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Radovic M, Gavic L, Jerkovic D, Zeljezic D, Puizina J, Srzentic I, Puizina Mladinic E, Tadin A. Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic Effects of Dental Implants in Gingival Epithelial Cells. Acta Stomatol Croat 2022; 56:222-234. [PMID: 36382208 PMCID: PMC9635501 DOI: 10.15644/asc56/3/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although titanium-based implants are considered bioinert, it has been found that they are subject to corrosion and wear. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of two implant systems in gingival epithelial cells. Material and methods Gingival swabs were taken three times from 91 subjects. The first swab was taken before dental implant placement, the second swab 90 days after dental implant placement and the third swab 21 days following the healing abutment placement. DNA damage was analyzed using the micronucleus test. Tested dental implants with corresponding healing abutments were Ankylos and Dentium SuperLine. Results Of all scored forms of cytogenetic damage in gingival cells of individuals after implementation of tested dental implant systems, only an increase in the number of binucleated cells (P ≤ 0.001) was significant in contrast to control values for both tested implant systems, 90 days after dental implant placement and 21 days following the healing abutment placement. Conclusion It may be concluded that there are no titanium-based implant dependent cytogenetic damage in gingival epithelial cells. A slight increase in cytogenetic damage has been observed but it is of no biological relevance and might be associated with healing abutment induced effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Daniel Jerkovic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Davor Zeljezic
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ema Puizina Mladinic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Puizina Mladinic E, Puizina J, Gavic L, Tadin A. Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Buccal Mucosal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092206. [PMID: 36140304 PMCID: PMC9496030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluorides are an essential component of oral hygiene products used to prevent dental decay. Therefore, a question arises about the potential harms of joint use of fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwashes regarding the increased amount of fluoride in the oral mucosa. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay). Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to the two groups. All participants used the same kinds of toothpaste for 12 weeks, designed explicitly for this study (non-fluoride, 1050 ppm F, and 1450 ppm F each for 4 weeks). Simultaneously, during the 3 months of the research, one group used mouthwash with fluoride (450 ppm) and another without fluoride. The buccal mucosal sampling was taken before using the tested products and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of their use. Results: The frequency of micronuclei and the majority of other scored endpoints from the BMCyt assay showed no statistically significant differences within and between the studied groups. Comparing two groups, only statistically significant increases in the number of cells with nuclear buds (p = 0.048) and karyorrhexis (p = 0.020) at four weeks of usage were observed in the group that used mouthwash with fluoride. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride mouthwash does not lead to cytogenetic damage in buccal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Puizina Mladinic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +385-21557624
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Pleić IL, Bušelić I, Messina M, Hrabar J, Žuvić L, Talijančić I, Žužul I, Pavelin T, Anđelić I, Pleadin J, Puizina J, Grubišić L, Tibaldi E, Šegvić-Bubić T. A plant-based diet supplemented with Hermetia illucens alone or in combination with poultry by-product meal: one step closer to sustainable aquafeeds for European seabass. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:77. [PMID: 35811320 PMCID: PMC9272557 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing demand for high-value fish species and pressure on forage fish is challenging aquaculture to ensure sustainable growth by replacing protein sources in aquafeeds with plant and terrestrial animal proteins, without compromising the economic value and quality of the final fish product. In the present study, the effects of a plant protein-based diet (CV), two plant-based diets in which graded amounts of plan protein mixtures were replaced with Hermetia illucens meal alone (VH10) or in combination with poultry by-product meal (PBM) (VH10P30), a fishmeal (FM) diet (CF) and an FM diet supplemented with H. illucens (FH10) on growth performance, gut health and homeostasis of farmed subadult European seabass were tested and compared. Results Fish fed the VH10 and VH10P30 diets showed the highest specific growth rates and lowest feed conversion ratios among the tested groups. Expectedly, the best preservation of PI morphology was observed in fish fed the CF or FH10 diets, while fish fed the CV diet exhibited significant degenerative changes in the proximal and distal intestines. However, PBM supplementation mitigated these effects and significantly improved all gut morphometric parameters in the VH10P30 group. Partial substitution of the plant mixture with insect meal alone or PBM also induced most BBM genes and activated BBM enzymes, suggesting a beneficial effect on intestinal digestive/absorption functions. Regarding intestinal microbiota, fish fed diets containing H. illucens meal (FH10, VH10, VH10P30) had the highest richness of bacterial communities and abundance of beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus. On the other hand, fish fed CV had the highest microbial diversity but lost a significant component of fish intestinal microbiota, the phylum Bacteroidetes. Finally, skin pigmentation most similar to that of farmed or even wild seabass was also observed in the fish groups fed CF, FH10 or VH10P30. Conclusion Plant-based diets supplemented with PBM and H. illucens pupae meal have great potential as alternative diets for European seabass, without affecting growth performance, gut homeostasis, or overall fitness. This also highlights the importance of animal proteins in diets of European seabass, as the addition of a small amount of these alternative animal protein sources significantly improved all measured parameters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00725-z.
