1
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Wuestefeld A, Baumeister H, Adams JN, de Flores R, Hodgetts CJ, Mazloum-Farzaghi N, Olsen RK, Puliyadi V, Tran TT, Bakker A, Canada KL, Dalton MA, Daugherty AM, La Joie R, Wang L, Bedard ML, Buendia E, Chung E, Denning A, Del Mar Arroyo-Jiménez M, Artacho-Pérula E, Irwin DJ, Ittyerah R, Lee EB, Lim S, Del Pilar Marcos-Rabal M, Iñiguez de Onzoño Martin MM, Lopez MM, de la Rosa Prieto C, Schuck T, Trotman W, Vela A, Yushkevich P, Amunts K, Augustinack JC, Ding SL, Insausti R, Kedo O, Berron D, Wisse LEM. Comparison of histological delineations of medial temporal lobe cortices by four independent neuroanatomy laboratories. Hippocampus 2024; 34:241-260. [PMID: 38415962 PMCID: PMC11039382 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortex, located adjacent to the hippocampus, is crucial for memory and prone to the accumulation of certain neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tau tangles. The MTL cortex is composed of several subregions which differ in their functional and cytoarchitectonic features. As neuroanatomical schools rely on different cytoarchitectonic definitions of these subregions, it is unclear to what extent their delineations of MTL cortex subregions overlap. Here, we provide an overview of cytoarchitectonic definitions of the entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices as well as Brodmann areas (BA) 35 and 36, as provided by four neuroanatomists from different laboratories, aiming to identify the rationale for overlapping and diverging delineations. Nissl-stained series were acquired from the temporal lobes of three human specimens (two right and one left hemisphere). Slices (50 μm thick) were prepared perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus spanning the entire longitudinal extent of the MTL cortex. Four neuroanatomists annotated MTL cortex subregions on digitized slices spaced 5 mm apart (pixel size 0.4 μm at 20× magnification). Parcellations, terminology, and border placement were compared among neuroanatomists. Cytoarchitectonic features of each subregion are described in detail. Qualitative analysis of the annotations showed higher agreement in the definitions of the entorhinal cortex and BA35, while the definitions of BA36 and the parahippocampal cortex exhibited less overlap among neuroanatomists. The degree of overlap of cytoarchitectonic definitions was partially reflected in the neuroanatomists' agreement on the respective delineations. Lower agreement in annotations was observed in transitional zones between structures where seminal cytoarchitectonic features are expressed less saliently. The results highlight that definitions and parcellations of the MTL cortex differ among neuroanatomical schools and thereby increase understanding of why these differences may arise. This work sets a crucial foundation to further advance anatomically-informed neuroimaging research on the human MTL cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wuestefeld
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannah Baumeister
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jenna N Adams
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Robin de Flores
- INSERM UMR-S U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, France
| | | | - Negar Mazloum-Farzaghi
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vyash Puliyadi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tammy T Tran
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelsey L Canada
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ana M Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Madigan L Bedard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Esther Buendia
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Eunice Chung
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda Denning
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - David J Irwin
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Edward B Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sydney Lim
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Monica Munoz Lopez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Theresa Schuck
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alicia Vela
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Olga Kedo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Rosenblum EW, Williams EM, Champion SN, Frosch MP, Augustinack JC. The prosubiculum in the human hippocampus: A rostrocaudal, feature-driven, and systematic approach. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25604. [PMID: 38477395 PMCID: PMC11060218 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampal subfield prosubiculum (ProS), is a conserved neuroanatomic region in mouse, monkey, and human. This area lies between CA1 and subiculum (Sub) and particularly lacks consensus on its boundaries; reports have varied on the description of its features and location. In this report, we review, refine, and evaluate four cytoarchitectural features that differentiate ProS from its neighboring subfields: (1) small neurons, (2) lightly stained neurons, (3) superficial clustered neurons, and (4) a cell sparse zone. ProS was delineated in all cases (n = 10). ProS was examined for its cytoarchitectonic features and location rostrocaudally, from the anterior head through the body in the hippocampus. The most common feature was small pyramidal neurons, which were intermingled with larger pyramidal neurons in ProS. We quantitatively measured ProS pyramidal neurons, which showed (average, width at pyramidal base = 14.31 µm, n = 400 per subfield). CA1 neurons averaged 15.57 µm and Sub neurons averaged 15.63 µm, both were significantly different than ProS (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < .0001). The other three features observed were lightly stained neurons, clustered neurons, and a cell sparse zone. Taken together, these findings suggest that ProS is an independent subfield, likely with distinct functional contributions to the broader interconnected hippocampal network. Our results suggest that ProS is a cytoarchitecturally varied subfield, both for features and among individuals. This diverse architecture in features and individuals for ProS could explain the long-standing complexity regarding the identification of this subfield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma W Rosenblum
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily M Williams
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha N Champion
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Aganj I, Mora J, Fischl B, Augustinack JC. Automatic Geometry-based Estimation of the Locus Coeruleus Region on T 1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.23.576958. [PMID: 38328208 PMCID: PMC10849695 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a key brain structure implicated in cognitive function and neurodegenerative disease. Automatic segmentation of the LC is a crucial step in quantitative non-invasive analysis of the LC in large MRI cohorts. Most publicly available imaging databases for training automatic LC segmentation models take advantage of specialized contrast-enhancing (e.g., neuromelanin-sensitive) MRI. Segmentation models developed with such image contrasts, however, are not readily applicable to existing datasets with conventional MRI sequences. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of using non-contrast neuroanatomical information to geometrically approximate the LC region from standard 3-Tesla T1-weighted images of 20 subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We employ this dataset to train and internally/externally evaluate two automatic localization methods, the Expected Label Value and the U-Net. We also test the hypothesis that using the phase image as input can improve the robustness of out-of-sample segmentation. We then apply our trained models to a larger subset of HCP, while exploratorily correlating LC imaging variables and structural connectivity with demographic and clinical data. This report contributes and provides an evaluation of two computational methods estimating neural structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Aganj
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jocelyn Mora
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Wuestefeld A, Baumeister H, Adams JN, de Flores R, Hodgetts C, Mazloum-Farzaghi N, Olsen RK, Puliyadi V, Tran TT, Bakker A, Canada KL, Dalton MA, Daugherty AM, Joie RL, Wang L, Bedard M, Buendia E, Chung E, Denning A, Arroyo-Jiménez MDM, Artacho-Pérula E, Irwin DJ, Ittyerah R, Lee EB, Lim S, Marcos-Rabal MDP, Martin MMIDO, Lopez MM, Prieto CDLR, Schuck T, Trotman W, Vela A, Yushkevich P, Amunts K, Augustinack JC, Ding SL, Insausti R, Kedo O, Berron D, Wisse LEM. Comparison of histological delineations of medial temporal lobe cortices by four independent neuroanatomy laboratories. bioRxiv 2024:2023.05.24.542054. [PMID: 37292729 PMCID: PMC10245880 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortex, located adjacent to the hippocampus, is crucial for memory and prone to the accumulation of certain neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tau tangles. The MTL cortex is composed of several subregions which differ in their functional and cytoarchitectonic features. As neuroanatomical schools rely on different cytoarchitectonic definitions of these subregions, it is unclear to what extent their delineations of MTL cortex subregions overlap. Here, we provide an overview of cytoarchitectonic definitions of the cortices that make up the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices) and the adjacent Brodmann areas (BA) 35 and 36, as provided by four neuroanatomists from different laboratories, aiming to identify the rationale for overlapping and diverging delineations. Nissl-stained series were acquired from the temporal lobes of three human specimens (two right and one left hemisphere). Slices (50 µm thick) were prepared perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus spanning the entire longitudinal extent of the MTL cortex. Four neuroanatomists annotated MTL cortex subregions on digitized (20X resolution) slices with 5 mm spacing. Parcellations, terminology, and border placement were compared among neuroanatomists. Cytoarchitectonic features of each subregion are described in detail. Qualitative analysis of the annotations showed higher agreement in the definitions of the entorhinal cortex and BA35, while definitions of BA36 and the parahippocampal cortex exhibited less overlap among neuroanatomists. The degree of overlap of cytoarchitectonic definitions was partially reflected in the neuroanatomists' agreement on the respective delineations. Lower agreement in annotations was observed in transitional zones between structures where seminal cytoarchitectonic features are expressed more gradually. The results highlight that definitions and parcellations of the MTL cortex differ among neuroanatomical schools and thereby increase understanding of why these differences may arise. This work sets a crucial foundation to further advance anatomically-informed human neuroimaging research on the MTL cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wuestefeld
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hannah Baumeister
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jenna N Adams
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robin de Flores
- INSERM UMR-S U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain, Caen-Normandie University, Caen-Normandie, France
| | | | - Negar Mazloum-Farzaghi
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, North York, ON, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, North York, ON, Canada
| | - Vyash Puliyadi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tammy T Tran
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelsey L Canada
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ana M Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | - Lei Wang
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Madigan Bedard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Eunice Chung
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward B Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney Lim
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alicia Vela
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Olga Kedo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Oltmer J, Greve DN, Cerri S, Slepneva N, Llamas-Rodríguez J, Iglesias JE, Van Leemput K, Champion SN, Frosch MP, Augustinack JC. Assessing individual variability of the entorhinal subfields in health and disease. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:2062-2079. [PMID: 37700618 PMCID: PMC10841297 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Investigating interindividual variability is a major field of interest in neuroscience. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is essential for memory and affected early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We combined histology ground-truth data with ultrahigh-resolution 7T ex vivo MRI to analyze EC interindividual variability in 3D. Further, we characterized (1) entorhinal shape as a whole, (2) entorhinal subfield range and midpoints, and (3) subfield architectural location and tau burden derived from 3D probability maps. Our results indicated that EC shape varied but was not related to demographic or disease factors at this preclinical stage. The medial intermediate subfield showed the highest degree of location variability in the probability maps. However, individual subfields did not display the same level of variability across dimensions and outcome measure, each providing a different perspective. For example, the olfactory subfield showed low variability in midpoint location in the superior-inferior dimension but high variability in anterior-posterior, and the subfield entorhinal intermediate showed a large variability in volumetric measures but a low variability in location derived from the 3D probability maps. These findings suggest that interindividual variability within the entorhinal subfields requires a 3D approach incorporating multiple outcome measures. This study provides 3D probability maps of the individual entorhinal subfields and respective tau pathology in the preclinical stage (Braak I and II) of AD. These probability maps illustrate the subfield average and may serve as a checkpoint for future modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oltmer
