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Bhattacharyya A, Laycock H, Brett SJ, Beatty F, Kemp HI. Health care professionals' experiences of pain management in the intensive care unit: a qualitative study. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:611-626. [PMID: 38153304 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and management of pain in the critical care setting, the prevalence of acute pain remains high. Inadequate pain management is associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, reduced capacity for rehabilitation and long-term psychological sequelae. This study aimed to describe the experiences of pain management from healthcare professionals working in intensive care units. Healthcare professionals were recruited from intensive care units in London, UK using a purposive sampling technique. Semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis technique. Thirty participants were recruited from eight diverse intensive care units. Five themes were identified. First, there was a lack of consensus in pain assessment in the ICU where nursing staff described more knowledge and confidence of validated pain measures than physicians, and concerns over validity and usability were raised. Second, there was a universal perception of resource availability impacting the quality of pain management including high clinical workload, staff turnover and availability of certain pain management techniques. Third, acknowledgement of the importance of pain management was highest in those with experience of interacting with critical care survivors. Fourth, participants described their own emotional reaction to managing those in pain which influenced their learning. Finally, there was a perception that, due to the complexity of the intensive care unit population, pain was de-prioritised and there were conflicting views as to whether standardised analgosedation algorithms were useful. This study provides evidence to suggest interdisciplinary training, collaboratively designed decision-making tools, prioritisation initiatives and research priorities are areas that could be targeted to improve pain management in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Laycock
- Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - S J Brett
- Division of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Directorate of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - F Beatty
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - H I Kemp
- The Pain Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
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2
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Kanekar AS, Bhattacharyya A, Mohapatra PK. Ligand structure and diluent nature in defining improved Am 3+ and Cm 3+ separation using diglycolamides: a combined solvent extraction and DFT study. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5871-5880. [PMID: 38415375 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03261b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Separation of Am3+ and Cm3+ is one of the most challenging yet unavoidable steps in the back end of the nuclear cycle. Various ligands evaluated for Am/Cm separation have their own merits and demerits, and not a single ligand has been uniquely proposed for this purpose. In the present work, we evaluated N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide (TODGA) vis-à-vis N,N,N',N'-tetra-2-ethylhexyldiglycolamide (T2EHDGA) in combination with a hydrophilic 2,6-bis(1,2,4-triazinyl)pyridine (SO3PhBTP) derivative in the aqueous phase for the separation of Am3+ and Cm3+ from nitric acid medium. The results showed that marginal selectivity for Am3+ over Cm3+ was observed with T2EHDGA in the presence of SO3PhBTP, which was attributed to the difference in the entropy change for their extraction from both the temperature-dependent liquid-liquid extraction and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kanekar
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India.
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India.
| | - P K Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India.
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3
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Yan Y, Li X, Gao Y, Mathivanan S, Kong L, Tao Y, Dong Y, Li X, Bhattacharyya A, Zhao X, Zhang SC. 3D bioprinting of human neural tissues with functional connectivity. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:260-274.e7. [PMID: 38306994 PMCID: PMC10883639 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Probing how human neural networks operate is hindered by the lack of reliable human neural tissues amenable to the dynamic functional assessment of neural circuits. We developed a 3D bioprinting platform to assemble tissues with defined human neural cell types in a desired dimension using a commercial bioprinter. The printed neuronal progenitors differentiate into neurons and form functional neural circuits within and between tissue layers with specificity within weeks, evidenced by the cortical-to-striatal projection, spontaneous synaptic currents, and synaptic response to neuronal excitation. Printed astrocyte progenitors develop into mature astrocytes with elaborated processes and form functional neuron-astrocyte networks, indicated by calcium flux and glutamate uptake in response to neuronal excitation under physiological and pathological conditions. These designed human neural tissues will likely be useful for understanding the wiring of human neural networks, modeling pathological processes, and serving as platforms for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Yan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xueyan Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sakthikumar Mathivanan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Linghai Kong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yunlong Tao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Yi Dong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; GK Goh Centre for Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815.
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4
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Martinez JL, Piciw JG, Crockett M, Sorci IA, Makwana N, Sirois CL, Giffin-Rao Y, Bhattacharyya A. Transcriptional consequences of trisomy 21 on neural induction. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1341141. [PMID: 38357436 PMCID: PMC10865501 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, is a complex developmental disorder associated with intellectual disability and reduced growth of multiple organs. Structural pathologies are present at birth, reflecting embryonic origins. A fundamental unanswered question is how an extra copy of human chromosome 21 contributes to organ-specific pathologies that characterize individuals with Down syndrome, and, relevant to the hallmark intellectual disability in Down syndrome, how trisomy 21 affects neural development. We tested the hypothesis that trisomy 21 exerts effects on human neural development as early as neural induction. Methods Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on isogenic trisomy 21 and euploid human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) at successive stages of neural induction: embryoid bodies at Day 6, early neuroectoderm at Day 10, and differentiated neuroectoderm at Day 17. Results Gene expression analysis revealed over 1,300 differentially expressed genes in trisomy 21 cells along the differentiation pathway compared to euploid controls. Less than 5% of the gene expression changes included upregulated chromosome 21 encoded genes at every timepoint. Genes involved in specific growth factor signaling pathways (WNT and Notch), metabolism (including oxidative stress), and extracellular matrix were altered in trisomy 21 cells. Further analysis uncovered heterochronic expression of genes. Conclusion Trisomy 21 impacts discrete developmental pathways at the earliest stages of neural development. The results suggest that metabolic dysfunction arises early in embryogenesis in trisomy 21 and may affect development and function more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Martinez
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer G. Piciw
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Madeline Crockett
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Isabella A. Sorci
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nikunj Makwana
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carissa L. Sirois
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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5
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Yan Y, Li X, Gao Y, Mathivanan S, Kong L, Tao Y, Dong Y, Li X, Bhattacharyya A, Zhao X, Zhang SC. 3D Bioprinting of Human Neural Tissues with Functional Connectivity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.18.576289. [PMID: 38328181 PMCID: PMC10849546 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Probing how the human neural networks operate is hindered by the lack of reliable human neural tissues amenable for dynamic functional assessment of neural circuits. We developed a 3D bioprinting platform to assemble tissues with defined human neural cell types in a desired dimension using a commercial bioprinter. The printed neuronal progenitors differentiate to neurons and form functional neural circuits in and between tissue layers with specificity within weeks, evidenced by the cortical-to-striatal projection, spontaneous synaptic currents and synaptic response to neuronal excitation. Printed astrocyte progenitors develop into mature astrocytes with elaborated processes and form functional neuron-astrocyte networks, indicated by calcium flux and glutamate uptake in response to neuronal excitation under physiological and pathological conditions. These designed human neural tissues will likely be useful for understanding the wiring of human neural networks, modeling pathological processes, and serving as platforms for drug testing.