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Rončević T, Puizina J, Tossi A. Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-Infective Agents in Pre-Post-Antibiotic Era? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5713. [PMID: 31739573 PMCID: PMC6887943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics is one of the main current threats to human health and every year multi-drug resistant bacteria are infecting millions of people worldwide, with many dying as a result. Ever since their discovery, some 40 years ago, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate defense have been hailed as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics due to their relatively low potential to elicit resistance. Despite continued effort by both academia and start-ups, currently there are still no antibiotics based on AMPs in use. In this study, we discuss what we know and what we do not know about these agents, and what we need to know to successfully translate discovery to application. Understanding the complex mechanics of action of these peptides is the main prerequisite for identifying and/or designing or redesigning novel molecules with potent biological activity. However, other aspects also need to be well elucidated, i.e., the (bio)synthetic processes, physiological and pathological contexts of their activity, and a quantitative understanding of how physico-chemical properties affect activity. Research groups worldwide are using biological, biophysical, and algorithmic techniques to develop models aimed at designing molecules with the necessary blend of antimicrobial potency and low toxicity. Shedding light on some open questions may contribute toward improving this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Rončević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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Maravić A, Šamanić I, Šprung M, Fredotović Ž, Ilić N, Dragičević J, Puizina J. Broad-spectrum resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from shellfish: infrequent acquisition of novel resistance mechanisms. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:81. [PMID: 29335824 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one the most common multidrug-resistant pathogens worldwide. It has been previously detected in marine shellfish, but its antibiotic resistance in such environment has not been explored. By combining PCR detection of acquired genes, and resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux studying, we investigated the multifactorial resistance traits of 108 P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from wild-growing Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in Croatia. Eleven different resistance profiles were found, with the main mechanism being the overexpression of intrinsic efflux pump(s), particularly MexAB-OprM. Several acquired resistance determinants were detected, including the β-lactamase gene blaTEM-116, sulfamethoxazole resistance gene sul1, and the class 1 integron gene cassette carrying the streptomycin resistance gene aadA7. This study evidenced the multiple resistance in P. aeruginosa in shellfish from human-impacted marine environment, pointing to the underestimated role of the marine habitat for maintenance of multiresistant P. aeruginosa and, consequently, the potential risk for human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ivica Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Matilda Šprung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Željana Fredotović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Nada Ilić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Josipa Dragičević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
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Skaljac M, Kanakala S, Zanic K, Puizina J, Pleic IL, Ghanim M. Diversity and Phylogenetic Analyses of Bacterial Symbionts in Three Whitefly Species from Southeast Europe. Insects 2017; 8:insects8040113. [PMID: 29053633 PMCID: PMC5746796 DOI: 10.3390/insects8040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) are whitefly species that harm agricultural crops in many regions of the world. These insects live in close association with bacterial symbionts that affect host fitness and adaptation to the environment. In the current study, we surveyed the infection of whitefly populations in Southeast Europe by various bacterial symbionts and performed phylogenetic analyses on the different symbionts detected. Arsenophonus and Hamiltonella were the most prevalent symbionts in all three whitefly species. Rickettsia was found to infect mainly B. tabaci, while Wolbachia mainly infected both B. tabaci and S. phillyreae. Furthermore, Cardinium was rarely found in the investigated whitefly populations, while Fritschea was never found in any of the whitefly species tested. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a diversity of several symbionts (e.g., Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, Rickettsia), which appeared in several clades. Reproductively isolated B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum shared the same (or highly similar) Hamiltonella and Arsenophonus, while these symbionts were distinctive in S. phillyreae. Interestingly, Arsenophonus from S. phillyreae did not cluster with any of the reported sequences, which could indicate the presence of Arsenophonus, not previously associated with whiteflies. In this study, symbionts (Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Cardinium) known to infect a wide range of insects each clustered in the same clades independently of the whitefly species. These results indicate horizontal transmission of bacterial symbionts between reproductively isolated whitefly species, a mechanism that can establish new infections that did not previously exist in whiteflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Skaljac
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova 11, Split 21000, Croatia.
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Protection, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Bioresources Project Group, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Surapathrudu Kanakala
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Protection, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Katja Zanic
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova 11, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 33, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Lepen Pleic
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 62, Split 21000, Croatia.
