1
|
Jones JR, Patterson RC. Gated pathways as an avenue for receiving targeted student feedback. J Dent Educ 2024. [PMID: 38693652 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Jones
- Teaching and Learning Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rita C Patterson
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation & Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manole A, Wong T, Rhee A, Novak S, Chin SM, Tsimring K, Paucar A, Williams A, Newmeyer TF, Schafer ST, Rosh I, Kaushik S, Hoffman R, Chen S, Wang G, Snyder M, Cuervo AM, Andrade L, Manor U, Lee K, Jones JR, Stern S, Marchetto MC, Gage FH. NGLY1 mutations cause protein aggregation in human neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113466. [PMID: 38039131 PMCID: PMC10826878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the gene that encodes the enzyme N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) cause a rare disease with multi-symptomatic features including developmental delay, intellectual disability, neuropathy, and seizures. NGLY1's activity in human neural cells is currently not well understood. To understand how NGLY1 gene loss leads to the specific phenotypes of NGLY1 deficiency, we employed direct conversion of NGLY1 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to functional cortical neurons. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional studies of iPSC-derived neurons lacking NGLY1 function revealed several major cellular processes that were altered, including protein aggregate-clearing functionality, mitochondrial homeostasis, and synaptic dysfunctions. These phenotypes were rescued by introduction of a functional NGLY1 gene and were observed in iPSC-derived mature neurons but not astrocytes. Finally, laser capture microscopy followed by mass spectrometry provided detailed characterization of the composition of protein aggregates specific to NGLY1-deficient neurons. Future studies will harness this knowledge for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Manole
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Wong
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amanda Rhee
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sammy Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shao-Ming Chin
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katya Tsimring
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andres Paucar
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Williams
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Traci Fang Newmeyer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon T Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rene Hoffman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Songjie Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guangwen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leo Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Grace Science Foundation, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patterson RC, Jones JR. Developing time management with preclinical dental students via a preclinical exercise in an organization. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:1250-1256. [PMID: 37208799 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Developing time management is an important aspect of a dental student's passage to clinical care and in their growth as a professional. Suitable time management and preparedness can potentially impact the prognosis of a successful dental appointment. The objective of this study was to determine if a time management exercise could be effective to increase students' preparedness, organization, time management, and reflection during simulated clinical care prior to transitioning to the dental clinic. METHODS Students completed five-time management exercises during the term preceding their entrance into the predoctoral restorative clinic which included appointment planning and organization, and reflection once finished. Pre- and post-term surveys were used to determine the impact of the experience. Quantitative data was analyzed using a paired t-test and the qualitative data was thematically coded by the researchers. RESULTS Students reported a statistically significant increase in their self-confidence of clinical readiness after completion of the time management series, and all students completed the surveys. The themes indicated by students through their comments in the post-survey question regarding the experience were as follows: planning and preparation, time management, the practice of procedures, concern about workload, faculty encouragement, and unclear. Most students also reported the exercise to be beneficial for their predoctoral clinical appointments. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that the time management exercises were effective for the students as they transitioned to treating patients in the predoctoral clinic and can be used for future classes to increase their success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Patterson
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Division of Restorative Dentistry at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jones
- Teaching and Learning Center at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Traxler L, Lucciola R, Herdy JR, Jones JR, Mertens J, Gage FH. Neural cell state shifts and fate loss in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:434-443. [PMID: 37268723 PMCID: PMC10478103 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain incurable owing to an incomplete understanding of the disease mechanisms. Several environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease onset, with human biological ageing being the primary risk factor. In response to acute cellular damage and external stimuli, somatic cells undergo state shifts characterized by temporal changes in their structure and function that increase their resilience, repair cellular damage, and lead to their mobilization to counteract the pathology. This basic cell biological principle also applies to human brain cells, including mature neurons that upregulate developmental features such as cell cycle markers or glycolytic reprogramming in response to stress. Although such temporary state shifts are required to sustain the function and resilience of the young human brain, excessive state shifts in the aged brain might result in terminal fate loss of neurons and glia, characterized by a permanent change in cell identity. Here, we offer a new perspective on the roles of cell states in sustaining health and counteracting disease, and we examine how cellular ageing might set the stage for pathological fate loss and neurodegeneration. A better understanding of neuronal state and fate shifts might provide the means for a controlled manipulation of cell fate to promote brain resilience and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Traxler
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Lucciola
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Herdy
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ganeshaaraj G, Kaushalya S, Kondarage AI, Karunaratne A, Jones JR, Nanayakkara ND. Semantic Segmentation of Micro-CT Images to Analyze Bone Ingrowth into Biodegradable Scaffolds. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022; 2022:3830-3833. [PMID: 36086069 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9870828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The healing of bone fractures is a complex and well-orchestrated physiological process, but normal healing is compromised when the fracture is large. These large non-union fractures often require a template with surgical intervention for healing. The standard treatment, autografting, has drawbacks such as donor site pain and limited availability. Biodegradable scaffolds developed using biomaterials such as bioactive glass are a potential solution. Investigation of bone ingrowth into biodegradable scaffolds is an important aspect of their development. Micro-CT (μ-CT) imaging is widely used to evaluate and quantify tissue ingrowth into scaffolds in 3D. Existing segmentation techniques have low accuracy in differentiating bone and scaffold, and need improvements to accurately quantify the bone in-growth into the scaffold using μ-CT scans. This study proposes a novel 3-stage pipeline for better outcome. The first stage of the pipeline is based on a convolutional neural network for the segmentation of the scaffold, bone, and pores from μ-CT images to investigate bone ingrowth. A 3D rigid image registration procedure was employed in the next stage to extract the volume of interest (VOI) for the analysis. In the final stage, algorithms were developed to quantitatively analyze bone ingrowth and scaffold degradation. The best model for segmentation produced a dice similarity coefficient score of 90.1, intersection over union score of 83.9, and pixel accuracy of 93.1 for unseen test data.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kondarage AI, Gayani B, Poologasundarampillai G, Nommeots-Nomm A, Lee PD, Lalitharatne TD, Nanayakkara ND, Jones JR, Karunaratne A. Detection and Tracking Volumes of Interest in 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Scaffolds using 4D Imaging Modalities. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:1230-1233. [PMID: 34891509 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) platforms allow the production of patient tissue engineering scaffolds with desirable architectures. Although AM platforms offer exceptional control on architecture, post-processing methods such as sintering and freeze-drying often deform the printed scaffold structure. In-situ 4D imaging can be used to analyze changes that occur during post-processing. Visualization and analysis of changes in selected volumes of interests (VOIs) over time are essential to understand the underlining mechanisms of scaffold deformations. Yet, automated detection and tracking of VOIs in the 3D printed scaffold over time using 4D image data is currently an unsolved image processing task. This paper proposes a new image processing technique to segment, detect and track volumes of interest in 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. The method is validated using a 4D synchrotron sourced microCT image data captured during the sintering of bioactive glass scaffolds in-situ. The proposed method will contribute to the development of scaffolds with controllable designs and optimum properties for the development of patient-specific scaffolds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jones JR, Barber A, Le Bihan YV, Weinhold N, Ashby C, Walker BA, Wardell CP, Wang H, Kaiser MF, Jackson GH, Davies FE, Chopra R, Morgan GJ, Pawlyn C. Mutations in CRBN and other cereblon pathway genes are infrequently associated with acquired resistance to immunomodulatory drugs. Leukemia 2021; 35:3017-3020. [PMID: 34373585 PMCID: PMC8478640 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
- Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - A Barber
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - N Weinhold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Ashby
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA
| | - B A Walker
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA
| | - C P Wardell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA
| | - H Wang
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M F Kaiser
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - G H Jackson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - F E Davies
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - R Chopra
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Apple Tree Partners, London, UK
| | - G J Morgan
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - C Pawlyn
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reid DA, Reed PJ, Schlachetzki JCM, Nitulescu II, Chou G, Tsui EC, Jones JR, Chandran S, Lu AT, McClain CA, Ooi JH, Wang TW, Lana AJ, Linker SB, Ricciardulli AS, Lau S, Schafer ST, Horvath S, Dixon JR, Hah N, Glass CK, Gage FH. Incorporation of a nucleoside analog maps genome repair sites in postmitotic human neurons. Science 2021; 372:91-94. [PMID: 33795458 PMCID: PMC9179101 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the longest-lived cells in our bodies and lack DNA replication, which makes them reliant on a limited repertoire of DNA repair mechanisms to maintain genome fidelity. These repair mechanisms decline with age, but we have limited knowledge of how genome instability emerges and what strategies neurons and other long-lived cells may have evolved to protect their genomes over the human life span. A targeted sequencing approach in human embryonic stem cell-induced neurons shows that, in neurons, DNA repair is enriched at well-defined hotspots that protect essential genes. These hotspots are enriched with histone H2A isoforms and RNA binding proteins and are associated with evolutionarily conserved elements of the human genome. These findings provide a basis for understanding genome integrity as it relates to aging and disease in the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Reid
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.,Corresponding author. (D.A.R.); (F.H.G.)