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6
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Shen M, Sirois CL, Guo Y, Li M, Dong Q, Méndez-Albelo NM, Gao Y, Khullar S, Kissel L, Sandoval SO, Wolkoff NE, Huang SX, Xu Z, Bryan JE, Contractor AM, Korabelnikov T, Glass IA, Doherty D, Levine JE, Sousa AMM, Chang Q, Bhattacharyya A, Wang D, Werling DM, Zhao X. Species-specific FMRP regulation of RACK1 is critical for prenatal cortical development. Neuron 2023; 111:3988-4005.e11. [PMID: 37820724 PMCID: PMC10841112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 protein (FMRP) deficiency leads to fragile X syndrome (FXS), an autism spectrum disorder. The role of FMRP in prenatal human brain development remains unclear. Here, we show that FMRP is important for human and macaque prenatal brain development. Both FMRP-deficient neurons in human fetal cortical slices and FXS patient stem cell-derived neurons exhibit mitochondrial dysfunctions and hyperexcitability. Using multiomics analyses, we have identified both FMRP-bound mRNAs and FMRP-interacting proteins in human neurons and unveiled a previously unknown role of FMRP in regulating essential genes during human prenatal development. We demonstrate that FMRP interaction with CNOT1 maintains the levels of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), a species-specific FMRP target. Genetic reduction of RACK1 leads to both mitochondrial dysfunctions and hyperexcitability, resembling FXS neurons. Finally, enhancing mitochondrial functions rescues deficits of FMRP-deficient cortical neurons during prenatal development, demonstrating targeting mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Shen
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Carissa L Sirois
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Qiping Dong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Natasha M Méndez-Albelo
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Saniya Khullar
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lee Kissel
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Soraya O Sandoval
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Natalie E Wolkoff
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sabrina X Huang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bryan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amaya M Contractor
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tomer Korabelnikov
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Birth Defects Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Birth Defects Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jon E Levine
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - André M M Sousa
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Qiang Chang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Donna M Werling
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Ludwig TE, Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Bhattacharyya A, Crook JM, Daheron LM, Draper JS, Healy LE, Huch M, Inamdar MS, Jensen KB, Kurtz A, Lancaster MA, Liberali P, Lutolf MP, Mummery CL, Pera MF, Sato Y, Shimasaki N, Smith AG, Song J, Spits C, Stacey G, Wells CA, Zhao T, Mosher JT. ISSCR standards for the use of human stem cells in basic research. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1744-1752. [PMID: 37703820 PMCID: PMC10545481 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The laboratory culture of human stem cells seeks to capture a cellular state as an in vitro surrogate of a biological system. For the results and outputs from this research to be accurate, meaningful, and durable, standards that ensure reproducibility and reliability of the data should be applied. Although such standards have been previously proposed for repositories and distribution centers, no widely accepted best practices exist for laboratory research with human pluripotent and tissue stem cells. To fill that void, the International Society for Stem Cell Research has developed a set of recommendations, including reporting criteria, for scientists in basic research laboratories. These criteria are designed to be technically and financially feasible and, when implemented, enhance the reproducibility and rigor of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy M Crook
- The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maneesha S Inamdar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basal, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Yoji Sato
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Noriko Shimasaki
- Center for iPS Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan; Prefectural University of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jihwan Song
- CHA University, Seoul, Korea; iPS Bio, Inc, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Glyn Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, Barley, Herts, UK
| | | | - Tongbiao Zhao
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jack T Mosher
- International Society for Stem Cell Research, Evanston, IL, USA
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8
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Lear BP, Thompson EAN, Rodriguez K, Arndt ZP, Khullar S, Klosa PC, Lu RJ, Morrow CS, Risgaard R, Peterson ER, Teefy BB, Bhattacharyya A, Sousa AMM, Wang D, Benayoun BA, Moore DL. Age-maintained human neurons demonstrate a developmental loss of intrinsic neurite growth ability. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.23.541995. [PMID: 37292613 PMCID: PMC10245848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.541995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Injury to adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons results in limited regeneration. Rodent studies have revealed a developmental switch in CNS axon regenerative ability, yet whether this is conserved in humans is unknown. Using human fibroblasts from 8 gestational-weeks to 72 years-old, we performed direct reprogramming to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into induced neurons (Fib-iNs), avoiding pluripotency which restores cells to an embryonic state. We found that early gestational Fib-iNs grew longer neurites than all other ages, mirroring the developmental switch in regenerative ability in rodents. RNA-sequencing and screening revealed ARID1A as a developmentally-regulated modifier of neurite growth in human neurons. These data suggest that age-specific epigenetic changes may drive the intrinsic loss of neurite growth ability in human CNS neurons during development. One-Sentence Summary: Directly-reprogrammed human neurons demonstrate a developmental decrease in neurite growth ability.
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9
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Giffin-Rao Y, Sheng J, Strand B, Xu K, Huang L, Medo M, Risgaard KA, Dantinne S, Mohan S, Keshan A, Daley RA, Levesque B, Amundson L, Reese R, Sousa AMM, Tao Y, Wang D, Zhang SC, Bhattacharyya A. Altered patterning of trisomy 21 interneuron progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1366-1379. [PMID: 35623352 PMCID: PMC9214050 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS; Ts21), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, have smaller brains that reflect fewer neurons at pre- and post-natal stages, implicating impaired neurogenesis during development. Our stereological analysis of adult DS cortex indicates a reduction of calretinin-expressing interneurons. Using Ts21 human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and isogenic controls, we find that Ts21 progenitors generate fewer COUP-TFII+ progenitors with reduced proliferation. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Ts21 progenitors confirms the altered specification of progenitor subpopulations and identifies reduced WNT signaling. Activation of WNT signaling partially restores the COUP-TFII+ progenitor population in Ts21, suggesting that altered WNT signaling contributes to the defective development of cortical interneurons in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Sheng
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bennett Strand
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Leslie Huang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Margaret Medo
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Samuel Dantinne
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sruti Mohan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Aratrika Keshan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Roger A Daley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bradley Levesque
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lindsey Amundson
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Rebecca Reese
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - André M M Sousa
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yunlong Tao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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10
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Risgaard KA, Sorci IA, Mohan S, Bhattacharyya A. Meta-Analysis of Down Syndrome Cortical Development Reveals Underdeveloped State of the Science. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:915272. [PMID: 35769326 PMCID: PMC9234119 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.915272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental impairment contributes to the hallmark cognitive disability in individuals with Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21, T21). The appearance of cognitive deficits in infancy suggests that alterations emerge during the earliest stages of neural development and continue throughout the lifespan in DS. Neural correlates of intellectual and language function include cortical structures, specifically temporal and frontal lobes that are smaller in DS. Yet, despite increased understanding of the DS cognitive-behavioral phenotype in childhood, there is very little structural and histological information to help explain the deficits. Consequently, attempts to effectively design therapeutic targets or interventions are limited. We present a systematic review of published research on cortical development in DS that reveals a paucity of studies that rigorously identify cellular features that may underlie the gross morphological deficits of the developing DS brain. We assessed 115 published reports retrieved through PubMed and other sources and found that only 23 reported histological and/or immunohistochemical data to define cell composition affected in DS post-mortem brain. Further, our analysis reveals that many reports have limited samples sizes and few DS samples, making it difficult to draw conclusions that are generally applicable to the DS population. Thus, the lack of replication and limited number of studies indicate that more developmentally focused research, ideally using equal numbers of age-matched samples in analyses, is needed to elucidate the cellular nature of smaller brain size in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella A. Sorci
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sruti Mohan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Pubic Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Anita Bhattacharyya
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11
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Murie M, Peng Y, Rigby MJ, Dieterich IA, Farrugia MA, Endresen A, Bhattacharyya A, Puglielli L. ATase inhibition rescues age-associated proteotoxicity of the secretory pathway. Commun Biol 2022; 5:173. [PMID: 35217767 PMCID: PMC8881600 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malfunction of autophagy contributes to the progression of many chronic age-associated diseases. As such, improving normal proteostatic mechanisms is an active target for biomedical research and a key focal area for aging research. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based acetylation has emerged as a mechanism that ensures proteostasis within the ER by regulating the induction of ER specific autophagy. ER acetylation is ensured by two ER-membrane bound acetyltransferases, ATase1 and ATase2. Here, we show that ATase inhibitors can rescue ongoing disease manifestations associated with the segmental progeria-like phenotype of AT-1 sTg mice. We also describe a pipeline to reliably identify ATase inhibitors with promising druggability properties. Finally, we show that successful ATase inhibitors can rescue the proteopathy of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, our study proposes that ATase-targeting approaches might offer a translational pathway for many age-associated proteopathies affecting the ER/secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeghan Murie
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Yajing Peng
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Michael J. Rigby
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Inca A. Dieterich
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Mark A. Farrugia
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Present Address: Mark A. Farrugia, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Andreas Endresen
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI USA
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12
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Fathi A, Mathivanan S, Kong L, Petersen AJ, Harder CK, Block J, Miller JM, Bhattacharyya A, Wang D, Zhang S. Chemically induced senescence in human stem cell-derived neurons promotes phenotypic presentation of neurodegeneration. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13541. [PMID: 34953016 PMCID: PMC8761019 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling age‐related neurodegenerative disorders with human stem cells are difficult due to the embryonic nature of stem cell‐derived neurons. We developed a chemical cocktail to induce senescence of iPSC‐derived neurons to address this challenge. We first screened small molecules that induce embryonic fibroblasts to exhibit features characteristic of aged fibroblasts. We then optimized a cocktail of small molecules that induced senescence in fibroblasts and cortical neurons without causing DNA damage. The utility of the “senescence cocktail” was validated in motor neurons derived from ALS patient iPSCs which exhibited protein aggregation and axonal degeneration substantially earlier than those without cocktail treatment. Our “senescence cocktail” will likely enhance the manifestation of disease‐related phenotypes in neurons derived from iPSCs, enabling the generation of reliable drug discovery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fathi
- Waisman Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | - Linghai Kong
- Waisman Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | - Cole R. K. Harder
- Waisman Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Jasper Block
- Waisman Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Waisman Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Su‐Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
- Department of Neurology School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
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13
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Hunt JFV, Li M, Risgaard R, Ananiev GE, Wildman S, Zhang F, Bugni TS, Zhao X, Bhattacharyya A. High Throughput Small Molecule Screen for Reactivation of FMR1 in Fragile X Syndrome Human Neural Cells. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010069. [PMID: 35011630 PMCID: PMC8750025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of autism and intellectual disability. The majority of FXS cases are caused by transcriptional repression of the FMR1 gene due to epigenetic changes that are not recapitulated in current animal disease models. FXS patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived gene edited reporter cell lines enable novel strategies to discover reactivators of FMR1 expression in human cells on a much larger scale than previously possible. Here, we describe the workflow using FXS iPSC-derived neural cell lines to conduct a massive, unbiased screen for small molecule activators of the FMR1 gene. The proof-of-principle methodology demonstrates the utility of human stem-cell-based methodology for the untargeted discovery of reactivators of the human FMR1 gene that can be applied to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack F. V. Hunt
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (J.F.V.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Meng Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (J.F.V.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ryan Risgaard
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (J.F.V.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Gene E. Ananiev
- Carbone Cancer Center Drug Discovery Core, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (G.E.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Scott Wildman
- Carbone Cancer Center Drug Discovery Core, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (G.E.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (F.Z.); (T.S.B.)