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Protection, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Fredotović Ž, Šprung M, Soldo B, Ljubenkov I, Budić-Leto I, Bilušić T, Čikeš-Čulić V, Puizina J. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Allium cepa L. and Allium × cornutum (Clementi ex Visiani 1842) Methanolic Extracts. Molecules 2017; 22:E448. [PMID: 28287477 PMCID: PMC6155300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a comparative study of the phytochemical profile and the biological activity of two onion extracts, namely Allium cepa L. and Allium × cornutum (Clementi ex Visiani 1842), members of the family Amaryllidaceae. The identification of flavonoids and anthocyanins, and their individual quantities, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The potency of both extracts to scavenge free radicals was determined by the DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods. The DNA protective role was further tested by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (COMET) assay and by Fenton's reagent causing double-strand breaks on the closed circular high copy pUC19 plasmid isolated from Escherichia coli. In the presence of both extracts, a significant decrease in DNA damage was observed, which indicates a protective role of Allium cepa and Allium × cornutum on DNA strand breaks. Additionally, cytotoxicity was tested on glioblastoma and breast cancer cell lines. The results showed that both extracts had antiproliferative effects, but the most prominent decrease in cellular growth was observed in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željana Fredotović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Matilda Šprung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Barbara Soldo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Ivica Ljubenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Irena Budić-Leto
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Tea Bilušić
- Department for Food technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Vedrana Čikeš-Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Šamanić I, Cvitanić R, Simunić J, Puizina J. Arabidopsis thalianaMRE11 is essential for activation of cell cycle arrest, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair upon the induction of double-stranded DNA breaks. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:681-694. [PMID: 27007017 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the fundamental role of MRE11 in many aspects of DNA metabolism and signalling in eukaryotes, we analysed the impact of several MRE11 mutations on DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three different atmre11 and an atatm-2 mutant lines, together with the wild type (WT), were compared using a new Arabidopsis genotoxic assay for in situ evaluation of genome integrity and DNA damage repair efficiency after double strand break (DSB) induction. The results showed that, despite the phenotypic differences and different lengths of the putative truncated AtMRE11 proteins, all three atmre11 and the atatm-2 mutant lines exhibited common hypersensitivity to bleomycin treatment, where they only slightly reduced mitotic activity, indicating a G2/M checkpoint abrogation. In contrast to the WT, which reduced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations throughout the recovery period after treatment, none of the three atmre11 and atatm-2 mutants recovered. Moreover, atmre11-3 mutants, similarly to atatm-2 mutants, failed to transcriptionally induce several DDR genes and had altered expression of the CYCB1;1::GUS protein. Nevertheless, numerous chromosomal fusions in the atmre11 mutants, observed after DNA damage induction, suggest intensive DNA repair activity. These results indicate that functional and full-length AtMRE11 is essential for activation of the cell cycle arrest, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair upon induction of DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - R Cvitanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - J Simunić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Maravić A, Skočibušić M, Fredotović Ž, Šamanić I, Cvjetan S, Knezović M, Puizina J. Urban riverine environment is a source of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing clinically important Acinetobacter spp. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:3525-3535. [PMID: 26490931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some Acinetobacter species have emerged as very important opportunistic pathogens in humans. We investigated Acinetobacter spp. from the polluted urban riverine environment in Croatia in regard to species affiliation, antibiotic resistance pattern, and resistance mechanisms. Considerable number of isolates produced acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase(s) (ESBLs), CTX-M-15 solely or with TEM-116. By Southern blot hybridization, bla TEM-116 was identified on plasmids ca. 10, 3, and 1.2 kb in Acinetobacter junii, A. gandensis, and A. johnsonii. The bla TEM-116-carrying plasmid in A. gandensis was successfully transferred by conjugation to azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53. A. radioresistens isolate also carried an intrinsic carbapenemase gene bla OXA-133 with ISAba1 insertion sequence present upstream to promote its expression. Majority of ESBL-producing isolates harbored integrases intI1 and/or intI2 and the sulfamethoxazole resistance gene sul1. Almost all isolates had overexpressed resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux system, indicating that this mechanism may have contributed to multidrug resistance phenotypes. This is the first report of environmental CTX-M-15-producing Acinetobacter spp. and the first identification of CTX-M-15 in A. johnsonii, A. junii, A. calcoaceticus, A. gandensis, A. haemolyticus, and A. radioresistens worldwide. We identified, also for the first time, the environmental Acinetobacter-producing TEM ESBLs, highlighting the potential risk for human health, and the role of these bacteria in maintenance and dissemination of clinically important antibiotic resistance genes in community through riverine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Mirjana Skočibušić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Željana Fredotović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Cvjetan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Mia Knezović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000, Split, Croatia