| | - Patrick J. Reed
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0651, USA
| | - Ioana I. Nitulescu
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Grace Chou
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Enoch C. Tsui
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Sahaana Chandran
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Ake T. Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Claire A. McClain
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Jean H. Ooi
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen Wang
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Addison J. Lana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0651, USA
| | - Sara B. Linker
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Anthony S. Ricciardulli
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Shong Lau
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Simon T. Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jesse R. Dixon
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0651, USA
| | - Fred H. Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.,Corresponding author. (D.A.R.); (F.H.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jones JR, Kong L, Hanna MG, Hoffman B, Krencik R, Bradley R, Hagemann T, Choi J, Doers M, Dubovis M, Sherafat MA, Bhattacharyya A, Kendziorski C, Audhya A, Messing A, Zhang SC. Mutations in GFAP Disrupt the Distribution and Function of Organelles in Human Astrocytes. Cell Rep 2019; 25:947-958.e4. [PMID: 30355500 PMCID: PMC6275075 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
How mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) cause Alexander disease (AxD) remains elusive. We generated iPSCs from two AxD patients and corrected the GFAP mutations to examine the effects of mutant GFAP on human astrocytes. AxD astrocytes displayed GFAP aggregates, recapitulating the pathological hallmark of AxD. RNA sequencing implicated the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle regulation, and cellular metabolism. Corroborating this analysis, we observed enlarged and heterogeneous morphology coupled with perinuclear localization of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes in AxD astrocytes. Functionally, AxD astrocytes showed impaired extracellular ATP release, which is responsible for attenuated calcium wave propagation. These results reveal that AxD-causing mutations in GFAP disrupt intracellular vesicle regulation and impair astrocyte secretion, resulting in astrocyte dysfunction and AxD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Jones
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Linghai Kong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brianna Hoffman
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert Krencik
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert Bradley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tracy Hagemann
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jeea Choi
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew Doers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Marina Dubovis
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Albee Messing
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Autefage H, Allen F, Tang HM, Kallepitis C, Gentleman E, Reznikov N, Nitiputri K, Nommeots-Nomm A, O'Donnell MD, Lange C, Seidt BM, Kim TB, Solanki AK, Tallia F, Young G, Lee PD, Pierce BF, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P, Goodship A, Jones JR, Blunn G, Stevens MM. Multiscale analyses reveal native-like lamellar bone repair and near perfect bone-contact with porous strontium-loaded bioactive glass. Biomaterials 2019; 209:152-162. [PMID: 31048149 PMCID: PMC6527862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficient healing of critical-sized bone defects using synthetic biomaterial-based strategies is promising but remains challenging as it requires the development of biomaterials that combine a 3D porous architecture and a robust biological activity. Bioactive glasses (BGs) are attractive candidates as they stimulate a biological response that favors osteogenesis and vascularization, but amorphous 3D porous BGs are difficult to produce because conventional compositions crystallize during processing. Here, we rationally designed a porous, strontium-releasing, bioactive glass-based scaffold (pSrBG) whose composition was tailored to deliver strontium and whose properties were optimized to retain an amorphous phase, induce tissue infiltration and encourage bone formation. The hypothesis was that it would allow the repair of a critical-sized defect in an ovine model with newly-formed bone exhibiting physiological matrix composition and structural architecture. Histological and histomorphometric analyses combined with indentation testing showed pSrBG encouraged near perfect bone-to-material contact and the formation of well-organized lamellar bone. Analysis of bone quality by a combination of Raman spectral imaging, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray fluorescence and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the repaired tissue was akin to that of normal, healthy bone, and incorporated small amounts of strontium in the newly formed bone mineral. These data show the potential of pSrBG to induce an efficient repair of critical-sized bone defects and establish the importance of thorough multi-scale characterization in assessing biomaterial outcomes in large animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Autefage
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Allen
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - H M Tang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Kallepitis
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - N Reznikov
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Nitiputri
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Nommeots-Nomm
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M D O'Donnell
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Lange
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B M Seidt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - T B Kim
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A K Solanki
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Tallia
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Young
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P D Lee
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - B F Pierce
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Goodship
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Blunn
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
| | - M M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shah V, Sherborne AL, Walker BA, Johnson DC, Boyle EM, Ellis S, Begum DB, Proszek PZ, Jones JR, Pawlyn C, Savola S, Jenner MW, Drayson MT, Owen RG, Houlston RS, Cairns DA, Gregory WM, Cook G, Davies FE, Jackson GH, Morgan GJ, Kaiser MF. Prediction of outcome in newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of the molecular profiles of 1905 trial patients. Leukemia 2017; 32:102-110. [PMID: 28584253 PMCID: PMC5590713 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Robust establishment of survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and its relationship to recurrent genetic aberrations is required as outcomes are variable despite apparent similar staging. We assayed copy number alterations (CNA) and translocations in 1036 patients from the NCRI Myeloma XI trial and linked these to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Through a meta-anlysis of these data with data from MRC Myeloma IX trial, totalling 1905 newly diagnosed MM patients (NDMM), we confirm the association of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p) and gain(1q21) with poor prognosis with hazard ratios (HRs) for OS of 1.60 (P=4.77 × 10-7), 1.74 (P=0.0005), 1.90 (P=0.0089), 2.10 (P=8.86 × 10-14) and 1.68 (P=2.18 × 10-14), respectively. Patients with 'double-hit' defined by co-occurrence of at least two adverse lesions have an especially poor prognosis with HRs for OS of 2.67 (P=8.13 × 10-27) for all patients and 3.19 (P=1.23 × 10-18) for intensively treated patients. Using comprehensive CNA and translocation profiling in Myeloma XI we also demonstrate a strong association between t(4;14) and BIRC2/BIRC3 deletion (P=8.7 × 10-15), including homozygous deletion. Finally, we define distinct sub-groups of hyperdiploid MM, with either gain(1q21) and CCND2 overexpression (P<0.0001) or gain(11q25) and CCND1 overexpression (P<0.0001). Profiling multiple genetic lesions can identify MM patients likely to relapse early allowing stratification of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Shah
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A L Sherborne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - B A Walker
- MIRT, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - D C Johnson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - E M Boyle
- Department of Haematology, Hopital Huriez, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - S Ellis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D B Begum
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Z Proszek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J R Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Pawlyn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S Savola
- MRC Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W Jenner
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M T Drayson
- Clinical Immunology, School of Immunity & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R G Owen
- Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R S Houlston
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D A Cairns
