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Burnichon N, Brière JJ, Libé R, Vescovo L, Rivière J, Tissier F, Jouanno E, Jeunemaitre X, Bénit P, Tzagoloff A, Rustin P, Bertherat J, Favier J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP. SDHA is a tumor suppressor gene causing paraganglioma. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3011-20. [PMID: 20484225 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial succinate-coenzyme Q reductase (complex II) consists of four subunits, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. Heterozygous germline mutations in SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 [encoding for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex assembly factor 2] cause hereditary paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. Surprisingly, no genetic link between SDHA and paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma syndrome has ever been established. We identified a heterozygous germline SDHA mutation, p.Arg589Trp, in a woman suffering from catecholamine-secreting abdominal paraganglioma. The functionality of the SDHA mutant was assessed by studying SDHA, SDHB, HIF-1alpha and CD34 protein expression using immunohistochemistry and by examining the effect of the mutation in a yeast model. Microarray analyses were performed to study gene expression involved in energy metabolism and hypoxic pathways. We also investigated 202 paragangliomas or pheochromocytomas for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD loci by BAC array comparative genomic hybridization. In vivo and in vitro functional studies demonstrated that the SDHA mutation causes a loss of SDH enzymatic activity in tumor tissue and in the yeast model. Immunohistochemistry and transcriptome analyses established that the SDHA mutation causes pseudo-hypoxia, which leads to a subsequent increase in angiogenesis, as other SDHx gene mutations. LOH was detected at the SDHA locus in the patient's tumor but was present in only 4.5% of a large series of paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. The SDHA gene should be added to the list of genes encoding tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins that act as tumor suppressor genes and can now be considered as a new paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Burnichon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, 20-40 rue Leblanc, F-75015 Paris, France.
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Goncalves S, Paupe V, Dassa EP, Brière JJ, Favier J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Bénit P, Rustin P. Rapid determination of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities in biological samples. BMC Biochem 2010; 11:5. [PMID: 20109171 PMCID: PMC2823639 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background In the last ten years, deficiencies in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) enzymes have been shown to cause a wide spectrum of human diseases, including malignancies and neurological and cardiac diseases. A prerequisite to the identification of disease-causing TCAC enzyme deficiencies is the availability of effective enzyme assays. Results We developed three assays that measure the full set of TCAC enzymes. One assay relies on the sequential addition of reagents to measure succinyl-CoA ligase activity, followed by succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase and, finally, malate dehydrogenase. Another assay measures the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase followed by aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. The remaining assay measures citrate synthase activity using a standard procedure. We used these assays successfully on extracts of small numbers of human cells displaying various severe or partial TCAC deficiencies and on frozen heart homogenates from heterozygous mice harboring an SDHB gene deletion. Conclusion This set of assays is rapid and simple to use and can immediately detect even partial defects, as the activity of each enzyme can be readily compared with one or more other activities measured in the same sample.
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Favier J, Brière JJ, Burnichon N, Rivière J, Vescovo L, Benit P, Giscos-Douriez I, De Reyniès A, Bertherat J, Badoual C, Tissier F, Amar L, Libé R, Plouin PF, Jeunemaitre X, Rustin P, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP. The Warburg effect is genetically determined in inherited pheochromocytomas. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7094. [PMID: 19763184 PMCID: PMC2738974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect describes how cancer cells down-regulate their aerobic respiration and preferentially use glycolysis to generate energy. To evaluate the link between hypoxia and Warburg effect, we studied mitochondrial electron transport, angiogenesis and glycolysis in pheochromocytomas induced by germ-line mutations in VHL, RET, NF1 and SDH genes. SDH and VHL gene mutations have been shown to lead to the activation of hypoxic response, even in normoxic conditions, a process now referred to as pseudohypoxia. We observed a decrease in electron transport protein expression and activity, associated with increased angiogenesis in SDH- and VHL-related, pseudohypoxic tumors, while stimulation of glycolysis was solely observed in VHL tumors. Moreover, microarray analyses revealed that expression of genes involved in these metabolic pathways is an efficient tool for classification of pheochromocytomas in accordance with the predisposition gene mutated. Our data suggest an unexpected association between pseudohypoxia and loss of p53, which leads to a distinct Warburg effect in VHL-related pheochromocytomas.