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Maravić A, Skočibušić M, Cvjetan S, Šamanić I, Fredotović Ž, Puizina J. Prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from marine beach waters. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 90:60-67. [PMID: 25480155 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A total of 1,351 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from 144 seawater samples were collected over a four-year period from three public beaches in the eastern Adriatic Sea in Croatia. Approximately 35% of the strains were multidrug-resistant. BlaESBL genes were detected in 4.2% of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae, the main species of which were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. BlaTEM-1+SHV-12 was the most dominant genotype, followed by blaCTX-M-15.Raoultella terrigena and E. intermedius simultaneously harboured blaTEM-1,blaSHV-11/12 and blaCTX-M-15. Isolate fingerprinting revealed that marine E. coli isolates were clonally related to CTX-M-producing strains from a regional university hospital. These results indicate that marine beach waters are reservoirs of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and thus constitute a public health problem with further potential to act as mediators in gene flow between marine coastal areas and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Skočibušić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Svjetlana Cvjetan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Željana Fredotović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Prijović M, Skaljac M, Drobnjaković T, Zanić K, Perić P, Marčić D, Puizina J. Genetic variation of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), among populations from Serbia and neighbouring countries, as inferred from COI sequence variability. Bull Entomol Res 2014; 104:357-366. [PMID: 24661625 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an invasive and highly polyphagous phloem-feeding pest of vegetables and ornamentals. Trialeurodes vaporariorum causes serious damage due to direct feeding and transmits several important plant viruses. Excessive use of insecticides has resulted in significantly reduced levels of susceptibility of various T. vaporariorum populations. To determine the genetic variability within and among populations of T. vaporariorum from Serbia and to explore their genetic relatedness with other T. vaporariorum populations, we analysed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences of 16 populations from Serbia and six neighbouring countries: Montenegro (three populations), Macedonia (one population) and Croatia (two populations), for a total of 198 analysed specimens. A low overall level of sequence divergence and only five variable nucleotides and six haplotypes were found. The most frequent haplotype, H1, was identified in all Serbian populations and in all specimens from distant localities in Croatia and Macedonia. The COI sequence data that was retrieved from GenBank and the data from our study indicated that H1 is the most globally widespread T. vaporariorum haplotype. A lack of spatial genetic structure among the studied T. vaporariorum populations, as well as two demographic tests that we performed (Tajima's D value and Fu's Fs statistics), indicate a recent colonisation event and population growth. Phylogenetic analyses of the COI haplotypes in this study and other T. vaporariorum haplotypes that were retrieved from GenBank were performed using Bayesian inference and median-joining (MJ) network analysis. Two major haplogroups with only a single unique nucleotide difference were found: haplogroup 1 (containing the five Serbian haplotypes and those previously identified in India, China, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Morocco, Reunion and the USA) and haplogroup 3 (containing the single Serbian haplotype H3 and haplotypes from Costa Rica, the USA and Spanish Canary Islands). Collectively, our data indicate a rather limited value of COI as a genetic marker for discrimination between different T. vaporariorum populations in the investigated area. Possible explanations for the observed lack of COI sequence variability, such as specific genetics of biological invasion and/or the influence of bacterial symbionts that manipulate insect reproduction, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prijović
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Skaljac
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - T Drobnjaković
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Zanić
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - P Perić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Marčić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
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12
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Fredotović Ž, Šamanić I, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Kamenjarin J, Jang TS, Puizina J. Triparental origin of triploid onion, Allium × cornutum (Clementi ex Visiani, 1842), as evidenced by molecular, phylogenetic and cytogenetic analyses. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:24. [PMID: 24418109 PMCID: PMC3899691 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction of the parental origins of cultivated plants from wild relatives, especially after long periods of domestication, is not a trivial task. However, recent advances in molecular phylogenetics, among other approaches, have proved to be very informative in analyses of the origin and evolution of polyploid genomes. An established minor garden crop, triploid onion Allium × cornutum (Clementi ex Visiani, 1842) (2n = 3x = 24), is widespread in southeastern Asia and Europe. Our previous cytogenetic analyses confirmed its highly heterozygous karyotype and indicated its possible complex triparental genome origin. Allium cepa L. and Allium roylei Stearn were suggested as two putative parental species of A. × cornutum, whereas the third parental species remained hitherto unknown. RESULTS Here we report the phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of 35S rDNA and the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region of 5S