulator of the pro-inflammatory macrophage response, our findings suggest novel opportunities to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Mehl
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, HCI E357.1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ashley Earle
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Musa Mhlanga
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, HCI E357.1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland,Corresponding author
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, HCI E357.1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland,Corresponding author
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13
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Sanketi BD, Zuela-Sopilniak N, Bundschuh E, Gopal S, Hu S, Long J, Lammerding J, Hopyan S, Kurpios NA. Pitx2 patterns an accelerator-brake mechanical feedback through latent TGFβ to rotate the gut. Science 2022; 377:eabl3921. [PMID: 36137018 PMCID: PMC10089252 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate intestine forms by asymmetric gut rotation and elongation, and errors cause lethal obstructions in human infants. Rotation begins with tissue deformation of the dorsal mesentery, which is dependent on left-sided expression of the Paired-like transcription factor Pitx2. The conserved morphogen Nodal induces asymmetric Pitx2 to govern embryonic laterality, but organ-level regulation of Pitx2 during gut asymmetry remains unknown. We found Nodal to be dispensable for Pitx2 expression during mesentery deformation. Intestinal rotation instead required a mechanosensitive latent transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), tuning a second wave of Pitx2 that induced reciprocal tissue stiffness in the left mesentery as mechanical feedback with the right side. This signaling regulator, an accelerator (right) and brake (left), combines biochemical and biomechanical inputs to break gut morphological symmetry and direct intestinal rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noam Zuela-Sopilniak
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bundschuh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sharada Gopal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shing Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph Long
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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14
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Hsia CR, McAllister J, Hasan O, Judd J, Lee S, Agrawal R, Chang CY, Soloway P, Lammerding J. Confined migration induces heterochromatin formation and alters chromatin accessibility. iScience 2022; 25:104978. [PMID: 36117991 PMCID: PMC9474860 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During migration, cells often squeeze through small constrictions, requiring extensive deformation. We hypothesized that nuclear deformation associated with such confined migration could alter chromatin organization and function. By studying cells migrating through microfluidic devices that mimic interstitial spaces in vivo, we found that confined migration results in increased H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 heterochromatin marks that persist for days. This "confined migration-induced heterochromatin" (CMiH) was distinct from heterochromatin formation during migration initiation. Confined migration decreased chromatin accessibility at intergenic regions near centromeres and telomeres, suggesting heterochromatin spreading from existing sites. Consistent with the overall decrease in accessibility, global transcription was decreased during confined migration. Intriguingly, we also identified increased accessibility at promoter regions of genes linked to chromatin silencing, tumor invasion, and DNA damage response. Inhibiting CMiH reduced migration speed, suggesting that CMiH promotes confined migration. Together, our findings indicate that confined migration induces chromatin changes that regulate cell migration and other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jawuanna McAllister
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ovais Hasan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julius Judd
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul Soloway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Abstract
Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing research area focused on how mechanical forces and properties influence biological systems at the cell, molecular, and tissue level, and how those biological systems, in turn, control mechanical parameters. Recently, it has become apparent that disrupted mechanobiology has a significant role in many diseases, from cardiovascular disease to muscular dystrophy and cancer. An improved understanding of this intricate process could be harnessed toward developing alternative and more targeted treatment strategies, and to advance the fields of regenerative and personalized medicine. Modulating the mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment has already been used successfully to boost antitumor immune responses and to induce cardiac and spinal regeneration, providing inspiration for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Zuela-Sopilniak
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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16
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Kalukula Y, Stephens AD, Lammerding J, Gabriele S. Mechanics and functional consequences of nuclear deformations. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:583-602. [PMID: 35513718 PMCID: PMC9902167 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the home of cellular genetic information, the nucleus has a critical role in determining cell fate and function in response to various signals and stimuli. In addition to biochemical inputs, the nucleus is constantly exposed to intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical forces that trigger dynamic changes in nuclear structure and morphology. Emerging data suggest that the physical deformation of the nucleus modulates many cellular and nuclear functions. These functions have long been considered to be downstream of cytoplasmic signalling pathways and dictated by gene expression. In this Review, we discuss an emerging perspective on the mechanoregulation of the nucleus that considers the physical connections from chromatin to nuclear lamina and cytoskeletal filaments as a single mechanical unit. We describe key mechanisms of nuclear deformations in time and space and provide a critical review of the structural and functional adaptive responses of the nucleus to deformations. We then consider the contribution of nuclear deformations to the regulation of important cellular functions, including muscle contraction, cell migration and human disease pathogenesis. Collectively, these emerging insights shed new light on the dynamics of nuclear deformations and their roles in cellular mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohalie Kalukula
- University of Mons, Soft Matter and Biomaterials group, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, Place du Parc, 20 B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Andrew D. Stephens
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sylvain Gabriele
- University of Mons, Soft Matter and Biomaterials group, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, CIRMAP, Place du Parc, 20 B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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17
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Bell ES, Shah P, Zuela-Sopilniak N, Kim D, Varlet AA, Morival JL, McGregor AL, Isermann P, Davidson PM, Elacqua JJ, Lakins JN, Vahdat L, Weaver VM, Smolka MB, Span PN, Lammerding J. Low lamin A levels enhance confined cell migration and metastatic capacity in breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4211-4230. [PMID: 35896617 PMCID: PMC9925375 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrations in nuclear size and shape are commonly used to identify cancerous tissue. However, it remains unclear whether the disturbed nuclear structure directly contributes to the cancer pathology or is merely a consequence of other events occurring during tumorigenesis. Here, we show that highly invasive and proliferative breast cancer cells frequently exhibit Akt-driven lower expression of the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A/C, leading to increased nuclear deformability that permits enhanced cell migration through confined environments that mimic interstitial spaces encountered during metastasis. Importantly, increasing lamin A/C expression in highly invasive breast cancer cells reflected gene expression changes characteristic of human breast tumors with higher LMNA expression, and specifically affected pathways related to cell-ECM interactions, cell metabolism, and PI3K/Akt signaling. Further supporting an important role of lamins in breast cancer metastasis, analysis of lamin levels in human breast tumors revealed a significant association between lower lamin A levels, Akt signaling, and decreased disease-free survival. These findings suggest that downregulation of lamin A/C in breast cancer cells may influence both cellular physical properties and biochemical signaling to promote metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Bell
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Dongsung Kim
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Alice-Anais Varlet
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Julien L.P. Morival
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Alexandra L. McGregor
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Philipp Isermann
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Joshua J. Elacqua
