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Browning BD, Kirkland AE, Green R, Liu H, Glover JS, Ticer TD, Engevik MA, Alekseyenko AV, Ferguson PL, Tomko RL, Squeglia LM. Adolescent alcohol use is associated with differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38631877 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a sensitive stage of oral microbial development that often coincides with the initiation and escalation of alcohol use. Thus, adolescents may be particularly susceptible to alcohol-induced alterations in the oral microbiome, though minimal research has been done in this area. Understanding the connection between the oral microbiome and alcohol use during adolescence is important to understand fully the biological consequences of alcohol use to mitigate potential adverse outcomes. METHODS Saliva samples were collected from adolescents aged 17-19 who used alcohol heavily (n = 21, 52.4% female) and those who did not use alcohol or any other substances (n = 18, 44.4% female). We utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to examine differences in microbial diversity and composition between the groups. RESULTS For alpha diversity, evenness was significantly lower in the drinking group than the control group as indicated by Pielou's evenness, Shannon, and Simpson indices. There were no statistically significant findings for beta diversity. Differential abundance analyses revealed higher abundances of Rothia and Corynebacterium in the alcohol-using group using both centered-log-ratio and relative abundance normalization. These genera are known for their high capacity to convert alcohol into acetaldehyde, a toxic metabolite reported to play a role in the neurobiological effects of alcohol. An unclassified Clostridia UCG-014, Streptobacillus, Comamonas, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and Parvimonas were also identified as significantly different between groups when using only one of the normalization techniques. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study designed specifically to compare the oral microbiome of adolescents who use alcohol with that of control participants. Our findings reveal distinct alcohol-related differences in microbial composition and taxon abundance, emphasizing the importance of understanding the impact on the oral microbiome of alcohol use during adolescence. Because the oral microbiome is malleable, this study provides foundational work for future prevention and intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney D Browning
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rejoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Janiece S Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Taylor D Ticer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mindy A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pamela L Ferguson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Littlejohn PT, Glover JS. Ethical gut microbiota research in Africa. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1376-1377. [PMID: 37460625 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula T Littlejohn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia School of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia School of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Janiece S Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Glover JS, Browning BD, Ticer TD, Engevik AC, Engevik MA. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is Well Adapted to Withstand Intestinal Stressors and Modulate the Gut Epithelium. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880024. [PMID: 35685287 PMCID: PMC9170955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gastrointestinal tract has been speculated to serve as a reservoir for Acinetobacter, however little is known about the ecological fitness of Acinetobacter strains in the gut. Likewise, not much is known about the ability of Acinetobacter to consume dietary, or host derived nutrients or their capacity to modulate host gene expression. Given the increasing prevalence of Acinetobacter in the clinical setting, we sought to characterize how A. calcoaceticus responds to gut-related stressors and identify potential microbe-host interactions. Materials and Methods: To accomplish these aims, we grew clinical isolates and commercially available strains of A. calcoaceticus in minimal media with different levels of pH, osmolarity, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide. Utilization of nutrients was examined using Biolog phenotypic microarrays. To examine the interactions of A. calcoaceticus with the host, inverted murine organoids where the apical membrane is exposed to bacteria, were incubated with live A. calcoaceticus, and gene expression was examined by qPCR. Results: All strains grew modestly at pH 6, 5 and 4; indicating that these strains could tolerate passage through the gastrointestinal tract. All strains had robust growth in 0.1 and 0.5 M NaCl concentrations which mirror the small intestine, but differences were observed between strains in response to 1 M NaCl. Additionally, all strains tolerated up to 5% ethanol and 0.1% hydrogen peroxide. Biolog phenotypic microarrays revealed that A. calcoaceticus strains could use a range of nutrient sources, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polymers, glycosides, acids, and amino acids. Interestingly, the commercially available A. calcoaceticus strains and one clinical isolate stimulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnf, Kc, and Mcp-1 while all strains suppressed Muc13 and Muc2. Conclusion: Collectively, these data demonstrate that A. calcoaceticus is well adapted to dealing with environmental stressors of the gastrointestinal system. This data also points to the potential for Acinetobacter to influence the gut epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiece S. Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brittney D. Browning
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Taylor D. Ticer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amy C. Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Abstract