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - W M Gregory
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Cook
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - F E Davies
- MIRT, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G H Jackson
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G J Morgan
- MIRT, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M F Kaiser
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jones JR, Cairns DA, Gregory WM, Collett C, Pawlyn C, Sigsworth R, Striha A, Henderson R, Kaiser MF, Jenner M, Cook G, Russell NH, Williams C, Pratt G, Kishore B, Lindsay J, Drayson MT, Davies FE, Boyd KD, Owen RG, Jackson GH, Morgan GJ. Second malignancies in the context of lenalidomide treatment: an analysis of 2732 myeloma patients enrolled to the Myeloma XI trial. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e506. [PMID: 27935580 PMCID: PMC5223149 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have carried out the largest randomised trial to date of newly diagnosed myeloma patients, in which lenalidomide has been used as an induction and maintenance treatment option and here report its impact on second primary malignancy (SPM) incidence and pathology. After review, 104 SPMs were confirmed in 96 of 2732 trial patients. The cumulative incidence of SPM was 0.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–1.0%), 2.3% (95% CI 1.6–2.7%) and 3.8% (95% CI 2.9–4.6%) at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. Patients receiving maintenance lenalidomide had a significantly higher SPM incidence overall (P=0.011). Age is a risk factor with the highest SPM incidence observed in transplant non-eligible patients aged >74 years receiving lenalidomide maintenance. The 3-year cumulative incidence in this group was 17.3% (95% CI 8.2–26.4%), compared with 6.5% (95% CI 0.2–12.9%) in observation only patients (P=0.049). There was a low overall incidence of haematological SPM (0.5%). The higher SPM incidence in patients receiving lenalidomide maintenance therapy, especially in advanced age, warrants ongoing monitoring although the benefit on survival is likely to outweigh risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D A Cairns
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - W M Gregory
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C Collett
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C Pawlyn
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Sigsworth
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Striha
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Henderson
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M F Kaiser
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Jenner
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - G Cook
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - N H Russell
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Williams
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - G Pratt
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Kishore
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Lindsay
- Department of Haematology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - M T Drayson
- Clinical Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F E Davies
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K D Boyd
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - G H Jackson
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G J Morgan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pawlyn C, Fowkes L, Otero S, Jones JR, Boyd KD, Davies FE, Morgan GJ, Collins DJ, Sharma B, Riddell A, Kaiser MF, Messiou C. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI: a new gold standard for assessing disease burden in patients with multiple myeloma? Leukemia 2016; 30:1446-8. [PMID: 26648535 PMCID: PMC4895156 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Pawlyn
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L Fowkes
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Otero
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J R Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K D Boyd
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - F E Davies
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G J Morgan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - D J Collins
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute Of Cancer Research, and The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B Sharma
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Riddell
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M F Kaiser
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Messiou
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jones JR, Zhang SC. Engineering human cells and tissues through pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:133-138. [PMID: 27082135 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The utility of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) depends on their ability to produce functional cells and tissues of the body. Two strategies have been developed: directed differentiation of enriched populations of cells that match a regional and functional profile and spontaneous generation of three-dimensional organoids that resemble tissues in the body. Genomic editing of hPSCs and their differentiated cells broadens the use of the hPSC paradigm in studying human cellular function and disease as well as developing therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Jones
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fiocco L, Li S, Bernardo E, Stevens MM, Jones JR. Highly porous polymer-derived wollastonite–hydroxycarbonate apatite ceramics for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:025016. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
16
|
Fiedler T, Belova IV, Murch GE, Poologasundarampillai G, Jones JR, Roether JA, Boccaccini AR. A comparative study of oxygen diffusion in tissue engineering scaffolds. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25:2573-2578. [PMID: 25016936 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds are designed to support tissue self-healing within physiological environments by promoting the attachment, growth and differentiation of relevant cells. Newly formed tissue must be supplied with sufficient levels of oxygen to prevent necrosis. Oxygen diffusion is the major transport mechanism before vascularization is completed and oxygen is predominantly supplied via blood vessels. The present study compares different designs for scaffolds in the context of their oxygen diffusion ability. In all cases, oxygen diffusion is confined to the scaffold pores that are assumed to be completely occupied by newly formed tissue. The solid phase of the scaffolds acts as diffusion barrier that locally inhibits oxygen diffusion, i.e. no oxygen passes through the scaffold material. As a result, the oxygen diffusivity is determined by the scaffold porosity and pore architecture. Lattice Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the normalized oxygen diffusivities in scaffolds obtained by the foam replication (FR) method, robocasting and sol-gel foaming. Scaffolds made by the FR method were found to have the highest oxygen diffusivity due to their high porosity and interconnected pores. These structures enable the best oxygen supply for newly formed tissue among the scaffold types considered according to the present numerical predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Fiedler
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2287, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brunton LA, Reeves HE, Snow LC, Jones JR. A longitudinal field trial assesing the impact of feeding waste milk containing antibiotic residues on the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in calves. Prev Vet Med 2014; 117:403-12. [PMID: 25172121 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A longitudinal field trial was carried out on a farm known to harbour cefotaximase (CTX-M)-positive Escherichia coli, in order to assess the impact of feeding waste milk containing antibiotic residues (WM+AR) on the prevalence of these bacteria in the faeces of calves. Fifty calves were alternately assigned to one of two groups at birth and fed either milk replacer (control group) or WM+AR (treatment group). Faecal samples were collected from all calves daily for the first week after enrolment, twice weekly until weaning, then weekly for a further six weeks. Environmental samples from the calf housing were collected weekly. WM+AR and powdered milk samples were examined for antibiotic residues and CTX-M-positive E. coli. Total E. coli and CTX-M-positive E. coli in faecal samples were enumerated using selective media. Regression analyses were performed on the bacterial count data using a population-averaged approach based on generalised estimating equations (GEE) to account for repeated measurements on individual calves over time. Cefquinome, a fourth generation cephalosporin, was detected in 87% of WM+AR samples at a mean concentration of 0.746 mg/l. All environmental sampling locations yielded CTX-M-positive E. coli. Significantly more pen floor samples were positive in the treatment group. Calves in the treatment group shed greater numbers of CTX-M-positive E. coli than calves in the control group throughout the study, and shedding decreased at a slower rate in the treatment group. CTX-M-positive E. coli persisted in a larger number of calves fed WM+AR compared with calves fed milk replacer where the prevalence in the treatment group declined significantly slower over time. There was no difference between calves fed WM+AR or calves fed milk replacer in the proportion of E. coli isolates that were CTX-M-positive. These findings indicate that feeding WM+AR increased the amount of resistant bacteria shed in the faeces. Shedding of CTX-M-positive E. coli persisted for longer in calves fed WM+AR, and persisted after weaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Brunton