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jonathan N. Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Linda Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Helen Diller Cancer Center, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marcus B. Smolka
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Paul N. Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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18
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Shaw NM, Rios-Monterrosa JL, Fedorchak GR, Ketterer MR, Coombs GS, Lammerding J, Wallrath LL. Effects of mutant lamins on nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling in Drosophila models of LMNA muscular dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934586. [PMID: 36120560 PMCID: PMC9471154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclei of multinucleated skeletal muscles experience substantial external force during development and muscle contraction. Protection from such forces is partly provided by lamins, intermediate filaments that form a scaffold lining the inner nuclear membrane. Lamins play a myriad of roles, including maintenance of nuclear shape and stability, mediation of nuclear mechanoresponses, and nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling. Herein, we investigate how disease-causing mutant lamins alter myonuclear properties in response to mechanical force. This was accomplished via a novel application of a micropipette harpooning assay applied to larval body wall muscles of Drosophila models of lamin-associated muscular dystrophy. The assay enables the measurement of both nuclear deformability and intracellular force transmission between the cytoskeleton and nuclear interior in intact muscle fibers. Our studies revealed that specific mutant lamins increase nuclear deformability while other mutant lamins cause nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling defects, which were associated with loss of microtubular nuclear caging. We found that microtubule caging of the nucleus depended on Msp300, a KASH domain protein that is a component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Taken together, these findings identified residues in lamins required for connecting the nucleus to the cytoskeleton and suggest that not all muscle disease-causing mutant lamins produce similar defects in subcellular mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jose L. Rios-Monterrosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Gregory R. Fedorchak
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Margaret R. Ketterer
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Gary S. Coombs
- Biology Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lori L. Wallrath,
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19
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Shah P, McGuigan CW, Cheng S, Vanpouille-Box C, Demaria S, Weiss RS, Lammerding J. ATM Modulates Nuclear Mechanics by Regulating Lamin A Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875132. [PMID: 35721517 PMCID: PMC9198445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is one of the three main apical kinases at the crux of DNA damage response and repair in mammalian cells. ATM activates a cascade of downstream effector proteins to regulate DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA double-strand breaks. While ATM is predominantly known for its role in DNA damage response and repair, new roles of ATM have recently begun to emerge, such as in regulating oxidative stress or metabolic pathways. Here, we report the surprising discovery that ATM inhibition and deletion lead to reduced expression of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A. Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments that modulate nuclear shape, structure, and stiffness. Accordingly, inhibition or deletion of ATM resulted in increased nuclear deformability and enhanced cell migration through confined spaces, which requires substantial nuclear deformation. These findings point to a novel connection between ATM and lamin A and may have broad implications for cells with ATM mutations—as found in patients suffering from Ataxia Telangiectasia and many human cancers—which could lead to enhanced cell migration and increased metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Connor W. McGuigan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Svea Cheng
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Robert S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jan Lammerding,
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20
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Tollis S, Rizzotto A, Pham NT, Koivukoski S, Sivakumar A, Shave S, Wildenhain J, Zuleger N, Keys JT, Culley J, Zheng Y, Lammerding J, Carragher NO, Brunton VG, Latonen L, Auer M, Tyers M, Schirmer EC. Chemical Interrogation of Nuclear Size Identifies Compounds with Cancer Cell Line-Specific Effects on Migration and Invasion. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:680-700. [PMID: 35199530 PMCID: PMC8938924 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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Background: Lower survival rates for many cancer
types correlate with changes in nuclear size/scaling in a tumor-type/tissue-specific
manner. Hypothesizing that such changes might confer an advantage
to tumor cells, we aimed at the identification of commercially available
compounds to guide further mechanistic studies. We therefore screened
for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved
compounds that reverse the direction of characteristic tumor nuclear
size changes in PC3, HCT116, and H1299 cell lines reflecting, respectively,
prostate adenocarcinoma, colonic adenocarcinoma, and small-cell squamous
lung cancer. Results: We found distinct, largely
nonoverlapping sets of compounds that rectify nuclear size changes
for each tumor cell line. Several classes of compounds including,
e.g., serotonin uptake inhibitors, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, β-adrenergic
receptor agonists, and Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitors,
displayed coherent nuclear size phenotypes focused on a particular
cell line or across cell lines and treatment conditions. Several compounds
from classes far afield from current chemotherapy regimens were also
identified. Seven nuclear size-rectifying compounds selected for further
investigation all inhibited cell migration and/or invasion. Conclusions: Our study provides (a) proof of concept that
nuclear size might be a valuable target to reduce cell migration/invasion
in cancer treatment and (b) the most thorough collection of tool compounds
to date reversing nuclear size changes specific to individual cancer-type
cell lines. Although these compounds still need to be tested in primary
cancer cells, the cell line-specific nuclear size and migration/invasion
responses to particular drug classes suggest that cancer type-specific
nuclear size rectifiers may help reduce metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Andrea Rizzotto
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Sonja Koivukoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Aishwarya Sivakumar
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Steven Shave
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jan Wildenhain
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Nikolaj Zuleger
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jeremy T. Keys
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jayne Culley
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Yijing Zheng
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Manfred Auer
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
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21
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Agrawal R, Windsor A, Lammerding J. Assembly and Use of a Microfluidic Device to Study Nuclear Mechanobiology During Confined Migration. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2502:329-349. [PMID: 35412249 PMCID: PMC9862508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2337-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, that is, the spreading of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites, requires cancer cells to travel through pores substantially smaller than their cross section . This "confined migration" requires substantial deformation by the relatively large and rigid nucleus, which can impact nuclear compartmentalization, trigger cellular mechanotransduction pathways, and increase genomic instability. To improve our understanding of how cells perform and respond to confined migration, we developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices in which cells migrate through a precisely controlled "field of pillars" that closely mimic the intermittent confinement of tumor microenvironments and interstitial spaces. The devices can be designed with various densities of pillars, ranging from a very low density that does not require nuclear deformation to high densities that present microenvironment conditions with severe confinement. The devices enable assessment of cellular fitness for confined migration based on the distance traveled through the constriction area over several days. In this protocol, we present two complementary techniques to generate silicon master molds for the device fabrication: (1) SU-8 soft lithography for rapid prototyping and for devices with relatively large features; and (2) reactive ion etching (RIE) to achieve finer features and more durable molds. In addition, we describe the production, use, and validation of the devices, along with the analysis pipeline for experiments using the devices with fluorescently labeled cells. Collectively, this protocol enables the study of confined migration and is readily amendable to investigate other aspects of confined migration mechanobiology, such as nuclear pore complex function in response to nuclear deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Agrawal