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (F.Z.); (T.S.B.)
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (J.F.V.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (A.B.); Tel.: +1-(608)-263-9906 (X.Z.); +1-(608)-265-6142 (A.B.)
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (J.F.V.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.)
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (A.B.); Tel.: +1-(608)-263-9906 (X.Z.); +1-(608)-265-6142 (A.B.)
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14
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Bhattacharyya A, Sharma R, Mishra MK, Chamkha AJ, Mamatha E. Numerical and Statistical Analysis of Dissipative and Heat Absorbing Graphene Maxwell Nanofluid Flow Over a Stretching Sheet. j nanofluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2021.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper is basically devoted to carry out an investigation regarding the unsteady flow of dissipative and heat absorbing hydromagnetic graphene Maxwell nanofluid over a linearly stretched sheet taking momentum and thermal slip conditions into account. Ethylene glycol is selected
as a base fluid while graphene particles are considered as nanoparticles. The highly nonlinear mathematical model of the problem is converted into a set of nonlinear coupled differential equations by means of fitting similarity variables. Further, Runge-Kutta Fehlberg algorithms along with
the shooting scheme are instigated to analyse the numerical solution. The variations in graphene Maxwell nanofluid velocity and temperature owing to different physical parameters have been demonstrated via numerous graphs whereas Nusselt number and skin friction coefficients are illustrated
in numeric data form and are reported in different tables. In addition, a statistical method is implemented for multiple quadratic regression estimation analysis on the numerical figures of wall velocity gradient and local Nusselt number to establish the connection among heat transfer rate
and physical parameters. Our numerical findings reveal that the magnetic field, unsteadiness, inclination angle of magnetic field and porosity parameters boost the graphene Maxwell nanofluid velocity while Maxwell parameter has a reversal impact on it. The regression analysis confers that
Nusselt number is more prone to heat absorption parameter as compared to Eckert number. Finally, the numerical findings are compared with those of earlier published articles under restricted conditions to validate the numerical solution. The comparison of numerical findings shows an excellent
conformity among the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, GITAM Bengaluru 562163, Karnataka, India
| | - M. K. Mishra
- Department of Mathematics, SAS, VIT - AP University, 522237, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
| | - E. Mamatha
- Department of Mathematics, GITAM Bengaluru 562163, Karnataka, India
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15
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Bhattacharyya A, Ferreira PP, Panda K, Masunaga SH, de Faria LR, Correa LE, Santos FB, Adroja DT, Yokoyama K, Dorini TT, Jardim RF, Eleno LTF, Machado AJS. Electron-phonon superconductivity in C-doped topological nodal-line semimetal Zr 5Pt 3: a muon spin rotation and relaxation (μSR) study. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 34:035602. [PMID: 34592722 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2bc7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate that C-doped Zr5Pt3is an electron-phonon superconductor (with critical temperatureTC= 3.8 K) with a nonsymmorphic topological Dirac nodal-line semimetal state, which we report here for the first time. The superconducting properties of Zr5Pt3C0.5have been investigated by means of magnetization, resistivity, specific heat, and muon spin rotation and relaxation (μSR) measurements. We find that at low temperatures, the depolarization rate is almost constant and it can be well described by a single-bands-wave model with a superconducting gap of 2Δ(0)/kBTC= 3.84, somewhat higher than the value of BCS theory. From the transverse field μSR analysis, we estimate the London penetration depthλL= 469 nm, superconducting carrier densityns= 1.83 × 1026 m-3, and effective massm* = 1.428me. The zero field μSR confirms the absence of any spontaneous magnetic field in the superconducting ground state. In order to gain additional insights into the electronic ground state of C-doped Zr5Pt3, we also performed first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The observed homogenous electronic character of the Fermi surface as well as the mutual decrease ofTCand density of states at the Fermi level are consistent with the experimental findings of this study. However, the band structure reveals the presence of robust, gapless fourfold-degenerate nodal lines protected by 63screw rotations and glide mirror planes. Therefore, Zr5Pt3represents a novel, unprecedented condensed matter system to investigate the intricate interplay between superconductivity and topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Howrah 711202, India, Howrah 711202, West Bengal, India
| | - P P Ferreira
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, DEMAR, Lorena, Brazil
| | - K Panda
- Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Howrah 711202, India, Howrah 711202, West Bengal, India
| | - S H Masunaga
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L R de Faria
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, DEMAR, Lorena, Brazil
| | - L E Correa
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, DEMAR, Lorena, Brazil
| | - F B Santos
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, DEMAR, Lorena, Brazil
| | - D T Adroja
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - K Yokoyama
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - T T Dorini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, France
| | - R F Jardim
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L T F Eleno
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, DEMAR, Lorena, Brazil
| | - A J S Machado
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, DEMAR, Lorena, Brazil
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16
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Keen KL, Petersen AJ, Figueroa AG, Fordyce BI, Shin J, Yadav R, Erdin S, Pearce RA, Talkowski ME, Bhattacharyya A, Terasawa E. Physiological Characterization and Transcriptomic Properties of GnRH Neurons Derived From Human Stem Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6298609. [PMID: 34125902 PMCID: PMC8294693 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus play a key role in the regulation of reproductive function. In this study, we sought an efficient method for generating GnRH neurons from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESC and hiPSC, respectively). First, we found that exposure of primitive neuroepithelial cells, rather than neuroprogenitor cells, to fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), was more effective in generating GnRH neurons. Second, addition of kisspeptin to FGF8 further increased the efficiency rates of GnRH neurogeneration. Third, we generated a fluorescent marker mCherry labeled human embryonic GnRH cell line (mCh-hESC) using a CRISPR-Cas9 targeting approach. Fourth, we examined physiological characteristics of GnRH (mCh-hESC) neurons: similar to GnRH neurons in vivo, they released the GnRH peptide in a pulsatile manner at ~60 min intervals; GnRH release increased in response to high potassium, kisspeptin, estradiol, and neurokinin B challenges; and injection of depolarizing current induced action potentials. Finally, we characterized developmental changes in transcriptomes of GnRH neurons using hESC, hiPSC, and mCh-hESC. The developmental pattern of transcriptomes was remarkably similar among the 3 cell lines. Collectively, human stem cell-derived GnRH neurons will be an important tool for establishing disease models to understand diseases, such as idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, and testing contraceptive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Keen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew J Petersen
- Waisman Center, Graduate School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexander G Figueroa
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin I Fordyce
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jaeweon Shin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Pearce
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, Graduate School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ei Terasawa
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Correspondence: Ei Terasawa, PhD, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.