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Digital Health & Innovation, Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefano Cerri
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalya Slepneva
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josue Llamas-Rodríguez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan Eugenio Iglesias
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Koen Van Leemput
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samantha N Champion
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Chang S, Yang J, Novoseltseva A, Abdelhakeem A, Hyman M, Fu X, Li C, Chen S, Augustinack JC, Magnain C, Fischl B, Mckee AC, Boas DA, Chen IA, Wang H. Multi-Scale Label-Free Human Brain Imaging with Integrated Serial Sectioning Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography and Two-Photon Microscopy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303381. [PMID: 37882348 PMCID: PMC10724383 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of aging and neurodegenerative processes in the human brain requires a comprehensive understanding of cytoarchitectonic, myeloarchitectonic, and vascular structures. Recent computational advances have enabled volumetric reconstruction of the human brain using thousands of stained slices, however, tissue distortions and loss resulting from standard histological processing have hindered deformation-free reconstruction. Here, the authors describe an integrated serial sectioning polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) and two photon microscopy (2PM) system to provide label-free multi-contrast imaging of intact brain structures, including scattering, birefringence, and autofluorescence of human brain tissue. The authors demonstrate high-throughput reconstruction of 4 × 4 × 2cm3 sample blocks and simple registration between PSOCT and 2PM images that enable comprehensive analysis of myelin content, vascular structure, and cellular information. The high-resolution 2PM images provide microscopic validation and enrichment of the cellular information provided by the PSOCT optical properties on the same sample, revealing the densely packed fibers, capillaries, and lipofuscin-filled cell bodies in the cortex and white matter. It is shown that the imaging system enables quantitative characterization of various pathological features in aging process, including myelin degradation, lipofuscin accumulation, and microvascular changes, which opens up numerous opportunities in the study of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibin Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston University8 St Mary's StBoston02215USA
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston University44 Cummington MallBoston02215USA
| | - Anna Novoseltseva
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston University44 Cummington MallBoston02215USA
| | - Ayman Abdelhakeem
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston University8 St Mary's StBoston02215USA
| | - Mackenzie Hyman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston University44 Cummington MallBoston02215USA
| | - Xinlei Fu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Shih‐Chi Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalA.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging13th StreetBoston02129USA
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalA.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging13th StreetBoston02129USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalA.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging13th StreetBoston02129USA
| | - Ann C. Mckee
- VA Boston Healthcare SystemU.S. Department of Veteran AffairsBoston02132USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of MedicineBoston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBoston02118USA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of MedicineBoston02118USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBoston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of MedicineBoston02118USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare SystemU.S. Department of Veteran AffairsBedfordMA01730‐1114USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston University8 St Mary's StBoston02215USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston University44 Cummington MallBoston02215USA
| | - Ichun Anderson Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston University44 Cummington MallBoston02215USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalA.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging13th StreetBoston02129USA
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7
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Liu CJ, Ammon W, Jones RJ, Nolan JC, Gong D, Maffei C, Edlow BL, Augustinack JC, Magnain C, Yendiki A, Villiger M, Fischl B, Wang H. Quantitative imaging of three-dimensional fiber orientation in the human brain via two illumination angles using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.20.563298. [PMID: 37961162 PMCID: PMC10634685 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of three-dimensional (3D) fiber orientation in the brain is crucial for reconstructing fiber pathways and studying their involvement in neurological diseases. Optical imaging methods such as polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) provide important tools to directly quantify fiber orientation at micrometer resolution. However, brain imaging based on the optic axis by PS-OCT so far has been limited to two-dimensional in-plane orientation, preventing the comprehensive study of connectivity in 3D. In this work, we present a novel method to obtain the 3D fiber orientation in full angular space with only two illumination angles. We measure the optic axis orientation and the apparent birefringence by PS-OCT from a normal and a 15 deg tilted illumination, and then apply a computational method yielding the 3D optic axis orientation and true birefringence. We verify that our method accurately recovers a large range of through-plane orientations from -85 deg to 85 deg with a high angular precision. We further present 3D fiber orientation maps of entire coronal sections of human cerebrum and brainstem with 10 μm in-plane resolution, revealing unprecedented details of fiber configurations. We envision that further development of our method will open a promising avenue towards large-scale 3D fiber axis mapping in the human brain and other complex fibrous tissues at microscopic level.
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8
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Costantini I, Morgan L, Yang J, Balbastre Y, Varadarajan D, Pesce L, Scardigli M, Mazzamuto G, Gavryusev V, Castelli FM, Roffilli M, Silvestri L, Laffey J, Raia S, Varghese M, Wicinski B, Chang S, Chen IA, Wang H, Cordero D, Vera M, Nolan J, Nestor K, Mora J, Iglesias JE, Garcia Pallares E, Evancic K, Augustinack JC, Fogarty M, Dalca AV, Frosch MP, Magnain C, Frost R, van der Kouwe A, Chen SC, Boas DA, Pavone FS, Fischl B, Hof PR. A cellular resolution atlas of Broca's area. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg3844. [PMID: 37824623 PMCID: PMC10569704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain cells are arranged in laminar, nuclear, or columnar structures, spanning a range of scales. Here, we construct a reliable cell census in the frontal lobe of human cerebral cortex at micrometer resolution in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-referenced system using innovative imaging and analysis methodologies. MRI establishes a macroscopic reference coordinate system of laminar and cytoarchitectural boundaries. Cell counting is obtained with a digital stereological approach on the 3D reconstruction at cellular resolution from a custom-made inverted confocal light-sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM). Mesoscale optical coherence tomography enables the registration of the distorted histological cell typing obtained with LSFM to the MRI-based atlas coordinate system. The outcome is an integrated high-resolution cellular census of Broca's area in a human postmortem specimen, within a whole-brain reference space atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Costantini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- National Institute of Optics (INO), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leah Morgan
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yael Balbastre
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Varadarajan
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luca Pesce
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marina Scardigli
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mazzamuto
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- National Institute of Optics (INO), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Vladislav Gavryusev
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Castelli
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Bioretics srl, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico Silvestri
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- National Institute of Optics (INO), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Jessie Laffey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Raia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Merina Varghese
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bridget Wicinski
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuaibin Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devani Cordero
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Vera
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jackson Nolan
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Nestor
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Mora
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Eugenio Iglesias
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erendira Garcia Pallares
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Evancic
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Fogarty
- Imaging Science Program, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrian V. Dalca
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Frost
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shih-Chi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - David A. Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- National Institute of Optics (INO), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- HST, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Chang S, Yang J, Novoseltseva A, Fu X, Li C, Chen SC, Augustinack JC, Magnain C, Fischl B, Mckee AC, Boas DA, Chen IA, Wang H. Multi-Scale Label-free Human Brain Imaging with Integrated Serial Sectioning Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography and Two-Photon Microscopy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.22.541785. [PMID: 37293092 PMCID: PMC10245911 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of neurodegenerative processes in the human brain requires a comprehensive understanding of cytoarchitectonic, myeloarchitectonic, and vascular structures. Recent computational advances have enabled volumetric reconstruction of the human brain using thousands of stained slices, however, tissue distortions and loss resulting from standard histological processing have hindered deformation-free reconstruction of the human brain. The development of a multi-scale and volumetric human brain imaging technique that can measure intact brain structure would be a major technical advance. Here, we describe the development of integrated serial sectioning Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PSOCT) and Two Photon Microscopy (2PM) to provide label-free multi-contrast imaging, including scattering, birefringence and autofluorescence of human brain tissue. We demonstrate that high-throughput reconstruction of 4×4×2cm3 sample blocks and simple registration of PSOCT and 2PM images enable comprehensive analysis of myelin content, vascular structure, and cellular information. We show that 2μm in-plane resolution 2PM images provide microscopic validation and enrichment of the cellular information provided by the PSOCT optical property maps on the same sample, revealing the sophisticated capillary networks and lipofuscin filled cell bodies across the cortical layers. Our method is applicable to the study of a variety of pathological processes, including demyelination, cell loss, and microvascular changes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibin Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St Mary’s St, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Anna Novoseltseva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Xinlei Fu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shih-Chi Chen
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston 02129, USA
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston 02129, USA
| | - Ann C. Mckee
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St Mary’s St, Boston 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Ichun Anderson Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston 02129, USA
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10
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Oltmer J, Rosenblum EW, Williams EM, Roy J, Llamas-Rodriguez J, Perosa V, Champion SN, Frosch MP, Augustinack JC. Stereology neuron counts correlate with deep learning estimates in the human hippocampal subregions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5884. [PMID: 37041300 PMCID: PMC10090178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal subregions differ in specialization and vulnerability to cell death. Neuron death and hippocampal atrophy have been a marker for the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Relatively few studies have examined neuronal loss in the human brain using stereology. We characterize an automated high-throughput deep learning pipeline to segment hippocampal pyramidal neurons, generate pyramidal neuron estimates within the human hippocampal subfields, and relate our results to stereology neuron counts. Based on seven cases and 168 partitions, we vet deep learning parameters to segment hippocampal pyramidal neurons from the background using the open-source CellPose algorithm, and show the automated removal of false-positive segmentations. There was no difference in Dice scores between neurons segmented by the deep learning pipeline and manual segmentations (Independent Samples t-Test: t(28) = 0.33, p = 0.742). Deep-learning neuron estimates strongly correlate with manual stereological counts per subregion (Spearman's correlation (n = 9): r(7) = 0.97, p < 0.001), and for each partition individually (Spearman's correlation (n = 168): r(166) = 0.90, p <0 .001). The high-throughput deep-learning pipeline provides validation to existing standards. This deep learning approach may benefit future studies in tracking baseline and resilient healthy aging to the earliest disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oltmer