- Weill Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aaron Windsor
- Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14850, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to
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22
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Siemsen K, Rajput S, Rasch F, Taheri F, Adelung R, Lammerding J, Selhuber‐Unkel C. Tunable 3D Hydrogel Microchannel Networks to Study Confined Mammalian Cell Migration (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 23/2021). Adv Healthc Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Siemsen K, Rajput S, Rasch F, Taheri F, Adelung R, Lammerding J, Selhuber-Unkel C. Tunable 3D Hydrogel Microchannel Networks to Study Confined Mammalian Cell Migration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100625. [PMID: 34668667 PMCID: PMC8743577 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells adapt and move due to chemical, physical, and mechanical cues from their microenvironment. It is therefore important to create materials that mimic human tissue physiology by surface chemistry, architecture, and dimensionality to control cells in biomedical settings. The impact of the environmental architecture is particularly relevant in the context of cancer cell metastasis, where cells migrate through small constrictions in their microenvironment to invade surrounding tissues. Here, a synthetic hydrogel scaffold with an interconnected, random, 3D microchannel network is presented that is functionalized with collagen to promote cell adhesion. It is shown that cancer cells can invade such scaffolds within days, and both the microarchitecture and stiffness of the hydrogel modulate cell invasion and nuclear dynamics of the cells. Specifically, it is found that cell migration through the microchannels is a function of hydrogel stiffness. In addition to this, it is shown that the hydrogel stiffness and confinement, influence the occurrence of nuclear envelope ruptures of cells. The tunable hydrogel microarchitecture and stiffness thus provide a novel tool to investigate cancer cell invasion as a function of the 3D microenvironment. Furthermore, the material provides a promising strategy to control cell positioning, migration, and cellular function in biological applications, such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Siemsen
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, D-24143, Germany
| | - Sunil Rajput
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Florian Rasch
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, D-24143, Germany
| | - Fereydoon Taheri
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kiel, D-24143, Germany
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Christine Selhuber-Unkel
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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24
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Shah P, Hobson CM, Cheng S, Colville MJ, Paszek MJ, Superfine R, Lammerding J. Nuclear Deformation Causes DNA Damage by Increasing Replication Stress. Curr Biol 2021; 31:753-765.e6. [PMID: 33326770 PMCID: PMC7904640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, i.e., the spreading of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant organs, is responsible for the vast majority of cancer deaths. In the process, cancer cells migrate through narrow interstitial spaces substantially smaller in cross-section than the cell. During such confined migration, cancer cells experience extensive nuclear deformation, nuclear envelope rupture, and DNA damage. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the confined migration-induced DNA damage remain incompletely understood. Although in some cell lines, DNA damage is closely associated with nuclear envelope rupture, we show that, in others, mechanical deformation of the nucleus is sufficient to cause DNA damage, even in the absence of nuclear envelope rupture. This deformation-induced DNA damage, unlike nuclear-envelope-rupture-induced DNA damage, occurs primarily in S/G2 phase of the cell cycle and is associated with replication forks. Nuclear deformation, resulting from either confined migration or external cell compression, increases replication stress, possibly by increasing replication fork stalling, providing a molecular mechanism for the deformation-induced DNA damage. Thus, we have uncovered a new mechanism for mechanically induced DNA damage, linking mechanical deformation of the nucleus to DNA replication stress. This mechanically induced DNA damage could not only increase genomic instability in metastasizing cancer cells but could also cause DNA damage in non-migrating cells and tissues that experience mechanical compression during development, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis and DNA damage response activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chad M Hobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Svea Cheng
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marshall J Colville
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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25
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Abstract
How cells sense their physical microenvironment remains incompletely understood. In two recent Science articles, Lomakin et al. (2020) and Venturini et al. (2020) demonstrate that progressive nuclear deformation associated with cellular confinement triggers intracellular events that promote cell contractility and migration, revealing the nucleus to serve as a central mechanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Long
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Skin and other epithelial cell layers are frequently subjected to extensive deformations, yet sustain such mechanical stress without damage. In this issue of Cell, Nava and colleagues show that stretch induces rapid loss of heterochromatin that leads to transient softening of the nucleus, which, together with long-term cytoskeletal and supracellular rearrangements, protects nuclei from DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology & Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology & Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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27
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Earle AJ, Kirby TJ, Fedorchak GR, Isermann P, Patel J, Iruvanti S, Moore SA, Bonne G, Wallrath LL, Lammerding J. Mutant lamins cause nuclear envelope rupture and DNA damage in skeletal muscle cells. Nat Mater 2020; 19:464-473. [PMID: 31844279 PMCID: PMC7102937 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the nuclear envelope (NE) proteins lamins A/C, cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy and other diseases collectively known as laminopathies. The mechanisms responsible for these diseases remain incompletely understood. Using three mouse models of muscle laminopathies and muscle biopsies from individuals with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy, we found that Lmna mutations reduced nuclear stability and caused transient rupture of the NE in skeletal muscle cells, resulting in DNA damage, DNA damage response activation and reduced cell viability. NE and DNA damage resulted from nuclear migration during skeletal muscle maturation and correlated with disease severity in the mouse models. Reduction of cytoskeletal forces on the myonuclei prevented NE damage and rescued myofibre function and viability in Lmna mutant myofibres, indicating that myofibre dysfunction is the result of mechanically induced NE damage. Taken together, these findings implicate mechanically induced DNA damage as a pathogenic contributor to LMNA skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Earle
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tyler J Kirby
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R Fedorchak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Isermann
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jineet Patel
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sushruta Iruvanti
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Center of Research in Myology, Association Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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28
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Liu A, Yu T, Young K, Stone N, Hanasoge S, Kirby TJ, Varadarajan V, Colonna N, Liu J, Raj A, Lammerding J, Alexeev A, Sulchek T. Cell Mechanical and Physiological Behavior in the Regime of Rapid Mechanical Compressions that Lead to Cell Volume Change. Small 2020; 16:e1903857. [PMID: 31782912 PMCID: PMC7012384 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to mechanical forces by deforming in accordance with viscoelastic solid behavior. Studies of microscale cell deformation observed by high speed video microscopy have elucidated a new cell behavior in which sufficiently rapid mechanical compression of cells can lead to transient cell volume loss and then recovery. This work has discovered that the resulting volume exchange between the cell interior and the surrounding fluid can be utilized for efficient, convective delivery of large macromolecules (2000 kDa) to the cell interior. However, many fundamental questions remain about this cell behavior, including the range of deformation time scales that result in cell volume loss and the physiological effects experienced by the cell. In this study, a relationship is established between cell viscoelastic properties and the inertial forces imposed on the cell that serves as a predictor of cell volume loss across human cell types. It is determined that cells maintain nuclear envelope integrity and demonstrate low protein loss after the volume exchange process. These results define a highly controlled cell volume exchange mechanism for intracellular delivery of large macromolecules that maintains cell viability and function for invaluable downstream research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Tong Yu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Katherine Young
