1
|
Reeves RH, Delabar J, Potier MC, Bhattacharyya A, Head E, Lemere C, Dekker AD, De Deyn P, Caviedes P, Dierssen M, Busciglio J. Paving the Way for Therapy: The Second International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:279-286. [PMID: 30800043 DOI: 10.1159/000494231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a number of important research advances in different fields have allowed Down syndrome (DS) research to flourish, creating a time of both unparalleled opportunity and considerable challenge. Building a scientific framework that distills mechanisms involved in the developmental intellectual disability of DS as well as the early-onset component of Alzheimer disease and the several other comorbidities associated with the condition is a challenge that scientists are now tackling using novel technologies and multidisciplinary approaches. The Trisomy 21 Research Society (T21RS) was founded in 2014 to address these evolving needs and challenges. In June of 2017, the T21RS held its 2nd International Conference in Chicago, USA. With more than 200 scientists, advocates, people with DS, and family members in attendance, the meeting served as a forum for the discussion of the latest research and clinical advances as well as the most compelling needs of people with DS and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Reeves
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Alain D Dekker
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Deyn
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Créau N, Cabet E, Daubigney F, Souchet B, Bennaï S, Delabar J. Specific age-related molecular alterations in the cerebellum of Down syndrome mouse models. Brain Res 2016; 1646:342-353. [PMID: 27297494 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, has been modeled with various trisomic and transgenic mice to help understand the consequences of an altered gene dosage in brain development and function. Though Down syndrome has been associated with premature aging, little is known about the molecular and cellular alterations that target brain function. To help identify alterations at specific ages, we analyzed the cerebellum of Ts1Cje mice, trisomic for 77 HSA21 orthologs, at three ages-young (4 months), middle-age (12 months), and old (17 months)-compared to age-matched controls. Quantification of neuronal and glial markers (n=11) revealed increases in GFAP, with an age effect, and S100B, with age and genotype effects. The genotype effect on S100B with age was unexpected as Ts1Cje has only two copies of the S100b gene. Interestingly, the different increase in GFAP observed between Ts1Cje (trisomic segment includes Pcp4 gene) and controls was magnified in TgPCP4 mice (1 extra copy of the human PCP4 gene) at the same age. S100B increase was not found in the TgPCP4 confirming a difference of regulation with aging for GFAP and S100B and excluding the calcium signaling regulator, Pcp4, as a potential candidate for increase of S100B in the Ts1Cje. To understand these differences, comparison of GFAP and S100B immunostainings at young and middle-age were performed. Immunohistochemical detection of differences in GFAP and S100B localization with aging implicate S100B+ oligodendrocytes as a new phenotypic target in this specific aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Créau
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Eva Cabet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Daubigney
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Souchet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Bennaï
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Delabar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potier M, Janel N, Bottlaender M, Corlier F, Corne H, Cruz de Souza L, Lamari F, Blehaut H, Hindie V, Rain JC, Arbones M, Paul JL, Coskun P, Lott I, Busciglio J, Sarazin M, Delabar J. P2‐008: DYRK1A: A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IDENTIFIED IN PLASMA AND LCLS FROM AD AND DS. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pinar Coskun
- Univ. of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Ira Lott
- University of California IrvineOrangeCaliforniaUnited States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomazeau A, Lassalle O, Iafrati J, Souchet B, Guedj F, Janel N, Chavis P, Delabar J, Manzoni OJ. Prefrontal deficits in a murine model overexpressing the down syndrome candidate gene dyrk1a. J Neurosci 2014; 34:1138-47. [PMID: 24453307 PMCID: PMC3953590 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2852-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene Dyrk1a is the mammalian ortholog of Drosophila minibrain. Dyrk1a localizes in the Down syndrome (DS) critical region of chromosome 21q22.2 and is a major candidate for the behavioral and neuronal abnormalities associated with DS. PFC malfunctions are a common denominator in several neuropsychiatric diseases, including DS, but the contribution of DYRK1A in PFC dysfunctions, in particular the synaptic basis for impairments of executive functions reported in DS patients, remains obscure. We quantified synaptic plasticity, biochemical synaptic markers, and dendritic morphology of deep layer pyramidal PFC neurons in adult mBACtgDyrk1a transgenic mice that overexpress Dyrk1a under the control of its own regulatory sequences. We found that overexpression of Dyrk1a largely increased the number of spines on oblique dendrites of pyramidal neurons, as evidenced by augmented spine density, higher PSD95 protein levels, and larger miniature EPSCs. The dendritic alterations were associated with anomalous NMDAR-mediated long-term potentiation and accompanied by a marked reduction in the pCaMKII/CaMKII ratio in mBACtgDyrk1a mice. Retrograde endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD) was ablated in mBACtgDyrk1a mice. Administration of green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin 3-gallate, a potent DYRK1A inhibitor, to adult mBACtgDyrk1a mice