rDNA of A. × cornutum and its relatives of the section Cepa. Both ITS and NTS sequence data revealed intra-individual variation in triploid onion, and these data clustered into the three main clades, each with high sequence homology to one of three other species of section Cepa: A. cepa, A. roylei, and unexpectedly, the wild Asian species Allium pskemense B. Fedtsh. Allium pskemense is therefore inferred to be the third, so far unknown, putative parental species of triploid onion Allium × cornutum. The 35S and 5S rRNA genes were found to be localised on somatic chromosomes of A. × cornutum and its putative parental species by double fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). The localisation of 35S and 5S rDNA in A. × cornutum chromosomes corresponded to their respective positions in the three putative parental species, A. cepa, A. pskemense, and A. roylei. GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) using DNA of the three putative parental diploids corroborated the results of the phylogenetic study. CONCLUSIONS The combined molecular, phylogenetic and cytogenetic data obtained in this study provided evidence for a unique triparental origin of triploid onion A. × cornutum with three putative parental species, A. cepa, A. pskemense, and A. roylei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željana Fredotović
- Department of Biology, University of Split, Faculty of Science, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Šamanić
- Department of Biology, University of Split, Faculty of Science, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juraj Kamenjarin
- Department of Biology, University of Split, Faculty of Science, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tae-Soo Jang
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, University of Split, Faculty of Science, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Maravić A, Skočibušić M, Šamanić I, Fredotović Ž, Cvjetan S, Jutronić M, Puizina J. Aeromonas spp. simultaneously harbouring blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-12, blaPER-1 and blaFOX-2, in wild-growing Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Adriatic Sea, Croatia. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Maravić A, Skočibušić M, Sprung M, Samanić I, Puizina J, Pavela-Vrančić M. Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Burkholderia cepacia complex in coastal marine environment. Int J Environ Health Res 2012; 22:531-542. [PMID: 22428949 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2012.667797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During an environmental study of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in coastal waters of the Kaštela Bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia, 47 Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) isolates were recovered from seawater and mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) samples. All isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance. Among the isolates, two Burkholderia cenocepacia isolates produced chromosomally encoded TEM-116 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Analysis of outer membrane proteins revealed that decreased expression of a 36-kDa protein could be associated with a high level of β-lactam resistance in both isolates. Phenotypic study of efflux system also indicated an over-expression of Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (RND) efflux-mediated mechanism in one of the isolates. This study demonstrated the presence of Bcc in seawater and M. galloprovincialis, which gives evidence that coastal marine environment, including mussels, could be considered as a reservoir for Bcc species. Detection of ESBL-encoding genes indicates the potential role of these bacteria in the maintenance and dispersion of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
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15
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Maravić A, Skočibušić M, Samanić I, Puizina J. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles and first report of TEM extended-spectrum β-lactamase in Pseudomonas fluorescens from coastal waters of the Kaštela Bay, Croatia. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2039-45. [PMID: 22806025 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from coastal waters of the Kaštela Bay, Croatia. Twenty-two water samples were collected during 2009. Isolates were tested for susceptibilities to 13 antibiotics by Etest. ESBL production was confirmed by double-disk synergy test carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar plates containing efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride. PCR and DNA sequencing analysis were used to identify ESBL-encoding genes. The transferability of cephalosporin resistance was tested by conjugation experiments. Genetic relatedness of ESBL-producing isolates was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Out of 185 P. fluorescens isolates recovered, 70 (37.8%) demonstrated multiresistance phenotype with highest rates of resistance to tetracycline (61.6%), aztreonam (31.9%), meropenem (17.3%), ceftazidime (15.1%) and cefotaxime (12.4%). Ten (5.4%) isolates were identified as ESBL producers. All isolates carried chromosomally located bla (TEM-116) gene. RAPD analysis identified four different genotypes. Here, we demonstrated a baseline profiles of antimicrobial resistance of P. fluorescens from coastal waters of the Kaštela Bay, Croatia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of TEM-type ESBL in P. fluorescens, indicating this bacterium as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maravić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, N. Tesle 12, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Bezić N, Šamanić I, Dunkić V, Besendorfer V, Puizina J. Essential oil composition and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence variability of four South-Croatian Satureja species (Lamiaceae). Molecules 2009; 14:925-38. [PMID: 19255551 PMCID: PMC6253779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the essential oil profiles of four South-Croatian Satureja species, as determined by GC/FID and GC/MS, with their DNA sequences for an internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. A phylogenetic analysis showed that S. montana and S. cuneifolia, characterized by a similar essential oil composition, rich in the monoterpene hydrocarbon carvacrol, clustered together with high and moderate bootstrap support. On the contrary, S. subspicata and S. visianii, characterized by quite unique essential oil compositions, clustered together with the moderate bootstrap support. All four Croatian Satureja species clustered in one clade, separately from Macaronesian S. hortensis, although it had essential oil composition similar to that of S. montana and S. cuneifolia. This is the first report on the comparison between the phytochemical and DNA sequence data in Satureja species and useful contribution to the better understanding of interspecies relationships in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Bezić