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Nicholas Stone
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | - Srinivas Hanasoge
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | - Tyler J. Kirby
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Vikram Varadarajan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Nicholas Colonna
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Janet Liu
- Aragon High School, 900 Alameda de las Pulgas, San Mateo, CA, 94402, USA
| | - Abhishek Raj
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alexander Alexeev
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
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29
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Davidson PM, Fedorchak GR, Mondésert-Deveraux S, Bell ES, Isermann P, Aubry D, Allena R, Lammerding J. High-throughput microfluidic micropipette aspiration device to probe time-scale dependent nuclear mechanics in intact cells. Lab Chip 2019; 19:3652-3663. [PMID: 31559980 PMCID: PMC6810812 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the cell nucleus are increasingly recognized as critical in many biological processes. The deformability of the nucleus determines the ability of immune and cancer cells to migrate through tissues and across endothelial cell layers, and changes to the mechanical properties of the nucleus can serve as novel biomarkers in processes such as cancer progression and stem cell differentiation. However, current techniques to measure the viscoelastic nuclear mechanical properties are often time consuming, limited to probing one cell at a time, or require expensive, highly specialized equipment. Furthermore, many current assays do not measure time-dependent properties, which are characteristic of viscoelastic materials. Here, we present an easy-to-use microfluidic device that applies the well-established approach of micropipette aspiration, adapted to measure many cells in parallel. The device design allows rapid loading and purging of cells for measurements, and minimizes clogging by large particles or clusters of cells. Combined with a semi-automated image analysis pipeline, the microfluidic device approach enables significantly increased experimental throughput. We validated the experimental platform by comparing computational models of the fluid mechanics in the device with experimental measurements of fluid flow. In addition, we conducted experiments on cells lacking the nuclear envelope protein lamin A/C and wild-type controls, which have well-characterized nuclear mechanical properties. Fitting time-dependent nuclear deformation data to power law and different viscoelastic models revealed that loss of lamin A/C significantly altered the elastic and viscous properties of the nucleus, resulting in substantially increased nuclear deformability. Lastly, to demonstrate the versatility of the devices, we characterized the viscoelastic nuclear mechanical properties in a variety of cell lines and experimental model systems, including human skin fibroblasts from an individual with a mutation in the lamin gene associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, healthy control fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and human tumor cells. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate the ability of the microfluidic device and automated image analysis platform to provide robust, high throughput measurements of nuclear mechanical properties, including time-dependent elastic and viscous behavior, in a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Davidson
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, USA. and Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Université Paris Science et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Gregory R Fedorchak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, USA.
| | | | - Emily S Bell
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, USA.
| | - Philipp Isermann
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, USA.
| | - Denis Aubry
- Laboratoire MSSMat UMR CNRS 8579, CentraleSupelec, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Rachele Allena
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LBM/Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, France
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, USA.
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30
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Mistriotis P, Wisniewski EO, Bera K, Keys J, Li Y, Tuntithavornwat S, Law RA, Perez-Gonzalez NA, Erdogmus E, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Sun SX, Kalab P, Lammerding J, Konstantopoulos K. Confinement hinders motility by inducing RhoA-mediated nuclear influx, volume expansion, and blebbing. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:4093-4111. [PMID: 31690619 PMCID: PMC6891075 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrate in vivo through complex confining microenvironments, which induce significant nuclear deformation that may lead to nuclear blebbing and nuclear envelope rupture. While actomyosin contractility has been implicated in regulating nuclear envelope integrity, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we argue that confinement-induced activation of RhoA/myosin-II contractility, coupled with LINC complex-dependent nuclear anchoring at the cell posterior, locally increases cytoplasmic pressure and promotes passive influx of cytoplasmic constituents into the nucleus without altering nuclear efflux. Elevated nuclear influx is accompanied by nuclear volume expansion, blebbing, and rupture, ultimately resulting in reduced cell motility. Moreover, inhibition of nuclear efflux is sufficient to increase nuclear volume and blebbing on two-dimensional surfaces, and acts synergistically with RhoA/myosin-II contractility to further augment blebbing in confinement. Cumulatively, confinement regulates nuclear size, nuclear integrity, and cell motility by perturbing nuclear flux homeostasis via a RhoA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily O Wisniewski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeremy Keys
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Yizeng Li
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA
| | - Soontorn Tuntithavornwat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert A Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicolas A Perez-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eda Erdogmus
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sean X Sun
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD .,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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31
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Krause M, Wei Yang F, Te Lindert M, Isermann P, Schepens J, Maas RJA, Venkataraman C, Lammerding J, Madzvamuse A, Hendriks W, Te Riet J, Wolf K. Correction to 'Cell migration through three-dimensional confining pores: speed accelerations by deformation and recoil of the nucleus'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190657. [PMID: 31587635 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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32
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He F, Springer NL, Whitman MA, Pathi SP, Lee Y, Mohanan S, Marcott S, Chiou AE, Blank BS, Iyengar N, Morris PG, Jochelson M, Hudis CA, Shah P, Kunitake JAMR, Estroff LA, Lammerding J, Fischbach C. Hydroxyapatite mineral enhances malignant potential in a tissue-engineered model of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Biomaterials 2019; 224:119489. [PMID: 31546097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
While ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is known as a precursor lesion to most invasive breast carcinomas, the mechanisms underlying this transition remain enigmatic. DCIS is typically diagnosed by the mammographic detection of microcalcifications (MC). MCs consisting of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) mineral are frequently associated with malignant disease, yet it is unclear whether HA can actively promote malignancy. To investigate this outstanding question, we compared phenotypic outcomes of breast cancer cells cultured in control or HA-containing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds. Exposure to HA mineral in scaffolds increased the expression of pro-tumorigenic interleukin-8 (IL-8) among transformed but not benign cells. Notably, MCF10DCIS.com cells cultured in HA scaffolds adopted morphological changes associated with increased invasiveness and exhibited increased motility that were dependent on IL-8 signaling. Moreover, MCF10DCIS.com xenografts in HA scaffolds displayed evidence of enhanced malignant progression relative to xenografts in control scaffolds. These experimental findings were supported by a pathological analysis of clinical DCIS specimens, which correlated the presence of MCs with increased IL-8 staining and ductal proliferation. Collectively, our work suggests that HA mineral may stimulate malignancy in preinvasive DCIS cells and validate PLG scaffolds as useful tools to study cell-mineral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank He
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nora L Springer
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Matthew A Whitman
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Siddharth P Pathi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yeonkyung Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stephen Marcott
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Aaron E Chiou
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bryant S Blank
- Cornell Center for Animal Resources and Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Neil Iyengar