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma W Rosenblum
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Williams
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Roy
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Josué Llamas-Rodriguez
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Perosa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Cambridge Str. 175, Suite 300, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Samantha N Champion
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Llamas-Rodríguez J, Oltmer J, Marshall M, Champion S, Frosch MP, Augustinack JC. TDP-43 and tau concurrence in the entorhinal subfields in primary age-related tauopathy and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2023:e13159. [PMID: 37037195 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) pathology correlates strongly with cognitive decline and is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In recent years, phosphorylated transactive response DNA-binding protein (pTDP-43) has emerged as a common comorbidity, found in up to 70% of all AD cases (Josephs et al., Acta Neuropathol, 131(4), 571-585; Josephs, Whitwell, et al., Acta Neuropathol, 127(6), 811-824). Current staging schemes for pTDP-43 in AD and primary age-related tauopathy (PART) track its progression throughout the brain, but the distribution of pTDP-43 within the entorhinal cortex (EC) at the earliest stages has not been studied. Moreover, the exact nature of p-tau and pTDP-43 co-localization is debated. We investigated the selective vulnerability of the entorhinal subfields to phosphorylated pTDP-43 pathology in preclinical AD and PART postmortem tissue. Within the EC, posterior-lateral subfields showed the highest semi-quantitative pTDP-43 density scores, while the anterior-medial subfields had the lowest. On the rostrocaudal axis, pTDP-43 scores were higher posteriorly than anteriorly (p < 0.010), peaking at the posterior-most level (p < 0.050). Further, we showed the relationship between pTDP-43 and p-tau in these regions at pathology-positive but clinically silent stages. P-tau and pTDP-43 presented a similar pattern of affected subregions (p < 0.0001) but differed in density magnitude (p < 0.0001). P-tau burden was consistently higher than pTDP-43 at every anterior-posterior level and in most EC subfields. These findings highlight pTDP-43 burden heterogeneity within the EC and the posterior-lateral subfields as the most vulnerable regions within stage II of the current pTDP-43 staging schemes for AD and PART. The EC is a point of convergence for p-tau and pTDP-43 and identifying its most vulnerable neuronal populations will prove key for early diagnosis and disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Llamas-Rodríguez
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan Oltmer
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Marshall
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha Champion
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Williams EM, Rosenblum EW, Pihlstrom N, Llamas-Rodríguez J, Champion S, Frosch MP, Augustinack JC. Pentad: A reproducible cytoarchitectonic protocol and its application to parcellation of the human hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1114757. [PMID: 36843959 PMCID: PMC9947247 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1114757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hippocampus is integral for learning and memory and is targeted by multiple diseases. Neuroimaging approaches frequently use hippocampal subfield volumes as a standard measure of neurodegeneration, thus making them an essential biomarker to study. Collectively, histologic parcellation studies contain various disagreements, discrepancies, and omissions. The present study aimed to advance the hippocampal subfield segmentation field by establishing the first histology based parcellation protocol, applied to n = 22 human hippocampal samples. Methods The protocol focuses on five cellular traits observed in the pyramidal layer of the human hippocampus. We coin this approach the pentad protocol. The traits were: chromophilia, neuron size, packing density, clustering, and collinearity. Subfields included were CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, prosubiculum, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, as well as the medial (uncal) subfields Subu, CA1u, CA2u, CA3u, and CA4u. We also establish nine distinct anterior-posterior levels of the hippocampus in the coronal plane to document rostrocaudal differences. Results Applying the pentad protocol, we parcellated 13 subfields at nine levels in 22 samples. We found that CA1 had the smallest neurons, CA2 showed high neuronal clustering, and CA3 displayed the most collinear neurons of the CA fields. The border between presubiculum and subiculum was staircase shaped, and parasubiculum had larger neurons than presubiculum. We also demonstrate cytoarchitectural evidence that CA4 and prosubiculum exist as individual subfields. Discussion This protocol is comprehensive, regimented and supplies a high number of samples, hippocampal subfields, and anterior-posterior coronal levels. The pentad protocol utilizes the gold standard approach for the human hippocampus subfield parcellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Williams
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma W. Rosenblum
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole Pihlstrom
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josué Llamas-Rodríguez
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samantha Champion
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Wang H, Gong D, Augustinack JC, Magnain C. Quantitative optical coherence microscopy of neuron morphology in human entorhinal cortex. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1074660. [PMID: 37152599 PMCID: PMC10160389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1074660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The size and shape of neurons are important features indicating aging and the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the significant advances of optical microscopy, quantitative analysis of the neuronal features in the human brain remains largely incomplete. Traditional histology on thin slices bears tremendous distortions in three-dimensional reconstruction, the magnitude of which are often greater than the structure of interest. Recently development of tissue clearing techniques enable the whole brain to be analyzed in small animals; however, the application in the human remains challenging. Methods In this study, we present a label-free quantitative optical coherence microscopy (OCM) technique to obtain the morphological parameters of neurons in human entorhinal cortex (EC). OCM uses the intrinsic back-scattering property of tissue to identify individual neurons in 3D. The area, length, width, and orientation of individual neurons are quantified and compared between layer II and III in EC. Results The high-resolution mapping of neuron size, shape, and orientation shows significant differences between layer II and III neurons in EC. The results are validated by standard Nissl staining of the same samples. Discussion The quantitative OCM technique in our study offers a new solution to analyze variety of neurons and their organizations in the human brain, which opens new insights in advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
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14
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Oltmer J, Slepneva N, Llamas Rodriguez J, Greve DN, Williams EM, Wang R, Champion SN, Lang-Orsini M, Nestor K, Fernandez-Ros N, Fischl B, Frosch MP, Magnain C, van der Kouwe AJW, Augustinack JC. Quantitative and histologically validated measures of the entorhinal subfields in ex vivo MRI. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac074. [PMID: 35620167 PMCID: PMC9128374 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have routinely used hippocampal volume as a measure of Alzheimer's disease severity, but hippocampal changes occur too late in the disease process for potential therapies to be effective. The entorhinal cortex is one of the first cortical areas affected by Alzheimer's disease; its neurons are especially vulnerable to neurofibrillary tangles. Entorhinal atrophy also relates to the conversion from non-clinical to clinical Alzheimer's disease. In neuroimaging, the human entorhinal cortex has so far mostly been considered in its entirety or divided into a medial and a lateral region. Cytoarchitectonic differences provide the opportunity for subfield parcellation. We investigated the entorhinal cortex on a subfield-specific level-at a critical time point of Alzheimer's disease progression. While MRI allows multidimensional quantitative measurements, only histology provides enough accuracy to determine subfield boundaries-the pre-requisite for quantitative measurements within the entorhinal cortex. This study used histological data to validate ultra-high-resolution 7 Tesla ex vivo MRI and create entorhinal subfield parcellations in a total of 10 pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease and normal control cases. Using ex vivo MRI, eight entorhinal subfields (olfactory, rostral, medial intermediate, intermediate, lateral rostral, lateral caudal, caudal, and caudal limiting) were characterized for cortical thickness, volume, and pial surface area. Our data indicated no influence of sex, or Braak and Braak staging on volume, cortical thickness, or pial surface area. The volume and pial surface area for mean whole entorhinal cortex were 1131 ± 55.72 mm3 and 429 ± 22.6 mm2 (mean ± SEM), respectively. The subfield volume percentages relative to the entire entorhinal cortex were olfactory: 18.73 ± 1.82%, rostral: 14.06 ± 0.63%, lateral rostral: 14.81 ± 1.22%, medial intermediate: 6.72 ± 0.72%, intermediate: 23.36 ± 1.85%, lateral caudal: 5.42 ± 0.33%, caudal: 10.99 ± 1.02%, and caudal limiting: 5.91 ± 0.40% (all mean ± SEM). Olfactory and intermediate subfield revealed the most extensive intra-individual variability (cross-subject variance) in volume and pial surface area. This study provides validated measures. It maps individuality and demonstrates human variability in the entorhinal cortex, providing a baseline for approaches in individualized medicine. Taken together, this study serves as a ground-truth validation study for future in vivo comparisons and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oltmer
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Natalya Slepneva
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Josue Llamas Rodriguez
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Emily M. Williams
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ruopeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Melanie Lang-Orsini
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Nestor
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Nídia Fernandez-Ros
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA,CSAIL, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Andre J. W. van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA,Correspondence to: Jean C. Augustinack Department of
Radiology Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts
General Hospital Building 149, 13th St Room 2301 Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
E-mail:
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15
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Chang S, Varadarajan D, Yang J, Chen IA, Kura S, Magnain C, Augustinack JC, Fischl B, Greve DN, Boas DA, Wang H. Scalable mapping of myelin and neuron density in the human brain with micrometer resolution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:363. [PMID: 35013441 PMCID: PMC8748995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging 3D imaging technique that allows quantification of intrinsic optical properties such as scattering coefficient and back-scattering coefficient, and has proved useful in distinguishing delicate microstructures in the human brain. The origins of scattering in brain tissues are contributed by the myelin content, neuron size and density primarily; however, no quantitative relationships between them have been reported, which hampers the use of OCT in fundamental studies of architectonic areas in the human brain and the pathological evaluations of diseases. Here, we built a generalized linear model based on Mie scattering theory that quantitatively links tissue scattering to myelin content and neuron density in the human brain. We report a strong linear relationship between scattering coefficient and the myelin content that is retained across different regions of the brain. Neuronal cell body turns out to be a secondary contribution to the overall scattering. The optical property of OCT provides a label-free solution for quantifying volumetric myelin content and neuron cells in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibin Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St Mary's St, Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Divya Varadarajan
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston, 02129, USA
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Ichun Anderson Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston, 02129, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston, 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston, 02129, USA
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston, 02129, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St Mary's St, Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Boston, 02129, USA.