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Bénit P, Goncalves S, Dassa EP, Brière JJ, Rustin P. The variability of the harlequin mouse phenotype resembles that of human mitochondrial-complex I-deficiency syndromes. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3208. [PMID: 18791645 PMCID: PMC2527683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the considerable progress made in understanding the molecular bases of mitochondrial diseases, no effective treatments have been developed to date. Faithful animal models would be extremely helpful for designing such treatments. We showed previously that the Harlequin mouse phenotype was due to a specific mitochondrial complex I deficiency resulting from the loss of the Apoptosis Inducing Factor (Aif) protein. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we conducted a detailed evaluation of the Harlequin mouse phenotype, including the biochemical abnormalities in various tissues. We observed highly variable disease expression considering both severity and time course progression. In each tissue, abnormalities correlated with the residual amount of the respiratory chain complex I 20 kDa subunit, rather than with residual Aif protein. Antioxidant enzyme activities were normal except in skeletal muscle, where they were moderately elevated. Conclusions/Significance Thus, the Harlequin mouse phenotype appears to result from mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Its features resemble those of human complex I deficiency syndromes. The Harlequin mouse holds promise as a model for developing treatments for complex I deficiency syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Bénit
- Inserm, U676, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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Rak M, Zeng X, Brière JJ, Tzagoloff A. Assembly of F0 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1793:108-16. [PMID: 18672007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been instrumental in identifying an increasing number of nuclear gene products that promote pre- and post-translational steps of the pathway responsible for biogenesis of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. In this article we have attempted to marshal current information about the functions of such accessory factors and the roles they play in expression and assembly of the mitochondrially encoded subunits of the ATP synthase. We also discuss evidence that the ATP synthase may be built up from three separate modules corresponding to the F1 ATPase, the stator and F0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Rak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University New York, NY 10027, USA
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Abstract
In the January 3 issue of Cell Metabolism, report that the mitochondrial metallochaperones Sco1 and Sco2, essential for cytochrome c oxidase assembly, are also responsible for maintenance of cell copper homeostasis, thus showing a new function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Brière
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Brière JJ, Favier J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Rustin P. Tricarboxylic acid cycle dysfunction as a cause of human diseases and tumor formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C1114-20. [PMID: 16760265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00216.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A renewed interest in tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymopathies has resulted from the report that, in addition to devastating encephalopathies, these can result in various types of tumors in human. We first review the major features of the cycle that may underlie this surprising variety of clinical features. After discussing the rare cases of encephalopathies associated with specific deficiencies of some of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, we finally examine the mechanism possibly causing tumor/cancer formation in the cases of mutations affecting fumarase or succinate dehydrogenase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Brière
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 676, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris
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Bénit P, Goncalves S, Philippe Dassa E, Brière JJ, Martin G, Rustin P. Three spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of the five respiratory chain complexes in minuscule biological samples. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 374:81-6. [PMID: 16828729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of the activities of the five complexes comprising the respiratory chain has proven to be a major challenge when a limiting amount of biological material is available. Here we report a set of three convenient assays that allows this measurement under such circumstances. METHODS One assay relies on the sequential addition of reagents to measure first complex IV activity, followed by complex II+III, and then glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase+complex III activities and finally isolated complex III activity. A second assay measures the activity of complex II followed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. A third assay measures rotenone-sensitive complex I activity and subsequently oligomycin-sensitive complex V activity. RESULTS These assays have been successfully used on extracts of small numbers of human cells displaying various defects in the respiratory chain, and on frozen tissue homogenates of retina and very early mouse embryos. CONCLUSIONS The strength of this set of assays lies both in its rapid and simple execution and its capacity for immediate detection of partial defects, because each activity can be compared with one or two other activities measured in the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Bénit
- Inserm, U676, Paris, F-75019 France and Université Paris 7, Faculté de médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02, Paris, France