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maxine Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pragya Shah
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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33
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Krause M, Yang FW, te Lindert M, Isermann P, Schepens J, Maas RJA, Venkataraman C, Lammerding J, Madzvamuse A, Hendriks W, te Riet J, Wolf K. Cell migration through three-dimensional confining pores: speed accelerations by deformation and recoil of the nucleus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180225. [PMID: 31431171 PMCID: PMC6627020 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration in dense three-dimensional (3D) environments critically depends upon shape adaptation and is impeded depending on the size and rigidity of the nucleus. Accordingly, the nucleus is primarily understood as a physical obstacle; however, its pro-migratory functions by stepwise deformation and reshaping remain unclear. Using atomic force spectroscopy, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and shape change analysis tools, we determined the nuclear size, deformability, morphology and shape change of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells expressing the Fucci cell cycle indicator or being pre-treated with chromatin-decondensating agent TSA. We show oscillating peak accelerations during migration through 3D collagen matrices and microdevices that occur during shape reversion of deformed nuclei (recoil), and increase with confinement. During G1 cell-cycle phase, nucleus stiffness was increased and yielded further increased speed fluctuations together with sustained cell migration rates in confinement when compared to interphase populations or to periods of intrinsic nuclear softening in the S/G2 cell-cycle phase. Likewise, nuclear softening by pharmacological chromatin decondensation or after lamin A/C depletion reduced peak oscillations in confinement. In conclusion, deformation and recoil of the stiff nucleus contributes to saltatory locomotion in dense tissues. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Krause
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Feng Wei Yang
- Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Mariska te Lindert
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Isermann
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Schepens
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph J. A. Maas
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chandrasekhar Venkataraman
- Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anotida Madzvamuse
- Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Wiljan Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost te Riet
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Wolf
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Rupp C, Isomursu A, Aakula A, Erickson A, Li SP, Kaur A, Shah P, Pokharel YR, Trottman L, Lammerding J, Rannikko A, Taimen P, Mirtti T, Paatero I, Ivaska J, Westermarck JK. Abstract 3486: Combined inhibition of tumor suppressors PTEN and PP2A drives anoikis resistance and is associated with therapy relapse in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Reactivation of tumor suppressor phosphatases may provide entirely novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Here, we discover clinically relevant functional co-operation between loss of activities of two human tumor suppressor phosphatases, PTEN, and PP2A. Analysis of prostate cancer tissue microarray material consisting of 358 patients treated primarily with radical prostatectomy revealed that overexpression of PP2A inhibitor protein PME-1 associates with significantly shorter time to therapy relapse in patients with PTEN-deficient PrCa. Further, PP2A inhibition by PME-1 overexpression in PTEN-deficient cell models inhibits apoptosis induction in anchorage-independent conditions (anoikis). PP2A reactivation by small molecules (SMAPs) was also found to inhibit viability of PTEN-deficient PrCa cells. Importantly, rather than regulating the well-known PP2A target pathways, PME-1 was found to physically associate with, and to regulate deformability of the nuclear lamina in PrCa cells. Mass spectrometry phosphoproteomics analysis identified several PME-1-regulated nuclear lamina constituents, and PME-1 deficient cells with compromised nuclear lamina were particularly vulnerable to apoptosis induction by mechanical stress. As a direct molecular target, Lamin A/C phosphorylation was found to be protected by PME-1-mediated PP2A inhibition under anoikis-inducing conditions. PME-1 inhibition in PrCa cells resulted in increased apoptosis in an in ovo tumor model, and PME-1-depleted cells had compromised long-term survival in zebrafish circulation. In summary we discover that PP2A reactivation by PME-1 targeting sensitizes PTEN-deficient PrCa cells to anoikis. Clinically, the results identify PME-1 as a novel candidate biomarker for increased relapse risk in PTEN-deficient PrCa, and indicate pharmacological PP2A activation as a novel potential therapeutic approach against circulating prostate cancer cells. At the general level, the results clearly emphasize the need for better understanding of phosphatases as key modulators of cancer progression.
Citation Format: Christian Rupp, Aleksi Isomursu, Anna Aakula, Andrew Erickson, Song-Ping Li, Amanpreet Kaur, Pragya Shah, Yuba R. Pokharel, Lloyd Trottman, Jan Lammerding, Antti Rannikko, Pekka Taimen, Tuomas Mirtti, Ilkka Paatero, Johanna Ivaska, Jukka K. Westermarck. Combined inhibition of tumor suppressors PTEN and PP2A drives anoikis resistance and is associated with therapy relapse in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3486.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lloyd Trottman
- 5Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
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Zuela-Sopilniak N, Lammerding J. Engineering approaches to studying cancer cell migration in three-dimensional environments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180219. [PMID: 31431175 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases of our time, with 17 million new cancer cases and 9.5 million cancer deaths in 2018 worldwide. The mortality associated with cancer results primarily from metastasis, i.e. the spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumour to other organs. The invasion and migration of cells through basement membranes, tight interstitial spaces and endothelial cell layers are key steps in the metastatic cascade. Recent studies demonstrated that cell migration through three-dimensional environments that mimic the in vivo conditions significantly differs from their migration on two-dimensional surfaces. Here, we review recent technological advances made in the field of cancer research that provide more 'true to the source' experimental platforms and measurements for the study of cancer cell invasion and migration in three-dimensional environments. These include microfabrication, three-dimensional bioprinting and intravital imaging tools, along with force and stiffness measurements of cells and their environments. These techniques will enable new studies that better reflect the physiological environment found in vivo, thereby producing more robust results. The knowledge achieved through these studies will aid in the development of new treatment options with the potential to ultimately lighten the devastating cost cancer inflicts on patients and their families. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Zuela-Sopilniak
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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36
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Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously affected by microenvironmental forces through the process of mechanotransduction, in which mechanical stimuli are rapidly converted to biochemical responses. Mounting evidence suggests that the nucleus itself is a mechanoresponsive element, reacting to cytoskeletal forces and mediating downstream biochemical responses. The nucleus responds through a host of mechanisms, including partial unfolding, conformational changes, and phosphorylation of nuclear envelope proteins; modulation of nuclear import/export; and altered chromatin organization, resulting in transcriptional changes. It is unclear which of these events present direct mechanotransduction processes and which are downstream of other mechanotransduction pathways. We critically review and discuss the current evidence for nuclear mechanotransduction, particularly in the context of stem cell fate, a largely unexplored topic, and in disease, where an improved understanding of nuclear mechanotransduction is beginning to open new treatment avenues. Finally, we discuss innovative technological developments that will allow outstanding questions in the rapidly growing field of nuclear mechanotransduction to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Maurer
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ,
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ,