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16
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Llamas-Rodríguez J, Oltmer J, Greve DN, Williams E, Slepneva N, Wang R, Champion S, Lang-Orsini M, Fischl B, Frosch MP, van der Kouwe AJ, Augustinack JC. Entorhinal Subfield Vulnerability to Neurofibrillary Tangles in Aging and the Preclinical Stage of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1379-1399. [PMID: 35491780 PMCID: PMC9198759 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) accumulation in the entorhinal cortex (EC) precedes the transformation from cognitive controls to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While tauopathy has been described in the EC before, the order and degree to which the individual subfields within the EC are engulfed by NFTs in aging and the preclinical AD stage is unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate substructures within the EC to map the populations of cortical neurons most vulnerable to tau pathology in aging and the preclinical AD stage. METHODS We characterized phosphorylated tau (CP13) in 10 cases at eight well-defined anterior-posterior levels and assessed NFT density within the eight entorhinal subfields (described by Insausti and colleagues) at the preclinical stages of AD. We validated with immunohistochemistry and labeled the NFT density ratings on ex vivo MRIs. We measured subfield cortical thickness and reconstructed the labels as three-dimensional isosurfaces, resulting in anatomically comprehensive, histopathologically validated tau "heat maps." RESULTS We found the lateral EC subfields ELc, ECL, and ECs (lateral portion) to have the highest tau density in semi-quantitative scores and quantitative measurements. We observed significant stepwise higher tau from anterior to posterior levels (p < 0.001). We report an age-dependent anatomically-specific vulnerability, with all cases showing posterior tau pathology, yet older individuals displaying an additional anterior tau burden. Finally, cortical thickness of each subfield negatively correlated with respective tau scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that posterior-lateral subfields within the EC are the most vulnerable to early NFTs and atrophy in aging and preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Llamas-Rodríguez
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jan Oltmer
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emily Williams
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Natalya Slepneva
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ruopeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Champion
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Lang-Orsini
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- CSAIL/HST, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Department of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André J.W. van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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17
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Greve DN, Billot B, Cordero D, Hoopes A, Hoffmann M, Dalca AV, Fischl B, Iglesias JE, Augustinack JC. A deep learning toolbox for automatic segmentation of subcortical limbic structures from MRI images. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118610. [PMID: 34571161 PMCID: PMC8643077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A tool was developed to automatically segment several subcortical limbic structures (nucleus accumbens, basal forebrain, septal nuclei, hypothalamus without mammillary bodies, the mammillary bodies, and fornix) using only a T1-weighted MRI as input. This tool fills an unmet need as there are few, if any, publicly available tools to segment these clinically relevant structures. A U-Net with spatial, intensity, contrast, and noise augmentation was trained using 39 manually labeled MRI data sets. In general, the Dice scores, true positive rates, false discovery rates, and manual-automatic volume correlation were very good relative to comparable tools for other structures. A diverse data set of 698 subjects were segmented using the tool; evaluation of the resulting labelings showed that the tool failed in less than 1% of cases. Test-retest reliability of the tool was excellent. The automatically segmented volume of all structures except mammillary bodies showed effectiveness at detecting either clinical AD effects, age effects, or both. This tool will be publicly released with FreeSurfer (surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/ScLimbic). Together with the other cortical and subcortical limbic segmentations, this tool will allow FreeSurfer to provide a comprehensive view of the limbic system in an automated way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Benjamin Billot
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - Devani Cordero
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Hoopes
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malte Hoffmann
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrian V Dalca
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA
| | - Juan Eugenio Iglesias
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA; Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Radiology Department, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Sämann PG, Iglesias JE, Gutman B, Grotegerd D, Leenings R, Flint C, Dannlowski U, Clarke‐Rubright EK, Morey RA, Erp TG, Whelan CD, Han LKM, Velzen LS, Cao B, Augustinack JC, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N, Schmaal L. FreeSurfer
‐based segmentation of hippocampal subfields: A review of methods and applications, with a novel quality control procedure for
ENIGMA
studies and other collaborative efforts. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:207-233. [PMID: 33368865 PMCID: PMC8805696 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural hippocampal abnormalities are common in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, and variation in hippocampal measures is related to cognitive performance and other complex phenotypes such as stress sensitivity. Hippocampal subregions are increasingly studied, as automated algorithms have become available for mapping and volume quantification. In the context of the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis Consortium, several Disease Working Groups are using the FreeSurfer software to analyze hippocampal subregion (subfield) volumes in patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions along with data from matched controls. In this overview, we explain the algorithm's principles, summarize measurement reliability studies, and demonstrate two additional aspects (subfield autocorrelation and volume/reliability correlation) with illustrative data. We then explain the rationale for a standardized hippocampal subfield segmentation quality control (QC) procedure for improved pipeline harmonization. To guide researchers to make optimal use of the algorithm, we discuss how global size and age effects can be modeled, how QC steps can be incorporated and how subfields may be aggregated into composite volumes. This discussion is based on a synopsis of 162 published neuroimaging studies (01/2013–12/2019) that applied the FreeSurfer hippocampal subfield segmentation in a broad range of domains including cognition and healthy aging, brain development and neurodegeneration, affective disorders, psychosis, stress regulation, neurotoxicity, epilepsy, inflammatory disease, childhood adversity and posttraumatic stress disorder, and candidate and whole genome (epi‐)genetics. Finally, we highlight points where FreeSurfer‐based hippocampal subfield studies may be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Eugenio Iglesias
- Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London UK
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts US
- Computer Science and AI Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge Massachusetts US
| | - Boris Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA
| | | | - Ramona Leenings
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Claas Flint
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Münster Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Emily K. Clarke‐Rubright
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Theo G.M. Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior University of California Irvine California USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California Irvine Irvine California USA
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Laura S. Velzen
- Orygen Parkville Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts US
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen Parkville Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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19
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Jacobs HIL, Augustinack JC, Schultz AP, Hanseeuw BJ, Locascio J, Amariglio RE, Papp KV, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA. The presubiculum links incipient amyloid and tau pathology to memory function in older persons. Neurology 2020; 94:e1916-e1928. [PMID: 32273431 PMCID: PMC7274925 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the hippocampal subregions linking initial amyloid and tau pathology to memory performance in clinically normal older individuals, reflecting preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS A total of 127 individuals from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (mean age 76.22 ± 6.42 years, 68 women [53.5%]) with a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0, a flortaucipir tau-PET scan, a Pittsburgh compound B amyloid-PET scan, a structural MRI scan, and cognitive testing were included. From these images, we calculated neocortical, hippocampal, and entorhinal amyloid pathology; entorhinal and hippocampal tau pathology; and the volumes of 6 hippocampal subregions and total hippocampal volume. Memory was assessed with the selective reminding test. Mediation and moderation analyses modeled associations between regional markers and memory. Analyses included covariates for age, sex, and education. RESULTS Neocortical amyloid, entorhinal tau, and presubiculum volume univariately associated with memory performance. The relationship between neocortical amyloid and memory was mediated by entorhinal tau and presubiculum volume, which was modified by hippocampal amyloid burden. With other biomarkers held constant, presubiculum volume was the only marker predicting memory performance in the total sample and in individuals with elevated hippocampal amyloid burden. CONCLUSIONS The presubiculum captures unique AD-related biological variation that is not reflected in total hippocampal volume. Presubiculum volume may be a promising marker of imminent memory problems and can contribute to understanding the interaction between incipient AD-related pathologies and memory performance. The modulation by hippocampal amyloid suggests that amyloid is a necessary, but not sufficient, process to drive neurodegeneration in memory-related regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi I L Jacobs
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph Locascio
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rebecca E Amariglio
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keith A Johnson
- From the Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., A.P.S., K.A.J.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (H.I.L.J., J.C.A., A.P.S., B.J.H., R.A.S.), The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, and Department of Neurology/Biostatistics (J.L., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (H.I.L.J.), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (B.J.H., R.A.E., K.V.P., D.M.R., R.A.S., K.A.J.), Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Neurology (B.J.H.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Aganj I, Frau-Pascual A, Iglesias JE, Yendiki A, Augustinack JC, Salat DH, Fischl B. COMPENSATORY BRAIN CONNECTION DISCOVERY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging 2020; 2020:283-287. [PMID: 32587665 PMCID: PMC7316404 DOI: 10.1109/isbi45749.2020.9098440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the specific brain networks that are vulnerable or resilient in neurodegenerative diseases can help to better understand the disease effects and derive new connectomic imaging biomarkers. In this work, we use brain connectivity to find pairs of structural connections that are negatively correlated with each other across Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy populations. Such anti-correlated brain connections can be informative for identification of compensatory neuronal pathways and the mechanism of brain networks' resilience to AD. We find significantly anti-correlated connections in a public diffusion-MRI database, and then validate the results on other databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Aganj
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Aina Frau-Pascual
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Juan E Iglesias
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Center for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - David H Salat
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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21
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Singh K, Indovina I, Augustinack JC, Nestor K, García-Gomar MG, Staab JP, Bianciardi M. Probabilistic Template of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus, Medial Parabrachial Nucleus, Vestibular Nuclei Complex, and Medullary Viscero-Sensory-Motor Nuclei Complex in Living Humans From 7 Tesla MRI. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1425. [PMID: 32038134 PMCID: PMC6989551 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral parabrachial nucleus, medial parabrachial nucleus, vestibular nuclei complex, and medullary viscero-sensory-motor (VSM) nuclei complex (the latter including among others the solitary nucleus, vagus nerve nucleus, and hypoglossal nucleus) are anatomically and functionally connected brainstem gray matter structures that convey signals across multiple modalities between the brain and the spinal cord to regulate vital bodily functions. It is remarkably difficult to precisely extrapolate the location of these nuclei from ex vivo atlases to conventional 3 Tesla in vivo images; thus, a probabilistic brainstem template in stereotaxic neuroimaging space in living humans is needed. We delineated these nuclei using single-subject high contrast 1.1 mm isotropic resolution 7 Tesla MRI images. After precise coregistration of nuclei labels to stereotaxic space, we generated a probabilistic template of their anatomical locations. Finally, we validated the nuclei labels in the template by assessing their inter-rater agreement, consistency across subjects and volumes. We also performed a preliminary comparison of their location and microstructural properties to histologic sections of a postmortem human brainstem specimen. In future, the resulting probabilistic template of these brainstem nuclei in stereotaxic space may assist researchers and clinicians in evaluating autonomic, vestibular and VSM nuclei structure, function and connectivity in living humans using conventional 3 Tesla MRI scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Iole Indovina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimberly Nestor
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - María G García-Gomar
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Staab