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Šamanić
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Valerija Dunkić
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ; Tel. +385 21 385 133; Fax: +385 21 386 043
| | - Višnja Besendorfer
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Division of Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102A, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Teslina 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Riehs N, Akimcheva S, Puizina J, Bulankova P, Idol RA, Siroky J, Schleiffer A, Schweizer D, Shippen DE, Riha K. Arabidopsis SMG7 protein is required for exit from meiosis. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2208-16. [PMID: 18544632 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.027862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis consists of two nuclear divisions that are separated by a short interkinesis. Here we show that the SMG7 protein, which plays an evolutionarily conserved role in nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) in animals and yeast, is essential for the progression from anaphase to telophase in the second meiotic division in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis SMG7 is an essential gene, the disruption of which causes embryonic lethality. Plants carrying a hypomorphic smg7 mutation exhibit an elevated level of transcripts containing premature stop codons. This suggests that the role of SMG7 in NMD is conserved in plants. Furthermore, hypomorphic smg7 alleles render mutant plants sterile by causing an unusual cell-cycle arrest in anaphase II that is characterized by delayed chromosome decondensation and aberrant rearrangement of the meiotic spindle. The smg7 phenotype was mimicked by exposing meiocytes to the proteasome inhibitor MG115. Together, these data indicate that SMG7 counteracts cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity at the end of meiosis, and reveal a novel link between SMG7 and regulation of the meiotic cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Riehs
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Puizina J, Sviben T, Krajacić-Sokol I, Zoldos-Pećnik V, Siljak-Yakovlev S, Papes D, Besendorfer V. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of the Abies alba genome and its relationship with other members of the Pinaceae. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2008; 10:256-67. [PMID: 18304200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2007.00018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genome size, karyotype structure, heterochromatin distribution, position and number of ribosomal genes, as well as the ITS2 sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were analysed in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The analysis also included characterization of the Arabidopsis-type of telomeric repeats in silver fir and in related species. The results were compared with results from other species of the Pinaceae, to evaluate phylogeny and chromosomal and molecular evolution in the Pinaceae. Integrated chromosomal data provided insights into chromosome and karyotype evolution in the Pinaceae. The evolutionary trend for GC-rich heterochromatic blocks seems to involve loss of blocks that are not associated with rDNA. Similarly, numerous large blocks of interstitial plant telomeric repeats that are typical for all analysed species of the genus Pinus were not observed in the evolutionarily younger genera, such as Abies, Picea and Larix. On the contrary, the majority of telomeric sequences in these three genera appeared confined to the chromosome ends. We confirmed the current position of Abies and Tsuga in subfamily Abietoideae and the position of Pinus in the subfamily Pinoideae based on ITS2 sequences. Pseudotsuga is placed together with Larix into the subfamily Laricoideae. We conclude that the current position of the genus Picea in the subfamily Abietoideae should be reconsidered and, possibly, the genus Picea should be reclassified as a separate subfamily, Piceoideae, as recently proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Education, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Zellinger B, Akimcheva S, Puizina J, Schirato M, Riha K. Ku suppresses formation of telomeric circles and alternative telomere lengthening in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell 2007; 27:163-9. [PMID: 17612498 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres in mammals and plants are protected by the terminal t loop structure, the formation of which parallels the first steps of intrachromatid homologous recombination (HR). Under some circumstances, cells can also utilize an HR-based mechanism (alternative lengthening of telomeres [ALT]) as a back-up pathway for telomere maintenance. We have found that the Ku70/80 heterodimer, a central nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair factor, inhibits engagement of ALT in Arabidopsis telomerase-negative cells. To further assess HR activities at telomeres, we have developed a sensitive assay for detecting extrachromosomal telomeric circles (t circles) that may arise from t loop resolution and aberrant HR. We show that Ku70/80 specifically inhibits circle formation at telomeres, but not at centromeric and rDNA repeats. Ku inactivation results in increased formation of t circles that represent approximately 4% of total telomeric DNA. However, telomeres in ku mutants are fully functional, indicating that telomerase efficiently heals ongoing terminal deletions arising from excision of the t circles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zellinger