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17
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Dierssen M, Herault Y, Helguera P, Martínez de Lagran M, Vazquez A, Christian B, Carmona-Iragui M, Wiseman F, Mobley W, Fisher EMC, Brault V, Esbensen A, Jacola LM, Potier MC, Hamlett ED, Abbeduto L, Del Hoyo Soriano L, Busciglio J, Iulita MF, Crispino J, Malinge S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Costanzo F, Delabar JM, Bartesaghi R, Dekker AD, De Deyn P, Fortea Ormaechea J, Shaw PA, Haydar TF, Sherman SL, Strydom A, Bhattacharyya A. Building the Future Therapies for Down Syndrome: The Third International Conference of the T21 Research Society. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:202-218. [PMID: 34421499 DOI: 10.1159/000514437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research focused on Down syndrome has increased in the last several years to advance understanding of the consequences of trisomy 21 (T21) on molecular and cellular processes and, ultimately, on individuals with Down syndrome. The Trisomy 21 Research Society (T21RS) is the premier scientific organization for researchers and clinicians studying Down syndrome. The Third International Conference of T21RS, held June 6-9, 2019, in Barcelona, Spain, brought together 429 scientists, families, and industry representatives to share the latest discoveries on underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of T21, define cognitive and behavioral challenges and better understand comorbidities associated with Down syndrome, including Alzheimer's disease and leukemia. Presentation of cutting-edge results in neuroscience, neurology, model systems, psychology, cancer, biomarkers and molecular and phar-ma-cological therapeutic approaches demonstrate the compelling interest and continuing advancement in all aspects of understanding and ameliorating conditions associated with T21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pablo Helguera
- Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Martínez de Lagran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vazquez
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bradley Christian
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frances Wiseman
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Mobley
- University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Veronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Esbensen
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa M Jacola
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marie Claude Potier
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225 - INSERM U1127 - UPMC Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Eric D Hamlett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sébastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Institute - Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jean Maurice Delabar
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225 - INSERM U1127 - UPMC Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain D Dekker
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Deyn
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Juan Fortea Ormaechea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Martinez JL, Zammit MD, West NR, Christian BT, Bhattacharyya A. Corrigendum: Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Linking Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:742233. [PMID: 34421580 PMCID: PMC8375678 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.742233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Martinez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew D Zammit
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole R West
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Cellular and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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19
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Martinez JL, Zammit MD, West NR, Christian BT, Bhattacharyya A. Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons: Linking Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:703876. [PMID: 34322015 PMCID: PMC8311593 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.703876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) is characterized by intellectual impairment at birth and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in middle age. As individuals with DS age, their cognitive functions decline as they develop AD pathology. The susceptibility to degeneration of a subset of neurons, known as basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), in DS and AD is a critical link between cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in both disorders. BFCNs are the primary source of cholinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, as well as the amygdala. They play a critical role in the processing of information related to cognitive function and are directly engaged in regulating circuits of attention and memory throughout the lifespan. Given the importance of BFCNs in attention and memory, it is not surprising that these neurons contribute to dysfunctional neuronal circuitry in DS and are vulnerable in adults with DS and AD, where their degeneration leads to memory loss and disturbance in language. BFCNs are thus a relevant cell target for therapeutics for both DS and AD but, despite some success, efforts in this area have waned. There are gaps in our knowledge of BFCN vulnerability that preclude our ability to effectively design interventions. Here, we review the role of BFCN function and degeneration in AD and DS and identify under-studied aspects of BFCN biology. The current gaps in BFCN relevant imaging studies, therapeutics, and human models limit our insight into the mechanistic vulnerability of BFCNs in individuals with DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Martinez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew D Zammit
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole R West
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Cellular and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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20
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Tang XY, Xu L, Wang J, Hong Y, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Wang D, Zhang XY, Liu CY, Fang KH, Han X, Wang S, Wang X, Xu M, Bhattacharyya A, Guo X, Lin M, Liu Y. DSCAM/PAK1 pathway suppression reverses neurogenesis deficits in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids from patients with Down syndrome. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:135763. [PMID: 33945512 DOI: 10.1172/jci135763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, occurs in 1 of every 800 live births. Early defects in cortical development likely account for the cognitive impairments in DS, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we performed histological assays and unbiased single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) analysis on cerebral organoids derived from 4 euploid cell lines and from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 3 individuals with trisomy 21 to explore cell-type-specific abnormalities associated with DS during early brain development. We found that neurogenesis was significantly affected, given the diminished proliferation and decreased expression of layer II and IV markers in cortical neurons in the subcortical regions; this may have been responsible for the reduced size of the organoids. Furthermore, suppression of the DSCAM/PAK1 pathway, which showed enhanced activity in DS, using CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), or small-molecule inhibitor treatment reversed abnormal neurogenesis, thereby increasing the size of organoids derived from DS iPSCs. Our study demonstrates that 3D cortical organoids developed in vitro are a valuable model of DS and provide a direct link between dysregulation of the DSCAM/PAK1 pathway and developmental brain defects in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Tang
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Jingshen Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Chun-Yue Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Heng Fang
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Shihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center and.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, and
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21
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Anderson NC, Chen PF, Meganathan K, Afshar Saber W, Petersen AJ, Bhattacharyya A, Kroll KL, Sahin M. Balancing serendipity and reproducibility: Pluripotent stem cells as experimental systems for intellectual and developmental disorders. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1446-1457. [PMID: 33861989 PMCID: PMC8190574 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiation into neural lineages is a revolutionary experimental system for studying neurological disorders, including intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). However, issues related to variability and reproducibility have hindered translating preclinical findings into drug discovery. Here, we identify areas for improvement by conducting a comprehensive review of 58 research articles that utilized iPSC-derived neural cells to investigate genetically defined IDDs. Based upon these findings, we propose recommendations for best practices that can be adopted by research scientists as well as journal editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickesha C Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pin-Fang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kesavan Meganathan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wardiya Afshar Saber
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Kristen L Kroll
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Shimura Y, Wörl A, Sundermann M, Tsuda S, Adroja DT, Bhattacharyya A, Strydom AM, Hillier AD, Pratt FL, Gloskovskii A, Severing A, Onimaru T, Gegenwart P, Takabatake T. Antiferromagnetic Correlations in Strongly Valence Fluctuating CeIrSn. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:217202. [PMID: 34114835 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.217202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CeIrSn with a quasikagome Ce lattice in the hexagonal basal plane is a strongly valence fluctuating compound, as we confirm by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering, with a high Kondo temperature of T_{K}∼480 K. We report a negative in-plane thermal expansion α/T below 2 K, which passes through a broad minimum near 0.75 K. Volume and a-axis magnetostriction for B∥a are markedly negative at low fields and change sign before a sharp metamagnetic anomaly at 6 T. These behaviors are unexpected for Ce-based intermediate valence systems, which should feature positive expansivity. Rather they point towards antiferromagnetic correlations at very low temperatures. This is supported by muon spin relaxation measurements down to 0.1 K, which provide microscopic evidence for a broad distribution of internal magnetic fields. Comparison with isostructural CeRhSn suggests that these antiferromagnetic correlations emerging at T≪T_{K} result from geometrical frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - A Wörl
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - M Sundermann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Tsuda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - D T Adroja
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, West Bengal, India
| | - A M Strydom
- Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - A D Hillier
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F L Pratt
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A Gloskovskii
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Severing
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - T Onimaru
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - P Gegenwart
- Experimental Physics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - T Takabatake
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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23