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Olsen RK, Carr VA, Daugherty AM, La Joie R, Amaral RS, Amunts K, Augustinack JC, Bakker A, Bender AR, Berron D, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren AC, Chakravarty MM, Chételat G, de Flores R, DeKraker J, Ding SL, Geerlings MI, Huang Y, Insausti R, Johnson EG, Kanel P, Kedo O, Kennedy KM, Keresztes A, Lee JK, Lindenberger U, Mueller SG, Mulligan EM, Ofen N, Palombo DJ, Pasquini L, Pluta J, Raz N, Rodrigue KM, Schlichting ML, Lee Shing Y, Stark CE, Steve TA, Suthana NA, Wang L, Werkle-Bergner M, Yushkevich PA, Yu Q, Wisse LE. Progress update from the hippocampal subfields group. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2019; 11:439-449. [PMID: 31245529 PMCID: PMC6581847 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterogeneity of segmentation protocols for medial temporal lobe regions and hippocampal subfields on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging hinders the ability to integrate findings across studies. We aim to develop a harmonized protocol based on expert consensus and histological evidence. METHODS Our international working group, funded by the EU Joint Programme-Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), is working toward the production of a reliable, validated, harmonized protocol for segmentation of medial temporal lobe regions. The working group uses a novel postmortem data set and online consensus procedures to ensure validity and facilitate adoption. RESULTS This progress report describes the initial results and milestones that we have achieved to date, including the development of a draft protocol and results from the initial reliability tests and consensus procedures. DISCUSSION A harmonized protocol will enable the standardization of segmentation methods across laboratories interested in medial temporal lobe research worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna K. Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie A. Carr
- Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert S.C. Amaral
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Hospital Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew R. Bender
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David Berron
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marina Boccardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C. Burggren
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Hospital Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Université Normandie, Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S U1237, Caen, France
- GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Robin de Flores
- Université Normandie, Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale (INSERM), UMR-S U1237, Caen, France
| | - Jordan DeKraker
- Robarts Research Institute, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mirjam I. Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Radiology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olga Kedo
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristen M. Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joshua K. Lee
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Max Planck – University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany and London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne G. Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniela J. Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Pasquini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Pluta
- Division of Translational Medicine and Genomics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen M. Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Yee Lee Shing
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Trevor A. Steve
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nanthia A. Suthana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul A. Yushkevich
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qijing Yu
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laura E.M. Wisse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Edlow BL, Mareyam A, Horn A, Polimeni JR, Witzel T, Tisdall MD, Augustinack JC, Stockmann JP, Diamond BR, Stevens A, Tirrell LS, Folkerth RD, Wald LL, Fischl B, van der Kouwe A. 7 Tesla MRI of the ex vivo human brain at 100 micron resolution. Sci Data 2019; 6:244. [PMID: 31666530 PMCID: PMC6821740 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an ultra-high resolution MRI dataset of an ex vivo human brain specimen. The brain specimen was donated by a 58-year-old woman who had no history of neurological disease and died of non-neurological causes. After fixation in 10% formalin, the specimen was imaged on a 7 Tesla MRI scanner at 100 µm isotropic resolution using a custom-built 31-channel receive array coil. Single-echo multi-flip Fast Low-Angle SHot (FLASH) data were acquired over 100 hours of scan time (25 hours per flip angle), allowing derivation of synthesized FLASH volumes. This dataset provides an unprecedented view of the three-dimensional neuroanatomy of the human brain. To optimize the utility of this resource, we warped the dataset into standard stereotactic space. We now distribute the dataset in both native space and stereotactic space to the academic community via multiple platforms. We envision that this dataset will have a broad range of investigational, educational, and clinical applications that will advance understanding of human brain anatomy in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Edlow
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Azma Mareyam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders & Neuromodulation Section, Department for Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Thomas Witzel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jason P Stockmann
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bram R Diamond
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Allison Stevens
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Lee S Tirrell
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Rebecca D Folkerth
- City of New York Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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24
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Wang H, Magnain C, Wang R, Dubb J, Varjabedian A, Tirrell LS, Stevens A, Augustinack JC, Konukoglu E, Aganj I, Frosch MP, Schmahmann JD, Fischl B, Boas DA. as-PSOCT: Volumetric microscopic imaging of human brain architecture and connectivity. Neuroimage 2017; 165:56-68. [PMID: 29017866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) with serial sectioning has enabled the investigation of 3D structures in mouse and human brain tissue samples. By using intrinsic optical properties of back-scattering and birefringence, PSOCT reliably images cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and fiber orientations. In this study, we developed a fully automatic serial sectioning polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (as-PSOCT) system to enable volumetric reconstruction of human brain samples with unprecedented sample size and resolution. The 3.5 μm in-plane resolution and 50 μm through-plane voxel size allow inspection of cortical layers that are a single-cell in width, as well as small crossing fibers. We show the abilities of as-PSOCT in quantifying layer thicknesses of the cerebellar cortex and creating microscopic tractography of intricate fiber networks in the subcortical nuclei and internal capsule regions, all based on volumetric reconstructions. as-PSOCT provides a viable tool for studying quantitative cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture and mapping connectivity with microscopic resolution in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ruopeng Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jay Dubb
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ani Varjabedian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lee S Tirrell
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Allison Stevens
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ender Konukoglu
- Computer Vision Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iman Aganj
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; MIT Computer Science and AI Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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25
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Saygin ZM, Kliemann D, Iglesias JE, van der Kouwe AJW, Boyd E, Reuter M, Stevens A, Van Leemput K, McKee A, Frosch MP, Fischl B, Augustinack JC. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging reveals nuclei of the human amygdala: manual segmentation to automatic atlas. Neuroimage 2017; 155:370-382. [PMID: 28479476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is composed of multiple nuclei with unique functions and connections in the limbic system and to the rest of the brain. However, standard in vivo neuroimaging tools to automatically delineate the amygdala into its multiple nuclei are still rare. By scanning postmortem specimens at high resolution (100-150µm) at 7T field strength (n = 10), we were able to visualize and label nine amygdala nuclei (anterior amygdaloid, cortico-amygdaloid transition area; basal, lateral, accessory basal, central, cortical medial, paralaminar nuclei). We created an atlas from these labels using a recently developed atlas building algorithm based on Bayesian inference. This atlas, which will be released as part of FreeSurfer, can be used to automatically segment nine amygdala nuclei from a standard resolution structural MR image. We applied this atlas to two publicly available datasets (ADNI and ABIDE) with standard resolution T1 data, used individual volumetric data of the amygdala nuclei as the measure and found that our atlas i) discriminates between Alzheimer's disease participants and age-matched control participants with 84% accuracy (AUC=0.915), and ii) discriminates between individuals with autism and age-, sex- and IQ-matched neurotypically developed control participants with 59.5% accuracy (AUC=0.59). For both datasets, the new ex vivo atlas significantly outperformed (all p < .05) estimations of the whole amygdala derived from the segmentation in FreeSurfer 5.1 (ADNI: 75%, ABIDE: 54% accuracy), as well as classification based on whole amygdala volume (using the sum of all amygdala nuclei volumes; ADNI: 81%, ABIDE: 55% accuracy). This new atlas and the segmentation tools that utilize it will provide neuroimaging researchers with the ability to explore the function and connectivity of the human amygdala nuclei with unprecedented detail in healthy adults as well as those with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Saygin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology/ McGovern Institute, 43 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - D Kliemann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology/ McGovern Institute, 43 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - J E Iglesias
- University College London, Dept. Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Translational Imaging Group, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Paseo Mikeletegi 69, 20009 Donostia - San Sebastian, Spain
| | - A J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - E Boyd
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - M Reuter
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - A Stevens
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - K Van Leemput
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A McKee
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, MA 02130, USA
| | - M P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Pathology Service, MGH, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Fischl
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; MIT Computer Science and AI Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J C Augustinack
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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26
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Lindemer ER, Greve DN, Fischl BR, Augustinack JC, Salat DH. Regional staging of white matter signal abnormalities in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 14:156-165. [PMID: 28180074 PMCID: PMC5279704 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
White matter lesions, quantified as 'white matter signal abnormalities' (WMSA) on neuroimaging, are common incidental findings on brain images of older adults. This tissue damage is linked to cerebrovascular dysfunction and is associated with cognitive decline. The regional distribution of WMSA throughout the cerebral white matter has been described at a gross scale; however, to date no prior study has described regional patterns relative to cortical gyral landmarks which may be important for understanding functional impact. Additionally, no prior study has described how regional WMSA volume scales with total global WMSA. Such information could be used in the creation of a pathologic 'staging' of WMSA through a detailed regional characterization at the individual level. Magnetic resonance imaging data from 97 cognitively-healthy older individuals (OC) aged 52-90 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study were processed using a novel WMSA labeling procedure described in our prior work. WMSA were quantified regionally using a procedure that segments the cerebral white matter into 35 bilateral units based on proximity to landmarks in the cerebral cortex. An initial staging was performed by quantifying the regional WMSA volume in four groups based on quartiles of total WMSA volume (quartiles I-IV). A consistent spatial pattern of WMSA accumulation was observed with increasing quartile. A clustering procedure was then used to distinguish regions based on patterns of scaling of regional WMSA to global WMSA. Three patterns were extracted that showed high, medium, and non-scaling with global WMSA. Regions in the high-scaling cluster included periventricular, caudal and rostral middle frontal, inferior and superior parietal, supramarginal, and precuneus white matter. A data-driven staging procedure was then created based on patterns of WMSA scaling and specific regional cut-off values from the quartile analyses. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were then additionally staged, and significant differences in the percent of each diagnostic group in Stages I and IV were observed, with more AD individuals residing in Stage IV and more OC and MCI individuals residing in Stage I. These data demonstrate a consistent regional scaling relationship between global and regional WMSA that can be used to classify individuals into one of four stages of white matter disease. White matter staging could play an important role in a better understanding and the treatment of cerebrovascular contributions to brain aging and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Lindemer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R. Fischl