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - H E Reeves
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - L C Snow
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - J R Jones
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Jobs Well Road, Johnstown, Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire SA31 3EZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Poologasundarampillai G, Wang D, Li S, Nakamura J, Bradley R, Lee PD, Stevens MM, McPhail DS, Kasuga T, Jones JR. Cotton-wool-like bioactive glasses for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3733-46. [PMID: 24874652 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic sol-gel solutions were electrospun to produce the first bioactive three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration with a structure like cotton-wool (or cotton candy). This flexible 3-D fibrous structure is ideal for packing into complex defects. It also has large inter-fiber spaces to promote vascularization, penetration of cells and transport of nutrients throughout the scaffold. The 3-D fibrous structure was obtained by electrospinning, where the applied electric field and the instabilities exert tremendous force on the spinning jet, which is required to be viscoelastic to prevent jet break up. Previously, polymer binding agents were used with inorganic solutions to produce electrospun composite two-dimensional fibermats, requiring calcination to remove the polymer. This study presents novel reaction and processing conditions for producing a viscoelastic inorganic sol-gel solution that results in fibers by the entanglement of the intermolecularly overlapped nanosilica species in the solution, eliminating the need for a binder. Three-dimensional cotton-wool-like structures were only produced when solutions containing calcium nitrate were used, suggesting that the charge of the Ca(2+) ions had a significant effect. The resulting bioactive silica fibers had a narrow diameter range of 0.5-2μm and were nanoporous. A hydroxycarbonate apatite layer was formed on the fibers within the first 12h of soaking in simulated body fluid. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells cultured on the fibers showed no adverse cytotoxic effect and they were observed to attach to and spread in the material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Wang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - R Bradley
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - P D Lee
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - M M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - D S McPhail
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - T Kasuga
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - J R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zavadzkas JA, Stroud RE, Bouges S, Mukherjee R, Jones JR, Patel RK, McDermott PJ, Spinale FG. Targeted overexpression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-4 modifies post-myocardial infarction remodeling in mice. Circ Res 2014; 114:1435-45. [PMID: 24637197 PMCID: PMC4040980 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction (MI) causes an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and is associated with adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling. A uniform reduction in TIMP-4 post-MI has been observed. OBJECTIVE To examine post-MI remodeling with cardiac-restricted overexpression of TIMP-4, either through a transgenic or viral delivery approach. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was induced in mice and then randomized to targeted injection of an adenoviral construct (10 μL; 8×10(9) plaque forming units/mL) encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the full-length human TIMP-4 (Ad-GFP-TIMP4) or GFP. A transgenic construct with cardiac-restricted overexpression TIMP-4 (hTIMP-4exp) was used in a parallel set of studies. LV end-diastolic volume, an index of LV remodeling, increased by >60% from baseline at 5 days post-MI and by >100% at 21 days post-MI in the Ad-GFP only group. However, LV dilation was reduced by ≈50% in both the Ad-GFP-TIMP4 and hTIMP-4exp groups at these post-MI time points. LV ejection fraction was improved with either Ad-GFP-TIMP-4 or hTIMP-4exp. Fibrillar collagen expression and content were increased within the MI region with both TIMP-4 interventions, suggestive of matrix stabilization. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that selective myocardial targeting for TIMP-4 induction through either a viral or transgenic approach favorably altered the course of adverse LV remodeling post-MI. Thus, localized induction of endogenous matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, such as TIMP-4, holds promise as a means to interrupt the progression of post-MI remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juozas A. Zavadzkas
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston
| | - Robert E. Stroud
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston
| | - Shenikqua Bouges
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston
| | - Jeffrey R. Jones
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston
| | - Risha K. Patel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston
| | - Paul J. McDermott
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jones JR, Mulville JA, McGill RAR, Evershed RP. Palaeoenvironmental modelling of δ(13) C and δ(15) N values in the North Atlantic Islands: understanding past marine resource use. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:2399-2406. [PMID: 22976206 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbon (δ(13) C) and nitrogen (δ(15) N) analysis has been extensively used to investigate the importance of marine foods in the diet of archaeological populations in the North Atlantic Islands; however, few faunal studies exist to aid the interpretation of results. Palaeoenvironmental modelling of δ(13) C and δ(15) N values is crucial in determining whether changes in the stable isotope values are a result of dietary change, rather than temporal or geographical fluctuations in carbon and nitrogen. Investigating faunal dietary behaviour can provide an insight into past foddering and land management strategies. METHODS Detailed sampling of wild and domestic species for bulk collagen analysis was undertaken in order to characterise geographical variations in δ(13) C and δ(15) N values in the Outer Hebrides and Orkney. Samples from the Neolithic to the Norse period were analysed to assess temporal and geographical variations in δ(13) C and δ(15) N values, in addition to determining the contribution of marine foods to the diet of local fauna. RESULTS A δ(15) N shift of 1‰ was observed between the Outer Hebrides and Orkney in the Neolithic and Iron Age. A geographical variation in δ(13) C values was observed in the Norse period between Orkney and the Outer Hebrides. Temporal fluctuations in δ(13) C and δ(15) N values demonstrate variations in foddering practices of sheep in the Outer Hebrides. Pig specimens from the Outer Hebrides demonstrated evidence of marine food consumption in the Iron Age. CONCLUSIONS Faunal dietary behaviour can act as a vital indicator of the importance of marine resources in the past. Characterisation of faunal δ(13) C and δ(15) N values geographically and temporally is crucial in our interpretation of human dietary behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Jones
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zarate YA, Zhan H, Jones JR. Infrequent Manifestations of Kabuki Syndrome in a Patient with Novel MLL2 Mutation. Mol Syndromol 2012; 3:180-4. [PMID: 23239960 DOI: 10.1159/000342253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 9-month-old Hispanic female with Kabuki syndrome with some infrequent manifestations including a single umbilical artery, butterfly vertebrae, a small larynx, a preauricular pit, microtia with internal ear abnormalities, abnormal calcium metabolism, premature thelarche, neonatal/persistent hypoglycemia and eventration of the diaphragm. She was found to have a previously unreported nonsense MLL2 mutation. This is the first case that includes all such findings occurring simultaneously that was genotyped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y A Zarate