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Hendrix JA, Amon A, Abbeduto L, Agiovlasitis S, Alsaied T, Anderson HA, Bain LJ, Baumer N, Bhattacharyya A, Bogunovic D, Botteron KN, Capone G, Chandan P, Chase I, Chicoine B, Cieuta-Walti C, DeRuisseau LR, Durand S, Esbensen A, Fortea J, Giménez S, Granholm AC, Hahn LJ, Head E, Hillerstrom H, Jacola LM, Janicki MP, Jasien JM, Kamer AR, Kent RD, Khor B, Lawrence JB, Lemonnier C, Lewanda AF, Mobley W, Moore PE, Nelson LP, Oreskovic NM, Osorio RS, Patterson D, Rasmussen SA, Reeves RH, Roizen N, Santoro S, Sherman SL, Talib N, Tapia IE, Walsh KM, Warren SF, White AN, Wong GW, Yi JS. Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations in down syndrome research. Transl Sci Rare Dis 2021; 5:99-129. [PMID: 34268067 PMCID: PMC8279178 DOI: 10.3233/trd-200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in medical care have increased life expectancy and improved the quality of life for people with Down syndrome (DS). These advances are the result of both pre-clinical and clinical research but much about DS is still poorly understood. In 2020, the NIH announced their plan to update their DS research plan and requested input from the scientific and advocacy community. OBJECTIVE The National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS) and the LuMind IDSC Foundation worked together with scientific and medical experts to develop recommendations for the NIH research plan. METHODS NDSS and LuMind IDSC assembled over 50 experts across multiple disciplines and organized them in eleven working groups focused on specific issues for people with DS. RESULTS This review article summarizes the research gaps and recommendations that have the potential to improve the health and quality of life for people with DS within the next decade. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights many of the scientific gaps that exist in DS research. Based on these gaps, a multidisciplinary group of DS experts has made recommendations to advance DS research. This paper may also aid policymakers and the DS community to build a comprehensive national DS research strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Amon
- Deceased. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Tarek Alsaied
- Heart Institute Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Down Syndrome Program, Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly N. Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Priya Chandan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Isabelle Chase
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Esbensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Giménez
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura J. Hahn
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa M. Jacola
- Department of Psychology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Joan M. Jasien
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond D. Kent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bernard Khor
- Benaroy Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanne B. Lawrence
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy Feldman Lewanda
- Children s National Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC., USA
| | - William Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicolas M. Oreskovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sonja A. Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Roger H. Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Department of Pediatrics, UH/Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Sherman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nasreen Talib
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ignacio E. Tapia
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Division of Neuro-epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven F. Warren
- Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - A. Nicole White
- Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guang William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John S. Yi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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Jackson-Cook C, Rafferty K, Bhattacharyya A. 25. A new isogenic trisomy 21 iPSC resource. Cancer Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Singh SP, Bhattacharyya A, Mittal A, Pandey A, Tewari A, Latwal A, David B, Adhikari BS, Kumar D, Negi GCS, Mir IA, Tamta KK, Sambhav K, Shekhar M, Phulara M, Manzoor M, Singh N, Tewari P, Ranhotra PS, Singh P, Dhaila P, Sah P, Kumar R, Joshi R, Rawal RS, Rawal R, Singh RD, Shah S, Sharma S, Nanda SA, Gumber S, Singh U, Reshi Z. Indian Himalayan Timberline Ecotone in Response to Climate Change – Initial Findings. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v120/i5/859-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Khan PN, Bhattacharyya A, Sharma JN, Manohar S. The recovery of strontium from acidic medium using novel strontium selective extractant: An experimental and DFT study. J Hazard Mater 2020; 397:122476. [PMID: 32416382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In view of the limited solvent system known for the Sr2+ extraction from acidic media, extraction and recovery of 90Sr from acidic medium using novel Octabenzyloxyoctakis[[[(N,N-diethylamino)carbonyl)]methyl]oxy]calix[8]arene (BOC8A) extractant in nitro alkane medium are presented in this paper. BOC8A and nitro alkanes have been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and GC-MS techniques. Solvent composition of 0.01 M BOC8A in nitro octane (NO) has been optimized for substantial amount of extraction of strontium from feed acidity of 3.5-4 M nitric acid, (D3.5-4 M HNO3 = 7.1-7.8). Poor extraction of Pu4+, Ba2+, Na+ and UO22+ and negligible extraction of Am3+, Cs+, Ru3+, Nd3+, Zr2+ and trivalent lanthanides are observed. Ion dissociation mechanism was found to be operative involving an extractable complex having Sr2+, BOC8A and HNO3 in a ratio of 1:1:2. About 99 % of Sr2+ from the loaded solvent was recovered with 0.01 M HNO3. DFT calculations were used to predict the structures of free, protonated BOC8A and its complex with Sr2+. DFT result showed reorientation in conformation of BOC8A due to protonation resulting in the Sr2+ extraction from acidic medium with significantly high interaction energy between Sr2+ and diprotonated form of BOC8A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasupati Nath Khan
- Nuclear Recycle Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India; Radio Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - J N Sharma
- G&AMD, Materials Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Manohar
- Nuclear Recycle Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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27
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Abstract
In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration provided guidance for the evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of antidiabetes drugs. The newer antidiabetes drugs, approved after 2008, were therefore evaluated in long-term cardiovascular outcome trials, designed and powered for the assessment of cardiovascular safety. Accordingly, the primary endpoint of these trials was a cardiac composite endpoint. Since 2008, the data from various cardiovascular outcome trials have been reported, including SAVOR-TIMI 53 (saxagliptin), EXAMINE (alogliptin), TECOS (sitagliptin), CARMELINA (linagliptin), CAROLINA (linagliptin), ELIXA (lixisenatide), LEADER (liraglutide), EXSCEL (exenatide once-weekly), SUSTAIN-6 (injectable semaglutide), HARMONY Outcomes (albiglutide), REWIND (dulaglutide), PIONEER-6 (oral semaglutide), EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin), the CANVAS Program (canagliflozin) and DECLARE-TIMI 53 (dapagliflozin). Some of these trials subsequently also published data on renal outcomes, although these were secondary or exploratory analyses. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists had beneficial effects on albuminuria, while sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors additionally showed a positive effect on 'hard' renal outcomes. In contrast to the cardiovascular outcome trials, the renal outcome trial of canagliflozin, CREDENCE, assessed a hard renal endpoint as its primary endpoint and showed positive effects on these hard renal outcomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the renal outcome data from the cardiovascular outcome trials and the CREDENCE trial and understand the differences between their results. The post CREDENCE era would appear to reinforce the position of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as drugs providing cardiorenal protection, in addition to their anti-glycaemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajani
- Janssen India Medical Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Private Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - M Sahay
- Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Amar
- Janssen India Medical Affairs, Johnson & Johnson Private Ltd, Mumbai, India
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28
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Li M, Shin J, Risgaard RD, Parries MJ, Wang J, Chasman D, Liu S, Roy S, Bhattacharyya A, Zhao X. Identification of FMR1-regulated molecular networks in human neurodevelopment. Genome Res 2020; 30:361-374. [PMID: 32179589 PMCID: PMC7111522 DOI: 10.1101/gr.251405.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) play critical roles in development and disease to regulate gene expression. However, genome-wide identification of their targets in primary human cells has been challenging. Here, we applied a modified CLIP-seq strategy to identify genome-wide targets of the FMRP translational regulator 1 (FMR1), a brain-enriched RNA-BP, whose deficiency leads to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent inherited intellectual disability. We identified FMR1 targets in human dorsal and ventral forebrain neural progenitors and excitatory and inhibitory neurons differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. In parallel, we measured the transcriptomes of the same four cell types upon FMR1 gene deletion. We discovered that FMR1 preferentially binds long transcripts in human neural cells. FMR1 targets include genes unique to human neural cells and associated with clinical phenotypes of FXS and autism. Integrative network analysis using graph diffusion and multitask clustering of FMR1 CLIP-seq and transcriptional targets reveals critical pathways regulated by FMR1 in human neural development. Our results demonstrate that FMR1 regulates a common set of targets among different neural cell types but also operates in a cell type-specific manner targeting distinct sets of genes in human excitatory and inhibitory neural progenitors and neurons. By defining molecular subnetworks and validating specific high-priority genes, we identify novel components of the FMR1 regulation program. Our results provide new insights into gene regulation by a critical neuronal RNA-BP in human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Junha Shin
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Ryan D Risgaard
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Molly J Parries
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Abstract
Our bodies are made up of over 250 specific cell types, and all initially arise from stem cells during embryonic development. Stem cells have two characteristics that make them unique: (1) they are pluripotent, meaning that they can differentiate into all cell types of the body, and (2) they are capable of self-renewal to generate more of themselves and are thus able to populate an organism. Human pluripotent stem cells were first isolated from human embryos twenty years ago ( Thomson et al., 1998 ) and more recently, technology to reprogram somatic cells, such as skin and blood, to induced pluripotent stem cells has emerged ( Park et al., 2008 ; Takahashi et al., 2007 ; Yu et al., 2007 ). Induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, are particularly valuable as disease specific iPSCs can be generated from individuals with specific genetic mutations diseases. Researchers have harnessed the power of stem cells to understand many aspects of developmental biology in model organisms (e.g. worms, mice) and more recently, in humans. Human stem cells in culture recapitulate development. For example, formation of the brain occurs prenatally and follows a specific pattern of timing and cell generation. Human stem cells in the culture dish follow a similar pattern when exposed to developmental cues and can thus be used to understand aspects of prenatal human brain development that are not accessible by other means. Disease-specific iPSCs are a valuable tool to model neural development in specific neurodevelopmental disorders like Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a classic developmental disorder; mistakes that are made during development of a particular organ system result in the characteristics of the disorder. In the brain, mistakes during prenatal brain development lead to intellectual disability. Trisomy 21 (Ts21) iPSCs generated from somatic cells of Down syndrome individuals may enable us to understand the mistakes made during Down syndrome brain development.