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H. Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Lindemer ER, Greve DN, Fischl B, Augustinack JC, Salat DH. Differential Regional Distribution of Juxtacortical White Matter Signal Abnormalities in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:293-303. [PMID: 28222518 PMCID: PMC5534349 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) (also known as 'hyperintensities') on MRI are commonly seen in normal aging and increases have been noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether there is a spatial specificity to these increases is unknown. OBJECTIVE To discern whether or not there is a spatial pattern of WMSA in the brains of individuals with AD that differs from those who exhibit cognitively healthy aging. METHOD Structural MRI data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative public database were used to quantify WMSA in 35 regions of interest (ROIs). Regional measures were compared between cognitively healthy older controls (OC; n = 107) and individuals with a clinical diagnosis of AD (n = 127). Regional WMSA volume was also assessed in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 74) who were 6, 12, and 24 months away from AD conversion. RESULTS WMSA volume was significantly greater in AD compared to OC in 24 out of 35 ROIs after controlling for age, and nine were significantly higher after normalizing for total WMSA. Regions with greater WMSA volume in AD included rostral frontal, inferior temporal, and inferior parietal WM. In MCI, frontal and temporal regions demonstrated significantly greater WMSA volume with decreasing time-to-AD-conversion. DISCUSSION Individuals with AD have greater regional volume of WMSA compared to OC regardless of age or total WMSA volume. Accumulation of regional WMSA is linked to time to AD conversion in individuals with MCI. These findings indicate WMSA is an important pathological component of AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Lindemer
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H. Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Wisse LE, Daugherty AM, Olsen RK, Berron D, Carr VA, Stark CE, Amaral RS, Amunts K, Augustinack JC, Bender AR, Bernstein JD, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren A, Chakravarty MM, Chupin M, Ekstrom A, de Flores R, Insausti R, Kanel P, Kedo O, Kennedy KM, Kerchner GA, LaRocque KF, Liu X, Maass A, Malykhin N, Mueller SG, Ofen N, Palombo DJ, Parekh MB, Pluta JB, Pruessner JC, Raz N, Rodrigue KM, Schoemaker D, Shafer AT, Steve TA, Suthana N, Wang L, Winterburn JL, Yassa MA, Yushkevich PA, la Joie R. A harmonized segmentation protocol for hippocampal and parahippocampal subregions: Why do we need one and what are the key goals? Hippocampus 2017; 27:3-11. [PMID: 27862600 PMCID: PMC5167633 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled in vivo research in a variety of populations and diseases on the structure and function of hippocampal subfields and subdivisions of the parahippocampal gyrus. Because of the many extant and highly discrepant segmentation protocols, comparing results across studies is difficult. To overcome this barrier, the Hippocampal Subfields Group was formed as an international collaboration with the aim of developing a harmonized protocol for manual segmentation of hippocampal and parahippocampal subregions on high-resolution MRI. In this commentary we discuss the goals for this protocol and the associated key challenges involved in its development. These include differences among existing anatomical reference materials, striking the right balance between reliability of measurements and anatomical validity, and the development of a versatile protocol that can be adopted for the study of populations varying in age and health. The commentary outlines these key challenges, as well as the proposed solution of each, with concrete examples from our working plan. Finally, with two examples, we illustrate how the harmonized protocol, once completed, is expected to impact the field by producing measurements that are quantitatively comparable across labs and by facilitating the synthesis of findings across different studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E.M. Wisse
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Rosanna K. Olsen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Berron
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerie A. Carr
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
- Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose, USA
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Robert S.C. Amaral
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Andrew R. Bender
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D. Bernstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Marina Boccardi
- LANVIE Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Alison Burggren
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie Chupin
- INSERM, CNRS, UMR-S975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Arne Ekstrom
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Robin de Flores
- INSERM U1077, Université de Caen Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Olga Kedo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kristen M. Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - Xiuwen Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Anne Maass
- School of Public Health and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Nicolai Malykhin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- The Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susanne G. Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
| | - Noa Ofen
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Mansi B. Parekh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - John B. Pluta
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jens C. Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Naftali Raz
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Karen M. Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
| | - Dorothee Schoemaker
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea T. Shafer
- Psychology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Trevor A. Steve
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Julie L. Winterburn
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Paul A. Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Renaud la Joie
- INSERM U1077, Université de Caen Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
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Abstract
Postmortem imaging refers to scanning autopsy specimens using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or optical imaging. This chapter summarizes postmortem imaging and its usefulness in brain mapping. Standard in vivo MRI has limited resolution due to time constraints and does not deliver cortical boundaries (e.g., Brodmann areas). Postmortem imaging offers a means to obtain ultra-high-resolution images with appropriate contrast for delineating cortical regions. Postmortem imaging provides the ability to validate MRI properties against histologic stained sections. This approach has enabled probabilistic mapping that is based on ex vivo MRI contrast, validated to histology, and subsequently mapped on to an in vivo model. This chapter emphasizes structural imaging, which can be validated with histologic assessment. Postmortem imaging has been applied to neuropathologic studies as well. This chapter includes many ex vivo studies, but focuses on studies of the medial temporal lobe, often involved in neurologic disease. New research using optical imaging is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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30
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Raslau FD, Augustinack JC, Klein AP, Ulmer JL, Mathews VP, Mark LP. Memory Part 3: The Role of the Fornix and Clinical Cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1604-8. [PMID: 26045575 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F D Raslau
- From the Department of Radiology (F.D.R.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - J C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology (J.C.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.C.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A P Klein
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J L Ulmer
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - V P Mathews
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - L P Mark
- Department of Radiology (A.P.K., J.L.U., V.P.M., L.P.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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31
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Yushkevich PA, Amaral RSC, Augustinack JC, Bender AR, Bernstein JD, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren AC, Carr VA, Chakravarty MM, Chételat G, Daugherty AM, Davachi L, Ding SL, Ekstrom A, Geerlings MI, Hassan A, Huang Y, Iglesias JE, La Joie R, Kerchner GA, LaRocque KF, Libby LA, Malykhin N, Mueller SG, Olsen RK, Palombo DJ, Parekh MB, Pluta JB, Preston AR, Pruessner JC, Ranganath C, Raz N, Schlichting ML, Schoemaker D, Singh S, Stark CEL, Suthana N, Tompary A, Turowski MM, Van Leemput K, Wagner AD, Wang L, Winterburn JL, Wisse LEM, Yassa MA, Zeineh MM. Quantitative comparison of 21 protocols for labeling hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal subregions in in vivo MRI: towards a harmonized segmentation protocol. Neuroimage 2015; 111:526-41. [PMID: 25596463 PMCID: PMC4387011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increasing number of human in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have focused on examining the structure and function of the subfields of the hippocampal formation (the dentate gyrus, CA fields 1-3, and the subiculum) and subregions of the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices). The ability to interpret the results of such studies and to relate them to each other would be improved if a common standard existed for labeling hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal subregions. Currently, research groups label different subsets of structures and use different rules, landmarks, and cues to define their anatomical extents. This paper characterizes, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the variability in the existing manual segmentation protocols for labeling hippocampal and parahippocampal substructures in MRI, with the goal of guiding subsequent work on developing a harmonized substructure segmentation protocol. METHOD MRI scans of a single healthy adult human subject were acquired both at 3 T and 7 T. Representatives from 21 research groups applied their respective manual segmentation protocols to the MRI modalities of their choice. The resulting set of 21 segmentations was analyzed in a common anatomical space to quantify similarity and identify areas of agreement. RESULTS The differences between the 21 protocols include the region within which segmentation is performed, the set of anatomical labels used, and the extents of specific anatomical labels. The greatest overall disagreement among the protocols is at the CA1/subiculum boundary, and disagreement across all structures is greatest in the anterior portion of the hippocampal formation relative to the body and tail. CONCLUSIONS The combined examination of the 21 protocols in the same dataset suggests possible strategies towards developing a harmonized subfield segmentation protocol and facilitates comparison between published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Robert S C Amaral
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Bernstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, USA
| | - Marina Boccardi
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alison C Burggren
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Canada
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM U1077, Universitè de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; Psychology Department, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, New York University, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, USA
| | | | - Arne Ekstrom
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Abdul Hassan
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Eugenio Iglesias
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Renaud La Joie
- INSERM U1077, Universitè de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA; Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, USA
| | | | - Laura A Libby
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Nikolai Malykhin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susanne G Mueller
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | | | - John B Pluta
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison R Preston
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; Psychology Department, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Margaret L Schlichting
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA; Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Dorothee Schoemaker
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Sachi Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Marta M Turowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Koen Van Leemput
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Julie L Winterburn
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Magnain C, Augustinack JC, Konukoglu E, Frosch MP, Sakadžić S, Varjabedian A, Garcia N, Wedeen VJ, Boas DA, Fischl B. Optical coherence tomography visualizes neurons in human entorhinal cortex. Neurophotonics 2015; 2:015004. [PMID: 25741528 PMCID: PMC4346095 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.1.015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytoarchitecture of the human brain is of great interest in diverse fields: neuroanatomy, neurology, neuroscience, and neuropathology. Traditional histology is a method that has been historically used to assess cell and fiber content in the ex vivo human brain. However, this technique suffers from significant distortions. We used a previously demonstrated optical coherence microscopy technique to image individual neurons in several square millimeters of en-face tissue blocks from layer II of the human entorhinal cortex, over 50 µm in depth. The same slices were then sectioned and stained for Nissl substance. We registered the optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the corresponding Nissl stained slices using a nonlinear transformation. The neurons were then segmented in both images and we quantified the overlap. We show that OCT images contain information about neurons that is comparable to what can be obtained from Nissl staining, and thus can be used to assess the cytoarchitecture of the ex vivo human brain with minimal distortion. With the future integration of a vibratome into the OCT imaging rig, this technique can be scaled up to obtain undistorted volumetric data of centimeter cube tissue blocks in the near term, and entire human hemispheres in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Magnain
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Caroline Magnain, E-mail:
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Ender Konukoglu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Pathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Warren Building 225, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Ani Varjabedian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Nathalie Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Van J. Wedeen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- MIT, Computer Science and AI Laboratory, the Stata Center, Building 32, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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33
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Augustinack JC, van der Kouwe AJW, Salat DH, Benner T, Stevens AA, Annese J, Fischl B, Frosch MP, Corkin S. H.M.'s contributions to neuroscience: a review and autopsy studies. Hippocampus 2014; 24:1267-86. [PMID: 25154857 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