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Besendorfer V, Krajacić-Sokol I, Jelenić S, Puizina J, Mlinarec J, Sviben T, Papes D. Two classes of 5S rDNA unit arrays of the silver fir, Abies alba Mill.: structure, localization and evolution. Theor Appl Genet 2005; 110:730-41. [PMID: 15657739 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The structure and organization of the 5S ribosomal DNA units of the silver fir, Abies alba Mill., as well as their position in the chromosome complement were investigated. PCR amplification of the gene and nontranscribed spacer region, sequence analysis and Southern hybridization, using a homologous probe, detected DNA sequences of approximately 550 bp and 700 bp. Sequence analysis of the spacers revealed that the difference in length between the sequences occurred in the middle spacer region as a result of the amplification of a 75-bp sequence of the short unit class, which is organized in four 54- to 68-bp tandem repeats in the long spacer unit. The 5S rDNA transcribed region is 120 bp long and shows high sequence similarity with other gymnosperm species. The comparative analysis of 5' and 3' flanking sequences of 5S rRNA genes of silver fir and other gymnosperms indicates that A. alba spacer units have the same rate of evolution and are more closely related to Larix and Pseudotsuga than to Pinus and Picea. Southern hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization of metaphase chromosomes of A. alba suggest that the short and long spacer units are organized as separate tandem arrays at two chromosomal loci on chromosomes V and XI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visnja Besendorfer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Puizina J, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Pedrosa-Harand A, Kamenjarin J, Trinajstic I, Riha K, Schweizer D. Karyotype analysis in Hyacinthella dalmatica (Hyacinthaceae) reveals vertebrate-type telomere repeats at the chromosome ends. Genome 2004; 46:1070-6. [PMID: 14663525 DOI: 10.1139/g03-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome analysis of three different populations of Hyacinthella dalmatica (Lallem.) Trinajstić, an endemic species of the coastal region of southeastern Europe, showed a unique chromosome number, 2n = 2x = 20, and bimodal karyotype with one large and nine smaller pairs of chromosomes. Staining with fluorochromes CMA3 (chromomycin A3) and DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) revealed heterochromatic regions associated with NORs, centromeres, and several interstitial heterochromatic bands on the longest chromosome pair. Double-target FISH with two ribosomal DNA probes revealed one locus of 5S rRNA genes in the pericentromeric region of chromosome pair 3 and one locus of 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA genes on the short arm of chromosome pair 4 in all plants and populations analyzed. Southern hybridization analysis and FISH experiments demonstrated that the distal ends of H. dalmatica chromosomes contain the vertebrate telomere (5'-TTAGGG-3') repeat type rather than the Arabidopsis (5'-TTTAGGG-3') heptamer, and so suggest that this Asparagales species along with Aloe and Othocallis contains the vertebrate-type telomere repeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Puizina
- Gregor Mendel Institute ofMolecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Puizina J, Siroky J, Mokros P, Schweizer D, Riha K. Mre11 deficiency in Arabidopsis is associated with chromosomal instability in somatic cells and Spo11-dependent genome fragmentation during meiosis. Plant Cell 2004; 16:1968-78. [PMID: 15258261 PMCID: PMC519189 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.022749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex is involved in many aspects of chromosome metabolism. Aberrant function of the complex is associated with defects in the DNA checkpoint, double-strand break repair, meiosis, and telomere maintenance. In this article, we report the consequences of Mre11 dysfunction for the stability of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although plants homozygous for a T-DNA insertion in a conserved region of the MRE11 gene are viable, they exhibit growth defects and are infertile. Analysis of mitotic chromosomes prepared from the mutant plants revealed abundant dicentric chromosomes and chromosomal fragments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that anaphase bridges are often formed by homologous chromosome arms. The frequency of chromosome fusions was not reduced in mre11 ku70 double mutants, suggesting that plants possess DNA end-joining activities independent of the Ku70/80 and Mre11 complexes. Cytogenetic examination of pollen mother cells revealed massive chromosome fragmentation and the absence of synapsis in the initial stages of meiosis. The fragmentation was substantially suppressed in mre11 spo11-1 double mutants, indicating that Mre11 is required for repair but not for the induction of Spo11-dependent meiotic DNA breaks in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Puizina
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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Heacock M, Spangler E, Riha K, Puizina J, Shippen DE. Molecular analysis of telomere fusions in Arabidopsis: multiple pathways for chromosome end-joining. EMBO J 2004; 23:2304-13. [PMID: 15141167 PMCID: PMC419913 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
End-to-end fusion of critically shortened telomeres in higher eucaryotes is presumed to be mediated by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). Here we describe two PCR-based methods to monitor telomere length and examine the fate of dysfunctional telomeres in Arabidopsis lacking the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT) and the DNA repair proteins Ku70 and Mre11. Primer extension telomere repeat amplification relies on the presence of an intact G-overhang, and thus measures functional telomere length. The minimum functional telomere length detected was 300-400 bp. PCR amplification and sequence analysis of chromosome fusion junctions revealed exonucleolytic digestion of dysfunctional ends prior to fusion. In ku70 tert mutants, there was a greater incidence of microhomology at the fusion junction than in tert mutants. In triple ku70 tert mre11 mutants, chromosome fusions were still detected, but microhomology at the junction was no longer favored. These data indicate that both Ku70 and Mre11 contribute to fusion of critically shortened telomeres in higher eucaryotes. Furthermore, Arabidopsis processes critically shortened telomeres as double-strand breaks, using a variety of end-joining pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heacock