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Poncet D, Pauleau AL, Szabadkai G, Vozza A, Scholz SR, Le Bras M, Brière JJ, Jalil A, Le Moigne R, Brenner C, Hahn G, Wittig I, Schägger H, Lemaire C, Bianchi K, Souquère S, Pierron G, Rustin P, Goldmacher VS, Rizzuto R, Palmieri F, Kroemer G. Cytopathic effects of the cytomegalovirus-encoded apoptosis inhibitory protein vMIA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 174:985-96. [PMID: 16982800 PMCID: PMC2064390 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200604069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) requires the expression of the viral mitochondria–localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA). vMIA inhibits apoptosis by recruiting Bax to mitochondria, resulting in its neutralization. We show that vMIA decreases cell size, reduces actin polymerization, and induces cell rounding. As compared with vMIA-expressing CMV, vMIA-deficient CMV, which replicates in fibroblasts expressing the adenoviral apoptosis suppressor E1B19K, induces less cytopathic effects. These vMIA effects can be separated from its cell death–inhibitory function because vMIA modulates cellular morphology in Bax-deficient cells. Expression of vMIA coincided with a reduction in the cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. vMIA selectively inhibited one component of the ATP synthasome, namely, the mitochondrial phosphate carrier. Exposure of cells to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation produced similar effects, such as an ATP level reduced by 30%, smaller cell size, and deficient actin polymerization. Similarly, knockdown of the phosphate carrier reduced cell size. Our data suggest that the cytopathic effect of CMV can be explained by vMIA effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Poncet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FRE2939, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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Brière JJ, Favier J, Bénit P, El Ghouzzi V, Lorenzato A, Rabier D, Di Renzo MF, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Rustin P. Mitochondrial succinate is instrumental for HIF1alpha nuclear translocation in SDHA-mutant fibroblasts under normoxic conditions. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:3263-9. [PMID: 16195397 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits B, C and D, act as tumour suppressors in neuro-endocrine tissues. Tumour formation has been associated with succinate accumulation. In paraganglioma cells, two forms of SDHA (type I, II) were found which might preclude significant succinate accumulation in the case of a mutation in either form. In fibroblasts only SDHA type I is found. In these cells, SDHA type I mutation leads to SDH deficiency, succinate accumulation and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha(HIF1alpha) nuclear translocation. HIF1alpha nuclear translocation was not observed in ATPase-deficient fibroblasts with increased superoxide production and was found to be independent of cellular iron availability in SDHA-mutant cells. This suggests that neither superoxides nor iron were causative of HIF1alpha nuclear translocation. Conversely, alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) inhibits this nuclear translocation. Therefore, the pseudo-hypoxia pathway in SDH-deficient cells depends on the HIF1alphaprolyl hydroxylase product/substrate (succinate/alpha-KG) equilibrium. In SDH deficiency, organic acids thus appear instrumental in the HIF1alpha-dependent cascade suggesting a direct link between SDH and tumourigenesis.
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Pollard PJ, Brière JJ, Alam NA, Barwell J, Barclay E, Wortham NC, Hunt T, Mitchell M, Olpin S, Moat SJ, Hargreaves IP, Heales SJ, Chung YL, Griffiths JR, Dalgleish A, McGrath JA, Gleeson MJ, Hodgson SV, Poulsom R, Rustin P, Tomlinson IPM. Accumulation of Krebs cycle intermediates and over-expression of HIF1alpha in tumours which result from germline FH and SDH mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:2231-9. [PMID: 15987702 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear-encoded Krebs cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB, -C and -D), act as tumour suppressors. Germline mutations in FH predispose individuals to leiomyomas and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), whereas mutations in SDH cause paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas (HPGL). In this study, we have shown that FH-deficient cells and tumours accumulate fumarate and, to a lesser extent, succinate. SDH-deficient tumours principally accumulate succinate. In situ analyses showed that these tumours also have over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha), activation of HIF1alphatargets (such as vascular endothelial growth factor) and high microvessel density. We found no evidence of increased reactive oxygen species in our cells. Our data provide in vivo evidence to support the hypothesis that increased succinate and/or fumarate causes stabilization of HIF1alpha a plausible mechanism, inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases, has previously been suggested by in vitro studies. The basic mechanism of tumorigenesis in HPGL and HLRCC is likely to be pseudo-hypoxic drive, just as it is in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pollard
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, London WC2A 3PX, UK
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Favier J, Brière JJ, Strompf L, Amar L, Filali M, Jeunemaitre X, Rustin P, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP. Hereditary Paraganglioma/Pheochromocytoma and Inherited Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr 2005; 63:171-9. [PMID: 15795514 DOI: 10.1159/000084685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex II, or succinate dehydrogenase, is a key enzymatic complex involved in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation as part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Germline succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA) mutations have been reported in a few patients with a classical mitochondrial neurodegenerative disease. Mutations in the genes encoding the three other succinate dehydrogenase subunits (SDHB, SDHC and SDHD) have been identified in patients affected by familial or 'apparently sporadic' paraganglioma and/or pheochromocytoma, an autosomal inherited cancer-susceptibility syndrome. These discoveries have dramatically changed the work-up and genetic counseling of patients and families with paragangliomas and/or pheochromocytomas. The subsequent identification of germline mutations in the gene encoding fumarase--another TCA cycle enzyme--in a new hereditary form of susceptibility to renal, uterine and cutaneous tumors has highlighted the potential role of the TCA cycle and, more generally, of the mitochondria in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Favier
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris V and INSERM U36, Collège de France, France
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Brière JJ, Chrétien D, Bénit P, Rustin P. Respiratory chain defects: what do we know for sure about their consequences in vivo? Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1659:172-7. [PMID: 15576049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The function and the structure of mitochondria have been the subject of intensive research since the discovery of these organelles. Yet, the investigation of patients with mitochondrial disease reveals that we do not understand a large part of the underlying pathogenic processes. This has disastrous consequences in terms of the therapy possibly proposed to the patients and their family. An attempt is made in this short review to question our present ideas on the potential consequences of mitochondrial dysfunctions and to enlighten new observations which might be valuable in the understanding of the physiopathology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Brière