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Columbia, S.C., USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abisambra JF, Jinwal UK, Jones JR, Blair LJ, Koren J, Dickey CA. Exploiting the diversity of the heat-shock protein family for primary and secondary tauopathy therapeutics. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:623-31. [PMID: 22654720 PMCID: PMC3263456 DOI: 10.2174/157015911798376226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein (Hsp) family is an evolutionarily conserved system that is charged with preventing unfolded or misfolded proteins in the cell from aggregating. In Alzheimer’s disease, extracellular accumulation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular aggregation of the microtubule associated protein tau may result from mechanisms involving chaperone proteins like the Hsps. Due to the ability of Hsps to regulate aberrantly accumulating proteins like Aβ and tau, therapeutic strategies are emerging that target this family of chaperones to modulate their pathobiology. This article focuses on the use of Hsp-based therapeutics for treating primary and secondary tauopathies like Alzheimer’s disease. It will particularly focus on the pharmacological targeting of the Hsp70/90 system and the value of manipulating Hsp27 for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brunton LA, Duncan D, Coldham NG, Snow LC, Jones JR. A survey of antimicrobial usage on dairy farms and waste milk feeding practices in England and Wales. Vet Rec 2012; 171:296. [PMID: 22903925 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The cause for the high prevalence of cefotaximase-producing Escherichia coli reported in dairy calves is unknown but may be partly due to the selective pressure of antimicrobial residues in waste milk (milk unfit for human consumption) fed to the calves. Antimicrobial use and waste milk feeding practices were investigated in 557 dairy farms in 2010/2011 that responded to a randomised stratified postal survey. The mean number of cases of mastitis per herd in the previous year was 47, and 93 per cent of respondents used antibiotic intra-mammary tubes to treat mastitis. The most frequently used lactating cow antibiotic tubes contained dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin, novobiocin, and procaine penicillin (37 per cent), and cefquinome (29 per cent). Ninety-six per cent of respondents used antibiotic tubes at the cessation of lactation ('drying off'). The most frequently used dry cow antibiotic tube (43 per cent) contained cefalonium. Frequently used injectable antibiotics included tylosin (27 per cent), dihydrostreptomycin and procaine penicillin (20 per cent) and ceftiofur (13 per cent). Eighty-three per cent of respondents (413) fed waste milk to calves. Of these 413, 87 per cent fed waste milk from cows with mastitis, and only one-third discarded the first milk after antibiotic treatment. This survey has shown that on more than 90 per cent of the farms that feed waste milk to calves, waste milk can contain milk from cows undergoing antibiotic treatment. On some farms, this includes treatment with third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Further work is underway to investigate the presence of these antimicrobials in waste milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Brunton
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martin RA, Yue S, Hanna JV, Lee PD, Newport RJ, Smith ME, Jones JR. Characterizing the hierarchical structures of bioactive sol-gel silicate glass and hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2012; 370:1422-1443. [PMID: 22349249 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bone is the second most widely transplanted tissue after blood. Synthetic alternatives are needed that can reduce the need for transplants and regenerate bone by acting as active temporary templates for bone growth. Bioactive glasses are one of the most promising bone replacement/regeneration materials because they bond to existing bone, are degradable and stimulate new bone growth by the action of their dissolution products on cells. Sol-gel-derived bioactive glasses can be foamed to produce interconnected macropores suitable for tissue ingrowth, particularly cell migration and vascularization and cell penetration. The scaffolds fulfil many of the criteria of an ideal synthetic bone graft, but are not suitable for all bone defect sites because they are brittle. One strategy for improving toughness of the scaffolds without losing their other beneficial properties is to synthesize inorganic/organic hybrids. These hybrids have polymers introduced into the sol-gel process so that the organic and inorganic components interact at the molecular level, providing control over mechanical properties and degradation rates. However, a full understanding of how each feature or property of the glass and hybrid scaffolds affects cellular response is needed to optimize the materials and ensure long-term success and clinical products. This review focuses on the techniques that have been developed for characterizing the hierarchical structures of sol-gel glasses and hybrids, from atomic-scale amorphous networks, through the covalent bonding between components in hybrids and nanoporosity, to quantifying open macroporous networks of the scaffolds. Methods for non-destructive in situ monitoring of degradation and bioactivity mechanisms of the materials are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The clinical signs, treatments used and spread of psoroptic mange in cattle from October 2007 until March 2011 are described. The disease was first diagnosed in South West Wales, having not been reported in Great Britain since the 1980s. The likely source was identified as a farm that had imported two animals from mainland Europe in the summer of 2006. Since that time, disease has been diagnosed on a further 22 premises, the majority in South West Wales but also in South East and Mid Wales and on one farm in England. Bought in animals harbouring the Psoroptes species mite but not showing clinical signs were considered the greatest risk of introducing the infestation into a herd. This, together with the difficulties of treatment to eliminate the parasite, means that it is unlikely that this outbreak has been controlled. There is also a continuing threat of importing the disease from abroad. The disease is not notifiable in the UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Mitchell
- AHVLA Carmarthen, Job's well Rd, Johnstown, Carmarthen SA31 3EZ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Takano K, Tan WH, Irons MB, Jones JR, Schwartz CE. Pitt-Hopkins syndrome should be in the differential diagnosis for males presenting with an ATR-X phenotype. Clin Genet 2012; 80:600-1. [PMID: 22040220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Goodchild AV, Watkins GH, Sayers AR, Jones JR, Clifton-Hadley RS. Geographical association between the genotype of bovine tuberculosis in found dead badgers and in cattle herds. Vet Rec 2012; 170:259. [PMID: 22331501 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In a survey, 457 badgers that had been found dead in Wales were postmortem-examined, and samples were examined by histology and by extended culture (for up to 12 weeks). Mycobacterium bovis was cultured from 55 badgers (12.0 per cent), and the histology typical of M bovis infection was seen in a further six (1.3 per cent). The prevalence in badgers in each of 10 geographical areas varied between 0 and 26 per cent (P<0.001), and was associated with the incidence of confirmed M bovis infection in cattle herds in the same areas (P<0.01). In northern Wales, bTB was rare in both hosts. An infected badger was 12.3 times more likely to be within 5 km of a confirmed cattle bTB breakdown than an uninfected badger. The M bovis isolates from badgers belonged to one of four genotypes defined by spoligotype and variable number tandem repeat type. These genotypes were also found in 290 concurrent confirmed herd breakdowns, and tended to be similar to the genotypes in badgers in the same geographical areas. When badgers and cattle no more than 30 km apart were compared, the genotype diversity was greater in cattle than in badgers (P=0.016), suggesting that the movement of cattle plays a greater part in the spatial distribution of M bovis than the movement of badgers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Goodchild
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) - Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK. tony.goodchild@ahvla. gsi.gov.uk
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Comesaña R, Lusquiños F, Del Val J, López-Álvarez M, Quintero F, Riveiro A, Boutinguiza M, de Carlos A, Jones JR, Hill RG, Pou J. Three-dimensional bioactive glass implants fabricated by rapid prototyping based on CO(2) laser cladding. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3476-87. [PMID: 21658477 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioactive glass implants were produced by rapid prototyping based on laser cladding without using moulds. CO(2) laser radiation was employed to melt 45S5 and S520 bioactive glass particles and to deposit the material layer by layer following a desired geometry. Controlled thermal input and cooling rate by fine tuning of the processing parameters allowed the production of crack-free fully dense implants. Microstructural characterization revealed chemical composition stability, but crystallization during processing was extensive when 45S5 bioactive glass was used. Improved results were obtained using the S520 bioactive glass, which showed limited surface crystallization due to an expanded sintering window (the difference between the glass transition temperature and crystallization onset temperature). Ion release from the S520 implants in Tris buffer was similar to that of amorphous 45S5 bioactive glass prepared by casting in graphite moulds. Laser processed S520 scaffolds were not cytotoxic in vitro when osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with the dissolution products of the glasses; and the MC3T3-E1 cells attached and spread well when cultured on the surface of the materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Comesaña