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Spangler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Karel Riha
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorothy E Shippen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA. Tel.: +1 979 862 2342; Fax: +1 979 845 9274; E-mail:
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Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Riha K, Jang CG, Puizina J, Scherthan H, Schweizer D. Chromosome termini of the monocot plant Othocallis siberica are maintained by telomerase, which specifically synthesises vertebrate-type telomere sequences. Plant J 2004; 37:484-93. [PMID: 14756758 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lack of Arabidopsis-type T3AG3 telomere sequences has recently been reported for the majority of investigated taxa of the monocot order Asparagales. In order to investigate this phenomenon in more detail, we conducted extensive cytogenetic and molecular analyses of the telomeres in Othocallis siberica, a member of this order. Terminal restriction fragment analysis together with Bal31 exonuclease assay showed that chromosome termini in O. siberica are formed by long stretches (more than 10 kbp) of vertebrate-type T2AG3 repeats. In addition, telomerase activity specifically synthesising (T2AG3)n sequence was detected in O. siberica protein extracts by telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) revealed the presence of the vertebrate-type T2AG3 telomere sequences at all chromosome termini and at a few additional regions of O. siberica chromosomes, whereas Arabidopsis-type T3AG3 DNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes did not hybridise to chromosomes of Othocallis, except for polymorphic blocks in chromosomes 2 (interstitial) and 4 (terminal). These interstitial/terminal regions are apparently composed of large blocks of (T2AG3)n and (T3AG3)n DNA and represent a unique example of interspersion of two types of telomeric repeats within one genome. This may be a reflection of the recent evolutionary switch from Arabidopsis- to vertebrate-type telomeric repeats in this plant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Puizina J, Javornik B, Bohanec B, Schweizer D, Maluszynska J, Papes D. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, genome size, and genomic in situ hybridization of triploid viviparous onions. Genome 1999; 42:1208-16. [PMID: 10659789 DOI: 10.1139/gen-42-6-1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triploid viviparous onions (Allium cepa L. var. viviparum Metzg. (ALEF.), auct.), (2n = 3x = 24), are known in some countries only as a rare relic crop, while in other parts of the world they are still traditionally or even commercially cultivated. Results indicating an identical random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding pattern and the same DNA content (2C = 43.4 pg) establish the high genetic similarity and the unique origin of the Croatian clone Ljutika and the Indian clone Pran. In order to determine the parental Allium species of these natural triploid hybrids, genomic fluorescent in situ hybridization (GISH) was applied. Biotinylated genomic DNAs from six diploid Allium species (A. cepa L., A. fistulosum L., A. roylei Stearn, A. vavilovii M. Pop. et Vved., A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) were used as probes in this study. While probes obtained from genomic DNA of A. cepa, A. vavilovii, and A. roylei hybridized to somatic chromosomes of Ljutika probes from A. fistulosum, A. galanthum, and A. oschaninii did not. The DNA probes of A. cepa and A. roylei each completely or predominantly labelled one genome (eight chromosomes). A few chromosomes, the markers of the triploid karyotype, were not completely labelled by any probe applied. Our GISH results indicate that triploid viviparous onions might possess a complex triparental genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Split, Croatia.
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Puizina J, Javornik B, Bohanec B, Schweizer D, Maluszynska J, Pape D. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, genome size, and genomic in situ hybridization of triploid viviparous onions. Genome 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/g99-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triploid viviparous onions (Allium cepa L. var. viviparum Metzg. (ALEF.), auct.), (2n = 3x = 24), are known in some countries only as a rare relic crop, while in other parts of the world they are still traditionally or even commercially cultivated. Results indicating an identical random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding pattern and the same DNA content (2C = 43.4 pg) establish the high genetic similarity and the unique origin of the Croatian clone Ljutika and the Indian clone Pran. In order to determine the parental Allium species of these natural triploid hybrids, genomic fluorescent in situ hybridization (GISH) was applied. Biotinylated genomic DNAs from six diploid Allium species (A. cepa L., A. fistulosum L., A. roylei Stearn, A. vavilovii M. Pop. et Vved., A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) were used as probes in this study. While probes obtained from genomic DNA of A. cepa, A. vavilovii, and A. roylei hybridized to somatic chromosomes of Ljutika probes from A. fistulosum, A. galanthum, and A. oschaninii did not. The DNA probes of A. cepa and A. roylei each completely or predominantly labelled one genome (eight chromosomes). A few chromosomes, the markers of the triploid karyotype, were not completely labelled by any probe applied. Our GISH results indicate that triploid viviparous onions might possess a complex triparental genome organization.Key words: triploid viviparous onions, Allium cepa, Allium roylei, genomic in situ hybridization, genome size, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).
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