normalized long-term potentiation and spine anomalies but not eCB-LTD. However, inhibition of the eCB deactivating enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase normalized eCB-LTD in mBACtgDyrk1a mice. These data shed light on previously undisclosed participation of DYRK1A in adult PFC dendritic structures and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, they suggest its involvement in DS-related endophenotypes and identify new potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Thomazeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U901, Marseille, 13009, France, Université Aix-Marseille UMR S901, Marseille, 13009, France, INMED, Marseille, 13009, France, and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Adaptive Functional Biology, EAC Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 4413, Paris, 75205, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lavaur J, Cossec J, Hoischen A, Stora S, Lecourtois M, Mircher C, Grattau Y, Duyckaerts C, Antonarakis S, Veltman J, Olivo Marin J, Chaumont F, Ripoll C, Delabar J, Paolo G, Potier M. P1‐243: Trisomy for Synaptojanin1 in Down's Syndrome is Functionally Linked to the Enlargement of Early Endosomes, the First Morphological Evidence of Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Cossec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière UPMC/Inserm UMR‐S 975; CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
| | | | | | - Magalie Lecourtois
- InsermU614, IFRMP23, Rouen Institute for Medical Research and Innovation Faculty of MedicineUniversity of RouenRouenFrance
| | | | | | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière UPMC/Inserm UMR‐S 975; CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
| | - Stylianos Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and DevelopmentUniversity of Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | - Clémentine Ripoll
- Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), EAC CNRS 4413, Université Paris Diderot, Marie‐Andrée Lagroua‐Weill‐Hallé, bâtiment LamarckParisFrance
| | - Jean Delabar
- Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative (BFA), EAC CNRS 4413, Université Paris Diderot, Marie‐Andrée Lagroua‐Weill‐Hallé, bâtiment LamarckParisFrance
| | - Gilberto Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marie‐Claude Potier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière UPMC/Inserm UMR‐S 975; CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robert K, Maurin N, Ledru A, Delabar J, Janel N. Hyperkeratosis in cystathionine beta synthase-deficient mice: an animal model of hyperhomocysteinemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 280:1072-6. [PMID: 15386278 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) is a crucial regulator of plasma concentrations of homocysteine. Severe hyperhomocysteinemia due to CBS deficiency confers diverse clinical manifestations. Patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia have fine hair and thin skin, but it is unclear whether these changes are related to CBS deficiency or are coincidental. To investigate these aspects of hyperhomocysteinemia, we characterized skin abnormalities of CBS-deficient mice, a murine model of severe hyperhomocysteinemia. Histological and histomorphometric analyses revealed that CBS-deficient mice have wrinkled skin with hyperkeratinosis of the epidermis and thinning of the dermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Robert
- EA 3508, University of Paris 7, Denis Diderot, 75251 Paris 05, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Robert K, Pagès C, Ledru A, Delabar J, Caboche J, Janel N. Regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by homocysteine in hippocampus. Neuroscience 2005; 133:925-35. [PMID: 15916860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2005] [Revised: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In several neurological disorders including hyperhomocysteinemia, homocysteine (Hcy) accumulates in the brain, and acts as a potent neurotoxin. However, the molecular mechanisms induced by increased levels of Hcy in brain are not well understood. Here we show an activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) and the downstream nuclear targets Elk-1 and calcium/cAMP response element binding protein, in the hippocampus of cystathionine beta synthase deficient mice, a murine model of hyperhomocysteinemia. An ex vivo model of hippocampal slices allowed us to reproduce Hcy -induced ERK activation and to unravel the mechanisms responsible of this activation. Of interest, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), non-NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists all blocked Hcy -induced ERK activation. Moreover, the ERK activation was blocked in the presence of Na+-channel blocker tetrodotoxin, indicating the existence of a trans-synaptic activity in ERK activation by Hcy in hippocampal slices. The effects of Hcy on ERK cascade activation were also dependent on calcium influx, CaMK-II, PKC as well as PKA activation. Thus, altogether these data support a role of Hcy on ERK activation, via complex mechanisms, starting with a control of glutamate release, which in turn activates ionotropic and metabotropic receptor subtypes and produces increases in intracellular calcium levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Robert