- Applied Physics Department, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Champion KJ, Bunag C, Estep AL, Jones JR, Bolt CH, Rogers RC, Rauen KA, Everman DB. Germline mutation in BRAF codon 600 is compatible with human development: de novo p.V600G mutation identified in a patient with CFC syndrome. Clin Genet 2011; 79:468-74. [PMID: 20735442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BRAF, the protein product of BRAF, is a serine/threonine protein kinase and one of the direct downstream effectors of Ras. Somatic mutations in BRAF occur in numerous human cancers, whereas germline BRAF mutations cause cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. One recurrent somatic mutation, p.V600E, is frequently found in several tumor types, such as melanoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, colon cancer, and ovarian cancer. However, a germline mutation affecting codon 600 has never been described. Here, we present a patient with CFC syndrome and a de novo germline mutation involving codon 600 of BRAF, thus providing the first evidence that a pathogenic germline mutation involving this critical codon is not only compatible with development but can also cause the CFC phenotype. In vitro functional analysis shows that this mutation, which replaces a valine with a glycine at codon 600 (p.V600G), leads to increased ERK and ELK phosphorylation compared to wild-type BRAF but is less strongly activating than the cancer-associated p.V600E mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Champion
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jinwal UK, Trotter JH, Abisambra JF, Koren J, Lawson LY, Vestal GD, O'Leary JC, Johnson AG, Jin Y, Jones JR, Li Q, Weeber EJ, Dickey CA. The Hsp90 kinase co-chaperone Cdc37 regulates tau stability and phosphorylation dynamics. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16976-83. [PMID: 21367866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.182493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau, which becomes hyperphosphorylated and pathologically aggregates in a number of these diseases, is extremely sensitive to manipulations of chaperone signaling. For example, Hsp90 inhibitors can reduce the levels of tau in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy. Because of this, we hypothesized that a number of Hsp90 accessory proteins, termed co-chaperones, could also affect tau stability. Perhaps by identifying these co-chaperones, new therapeutics could be designed to specifically target these proteins and facilitate tau clearance. Here, we report that the co-chaperone Cdc37 can regulate aspects of tau pathogenesis. We found that suppression of Cdc37 destabilized tau, leading to its clearance, whereas Cdc37 overexpression preserved tau. Cdc37 was found to co-localize with tau in neuronal cells and to physically interact with tau from human brain. Moreover, Cdc37 levels significantly increased with age. Cdc37 knockdown altered the phosphorylation profile of tau, an effect that was due in part to reduced tau kinase stability, specifically Cdk5 and Akt. Conversely, GSK3β and Mark2 were unaffected by Cdc37 modulation. Cdc37 overexpression prevented whereas Cdc37 suppression potentiated tau clearance following Hsp90 inhibition. Thus, Cdc37 can regulate tau in two ways: by directly stabilizing it via Hsp90 and by regulating the stability of distinct tau kinases. We propose that changes in the neuronal levels or activity of Cdc37 could dramatically alter the kinome, leading to profound changes in the tau phosphorylation signature, altering its proteotoxicity and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K Jinwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jones JR, Lebar MD, Jinwal UK, Abisambra JF, Koren J, Blair L, O'Leary JC, Davey Z, Trotter J, Johnson AG, Weeber E, Eckman CB, Baker BJ, Dickey CA. The diarylheptanoid (+)-aR,11S-myricanol and two flavones from bayberry (Myrica cerifera) destabilize the microtubule-associated protein tau. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:38-44. [PMID: 21141876 PMCID: PMC3070757 DOI: 10.1021/np100572z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Target-based drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease (AD) centered on modulation of the amyloid β peptide has met with limited success. Therefore, recent efforts have focused on targeting the microtubule-associated protein tau. Tau pathologically accumulates in more than 15 neurodegenerative diseases and is most closely linked with postsymptomatic progression in AD. We endeavored to identify compounds that decrease tau stability rather than prevent its aggregation. An extract from Myrica cerifera (bayberry/southern wax myrtle) potently reduced both endogenous and overexpressed tau protein levels in cells and murine brain slices. The bayberry flavonoids myricetin and myricitrin were confirmed to contribute to this potency, but a diarylheptanoid, myricanol, was the most effective anti-tau component in the extract, with potency approaching the best targeted lead therapies. (+)-aR,11S-Myricanol, isolated from M. cerifera and reported here for the first time as the naturally occurring aglycone, was significantly more potent than commercially available (±)-myricanol. Myricanol may represent a novel scaffold for drug development efforts targeting tau turnover in AD.
Collapse
|
32
|
Singh R, Lee PD, Jones JR, Poologasundarampillai G, Post T, Lindley TC, Dashwood RJ. Hierarchically structured titanium foams for tissue scaffold applications. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:4596-604. [PMID: 20601241 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel route for producing a new class of titanium foams for use in biomedical implant applications. These foams are hierarchically porous, with both the traditional large (>300μm) highly interconnected pores and, uniquely, wall struts also containing micron scale (0.5-5μm) interconnected porosities. The fabrication method consists of first producing a porous oxide precursor via a gel casting method, followed by electrochemical reduction to produce a metallic foam. This method offers the unique ability to tailor the porosity at several scales independently, unlike traditional space-holder techniques. Reducing the pressure during foam setting increased the macro-pore size. The intra-strut pore size (and percentage) can be controlled independently of macro-pore size by altering the ceramic loading and sintering temperature during precursor production. Typical properties for an 80% porous Ti foam were a modulus of ∼1GPa, a yield strength of 8MPa and a permeability of 350 Darcies, all of which are in the range required for biomedical implant applications. We also demonstrate that the micron scale intra-strut porosities can be exploited to allow infiltration of bioactive materials using a novel bioactive silica-polymer composite, resulting in a metal-bioactive silica-polymer composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jones JR, Lin S, Yue S, Lee PD, Hanna JV, Smith ME, Newport RJ. Bioactive glass scaffolds for bone regeneration and their hierarchical characterisation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2010; 224:1373-87. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds are needed that can act as temporary templates for bone regeneration and actively stimulate vascularized bone growth so that bone grafting is no longer necessary. To achieve this, the scaffold must have a suitable interconnected pore network and be made of an osteogenic material. Bioactive glass is an ideal material because it rapidly bonds to bone and degrades over time, releasing soluble silica and calcium ions that are thought to stimulate osteoprogenitor cells. Melt-derived bioactive glasses, such as the original Bioglass® composition, are available commercially, but porous scaffolds have been difficult to produce because Bioglass and similar compositions crystallize on sintering. Sol-gel foam scaffolds have been developed that avoid this problem. They have a hierarchical pore structure comprising interconnected macropores, with interconnect diameters in excess of the 100 μm that is thought to be needed for vascularized bone ingrowth, and an inherent nanoporosity of interconnected mesopores (2–50 nm) which is beneficial for the attachment of osteoprogenitor cells. They also have a compressive strength in the range of cancellous bone. This paper describes the optimized sol-gel foaming process and illustrates the importance of optimizing the hierarchical structure from the atomic through nano, to the macro scale with respect to biological response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - S Lin
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - S Yue
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - P D Lee
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - J V Hanna
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M E Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - R J Newport
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Flynn CS, Foster KD, Bronlund JE, Lentle RG, Jones JR, Morgenstern MP. Identification of multiple compartments present during the mastication of solid food. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:345-52. [PMID: 21087764 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The particle size distributions (PSDs) of two portion sizes (2g and 4g) of five foods (cake, cereal bar, muesli bar, cooked pasta and peanuts) after human mastication were determined. The PSD of the expectorated bolus and residual 'debris' rinsed from the mouth were each determined by wet sieving. There were significant differences in the PSD between food types, between portion sizes in the debris fraction and between the bolus and debris fractions. The latter suggests the existence of a two compartment system where particles are comminuted in at least one compartment within the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Flynn
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