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30
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Bhattacharyya A, Panda K, Adroja DT, Kase N, Biswas PK, Saha S, Das T, Lees MR, Hillier AD. Investigation of superconducting gap structure in HfIrSi using muon spin relaxation/rotation. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:085601. [PMID: 31689696 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the superconducting state of HfIrSi using magnetization, specific heat, muon spin rotation and relaxation ([Formula: see text]SR) measurements. Superconductivity was observed at [Formula: see text] K in both specific heat and magnetization measurements. From an analysis of the transverse-field [Formula: see text]SR data, it is clear that the temperature variation of superfluid density is well fitted by an isotropic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) type s-wave gap structure. The superconducting carrier density [Formula: see text] m-3, the magnetic penetration depth, [Formula: see text] nm, and the effective mass, [Formula: see text], were calculated from the TF-[Formula: see text]SR data. Zero-field [Formula: see text]SR data for HfIrSi reveal the absence of any spontaneous magnetic moments below [Formula: see text], indicating that time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is preserved in the superconducting state of HfIrSi. Theoretical investigations suggest that the Hf and Ir atoms hybridize strongly along the c-axis, and that this is responsible for the strong three-dimensionality of this system which screens the Coulomb interaction. As a result, despite the presence of d-electrons in HfIrSi, these correlation effects are weakened, making the electron-phonon coupling more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Howrah 711202, West Bengal, India
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31
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Bhattacharyya A, Adroja DT, Biswas PK, Sato YJ, Lees MR, Aoki D, Hillier AD. Ir 5d-band derived superconductivity in LaIr 3. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:065602. [PMID: 31509814 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The superconducting properties of rhombohedral LaIr3 were examined using susceptibility, resistivity, heat capacity, and zero-field (ZF) and transverse-field (TF) muon spin relaxation and rotation ([Formula: see text]SR) measurements. The susceptibility and resistivity measurements confirm a superconducting transition below [Formula: see text] K. Two successive transitions are observed in the heat capacity data, one at [Formula: see text] K and a second at 1.2 K below [Formula: see text]. The heat capacity jump is [Formula: see text], which is lower than 1.43 expected for Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) weak-coupling limit. TF-[Formula: see text]SR measurements reveal a fully gapped s-wave superconductivity with [Formula: see text], which is small compared to the BCS value of 3.56, suggesting weak-coupling superconductivity. The magnetic penetration depth, [Formula: see text], estimated from TF-[Formula: see text]SR gives [Formula: see text] nm, a superconducting carrier density [Formula: see text] carriers m-3 and a carrier effective-mass enhancement factor [Formula: see text]. ZF-[Formula: see text]SR data show no evidence for any spontaneous magnetic fields below [Formula: see text], which demonstrates that time-reversal symmetry is preserved in the superconducting state of LaIr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, West Bengal, India
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32
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Dong Y, Xiong M, Chen Y, Tao Y, Li X, Bhattacharyya A, Zhang SC. Plasticity of Synaptic Transmission in Human Stem Cell-Derived Neural Networks. iScience 2020; 23:100829. [PMID: 31981924 PMCID: PMC6993006 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation and depression, inferred from analysis on brain slices, are considered the cellular processes underlying learning and memory formation. They have not so far been demonstrated in human stem cell-derived neurons. By expressing channelrhodopsin in hESCs-derived glutamate neurons and co-culturing them with GABA neurons, we found that blue light stimulation increased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and decreased the ratio of paired pulse facilitation (PPF) in non-ChR2-expressing GABA neurons, indicating a facilitating action at the presynaptic terminals. When paired with postsynaptic depolarization, the repetitive stimulation significantly increased the amplitude of light-evoked EPSCs that persisted during the period, indicating long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, low-frequency light stimulation induced long-term depression (LTD). These effects were blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists, suggesting NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity in human neural networks. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons of patient with Down syndrome showed absence of LTP or LTD. Thus, our platform offers a versatile model for assessing human neural plasticity under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Man Xiong
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yezheng Tao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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33
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Bhattacharyya A, Das SL, Basu DA. Evaluation of Risk Factors of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Special Reference to Vitamin B12 Defi ciency. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:52. [PMID: 31979580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S L Das
- Assam Medical College and Hospital
| | - D A Basu
- Assam Medical College and Hospital
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34
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Jones JR, Kong L, Hanna MG, Hoffman B, Krencik R, Bradley R, Hagemann T, Choi J, Doers M, Dubovis M, Sherafat MA, Bhattacharyya A, Kendziorski C, Audhya A, Messing A, Zhang SC. Mutations in GFAP Disrupt the Distribution and Function of Organelles in Human Astrocytes. Cell Rep 2019; 25:947-958.e4. [PMID: 30355500 PMCID: PMC6275075 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
How mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) cause Alexander disease (AxD) remains elusive. We generated iPSCs from two AxD patients and corrected the GFAP mutations to examine the effects of mutant GFAP on human astrocytes. AxD astrocytes displayed GFAP aggregates, recapitulating the pathological hallmark of AxD. RNA sequencing implicated the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle regulation, and cellular metabolism. Corroborating this analysis, we observed enlarged and heterogeneous morphology coupled with perinuclear localization of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes in AxD astrocytes. Functionally, AxD astrocytes showed impaired extracellular ATP release, which is responsible for attenuated calcium wave propagation. These results reveal that AxD-causing mutations in GFAP disrupt intracellular vesicle regulation and impair astrocyte secretion, resulting in astrocyte dysfunction and AxD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Jones
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Linghai Kong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brianna Hoffman
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert Krencik
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert Bradley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tracy Hagemann
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jeea Choi
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew Doers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Marina Dubovis
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Albee Messing
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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35
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Mizuno GO, Wang Y, Shi G, Wang Y, Sun J, Papadopoulos S, Broussard GJ, Unger EK, Deng W, Weick J, Bhattacharyya A, Chen CY, Yu G, Looger LL, Tian L. Aberrant Calcium Signaling in Astrocytes Inhibits Neuronal Excitability in a Human Down Syndrome Stem Cell Model. Cell Rep 2019; 24:355-365. [PMID: 29996097 PMCID: PMC6631348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that causes cognitive impairment. The staggering effects associated with an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) complicates mechanistic understanding of DS pathophysiology. We examined the neuron-astrocyte interplay in a fully recapitulated HSA21 trisomy cellular model differentiated from DS-patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By combining calcium imaging with genetic approaches, we discovered the functional defects of DS astroglia and their effects on neuronal excitability. Compared with control isogenic astroglia, DS astroglia exhibited more-frequent spontaneous calcium fluctuations, which reduced the excitability of co-cultured neurons. Furthermore, suppressed neuronal activity could be rescued by abolishing astrocytic spontaneous calcium activity either chemically by blocking adenosine-mediated signaling or genetically by knockdown of inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptors or S100B, a calcium binding protein coded on HSA21. Our results suggest a mechanism by which DS alters the function of astrocytes, which subsequently disturbs neuronal excitability. To understand how Down syndrome (DS) affects neural networks, Mizuno et al. used a DS-patient-derived stem cell model and calcium imaging to investigate the functional defects of DS astrocytes and their effects on neuronal excitability. Their study reveals that DS astroglia exhibited more frequent spontaneous calcium fluctuations, which impair neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace O Mizuno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yinxue Wang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Guilai Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Junqing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stelios Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gerard J Broussard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Unger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Shriner's Hospital, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jason Weick
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Loren L Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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36