- EA 3508, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Case 7104, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, Watanabe H, Yada T, Park HS, Toyoda A, Ishii K, Totoki Y, Choi DK, Groner Y, Soeda E, Ohki M, Takagi T, Sakaki Y, Taudien S, Blechschmidt K, Polley A, Menzel U, Delabar J, Kumpf K, Lehmann R, Patterson D, Reichwald K, Rump A, Schillhabel M, Schudy A, Zimmermann W, Rosenthal A, Kudoh J, Schibuya K, Kawasaki K, Asakawa S, Shintani A, Sasaki T, Nagamine K, Mitsuyama S, Antonarakis SE, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Nordsiek G, Hornischer K, Brant P, Scharfe M, Schon O, Desario A, Reichelt J, Kauer G, Blocker H, Ramser J, Beck A, Klages S, Hennig S, Riesselmann L, Dagand E, Haaf T, Wehrmeyer S, Borzym K, Gardiner K, Nizetic D, Francis F, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Yaspo ML. The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21. Nature 2000; 405:311-9. [PMID: 10830953 DOI: 10.1038/35012518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 21 is the smallest human autosome. An extra copy of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome, the most frequent genetic cause of significant mental retardation, which affects up to 1 in 700 live births. Several anonymous loci for monogenic disorders and predispositions for common complex disorders have also been mapped to this chromosome, and loss of heterozygosity has been observed in regions associated with solid tumours. Here we report the sequence and gene catalogue of the long arm of chromosome 21. We have sequenced 33,546,361 base pairs (bp) of DNA with very high accuracy, the largest contig being 25,491,867 bp. Only three small clone gaps and seven sequencing gaps remain, comprising about 100 kilobases. Thus, we achieved 99.7% coverage of 21q. We also sequenced 281,116 bp from the short arm. The structural features identified include duplications that are probably involved in chromosomal abnormalities and repeat structures in the telomeric and pericentromeric regions. Analysis of the chromosome revealed 127 known genes, 98 predicted genes and 59 pseudogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hattori
- RIKEN, Genomic Sciences Center, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Potier M, Dutriaux A, Orti R, Groet J, Gibelin N, Karadima G, Lutfalla G, Lynn A, Van Broeckhoven C, Chakravarti A, Petersen M, Nizetic D, Delabar J, Rossier J. Two sequence-ready contigs spanning the two copies of a 200-kb duplication on human 21q: partial sequence and polymorphisms. Genomics 1998; 51:417-26. [PMID: 9721212 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical mapping across a duplication can be a tour de force if the region is larger than the size of a bacterial clone. This was the case of the 170- to 275-kb duplication present on the long arm of chromosome 21 in normal human at 21q11.1 (proximal region) and at 21q22.1 (distal region), which we described previously. We have constructed sequence-ready contigs of the two copies of the duplication of which all the clones are genuine representatives of one copy or the other. This required the identification of four duplicon polymorphisms that are copy-specific and nonallelic variations in the sequence of the STSs. Thirteen STSs were mapped inside the duplicated region and 5 outside but close to the boundaries. Among these STSs 10 were end clones from YACs, PACs, or cosmids, and the average interval between two markers in the duplicated region was 16 kb. Eight PACs and cosmids showing minimal overlaps were selected in both copies of the duplication. Comparative sequence analysis along the duplication showed three single-basepair changes between the two copies over 659 bp sequenced (4 STSs), suggesting that the duplication is recent (less than 4 mya). Two CpG islands were located in the duplication, but no genes were identified after a 36-kb cosmid from the proximal copy of the duplication was sequenced. The homology of this chromosome 21 duplicated region with the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 13, 2, and 18 suggests that the mechanism involved is probably similar to pericentromeric-directed mechanisms described in interchromosomal duplications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Potier
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7637, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris Cedex 5, 75231, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bruel A, Cherqui G, Columelli S, Margelin D, Roudier M, Sinet PM, Prieur M, Pérignon JL, Delabar J. Reduced protein kinase C activity in sporadic Alzheimer's disease fibroblasts. Neurosci Lett 1991; 133:89-92. [PMID: 1792001 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in the protein kinase C immunoreactivity and an altered protein phosphorylation have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease, but discordant results have been obtained from determinations of protein kinase C activity. By assaying the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of a lysine-rich histone after detergent extraction, we have determined the total protein kinase C activity in fibroblasts from patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, age-matched controls and young subjects. The activity was not significantly different between young and aged controls, whereas it was significantly lower (0.70 +/- 0.12 vs 1.16 +/- 0.23 nmol/min/mg protein, P less than 0.01) in the patients. The total amount of protein kinase C estimated from the binding of phorbol dibutyrate to intact cells was also significantly lower (1.70 +/- 0.41 vs 2.48 +/- 0.54 pmol/mg protein, P less than 0.01). This decrease in protein kinase C activity suggests that abnormal protein phosphorylation might play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bruel
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique, CNRS URA 1335, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Créau-Goldberg N, Gegonne A, Delabar J, Cochet C, Cabanis MO, Stehelin D, Turleau C, de Grouchy J. Maternal origin of a de novo balanced t(21q21q) identified by ets-2 polymorphism. Hum Genet 1987; 76:396-8. [PMID: 2886422 DOI: 10.1007/bf00272452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular investigations were done in a woman with a de novo balanced t(21q21q) discovered because of the birth of a trisomic 21 baby. Polymorphisms detected with probe ets-2 after Msp I digestion showed that both chromosomes 21 involved in the rearrangement were of maternal origin. The most likely hypothesis is that of a disomic 21 oocyte fertilized by a nullisomic 21 sperm.
Collapse
|