O'Leary JC, Li Q, Marinec P, Blair LJ, Congdon EE, Johnson AG, Jinwal UK, Koren J, Jones JR, Kraft C, Peters M, Abisambra JF, Duff KE, Weeber EJ, Gestwicki JE, Dickey CA. Phenothiazine-mediated rescue of cognition in tau transgenic mice requires neuroprotection and reduced soluble tau burden. Mol Neurodegener 2010; 5:45. [PMID: 21040568 PMCID: PMC2989315 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-5-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has traditionally been thought that the pathological accumulation of tau in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies facilitates neurodegeneration, which in turn leads to cognitive impairment. However, recent evidence suggests that tau tangles are not the entity responsible for memory loss, rather it is an intermediate tau species that disrupts neuronal function. Thus, efforts to discover therapeutics for tauopathies emphasize soluble tau reductions as well as neuroprotection. Results Here, we found that neuroprotection alone caused by methylene blue (MB), the parent compound of the anti-tau phenothiaziazine drug, Rember™, was insufficient to rescue cognition in a mouse model of the human tauopathy, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and fronto-temporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP17): Only when levels of soluble tau protein were concomitantly reduced by a very high concentration of MB, was cognitive improvement observed. Thus, neurodegeneration can be decoupled from tau accumulation, but phenotypic improvement is only possible when soluble tau levels are also reduced. Conclusions Neuroprotection alone is not sufficient to rescue tau-induced memory loss in a transgenic mouse model. Development of neuroprotective agents is an area of intense investigation in the tauopathy drug discovery field. This may ultimately be an unsuccessful approach if soluble toxic tau intermediates are not also reduced. Thus, MB and related compounds, despite their pleiotropic nature, may be the proverbial "magic bullet" because they not only are neuroprotective, but are also able to facilitate soluble tau clearance. Moreover, this shows that neuroprotection is possible without reducing tau levels. This indicates that there is a definitive molecular link between tau and cell death cascades that can be disrupted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C O'Leary
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abisambra JF, Blair LJ, Jones JR, Kraft C, Hill S, Rogers J, Koren J, Jinwal UK, Lawson L, Johnson AG, Jansen-West K, Muschol M, Banko J, Golde T, Weeber EJ, Dickey CA. P3‐425: Chaperone‐mediated modulation of tau aggregation correlates with modifications in tau pathology and synaptic plasticity. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura J. Blair
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | | | - Clara Kraft
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | | | - Justin Rogers
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | - John Koren
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | - Umesh K. Jinwal
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | - Lisa Lawson
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Banko
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | - Todd Golde
- Mayo Clinic JacksonvilleJacksonville FL USA
| | - Edwin J. Weeber
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- University of South Florida Alzheimer's InstituteTampa FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jinwal UK, O'Leary JC, Borysov SI, Jones JR, Li Q, Koren J, Abisambra JF, Vestal GD, Lawson LY, Johnson AG, Blair LJ, Jin Y, Miyata Y, Gestwicki JE, Dickey CA. Hsc70 rapidly engages tau after microtubule destabilization. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16798-805. [PMID: 20308058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein Tau plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamic stability of microtubules during neuronal development and synaptic transmission. In a group of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, conformational changes in Tau are associated with the initial stages of disease pathology. Folding of Tau into the MC1 conformation, where the amino acids at residues 7-9 interact with residues 312-342, is one of the earliest pathological alterations of Tau in Alzheimer disease. The mechanism of this conformational change in Tau and the subsequent effect on function and association to microtubules is largely unknown. Recent work by our group and others suggests that members of the Hsp70 family play a significant role in Tau regulation. Our new findings suggest that heat shock cognate (Hsc) 70 facilitates Tau-mediated microtubule polymerization. The association of Hsc70 with Tau was rapidly enhanced following treatment with microtubule-destabilizing agents. The fate of Tau released from the microtubule was found to be dependent on ATPase activity of Hsc70. Microtubule destabilization also rapidly increased the MC1 folded conformation of Tau. An in vitro assay suggests that Hsc70 facilitates formation of MC1 Tau. However, in a hyperphosphorylating environment, the formation of MC1 was abrogated, but Hsc70 binding to Tau was enhanced. Thus, under normal circumstances, MC1 formation may be a protective conformation facilitated by Hsc70. However, in a diseased environment, Hsc70 may preserve Tau in a more unstructured state, perhaps facilitating its pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K Jinwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Johnnie B Byrd Sr Alzheimer's Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33613, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jinwal UK, Koren J, O'Leary JC, Jones JR, Abisambra JF, Dickey CA. Hsp70 ATPase Modulators as Therapeutics for Alzheimer's and other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Cell Pharmacol 2010; 2:43-46. [PMID: 20523917 PMCID: PMC2879647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormal accumulation of the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT, tau) are collectively called tauopathies. The most devastating tau related disorder is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsp) have emerged as critical regulators of tau stability. Several studies from our group and others have shown that the chaperone network can be targeted for the development of therapeutic strategies for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we will discuss a recent paper and current work from our laboratory where we have manipulated the ATPase activity of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) to regulate tau turnover. A high-throughput screening assay revealed several compounds that activated or inhibited Hsp70's ATPase activity. Inhibitors dramatically and rapidly reduced tau levels, whereas activators stabilized tau, both in cells and brain tissue. Moreover, increased levels of Hsp70 improved ATPase inhibitor efficacy, suggesting that therapies aimed at inducing Hsp70 levels followed by inhibition of its ATPase activity may be a very effective strategy to treat AD. These findings demonstrate that Hsp70 ATPase activity can be targeted to modify the pathologies of AD and other tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K Jinwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Molecular chaperones and heat shock proteins (Hsp) have emerged as critical regulators of proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease pathologies. The very nature of the chaperone system, which is to maintain protein quality control, means that most nascent proteins come in contact with chaperone proteins. Thus, amyloid precursor protein (APP), members of the gamma-secretase complex (presenilin 1 [PS1] collectively), the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) as well as a number of neuroinflammatory components are all in contact with chaperones from the moment of their production. Chaperones are often grouped together as one machine presenting abnormal or mutant proteins to the proteasome for degradation, but this is not at all the case. In fact, the chaperone family consists of more than 100 proteins in mammalian cells, and the primary role for most of these proteins is to protect clients following synthesis and during stress; only as a last resort do they facilitate protein degradation. To the best of our current knowledge, the chaperone system in eukaryotic cells revolves around the ATPase activities of Hsp70 and Hsp90, the two primary chaperone scaffolds. Other chaperones and co-chaperones manipulate the ATPase activities of Hsp70 and Hsp90, facilitating either folding of the client or its degradation. In the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a number of studies have recently emerged describing the impact that these chaperones have on the proteotoxic effects of tau and amyloid-β accumulation. Here, we present the current understandings of chaperone biology and examine the literature investigating these proteins in the context of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Koren
- Johnnie B. Byrd Sr. Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
FitzGerald V, Drake KO, Jones JR, Smith ME, Honkimäki V, Buslaps T, Kretzschmer M, Newport RJ. In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction study of a bioactive calcium silicate foam immersed in simulated body fluid. J Synchrotron Radiat 2007; 14:492-499. [PMID: 17960032 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049507042173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The method of in situ time-resolved high-energy X-ray diffraction, using the intrinsically highly collimated X-ray beam generated by the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, is demonstrated. A specially designed cell, which allows the addition of liquid components, has been used to study the reaction mechanisms of a foamed bioactive calcia-silica sol-gel glass immersed in simulated body fluid. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction data from this experiment provides atomic distances, via the pair correlation functions, at different stages of the dissolution of the glass and of the associated calcium phosphate, and ultimately hydroxyapatite, i.e. bone mineral, formation. Hence, changes in the atomic scale structure can be analysed as a function of reaction time, giving an insight into the evolution of the structure of both the glass matrix and the hydroxyapatite surface growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V FitzGerald