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Zhang Q, Tamashunas AC, Agrawal A, Torbati M, Katiyar A, Dickinson RB, Lammerding J, Lele TP. Local, transient tensile stress on the nuclear membrane causes membrane rupture. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:899-906. [PMID: 30566037 PMCID: PMC6589786 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-09-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration through narrow constrictions generates compressive stresses on the nucleus that deform it and cause rupture of nuclear membranes. Nuclear membrane rupture allows uncontrolled exchange between nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Local tensile stresses can also cause nuclear deformations, but whether such deformations are accompanied by nuclear membrane rupture is unknown. Here we used a direct force probe to locally deform the nucleus by applying a transient tensile stress to the nuclear membrane. We found that a transient (∼0.2 s) deformation (∼1% projected area strain) in normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A cells) was sufficient to cause rupture of the nuclear membrane. Nuclear membrane rupture scaled with the magnitude of nuclear deformation and the magnitude of applied tensile stress. Comparison of diffusive fluxes of nuclear probes between wild-type and lamin-depleted MCF-10A cells revealed that lamin A/C, but not lamin B2, protects the nuclear membranes against rupture from tensile stress. Our results suggest that transient nuclear deformations typically caused by local tensile stresses are sufficient to cause nuclear membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Andrew C. Tamashunas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Ashutosh Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Mehdi Torbati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Aditya Katiyar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Richard B. Dickinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Bakhoum SF, Ngo B, Bakhoum AL, Cavallo JA, Murphy CJ, Ly P, Shah P, Sriram RK, Watkins TB, Taunk NK, Duran M, Pauli C, Shaw C, Chadalavada K, Rajasekhar VK, Genovese G, Venkatesan S, Birkbak NJ, McGranahan N, Lundquist M, LaPlant Q, Healey JH, Elemento O, Chung CH, Lee NY, Imielinski M, Nanjangud G, Pe'er D, Cleveland DW, Powell SN, Lammerding J, Swanton C, Cantley LC. Abstract NG03: Chromosomal instability promotes metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-ng03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and it results from ongoing errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. While CIN is a major driver of tumor evolution, its role in metastasis has not been established. Here we show that CIN promotes metastasis by sustaining a tumor-cell autonomous response to cytosolic DNA. Errors in chromosome segregation create a preponderance of micronuclei whose rupture spills genomic DNA into the cytosol. This leads to the activation of the cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and downstream noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Genetic suppression of CIN significantly delays metastasis even in highly aneuploid tumor models, whereas inducing continuous chromosome segregation errors promotes cellular invasion and metastasis in a STING-dependent manner. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover a CIN-induced transcriptional switch from a proliferative and metabolically active state to a mesenchymal phenotype associated with inflammatory pathways, offering an opportunity to target chromosome segregation errors for therapeutic benefit. Our work reveals an unexpected link between CIN, cytosolic DNA sensing pathways, and metastasis. The use of an isogenic system has enabled us to dissect the role of CIN from that of aneuploidy. Importantly, while we do not discount the role of CIN in generating karyotypic heterogeneity that can serve as the substrate for natural selection, our work demonstrates that continuous chromosome missegregation is also required to replenish cytosolic DNA pools leading to chronic upregulation of inflammatory pathways. In non-transformed settings, cytosolic DNA sensing is incompatible with viability. Unlike normal cells, chromosomally unstable cells are awash with cytosolic DNA and have adapted to coexist with a chronically active cGAS-STING pathway by suppressing downstream type I interferon signaling and instead upregulating the alternative NF-κB pathway. Persistent STING activation mediates carcinogen-induced tumor formation and we now show that tumor cells co-opt this otherwise lethal program to spread to distant organs. The evolutionary benefit of the noncanonical pathway might justify the scarcity of inactivating mutations in cGAS and STING among human cancers. The emergence, and subsequent tolerance, of CIN represents an important bottleneck during tumor evolution. Our single-cell analysis revealed that CIN induces a transcriptional switch whereby cells shift from a proliferative and highly metabolic state, ideally suited for primary tumor growth, to a chromosomally unstable and mesenchymal state associated with upregulation of inflammatory pathways. These two largely mutually exclusive states likely account for the reversibility in chromosome missegregation rates seen in primary tumors and metastases, and provide an explanation for the negative effect of aneuploidy during early tumorigenesis. Interestingly, this mutual exclusivity was recently observed in a pan-cancer genomic analysis of metastatic tumors, and it leads us to suggest that CIN underlies the subset of metastases that are characterized by EMT and inflammation. By providing a mechanistic link between CIN and metastasis, our work opens new avenues to target chromosomally unstable tumors for therapeutic benefit.
Citation Format: Samuel F. Bakhoum, Bryon Ngo, Ashley L. Bakhoum, Julie-Ann Cavallo, Charles J. Murphy, Peter Ly, Pragya Shah, Roshan K. Sriram, Thomas B.k. Watkins, Neil K. Taunk, Mercedes Duran, Chantal Pauli, Christine Shaw, Kalyani Chadalavada, Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar, Giulio Genovese, Subramanian Venkatesan, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Nicholas McGranahan, Mark Lundquist, Quincy LaPlant, John H. Healey, Olivier Elemento, Christine H. Chung, Nancy Y. Lee, Marcin Imielinski, Gouri Nanjangud, Dana Pe'er, Don W. Cleveland, Simon N. Powell, Jan Lammerding, Charles Swanton, Lewis C. Cantley. Chromosomal instability promotes metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr NG03.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryon Ngo
- 2Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Peter Ly
- 3University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | | | - Neil K. Taunk
- 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Y. Lee
- 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Dana Pe'er
- 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Kirby T, Earle A, Fedorchak G, Isermann P, Lammerding J. Lamin A/C Mutations Linked to Muscular Disease Result in Mechanically‐induced, Progressive Nuclear Envelope Rupture and DNA Damage in Muscle Fibers. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.816.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yadav SK, Feigelson SW, Roncato F, Antman-Passig M, Shefi O, Lammerding J, Alon R. Frontline Science: Elevated nuclear lamin A is permissive for granulocyte transendothelial migration but not for motility through collagen I barriers. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:239-251. [PMID: 29601096 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi1217-488r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transendothelial migration (TEM) of lymphocytes and neutrophils is associated with the ability of their deformable nuclei to displace endothelial cytoskeletal barriers. Lamin A is a key intermediate filament component of the nuclear lamina that is downregulated during granulopoiesis. When elevated, lamin A restricts nuclear squeezing through rigid confinements. To determine if the low lamin A expression by leukocyte nuclei is critical for their exceptional squeezing ability through endothelial barriers, we overexpressed this protein in granulocyte-like differentiated HL-60 cells. A 10-fold higher lamin A expression did not interfere with chemokinetic motility of these granulocytes on immobilized CXCL1. Furthermore, these lamin A high leukocytes exhibited normal chemotaxis toward CXCL1 determined in large pore transwell barriers, but poorly squeezed through 3 μm pores toward identical CXCL1 gradients. Strikingly, however, these leukocytes successfully completed paracellular TEM across inflamed endothelial monolayers under shear flow, albeit with a small delay in nuclear squeezing into their sub-endothelial pseudopodia. In contrast, CXCR2 mediated granulocyte motility through collagen I barriers was dramatically delayed by lamin A overexpression due to a failure of lamin A high nuclei to translocate into the pseudopodia of the granulocytes. Collectively, our data predict that leukocytes maintain a low lamin A content in their nuclear lamina in order to optimize squeezing through extracellular collagen barriers but can tolerate high lamin A content when crossing the highly adaptable barriers presented by the endothelial cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Yadav
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Antman-Passig
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Shefi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Singh A, Brito I, Lammerding J. Beyond Tissue Stiffness and Bioadhesivity: Advanced Biomaterials to Model Tumor Microenvironments and Drug Resistance. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:281-291. [PMID: 29606313 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and pathway-targeted therapies poses a major problem in cancer research. While the fields of tumor biology and experimental therapeutics have already benefited from ex vivo preclinical tissue models, these models have yet to address the reasons for malignant transformations and the emergence of chemoresistance. With the increasing number of ex vivo models poised to incorporate physiological biophysical properties, along with the advent of genomic sequencing information, there are now unprecedented opportunities to better understand tumorigenesis and to design therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance. Here we discuss that new preclinical ex vivo models should consider - in addition to common biophysical parameters such as matrix stiffness and bioadhesivity - a more comprehensive milieu of tissue signaling, nuclear mechanics, immune response, and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ilana Brito