H.M., Henry Molaison, was one of the world's most famous amnesic patients. His amnesia was caused by an experimental brain operation, bilateral medial temporal lobe resection, carried out in 1953 to relieve intractable epilepsy. He died on December 2, 2008, and that night we conducted a wide variety of in situ MRI scans in a 3 T scanner at the Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging. For the in situ experiments, we acquired a full set of standard clinical scans, 1 mm isotropic anatomical scans, and multiple averages of 440 μm isotropic anatomical scans. The next morning, H.M.'s body was transported to the Mass General Morgue for autopsy. The photographs taken at that time provided the first documentation of H.M.'s lesions in his physical brain. After tissue fixation, we obtained ex vivo structural data at ultra-high resolution using 3 T and 7 T magnets. For the ex vivo acquisitions, the highest resolution images were 210 μm isotropic. Based on the MRI data, the anatomical areas removed during H.M.'s experimental operation were the medial temporopolar cortex, piriform cortex, virtually all of the entorhinal cortex, most of the perirhinal cortex and subiculum, the amygdala (except parts of the dorsal-most nuclei-central and medial), anterior half of the hippocampus, and the dentate gyrus (posterior head and body). The posterior parahippocampal gyrus and medial temporal stem were partially damaged. Spared medial temporal lobe tissue included the dorsal-most amygdala, the hippocampal-amygdalo-transition-area, ∼2 cm of the tail of the hippocampus, a small part of perirhinal cortex, a small portion of medial hippocampal tissue, and ∼2 cm of posterior parahippocampal gyrus. H.M.'s impact on the field of memory has been remarkable, and his contributions to neuroscience continue with a unique dataset that includes in vivo, in situ, and ex vivo high-resolution MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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Augustinack JC, van der Kouwe AJW, Fischl B. Medial temporal cortices in ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging. J Comp Neurol 2014; 521:4177-88. [PMID: 23881818 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modeling of medial temporal cortices and associated structures, the entorhinal verrucae and the perforant pathway. Typical in vivo MRI has limited resolution due to constraints on scan times and does not show laminae in the medial temporal lobe. Recent studies using ex vivo MRI have demonstrated lamina in the entorhinal, perirhinal, and hippocampal cortices. These studies have enabled probabilistic brain mapping that is based on the ex vivo MRI contrast, validated to histology, and subsequently mapped onto an in vivo spherically warped surface model. Probabilistic maps are applicable to other in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, MGH, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
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Magnain C, Augustinack JC, Reuter M, Wachinger C, Frosch MP, Ragan T, Akkin T, Wedeen VJ, Boas DA, Fischl B. Blockface histology with optical coherence tomography: a comparison with Nissl staining. Neuroimage 2013; 84:524-33. [PMID: 24041872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a high resolution imaging technique that generates excellent contrast based on intrinsic optical properties of the tissue, such as neurons and fibers. The SD-OCT data acquisition is performed directly on the tissue block, diminishing the need for cutting, mounting and staining. We utilized SD-OCT to visualize the laminar structure of the isocortex and compared cortical cytoarchitecture with the gold standard Nissl staining, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In histological processing, distortions routinely affect registration to the blockface image and prevent accurate 3D reconstruction of regions of tissue. We compared blockface registration to SD-OCT and Nissl, respectively, and found that SD-OCT-blockface registration was significantly more accurate than Nissl-blockface registration. Two independent observers manually labeled cortical laminae (e.g. III, IV and V) in SD-OCT images and Nissl stained sections. Our results show that OCT images exhibit sufficient contrast in the cortex to reliably differentiate the cortical layers. Furthermore, the modalities were compared with regard to cortical laminar organization and showed good agreement. Taken together, these SD-OCT results suggest that SD-OCT contains information comparable to standard histological stains such as Nissl in terms of distinguishing cortical layers and architectonic areas. Given these data, we propose that SD-OCT can be used to reliably generate 3D reconstructions of multiple cubic centimeters of cortex that can be used to accurately and semi-automatically perform standard histological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Magnain
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Augustinack JC, Magnain C, Reuter M, van der Kouwe AJW, Boas D, Fischl B. MRI parcellation of ex vivo medial temporal lobe. Neuroimage 2013; 93 Pt 2:252-9. [PMID: 23702414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in radio frequency coils, field strength and sophisticated pulse sequences have propelled modern brain mapping and have made validation to biological standards - histology and pathology - possible. The medial temporal lobe has long been established as a pivotal brain region for connectivity, function and unique structure in the human brain, and reveals disconnection in mild Alzheimer's disease. Specific brain mapping of mesocortical areas affected with neurofibrillary tangle pathology early in disease progression provides not only an accurate description for location of these areas but also supplies spherical coordinates that allow comparison between other ex vivo cases and larger in vivo datasets. We have identified several cytoarchitectonic features in the medial temporal lobe with high resolution ex vivo MRI, including gray matter structures such as the entorhinal layer II 'islands', perirhinal layer II-III columns, presubicular 'clouds', granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus as well as lamina of the hippocampus. Localization of Brodmann areas 28 and 35 (entorhinal and perirhinal, respectively) demonstrates MRI based area boundaries validated with multiple methods and histological stains. Based on our findings, both myelin and Nissl staining relate to contrast in ex vivo MRI. Precise brain mapping serves to create modern atlases for cortical areas, allowing accurate localization with important applications to detecting early disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, MGH, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Caroline Magnain
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, MGH, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Martin Reuter
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, MGH, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, MGH, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - David Boas
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, MGH, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, MGH, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; MIT Computer Science and AI Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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McNab JA, Polimeni JR, Wang R, Augustinack JC, Fujimoto K, Stevens A, Triantafyllou C, Janssens T, Farivar R, Folkerth RD, Vanduffel W, Wald LL. Corrigendum to "Surface based analysis of diffusion orientation for identifying architectonic domains in the in vivo human cortex" [NeuroImage 69 (2013) 87-100]. Neuroimage 2013; 81:505. [PMID: 30180375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A McNab
- R.M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruopeng Wang
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean C Augustinack
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyoko Fujimoto
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Stevens
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Triantafyllou
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Janssens
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, K.U. Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reza Farivar
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McGill Vision Research Unit, Department of Opthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rebecca D Folkerth
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, K.U. Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- A.A. Martinos Center for Imaging, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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McNab JA, Polimeni JR, Wang R, Augustinack JC, Fujimoto K, Stevens A, Triantafyllou C, Janssens T, Farivar R, Folkerth RD, Vanduffel W, Wald LL. Surface based analysis of diffusion orientation for identifying architectonic domains in the in vivo human cortex. Neuroimage 2013; 69:87-100. [PMID: 23247190 PMCID: PMC3557597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor MRI is sensitive to the coherent structure of brain tissue and is commonly used to study large-scale white matter structure. Diffusion in gray matter is more isotropic, however, several groups have observed coherent patterns of diffusion anisotropy within the cerebral cortical gray matter. We extend the study of cortical diffusion anisotropy by relating it to the local coordinate system of the folded cerebral cortex. We use 1mm and sub-millimeter isotropic resolution diffusion imaging to perform a laminar analysis of the principal diffusion orientation, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and partial volume effects. Data from 6 in vivo human subjects, a fixed human brain specimen and an anesthetized macaque were examined. Large regions of cortex show a radial diffusion orientation. In vivo human and macaque data displayed a sharp transition from radial to tangential diffusion orientation at the border between primary motor and somatosensory cortex, and some evidence of tangential diffusion in secondary somatosensory cortex and primary auditory cortex. Ex vivo diffusion imaging in a human tissue sample showed some tangential diffusion orientation in S1 but mostly radial diffusion orientations in both M1 and S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A McNab
- R.M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ziegler
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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40
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Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Stevens AA, Roy M, Frosch MP, van der Kouwe AJW, Wald LL, Van Leemput K, McKee AC, Fischl B. Predicting the location of human perirhinal cortex, Brodmann's area 35, from MRI. Neuroimage 2012; 64:32-42. [PMID: 22960087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The perirhinal cortex (Brodmann's area 35) is a multimodal area that is important for normal memory function. Specifically, perirhinal cortex is involved in the detection of novel objects and manifests neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease very early in disease progression. We scanned ex vivo brain hemispheres at standard resolution (1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm) to construct pial/white matter surfaces in FreeSurfer and scanned again at high resolution (120 μm × 120 μm × 120 μm) to determine cortical architectural boundaries. After labeling perirhinal area 35 in the high resolution images, we mapped the high resolution labels to the surface models to localize area 35 in fourteen cases. We validated the area boundaries determined using histological Nissl staining. To test the accuracy of the probabilistic mapping, we measured the Hausdorff distance between the predicted and true labels and found that the median Hausdorff distance was 4.0mm for the left hemispheres (n=7) and 3.2mm for the right hemispheres (n=7) across subjects. To show the utility of perirhinal localization, we mapped our labels to a subset of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset and found decreased cortical thickness measures in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease compared to controls in the predicted perirhinal area 35. Our ex vivo probabilistic mapping of the perirhinal cortex provides histologically validated, automated and accurate labeling of architectonic regions in the medial temporal lobe, and facilitates the analysis of atrophic changes in a large dataset for earlier detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Dept. of Radiology, MGH, 149 13th Street, Charlestown MA 02129 USA.
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Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Postelnicu GM, Kakunoori S, Wang R, van der Kouwe AJW, Wald LL, Stein TD, Frosch MP, Fischl B. Entorhinal verrucae geometry is coincident and correlates with Alzheimer's lesions: a combined neuropathology and high-resolution ex vivo MRI analysis. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 123:85-96. [PMID: 22160360 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Entorhinal cortex displays a distinctive organization in layer II and forms small elevations on its surface called entorhinal verrucae. In Alzheimer's disease, the verrucae disappear due to neurofibrillary tangle formation and neuronal death. Isosurface models were reconstructed from high-resolution ex vivo MRI volumes scanned at 7.0 T and individual verruca were measured quantitatively for height, width, volume, and surface area on control and mild Alzheimer's cases. Mean verruca height was 0.13 ± 0.04 mm for our cognitively normal (controls) sample set whereas for mild AD samples mean height was 0.11 mm ± 0.05 mm (p < 0.001) in entorhinal cortex (n = 10 cases). These quantitative methods were validated by a significant correlation of verrucae height and volume with qualitative verrucae ratings (n = 36 cases). Entorhinal surfaces were significantly different from other cortical heights such as, cingulate, frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal cortices. Colocalization of verrucae with entorhinal islands was confirmed in ex vivo MRI and, moreover, verrucae ratings were negatively correlated to Braak and Braak pathological stage. This study characterizes novel methods to measure individual entorhinal verruca size, and shows that verrucae size correlates to Alzheimer's pathology. Taken together, these results suggest that verrucae may have the potential to serve as an early and specific morphological marker for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149-13th St., Room 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Augustinack JC, Helmer K, Huber KE, Kakunoori S, Zöllei L, Fischl B. Direct visualization of the perforant pathway in the human brain with ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging. Front Hum Neurosci 2010; 4:42. [PMID: 20577631 PMCID: PMC2889718 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging yields high resolution images that reveal detailed cerebral anatomy and explicit cytoarchitecture in the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, and white matter in the human brain. Our data illustrate neuroanatomical correlates of limbic circuitry with high resolution images at high field. In this report, we have studied ex vivo medial temporal lobe samples in high resolution structural MRI and high resolution diffusion MRI. Structural and diffusion MRIs were registered to each other and to histological sections stained for myelin for validation of the perforant pathway. We demonstrate probability maps and fiber tracking from diffusion tensor data that allows the direct visualization of the perforant pathway. Although it is not possible to validate the DTI data with invasive measures, results described here provide an additional line of evidence of the perforant pathway trajectory in the human brain and that the perforant pathway may cross the hippocampal sulcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