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Walkley SU, Abbeduto L, Batshaw ML, Bhattacharyya A, Bookheimer SY, Christian BT, Constantino JN, de Vellis J, Doherty DA, Nelson DL, Piven J, Poduri A, Pomeroy SL, Samaco RC, Zoghbi HY, Guralnick MJ. Intellectual and developmental disabilities research centers: Fifty years of scientific accomplishments. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:332-343. [PMID: 31206741 PMCID: PMC8320680 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Progress in addressing the origins of intellectual and developmental disabilities accelerated with the establishment 50 years ago of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health and associated Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Centers. Investigators at these Centers have made seminal contributions to understanding human brain and behavioral development and defining mechanisms and treatments of disorders of the developing brain. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:332-343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven U. Walkley
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, University of California, Davis Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders Institute, Sacramento, CA
| | - Mark L. Batshaw
- Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Susan Y. Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual and Developmental Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bradley T. Christian
- Departments of Medical Physics and Psychiatry, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - John N. Constantino
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, St Louis, MO
| | - Jean de Vellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual and Developmental Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel A. Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David L. Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Boston, MA
| | - Scott L. Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Boston, MA
| | - Rodney C. Samaco
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Houston, TX
| | - Huda Y. Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J. Guralnick
- Departments of Psychology and Pediatrics, Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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37
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Hunt JFVS, Li M, Zhao X, Bhattacharyya A. Using Human Neural Progenitor Cell Models to Conduct Large-Scale Drug Screens for Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1942:79-88. [PMID: 30900177 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9080-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput drug screen (HTS) has become a viable approach for new treatment discovery in human diseases. Advances in gene editing technology and human pluripotent stem cell differentiation techniques have expanded the capability of HTS to identify potential treatments for human diseases of the central nervous system. Here, we describe techniques to use a human patient-derived neural progenitor cell luciferase reporter line to screen a large small molecule library.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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38
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Bradley RA, Shireman J, McFalls C, Choi J, Canfield SG, Dong Y, Liu K, Lisota B, Jones JR, Petersen A, Bhattacharyya A, Palecek SP, Shusta EV, Kendziorski C, Zhang SC. Regionally specified human pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes exhibit different molecular signatures and functional properties. Development 2019; 146:dev.170910. [PMID: 31189664 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes display diverse morphologies in different regions of the central nervous system. Whether astrocyte diversity is attributable to developmental processes and bears functional consequences, especially in humans, is unknown. RNA-seq of human pluripotent stem cell-derived regional astrocytes revealed distinct transcript profiles, suggesting differential functional properties. This was confirmed by differential calcium signaling as well as effects on neurite growth and blood-brain barrier formation. Distinct transcriptional profiles and functional properties of human astrocytes generated from regionally specified neural progenitors under the same conditions strongly implicate the developmental impact on astrocyte diversity. These findings provide a rationale for renewed examination of regional astrocytes and their role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Bradley
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jack Shireman
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Caya McFalls
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jeea Choi
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Scott G Canfield
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University - Terre Haute, IN 47885, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katie Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brianne Lisota
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jeffery R Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA .,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
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39
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Indra A, Dey K, Bhattacharyya A, Berlie A, Giri S. Unveiling spin-glass transition and antiferromagnetic order by μSR studies in spin-chain Sm 2BaNiO 5. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:165801. [PMID: 30681979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab01e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the zero-field and longitudinal field muon spin relaxation studies in a spin-chain compound Sm2BaNiO5. Two magnetic transitions, that have not been previously detected by the heat capacity and magnetization measurements, are confirmed at 46 and 9 K. The antiferromagnetic order is suggested at 46 K. Analysis of the muon spin polarization unveils the spin-glass transition at 9 K. Time-field scaling relation of the muon spin polarization verifies the spin-spin autocorrelation function following the cut-off power law, which is approximated by the Ogielski form, as employed numerically for characterizing the spin-glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Indra
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India. Department of Physics, Srikrishna College, Bagula, Nadia, W. B., 741502, India
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40
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Bhattacharyya A, Adroja DT, Panda K, Saha S, Das T, Machado AJS, Cigarroa OV, Grant TW, Fisk Z, Hillier AD, Manfrinetti P. Evidence of a Nodal Line in the Superconducting Gap Symmetry of Noncentrosymmetric ThCoC_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:147001. [PMID: 31050469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.147001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The newly discovered noncentrosymmetric superconductor ThCoC_{2} exhibits numerous types of unconventional behavior in the field dependent heat capacity data. Here we present the first measurement of the gap symmetry of ThCoC_{2} by muon spin rotation and relaxation (μSR) measurements. The temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth measured using the transverse field μSR experiment reveals the evidence of a nodal pairing symmetry. To understand this finding, we carry out calculations of the superconducting pairing eigenvalue and eigenfunction (pairing symmetry) due to the spin-fluctuation mechanism by directly implementing the ab initio band structures. We find that the system possesses a single Fermi surface with considerable three dimensionality and a strong nesting along the k_{z} direction. Such nesting promotes a superconducting state with a cosk_{z}-like pairing symmetry with a prominent nodal line on the k_{z}=±π/2 plane. The result agrees well with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, West Bengal, India
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - D T Adroja
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Highly Correlated Matter Research Group, Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - K Panda
- Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, West Bengal, India
| | - Surabhi Saha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tanmoy Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - A J S Machado
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, P. O. Box 116, Lorena, São Paulo, 12602810
| | - O V Cigarroa
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, P. O. Box 116, Lorena, São Paulo, 12602810
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - T W Grant
- Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, P. O. Box 116, Lorena, São Paulo, 12602810
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Z Fisk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A D Hillier
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P Manfrinetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
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41
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Bhattacharyya A, Ansari SA, Prabhu DR, Kumar D, Mohapatra PK. Highly efficient separation of Am3+ and Eu3+ using an aqueous soluble sulfonated BTP derivative by hollow-fiber supported liquid membrane containing TODGA. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1578803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bhattacharyya
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - S. A. Ansari
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - D. R. Prabhu
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program (RPhP) Group, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Vashi, Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - P. K. Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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42
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Rawat N, Kar A, Bhattacharyya A, Yadav AK, Bhattacharyya D, Jha SN, Kumar P, Nayak SK, Tomar BS. Complexation of U(VI) with Cucurbit[5]uril: Thermodynamic and Structural investigation in aqueous medium. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 207:354-362. [PMID: 30292112 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of cucurbituril (CBn) for selective removal of actinides from nuclear waste streams requires comprehensive understanding of binding parameters and coordination of these complexes. The present work is the first experimental report on complexation of actinide ion with Cucurbit[5]uril (CB5) in solution. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) for complexation of CB5 with U(VI) in formic acid water medium were determined using microcalorimetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The enthalpy and entropy of complexation revealed the partial binding of U(VI) to CB5 portal. The partial binding was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques viz. extended X absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), 1H and 13C NMR. The EXAFS χ(r) versus r spectra for U-CB5 complex has been fitted from 1.4 to 3.5 Å with two oxygen shells and a carbon shell. The presence of three carbon atom in secondary shell shows the involvement of only three carbonyl oxygens directly bonding to U(VI) which is in contrast to that calculated from gas phase DFT calculation of unhydrated system. The combined effect of hydration and formic acid encapsulation led to the enhanced stability of partially bound U(VI) to CB5. In the present work the binding of formic acid has also been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. ESI-MS data shows the unusual stabilization of U(VI) by CB5 in gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Rawat