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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43
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Refaat M, Sedki D, Zahr HC, Harakeh DDE, Lammerding J, Nemer G, Jaalouk DE. DEREGULATION OF RBM20 IN LAMIN A/C AND EMERIN RELATED CARDIOMYOPATHIES. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Bakhoum SF, Ngo B, Laughney AM, Cavallo JA, Murphy CJ, Ly P, Shah P, Sriram RK, Watkins TBK, Taunk NK, Duran M, Pauli C, Shaw C, Chadalavada K, Rajasekhar VK, Genovese G, Venkatesan S, Birkbak NJ, McGranahan N, Lundquist M, LaPlant Q, Healey JH, Elemento O, Chung CH, Lee NY, Imielenski M, Nanjangud G, Pe’er D, Cleveland DW, Powell SN, Lammerding J, Swanton C, Cantley LC. Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response. Nature 2018; 553:467-472. [PMID: 29342134 PMCID: PMC5785464 DOI: 10.1038/nature25432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer that results from ongoing errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Although chromosomal instability is a major driver of tumour evolution, its role in metastasis has not been established. Here we show that chromosomal instability promotes metastasis by sustaining a tumour cell-autonomous response to cytosolic DNA. Errors in chromosome segregation create a preponderance of micronuclei whose rupture spills genomic DNA into the cytosol. This leads to the activation of the cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and downstream noncanonical NF-κB signalling. Genetic suppression of chromosomal instability markedly delays metastasis even in highly aneuploid tumour models, whereas continuous chromosome segregation errors promote cellular invasion and metastasis in a STING-dependent manner. By subverting lethal epithelial responses to cytosolic DNA, chromosomally unstable tumour cells co-opt chronic activation of innate immune pathways to spread to distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bryan Ngo
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ashley M. Laughney
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Julie-Ann Cavallo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Charles J. Murphy
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Peter Ly
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Pragya Shah
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Roshan K Sriram
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Neil K. Taunk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Mercedes Duran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Institute for Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Christine Shaw
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kalyani Chadalavada
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Giulio Genovese
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Nicolai J. Birkbak
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Lundquist
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Quincey LaPlant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John H. Healey
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Nancy Y. Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Marcin Imielenski
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Gouri Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Dana Pe’er
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Don W. Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Simon N. Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
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45
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Abstract
Cells migrating in tissues must often pass through physical barriers in their surroundings in the form of fibrous extracellular matrix or other cells. To improve our understanding of how cells move in such confined microenvironments, we have designed a microfluidic device in which cells migrate through a series of three-dimensional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) constrictions with precisely controlled geometries that mimic physiological pore sizes. The migration device offers an experimental platform that combines a well-defined three-dimensional (3D) environment with a setup well suited for imaging confined cell migration at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this protocol, we describe the fabrication and use of these devices using standard soft lithography techniques and light microscopy. Analysis of live-cell time-lapse series of cells with fluorescently labeled nuclear and/or cytoskeletal structures migrating in the devices can reveal new insights into the molecular processes required for confined migration, including the role of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which has been implicated in 3D migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Keys
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aaron Windsor
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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46
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Luan JB, Shan HW, Isermann P, Huang JH, Lammerding J, Liu SS, Douglas AE. Cellular and molecular remodelling of a host cell for vertical transmission of bacterial symbionts. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0580. [PMID: 27358364 PMCID: PMC4936034 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various insects require intracellular bacteria that are restricted to specialized cells (bacteriocytes) and are transmitted vertically via the female ovary, but the transmission mechanisms are obscure. We hypothesized that, in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, where intact bacteriocytes (and not isolated bacteria) are transferred to oocytes, the transmission mechanism would be evident as cellular and molecular differences between the nymph (pre-adult) and adult bacteriocytes. We demonstrate dramatic remodelling of bacteriocytes at the developmental transition from nymph to adulthood. This transition involves the loss of cell-cell adhesion, high division rates to constant cell size and onset of cell mobility, enabling the bacteriocytes to crawl to the ovaries. These changes are accompanied by cytoskeleton reorganization and changes in gene expression: genes functioning in cell-cell adhesion display reduced expression and genes involved in cell division, cell motility and endocytosis/exocytosis have elevated expression in adult bacteriocytes, relative to nymph bacteriocytes. This study demonstrates, for the first time, how developmentally orchestrated remodelling of gene expression and correlated changes in cell behaviour underpin the capacity of bacteriocytes to mediate the vertical transmission and persistence of the symbiotic bacteria on which the insect host depends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Luan
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Shan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Philipp Isermann
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jia-Hsin Huang
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Angela E Douglas
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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47
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McGregor AL, Elacqua JJ, Bell ES, Lammerding J. Abstract 1897: The role of nuclear deformation and rupture in breast cancer cell migration. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Invasion of tumor cells into the surrounding tissue is a critical step in the metastatic cascade, which is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. Recent findings have begun to demonstrate that the biophysical properties of the cell nucleus play a critical role in this process. During invasion, cancer cells must often pass through interstitial spaces much smaller than the cell nucleus. While the cell cytoplasm easily maneuvers through confined spaces, the deformability of the nucleus, which is the largest and stiffest organelle, ultimately determines how efficiently a cell can pass through a tight space. Furthermore, as the nucleus deforms to move through a confined space, it can exhibit transient loss of nuclear envelope (NE) integrity, where the nuclear membranes rupture and nuclear and cytoplasmic components interchange. We previously showed that chromatin is exposed to the cell cytoplasm during NE rupture, and cells can incur DNA damage. While this work revealed that cancer cell migration requires nuclear deformation and can involve NE rupture, it is currently unknown whether such events correlate with metastatic potential. We used a panel of human breast cancer cells lines, including claudin-low, basal-like, and lumen-like cells. Cells were stably labeled with a green fluorescent protein fused to a nuclear localization sequence (NLS-copGFP) to investigate whether some cell lines were particularly well suited to migrate through tight spaces, and if any were particularly prone to NE rupture. The cells were loaded into microfluidic devices that were designed to mimic interstitial in vivo spacing and monitored by time-lapse microscopy. Devices contained constrictions 5 µm tall and 1, 2, or 15 µm wide. We found that claudin-low cell lines such as BT-549 migrated through confined spaces (1+2 µm wide constrictions) significantly faster and more efficiently than basal-like HCC70 cancer cells. In contrast, the various cell lines displayed similar migration rates in the 15 µm wide constrictions, which do not require nuclear deformation. Thus, the differences observed between the cell lines reflect specific defects in migration through confined spaces, and not general migration defects. We are currently expanding our studies to a larger panel of cancer cell lines and to mouse breast cancer models. If confirmed, these results could indicate that highly invasive cancer cells may benefit from more deformable nuclei that facilitate movement through tight spaces encountered in the tissue microenvironment.