Mucin-degrading microbes are known to harbor glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) which cleave specific glycan linkages. Although several microbial species have been identified as mucin degraders, there are likely many other members of the healthy gut community with the capacity to degrade mucins. The aim of the present study was to systematically examine the CAZyme mucin-degrading profiles of the human gut microbiota. Within the Verrucomicrobia phylum, all Akkermansia glycaniphila and muciniphila genomes harbored multiple gene copies of mucin-degrading GHs. The only representative of the Lentisphaerae phylum, Victivallales, harbored a GH profile that closely mirrored Akkermansia. In the Actinobacteria phylum, we found several Actinomadura, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Streptacidiphilus and Streptomyces species with mucin-degrading GHs. Within the Bacteroidetes phylum, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Fermenitomonas Parabacteroides, Prevotella and Phocaeicola species had mucin degrading GHs. Firmicutes contained Abiotrophia, Blautia, Enterococcus, Paenibacillus, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Viridibacillus species with mucin-degrading GHs. Interestingly, far fewer mucin-degrading GHs were observed in the Proteobacteria phylum and were found in Klebsiella, Mixta, Serratia and Enterobacter species. We confirmed the mucin-degrading capability of 23 representative gut microbes using a chemically defined media lacking glucose supplemented with porcine intestinal mucus. These data greatly expand our knowledge of microbial-mediated mucin degradation within the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiece S Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taylor D Ticer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Glover JS, Ticer T, Engevik M. Identifying Mucus‐Degrading Microbes Within the Human Gut Microbiota. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janiece S. Glover
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
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Glover JS, Browning B, Ticer T, Engevik A, Engevik M. Characterizing the Capacity of
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
to Grow in Intestinal Conditions and Modulate the Gut Epithelium. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janiece S. Glover
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Brittney Browning
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Amy Engevik
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
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Glover JS, Ticer T, Engevik M. Elucidating the Antibiotic Resistance of
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Strains. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janiece S. Glover
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of SCCharlestonSC
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Glover JS. Some quantitative aspects of in vitro thyroid diagnostic tests. Kaku Igaku 1973; 10:423-31. [PMID: 4203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Glover JS. Interstitial pregnancy. N C Med J 1973; 34:365-8. [PMID: 4513473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
1. The influence of carrier iodide, iodine monochloride and pH on the labelling of ox insulin with (131)I by the iodine monochloride method have been studied. 2. The quantitative effect of the iodide in the radioactive iodine preparation was that predicted from a calculation of its specific activity. No other interfering factors were detected in the [(131)I]iodide solutions used. 3. Increasing the molar ratio of iodine monochloride to insulin resulted in an increase followed progressively by a decrease in the proportion of (131)I bound, while the total iodine bound increased to an amount characteristic of pH and thereafter remained constant. 4. The influence of pH on the iodination of insulin with iodine monochloride was complex and the pH curve showed two maxima, at pH2.8 and 6.4. At pH2.8 it was not possible to exceed 8 atoms of iodine bound per molecule by increasing the molar ratio of iodine monochloride. Similarly, at pH6.4 the substitution value of 11.5 atoms of iodine per molecule could not be exceeded. 5. Iodinated insulins containing an average of 1.96, 2.74, 6.0 and 7.0 atoms of iodine per molecule fully retained the ability to bind guinea-pig anti-(ox insulin) serum, and the ability to compete with unlabelled insulin for antibody sites only became significantly changed in the most highly substituted preparations and in the presence of large concentrations of unlabelled insulin. 6. The method for the iodination of insulin with 98% incorporation of (131)I by using chloramine-t is described. 7. (131)I-iodinated insulin prepared with graded quantities of chloramine-t in excess of that required for efficient labelling was less efficiently bound by guinea-pig anti-(ox insulin) serum than insulin labelled by the iodine monochloride method.
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Glover JS. Two Unusual Cases in Poultry. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1953; 17:430. [PMID: 17648673 PMCID: PMC1791615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Ulcerate Enteritis in Pigeons. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1951; 15:295-7. [PMID: 17648537 PMCID: PMC1791344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Caponizing: A Discussion of the Methods Used. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1950; 14:22-4. [PMID: 17648454 PMCID: PMC1791080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Poultry Disease Problems in Ontario. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1949; 13:44-9. [PMID: 17648386 PMCID: PMC1661483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Enterohepatitis in Turkeys, I: Interim Report on Result of Treatments Used. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1948; 12:36-42. [PMID: 17648315 PMCID: PMC1661336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Poultry Diseases. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1948; 12:16-7. [PMID: 17648308 PMCID: PMC1661331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS, Henderson W. Fowl Typhoid: Report of a Recent Outbreak in Ontario. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1946; 10:241-9. [PMID: 17648207 PMCID: PMC1661149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. S. Pullorum Infection and Omphalitis. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1944; 8:123-4. [PMID: 17648036 PMCID: PMC1660833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Mitchell A, Glover JS. Report of Committee on Infectious Abortion. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1941; 5:48-9. [PMID: 17647730 PMCID: PMC1583933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Veterinary Profession and Poultry Diseases. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1940; 4:260-8. [PMID: 17647686 PMCID: PMC1583866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Milk Hygiene and Its Application. Can J Comp Med (Gard) 1938; 2:170-4. [PMID: 17647413 PMCID: PMC1701958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Glover JS. Mastitis Treatment. Can J Comp Med (Gard) 1938; 2:174. [PMID: 17647414 PMCID: PMC1701964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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