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Aishwarya Kar
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - A Bhattacharyya
- Radiochemistry Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - A K Yadav
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - D Bhattacharyya
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S N Jha
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - P Kumar
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S K Nayak
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - B S Tomar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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43
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Sun J, Carlson-Stevermer J, Das U, Shen M, Delenclos M, Snead AM, Koo SY, Wang L, Qiao D, Loi J, Petersen AJ, Stockton M, Bhattacharyya A, Jones MV, Zhao X, McLean PJ, Sproul AA, Saha K, Roy S. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of APP C-terminus attenuates β-cleavage and promotes α-cleavage. Nat Commun 2019; 10:53. [PMID: 30604771 PMCID: PMC6318289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 guided gene-editing is a potential therapeutic tool, however application to neurodegenerative disease models has been limited. Moreover, conventional mutation correction by gene-editing would only be relevant for the small fraction of neurodegenerative cases that are inherited. Here we introduce a CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy in cell and animal models to edit endogenous amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the extreme C-terminus and reciprocally manipulate the amyloid pathway, attenuating APP-β-cleavage and Aβ production, while up-regulating neuroprotective APP-α-cleavage. APP N-terminus and compensatory APP-homologues remain intact, with no apparent effects on neurophysiology in vitro. Robust APP-editing is seen in human iPSC-derived neurons and mouse brains with no detectable off-target effects. Our strategy likely works by limiting APP and BACE-1 approximation, and we also delineate mechanistic events that abrogates APP/BACE-1 convergence in this setting. Our work offers conceptual proof for a selective APP silencing strategy. Gene editing strategies are typically designed to correct mutant genes, but most neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic. Here the authors describe a strategy to selectively edit the C-terminus of APP and attenuate amyloid-β production, while upregulating neuroprotective α-cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jared Carlson-Stevermer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N. Orchard, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Minjie Shen
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Amanda M Snead
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 630W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 630W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Dianhua Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan Loi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew J Petersen
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael Stockton
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mathew V Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Andrew A Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 630W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N. Orchard, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Subhojit Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Abstract
The analysis of animal models of neurological disease has been instrumental in furthering our understanding of neurodevelopment and brain diseases. However, animal models are limited in revealing some of the most fundamental aspects of development, genetics, pathology, and disease mechanisms that are unique to humans. These shortcomings are exaggerated in disorders that affect the brain, where the most significant differences between humans and animal models exist, and could underscore failures in targeted therapeutic interventions in affected individuals. Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a much-needed model system for investigating human-specific biology and disease mechanisms. However, questions remain regarding whether these cell-culture-based models are sufficient or even necessary. In this review, we summarize human-specific features of neurodevelopment and the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, present discrepancies between animal models and human diseases, demonstrate how human stem cell models can provide meaningful information, and discuss the challenges that exist in our pursuit to understand distinctively human aspects of neurodevelopment and brain disease. This information argues for a more thoughtful approach to disease modeling through consideration of the valuable features and limitations of each model system, be they human or animal, to mimic disease characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA.
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA.
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45
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Bhattacharyya A, Tahir A, Chandrashekar A, Vasisht S, Stinson L, Omatseye J. A cost-utility analysis of decompressive hemicraniectomy versus medical treatment in the management of space-occupying brain oedema post middle cerebral artery infarction. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:313-e19. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Tahir
- Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine; London UK
| | | | - S. Vasisht
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Brighton UK
| | - L. Stinson
- King's College London School of Medical Education; London UK
| | - J. Omatseye
- University of Liverpool School of Medicine; Liverpool UK
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Ludwig TE, Kujak A, Rauti A, Andrzejewski S, Langbehn S, Mayfield J, Fuller J, Yashiro Y, Hara Y, Bhattacharyya A. 20 Years of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research: It All Started with Five Lines. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:644-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Chatterjee S, Chatterjee A, Jana S, Roy H, Nargis N, Bhattacharyya A. Breast tumor-associated exosomes mediate loss of antitumor immune response by arresting cytotoxic T cell functions in the tumor microenvironment. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy427.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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48
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Nair HS, Kumar CMN, Adroja DT, Ritter C, Wills AS, Kockelmann WA, Deen PP, Bhattacharyya A, Strydom AM. Magnetic structure and field-dependent magnetic phase diagram of Ni 2In-type PrCuSi. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:435803. [PMID: 30229750 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae28d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic structure of the ternary equiatomic intermetallic compound PrCuSi is investigated using neutron powder diffraction experiments in 0 T as well as in external magnetic fields up to 2 T. The PrCuSi compound crystallizes in the hexagonal Ni2In-type structure, in the space group P63/mmc. In this structure, cationic ordering of Cu and Si takes place. The antiferromagnetic phase transition in the Pr sublattice takes place at [Formula: see text] K in 0 T. Under an external magnetic field of 2 T, a field-induced ferromagnetic phase is observed. Magnetoelastic coupling is evidenced by an increase in the unit cell volume. Clear signatures of a mixed antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phase in weak, intermediate fields, 0.4-0.8 T, are obtained from the present study. Using the present set of experimental data, we construct the H - T phase diagram of PrCuSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan S Nair
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, United States of America
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49
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Reeves RH, Delabar J, Potier MC, Bhattacharyya A, Head E, Lemere C, Dekker AD, De Deyn P, Caviedes P, Dierssen M, Busciglio J. Paving the Way for Therapy: The Second International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:279-286. [PMID: 30800043 DOI: 10.1159/000494231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a number of important research advances in different fields have allowed Down syndrome (DS) research to flourish, creating a time of both unparalleled opportunity and considerable challenge. Building a scientific framework that distills mechanisms involved in the developmental intellectual disability of DS as well as the early-onset component of Alzheimer disease and the several other comorbidities associated with the condition is a challenge that scientists are now tackling using novel technologies and multidisciplinary approaches. The Trisomy 21 Research Society (T21RS) was founded in 2014 to address these evolving needs and challenges. In June of 2017, the T21RS held its 2nd International Conference in Chicago, USA. With more than 200 scientists, advocates, people with DS, and family members in attendance, the meeting served as a forum for the discussion of the latest research and clinical advances as well as the most compelling needs of people with DS and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Reeves
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Alain D Dekker
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Deyn
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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50
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Sun J, Carlson-Stevermer J, Das U, Shen M, Wang L, Loi J, Petersen A, Stockton M, Delenclos M, McLean P, Bhattacharyya A, Jones M, Zhao X, Saha K, Roy S. O5‐05‐01: A CRISPR/CAS9 BASED STRATEGY TO ATTENUATE THE β‐AMYLOID PATHWAY. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Sun
- University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | | | - Utpal Das
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Lina Wang
- University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Jon Loi
- University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinyu Zhao
- University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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