Citation Format: Alexandra L. McGregor, Joshua J. Elacqua, Emily S. Bell, Jan Lammerding. The role of nuclear deformation and rupture in breast cancer cell migration [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1897. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1897
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Cao X, Moeendarbary E, Isermann P, Davidson PM, Wang X, Chen MB, Burkart AK, Lammerding J, Kamm RD, Shenoy VB. A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration. Biophys J 2017; 111:1541-1552. [PMID: 27705776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now evident that the cell nucleus undergoes dramatic shape changes during important cellular processes such as cell transmigration through extracellular matrix and endothelium. Recent experimental data suggest that during cell transmigration the deformability of the nucleus could be a limiting factor, and the morphological and structural alterations that the nucleus encounters can perturb genomic organization that in turn influences cellular behavior. Despite its importance, a biophysical model that connects the experimentally observed nuclear morphological changes to the underlying biophysical factors during transmigration through small constrictions is still lacking. Here, we developed a universal chemomechanical model that describes nuclear strains and shapes and predicts thresholds for the rupture of the nuclear envelope and for nuclear plastic deformation during transmigration through small constrictions. The model includes actin contraction and cytosolic back pressure that squeeze the nucleus through constrictions and overcome the mechanical resistance from deformation of the nucleus and the constrictions. The nucleus is treated as an elastic shell encompassing a poroelastic material representing the nuclear envelope and inner nucleoplasm, respectively. Tuning the chemomechanical parameters of different components such as cell contractility and nuclear and matrix stiffnesses, our model predicts the lower bounds of constriction size for successful transmigration. Furthermore, treating the chromatin as a plastic material, our model faithfully reproduced the experimentally observed irreversible nuclear deformations after transmigration in lamin-A/C-deficient cells, whereas the wild-type cells show much less plastic deformation. Along with making testable predictions, which are in accord with our experiments and existing literature, our work provides a realistic framework to assess the biophysical modulators of nuclear deformation during cell transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Isermann
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle B Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anya K Burkart
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Nancy C. and Peter E. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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49
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Mekhdjian AH, Kai F, Rubashkin MG, Prahl LS, Przybyla LM, McGregor AL, Bell ES, Barnes JM, DuFort CC, Ou G, Chang AC, Cassereau L, Tan SJ, Pickup MW, Lakins JN, Ye X, Davidson MW, Lammerding J, Odde DJ, Dunn AR, Weaver VM. Integrin-mediated traction force enhances paxillin molecular associations and adhesion dynamics that increase the invasiveness of tumor cells into a three-dimensional extracellular matrix. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1467-1488. [PMID: 28381423 PMCID: PMC5449147 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumor cells adopt a basal-like phenotype when invading through a dense, stiffened, 3D matrix. These cells exert higher integrin-mediated traction forces, consistent with a physical motor-clutch model, display an altered molecular organization at the nanoscale, and recruit a suite of paxillin-associated proteins implicated in metastasis. Metastasis requires tumor cells to navigate through a stiff stroma and squeeze through confined microenvironments. Whether tumors exploit unique biophysical properties to metastasize remains unclear. Data show that invading mammary tumor cells, when cultured in a stiffened three-dimensional extracellular matrix that recapitulates the primary tumor stroma, adopt a basal-like phenotype. Metastatic tumor cells and basal-like tumor cells exert higher integrin-mediated traction forces at the bulk and molecular levels, consistent with a motor-clutch model in which motors and clutches are both increased. Basal-like nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells also display an altered integrin adhesion molecular organization at the nanoscale and recruit a suite of paxillin-associated proteins implicated in invasion and metastasis. Phosphorylation of paxillin by Src family kinases, which regulates adhesion turnover, is similarly enhanced in the metastatic and basal-like tumor cells, fostered by a stiff matrix, and critical for tumor cell invasion in our assays. Bioinformatics reveals an unappreciated relationship between Src kinases, paxillin, and survival of breast cancer patients. Thus adoption of the basal-like adhesion phenotype may favor the recruitment of molecules that facilitate tumor metastasis to integrin-based adhesions. Analysis of the physical properties of tumor cells and integrin adhesion composition in biopsies may be predictive of patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen H Mekhdjian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - FuiBoon Kai
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew G Rubashkin
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Louis S Prahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Laralynne M Przybyla
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alexandra L McGregor
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Emily S Bell
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J Matthew Barnes
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christopher C DuFort
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Guanqing Ou
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alice C Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Luke Cassereau
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Steven J Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael W Pickup
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jonathan N Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Xin Ye
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 .,Departments of Anatomy, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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50
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Abstract
Cell migration through tight spaces can induce substantial deformations of the nucleus and cause nuclear envelope (NE) rupture, resulting in uncontrolled exchange of nuclear and cytosolic proteins. These events can cause DNA damage and, in severe cases, nuclear fragmentation, challenging the integrity of the genomic material. Cells overcome NE ruptures during interphase by repairing the NE using components of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Paralleling the molecular mechanism used during NE reformation in late mitosis, ESCRT-III subunits and the associated AAA-ATPase VPS4B are recruited to NE rupture sites and help restore NE integrity. While these findings are common to many cell types, they are particularly relevant in the context of cancer metastasis, where nuclear deformation and rupture could drive genomic instability in invading cells and further promote cancer progression. At the same time, inhibiting NE repair may offer new therapeutic approaches to specifically target invasive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Isermann
- a Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- a Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
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