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent at Canterbury, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sharpe RT, Livesey CT, Davies IH, Jones JR, Jones A. Diazinon toxicity in sheep and cattle arising from the misuse of unlicensed and out-of-date products. Vet Rec 2006; 159:16-9. [PMID: 16816156 DOI: 10.1136/vr.159.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two incidents involving the misuse of unlabelled or out-of-date diazinon products are described. In the first incident, 81 of a group of 210 five-month-old lambs died within 12 hours of being dipped with the contents of a partly used tin of 15-year-old sheep dip. Analysis showed that the diazinon had decomposed by hydrolysis into a range of breakdown products, including tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate (sulfotepp) and monothiono-tetraethylpyrophosphate (monothiono-TEPP), which are much more toxic to mammals than diazinon. In the second incident, four yearling bulls were affected within 48 hours of being treated with a liquid that the farmer believed to be a lice treatment but was actually old diazinon sheep dip. Three of the bulls recovered but one died four days after the treatment. Analysis of the dip confirmed the presence of diazinon but in this incident no breakdown products were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R T Sharpe
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Penrith, Merrythought, Calthwaite, Penrith CA11 9RR
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pereira MM, Jones JR, Orefice RL, Hench LL. Preparation of bioactive glass-polyvinyl alcohol hybrid foams by the sol-gel method. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2005; 16:1045-50. [PMID: 16388385 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-005-4758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new class of materials based on inorganic and organic species combined at a nanoscale level has received large attention recently. In this work the idea of producing hybrid materials with controllable properties is applied to obtain foams to be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Hybrids were synthesized by reacting poly(vinyl alcohol) in acidic solution with tetraethylorthosilicate. The inorganic phase was also modified by incorporating a calcium compound. Hydrated calcium chloride was used as precursor. A surfactant was added and a foam was produced by vigorous agitation, which was cast just before the gel point. Hydrofluoric acid solution was added in order to catalyze the gelation. The foamed hybrids were aged at 40 degrees C and vacuum dried at 40 degrees C. The hybrid foams were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Mercury Porosimetry, Nitrogen Adsorption, X-ray Diffraction and Infra-red Spectroscopy. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by compression tests. The foams obtained had a high porosity varying from 60 to 90% and the macropore diameter ranged from 30 to 500 microm. The modal macropore diameter varied with the inorganic phase composition and with the polymer content in the hybrid. The surface area and mesopore volume decreased as polymer concentration increased in the hybrids. The strain at fracture of the hybrid foams was substantially greater than pure gel-glass foams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Pereira
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cranwell MP, Jones JR, Wakeley PR. BVD virus type 2 in British cattle. Vet Rec 2005; 156:257-8. [PMID: 15751574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
|
44
|
Holmes JP, Jones JR, Gough RE, Welchman DDB, Wessels ME, Jones EL. Goose parvovirus in England and Wales. Vet Rec 2004; 155:127. [PMID: 15328745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
|
45
|
Abstract
This study describes an approach to obtaining 3-D scaffolds for tissue engineering that allows the incorporation and release of biologically active proteins to stimulate cell function. Laminin was adsorbed on the textured surfaces of binary 70S30C (70 mol % SiO(2), 30 mol % CaO) and ternary 58S (60 mol % SiO(2), 36 mol % CaO, 4 mol % P(2)O(5)) foams. The covalent bonds between the binding sites of the proteins and the ligands on the scaffolds' surfaces did not denaturate the proteins. In vitro studies show that the foams modified with chemical groups and coated with laminin were bioactive, as demonstrated by the formation of a crystalline hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA) layer formed on the surfaces of the foams upon exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF). The release of proteins from the foams also was investigated. Sustained and controlled release from the scaffolds over a 30-day period was achieved. Laminin release from the bioactive foams followed the dissolution rate of the material network. These results suggest that bioactive foams have the potential to act as scaffolds for soft-tissue engineering with a controlled release of proteins that can induce tissue formation or regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F S Lenza
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Rua Espírito Santo, 35 - 2nd andar, 30160-030 - Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jones JR, Mata JF, Yang Z, French BA, Oshinski JN. Left ventricular remodeling subsequent to reperfused myocardial infarction: evaluation of a rat model using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2003; 4:317-26. [PMID: 12234103 DOI: 10.1081/jcmr-120013297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study characterized the time course of ventricular remodeling subsequent to reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat model using cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS Short axis cine MR imaging was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular volumes in Lewis rats at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks post-MI. Ventricular pressure and myocardial mass were evaluated at the 10 week time point. RESULTS Measurements of LVEF showed a significant decrease in cardiac function immediately after MI with no significant changes over the remainder of the time course. Measurements of left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) showed significant increases over thefirst 4 weeks after MI with no significant changes over the remainder of the time course. Statistical analysis of the MR measurements of LVESV yielded a repeatability standard error of 3.3%, an inter-observer standard error of 3.3%, and an intra-observer standard error of 1.6%. CONCLUSION This study indicates that cine MRI can be used to longitudinally evaluate changes in ventricular structure and function in a rat model of left ventricular remodeling. In this animal model, preliminary results indicate that the majority of remodeling is completed by 4 weeks and no significant changes in LVEF are seen after the first week. The repeatability values indicate that cardiac MR could be used for evaluating new therapies for mitigating the effects of LV remodeling after reperfused MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
D'Alterio GL, Bazeley KJ, Pearson GR, Jones JR, Jose M, Woodward MJ. Meningitis associated with Salmonella Newport in a neonatal alpaca (Lama pacos) in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec 2003; 152:56-7. [PMID: 12553585 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G L D'Alterio
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Science, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Jones JR, Lu SY, Shevchenko VP, Nagaev IY, Myasoedov NF, Susan AB, Anderskerskevitz R, Birke FW, Switek KH, Wiegerinck P, Post O, Hofstede L, van den Heuvel M, Pleiss U, Seidel D, Switek KH, Braunger H, Seidel D, Schlecker R, Moenius T, Seiler MP, Nozulak J, Burtscher P, Almi M, Guelfi S, Navacchia ML, Felicini C, Giribone D, Pignatti A, Fontana E, Pignatti A, Fontana E, McGrath JW, Peric Simov B, Preusser W, Quinn JP, Schmidt S, Woschek A, Wuggenig F, Hammerschmidt F, Spies H, Maas J, Krone V, Diehl F, Coy J, Hoheisel J, Doeberitz MVK, Nees M, Klett A. 10th Conference of the Central European Division e.V. of the International Isotope Society. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use sol-gel processing to develop bioactive materials to serve as scaffolds for tissue engineering that will allow the incorporation and release of proteins to stimulate cell function and tissue growth. We obtained organofunctionalized silica with large content of amine and mercaptan groups (up to 25%). The developed method can allow the incorporation and delivery of proteins at a controlled rate. We also produced bioactive foams with binary SiO(2)-CaO and ternary SiO(2)-CaO-P(2)O(5) compositions. In order to enhance peptide-material surface properties, the bioactive foams were modified with amine and mercaptan groups. These materials exhibit a highly interconnected macroporous network and high surface area. These textural features together with the incorporation of organic functionally groups may enable them to be used as scaffolds for the engineering of soft tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F S Lenza
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|