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Fischl B, Stevens AA, Rajendran N, Yeo BTT, Greve DN, Van Leemput K, Polimeni JR, Kakunoori S, Buckner RL, Pacheco J, Salat DH, Melcher J, Frosch MP, Hyman BT, Grant PE, Rosen BR, van der Kouwe AJW, Wiggins GC, Wald LL, Augustinack JC. Predicting the location of entorhinal cortex from MRI. Neuroimage 2009; 47:8-17. [PMID: 19376238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Entorhinal cortex (EC) is a medial temporal lobe area critical to memory formation and spatial navigation that is among the earliest parts of the brain affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accurate localization of EC would thus greatly facilitate early detection and diagnosis of AD. In this study, we used ultra-high resolution ex vivo MRI to directly visualize the architectonic features that define EC rostrocaudally and mediolaterally, then applied surface-based registration techniques to quantify the variability of EC with respect to cortical geometry, and made predictions of its location on in vivo scans. The results indicate that EC can be localized quite accurately based on cortical folding patterns, within 3 mm in vivo, a significant step forward in our ability to detect the earliest effects of AD when clinical intervention is most likely to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A Martinos Center, Department of Radiology, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Hinds O, Polimeni JR, Rajendran N, Balasubramanian M, Wald LL, Augustinack JC, Wiggins G, Rosas HD, Fischl B, Schwartz EL. The intrinsic shape of human and macaque primary visual cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 18:2586-95. [PMID: 18308709 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported considerable variability in primary visual cortex (V1) shape in both humans and macaques. Here, we demonstrate that much of this variability is due to the pattern of cortical folds particular to an individual and that V1 shape is similar among individual humans and macaques as well as between these 2 species. Human V1 was imaged ex vivo using high-resolution (200 microm) magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T. Macaque V1 was identified in published histological serial section data. Manual tracings of the stria of Gennari were used to construct a V1 surface, which was computationally flattened with minimal metric distortion of the cortical surface. Accurate flattening allowed investigation of intrinsic geometric features of cortex, which are largely independent of the highly variable cortical folds. The intrinsic shape of V1 was found to be similar across human subjects using both nonparametric boundary matching and a simple elliptical shape model fit to the data and is very close to that of the macaque monkey. This result agrees with predictions derived from current models of V1 topography. In addition, V1 shape similarity suggests that similar developmental mechanisms are responsible for establishing V1 shape in these 2 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hinds
- Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Hinds OP, Rajendran N, Polimeni JR, Augustinack JC, Wiggins G, Wald LL, Diana Rosas H, Potthast A, Schwartz EL, Fischl B. Accurate prediction of V1 location from cortical folds in a surface coordinate system. Neuroimage 2007; 39:1585-99. [PMID: 18055222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated substantial variability of the location of primary visual cortex (V1) in stereotaxic coordinates when linear volume-based registration is used to match volumetric image intensities [Amunts, K., Malikovic, A., Mohlberg, H., Schormann, T., and Zilles, K. (2000). Brodmann's areas 17 and 18 brought into stereotaxic space-where and how variable? Neuroimage, 11(1):66-84]. However, other qualitative reports of V1 location [Smith, G. (1904). The morphology of the occipital region of the cerebral hemisphere in man and the apes. Anatomischer Anzeiger, 24:436-451; Stensaas, S.S., Eddington, D.K., and Dobelle, W.H. (1974). The topography and variability of the primary visual cortex in man. J Neurosurg, 40(6):747-755; Rademacher, J., Caviness, V.S., Steinmetz, H., and Galaburda, A.M. (1993). Topographical variation of the human primary cortices: implications for neuroimaging, brain mapping, and neurobiology. Cereb Cortex, 3(4):313-329] suggested a consistent relationship between V1 and the surrounding cortical folds. Here, the relationship between folds and the location of V1 is quantified using surface-based analysis to generate a probabilistic atlas of human V1. High-resolution (about 200 microm) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 T of ex vivo human cerebral hemispheres allowed identification of the full area via the stria of Gennari: a myeloarchitectonic feature specific to V1. Separate, whole-brain scans were acquired using MRI at 1.5 T to allow segmentation and mesh reconstruction of the cortical gray matter. For each individual, V1 was manually identified in the high-resolution volume and projected onto the cortical surface. Surface-based intersubject registration [Fischl, B., Sereno, M.I., Tootell, R.B., and Dale, A.M. (1999b). High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface. Hum Brain Mapp, 8(4):272-84] was performed to align the primary cortical folds of individual hemispheres to those of a reference template representing the average folding pattern. An atlas of V1 location was constructed by computing the probability of V1 inclusion for each cortical location in the template space. This probabilistic atlas of V1 exhibits low prediction error compared to previous V1 probabilistic atlases built in volumetric coordinates. The increased predictability observed under surface-based registration suggests that the location of V1 is more accurately predicted by the cortical folds than by the shape of the brain embedded in the volume of the skull. In addition, the high quality of this atlas provides direct evidence that surface-based intersubject registration methods are superior to volume-based methods at superimposing functional areas of cortex and therefore are better suited to support multisubject averaging for functional imaging experiments targeting the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Hinds
- Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston University, MA 02215, USA.
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Dickerson BC, Feczko E, Augustinack JC, Pacheco J, Morris JC, Fischl B, Buckner RL. Differential effects of aging and Alzheimer's disease on medial temporal lobe cortical thickness and surface area. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 30:432-40. [PMID: 17869384 PMCID: PMC3703585 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The volume of parcellated cortical regions is a composite measure related to both thickness and surface area. It is not clear whether volumetric decreases in medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortical regions in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are due to thinning, loss of surface area, or both, nor is it clear whether aging and AD differ in their effects on these properties. Participants included 28 Younger Normals, 47 Older Normals, and 29 patients with mild AD. T1-weighted MRI data were analyzed using a novel semi-automated protocol (presented in a companion article) to delineate the boundaries of entorhinal (ERC), perirhinal (PRC), and posterior parahippocampal (PPHC) cortical regions and calculate their mean thickness, surface area, and volume. Compared to Younger Normals, Older Normals demonstrated moderately reduced ERC and PPHC volumes, which were due primarily to reduced surface area. In contrast, the expected AD-related reduction in ERC volume was produced by a large reduction in thickness with minimal additional effect (beyond that of aging) on surface area. PRC and PPHC also showed large AD-related reductions in thickness. Of all these MTL morphometric measures, ERC and PRC thinning were the best predictors of poorer episodic memory performance in AD. Although the volumes of MTL cortical regions may decrease with both aging and AD, thickness is relatively preserved in normal aging, while even in its mild clinical stage, AD is associated with a large degree of thinning of MTL cortex. These differential morphometric effects of aging and AD may reflect distinct biologic processes and ultimately may provide insights into the anatomic substrates of change in memory-related functions of MTL cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Feczko E, Augustinack JC, Fischl B, Dickerson BC. An MRI-based method for measuring volume, thickness and surface area of entorhinal, perirhinal, and posterior parahippocampal cortex. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 30:420-31. [PMID: 17850926 PMCID: PMC3665765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several quantitative MRI-based protocols have been developed for measuring the volume of entorhinal (ERC), perirhinal (PRC), and posterior parahippocampal (PPHC) cortex. However, since the volume of a cortical region is a composite measure, relating directly to both thickness and surface area, it would be ideal to be able to quantify all of these morphometric measures, particularly since disease-related processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may preferentially affect thickness. This study describes a novel protocol for measuring the thickness, surface area, and volume of these three medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions. Participants included 29 younger normal subjects (ages 18-30), 47 older normal subjects (ages 66-90), and 29 patients with mild AD (ages 56-90). Cortical surface models were reconstructed from the gray/white and gray/cerebrospinal fluid boundaries, and a hybrid visualization approach was implemented to trace the ERC, PRC, and PPHC using both orthogonal MRI slice- and cortical surface-based visualization of landmarks. Anatomic variants of the collateral sulcus (CS) were classified in all 105 participants, and the relationship between CS variants and corresponding morphometric measures was examined. One CS variant - deep, uninterrupted CS not connected with nearby sulci - was the most common configuration and was associated with thinner cortex within the ERC and PRC regions. This novel protocol enables the reliable measurement of both the thickness and surface area of ERC, PRC, and PPHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Feczko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bacskai BJ, Frosch MP, Freeman SH, Raymond SB, Augustinack JC, Johnson KA, Irizarry MC, Klunk WE, Mathis CA, Dekosky ST, Greenberg SM, Hyman BT, Growdon JH. Molecular imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B confirmed at autopsy: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 64:431-4. [PMID: 17353389 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.64.3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the correspondence between uptake of Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) in life and measures of beta-amyloid (Abeta) in postmortem tissue analysis. Patient A 76-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies underwent fluorodeoxyglucose (18)F and PiB positron emission tomographic brain scans. Imaging revealed marked region specific binding of PiB and abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Intervention Autopsy was performed 3 months after the PiB scan. RESULTS Autopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis; in addition, there was severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and only moderate numbers of parenchymal Abeta plaques. Biochemical measures revealed a positive correlation between Abeta levels and regional PiB binding. CONCLUSION This report confirms that PiB detects Abeta in the living patient and demonstrates that amyloid deposited as cerebral amyloid angiopathy can be the dominant source of signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Bacskai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Ingelsson M, Ramasamy K, Cantuti-Castelvetri I, Skoglund L, Matsui T, Orne J, Kowa H, Raju S, Vanderburg CR, Augustinack JC, de Silva R, Lees AJ, Lannfelt L, Growdon JH, Frosch MP, Standaert DG, Irizarry MC, Hyman BT. No alteration in tau exon 10 alternative splicing in tangle-bearing neurons of the Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol 2006; 112:439-49. [PMID: 16802167 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defective splicing of tau mRNA, promoting a shift between tau isoforms with (4R tau) and without (3R tau) exon 10, is believed to be a pathological consequence of certain tau mutations causing frontotemporal dementia. By assessing protein and mRNA levels of 4R tau and 3R tau in 27 AD and 20 control temporal cortex, we investigated whether altered tau splicing is a feature also in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, apart from an expected increase of sarcosyl-insoluble tau in AD, there were no significant differences between the groups. Next, by laser-capture microscopy and quantitative PCR, we separately analyzed CA1 hippocampal neurons with and without neurofibrillary pathology from six of the AD and seven of the control brains. No statistically significant differences in 4R tau/3R tau mRNA were found between the different subgroups. Moreover, we confirmed the absence of significant ratio differences in a second data set with laser-captured entorhinal cortex neurons from four AD and four control brains. Finally, the 4R tau/3R tau ratio in CA1 neurons was roughly half of the ratio in temporal cortex, indicating region-specific differences in tau mRNA splicing. In conclusion, this study indicated region-specific and possibly cell-type-specific tau splicing but did not lend any support to overt changes in alternative splicing of tau exon 10 being an underlying factor in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ingelsson
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Augustinack JC, van der Kouwe AJW, Blackwell ML, Salat DH, Wiggins CJ, Frosch MP, Wiggins GC, Potthast A, Wald LL, Fischl BR. Detection of entorhinal layer II using 7Tesla [corrected] magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 2005; 57:489-94. [PMID: 15786476 PMCID: PMC3857582 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex lies in the mediotemporal lobe and has major functional, structural, and clinical significance. The entorhinal cortex has a unique cytoarchitecture with large stellate neurons in layer II that form clusters. The entorhinal cortex receives vast sensory association input, and its major output arises from the layer II and III neurons that form the perforant pathway. Clinically, the neurons in layer II are affected with neurofibrillary tangles, one of the two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. We describe detection of the entorhinal layer II islands using magnetic resonance imaging. We scanned human autopsied temporal lobe blocks in a 7T human scanner using a solenoid coil. In 70 and 100 microm isotropic data, the entorhinal islands were clearly visible throughout the anterior-posterior extent of entorhinal cortex. Layer II islands were prominent in both the magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding histological sections, showing similar size and shape in two types of data. Area borders and island location based on cytoarchitectural features in the mediotemporal lobe were robustly detected using the magnetic resonance images. Our ex vivo results could break ground for high-resolution in vivo scanning that could ultimately benefit early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Augustinack
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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