- INSERM U393, Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, F-75015, Paris, France
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Vahsen N, Candé C, Brière JJ, Bénit P, Joza N, Larochette N, Mastroberardino PG, Pequignot MO, Casares N, Lazar V, Feraud O, Debili N, Wissing S, Engelhardt S, Madeo F, Piacentini M, Penninger JM, Schägger H, Rustin P, Kroemer G. AIF deficiency compromises oxidative phosphorylation. EMBO J 2004; 23:4679-89. [PMID: 15526035 PMCID: PMC533047 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein that, after apoptosis induction, translocates to the nucleus where it participates in apoptotic chromatinolysis. Here, we show that human or mouse cells lacking AIF as a result of homologous recombination or small interfering RNA exhibit high lactate production and enhanced dependency on glycolytic ATP generation, due to severe reduction of respiratory chain complex I activity. Although AIF itself is not a part of complex I, AIF-deficient cells exhibit a reduced content of complex I and of its components, pointing to a role of AIF in the biogenesis and/or maintenance of this polyprotein complex. Harlequin mice with reduced AIF expression due to a retroviral insertion into the AIF gene also manifest a reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the retina and in the brain, correlating with reduced expression of complex I subunits, retinal degeneration, and neuronal defects. Altogether, these data point to a role of AIF in OXPHOS and emphasize the dual role of AIF in life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vahsen
- CNRS-UMR8125, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Candé
- CNRS-UMR8125, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Paule Bénit
- INSERM U393, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, France
| | - Nicholas Joza
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Noelia Casares
- CNRS-UMR8125, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Unité de Génomique Fonctionelle, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Najet Debili
- INSERM U362, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Silke Wissing
- Physiologisch-chemisches Institut, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Madeo
- Physiologisch-chemisches Institut, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Schägger
- Institut für Biochemie I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- These authors share senior co-authorship
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM U393, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, France
- These authors share senior co-authorship
| | - Guido Kroemer
- CNRS-UMR8125, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- These authors share senior co-authorship
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Chretien D, Slama A, Brière JJ, Munnich A, Rötig A, Rustin P. Revisiting pitfalls, problems and tentative solutions for assaying mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III in human samples. Curr Med Chem 2004; 11:233-9. [PMID: 14754419 DOI: 10.2174/0929867043456151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity in human samples is a difficult task due to both the small amount of tissue generally available and the frequent need to perform enzyme activity measurement in crude mitochondrial fraction. This is particularly true for the measurement of complex III activity which partial deficiency can be easily overlooked. In this review, we first consider the several interfering reactions occurring when measuring this activity. We subsequently describe the use of an alkyl glycoside detergent, lauryl maltoside, to keep these interfering reactions to a very low level. Next, we quantify the effect of the detergent on the actual measurement of complex III in various human tissue samples and cells. Finally, we also demonstrate that the use of the detergent allows (i) a better detection of an inherited partial defect affecting cytochrome b, a catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial complex III, (ii) to possibly discriminate decreased complex III activity resulting from an abnormal complex III assembly (BCS1 gene mutation) from an hampered catalytic activity originating from a cytochrome b mutation. This detailed review of the problems associated with complex III assessment and of their tentative solution highlights the difficulties still encountered in the measurements of mitochondrial respiratory chain in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chretien
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Brière JJ, Schlemmer D, Chretien D, Rustin P. Quinone analogues regulate mitochondrial substrate competitive oxidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 316:1138-42. [PMID: 15044103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quinone derivatives are among the rare compounds successfully used as therapeutic reagents to fight mitochondrial diseases. However, their beneficial effect appears to depend on their side chain which presumably governs their interaction with the respiratory chain. The effect of four quinone derivatives was comparatively studied on NADH- and succinate-competitive oxidation by a sub-mitochondrial fraction. Under our experimental conditions, the less hydrophobic derivatives (menadione, duroquinone) poorly affected electron flow from either NADH or succinate to oxygen, yet readily diverting electrons from isolated complex I. This latter effect was abolished by succinate addition. More hydrophobic derivatives (idebenone, decylubiquinone) stimulated oxygen uptake from succinate. But while NADH oxidation was slightly inhibited by idebenone, it was somewhat increased by decylubiquinone. As a result, idebenone strongly favoured succinate over NADH oxidation. This study therefore suggests that any therapeutic use of quinone analogues should take into account their specific effect on each respiratory chain dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Brière
- Unités de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant (INSERM U393), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
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Darin N, Kadhom N, Brière JJ, Chretien D, Bébéar CM, Rötig A, Munnich A, Rustin P. Mitochondrial activities in human cultured skin fibroblasts contaminated by Mycoplasma hyorhinis. BMC Biochem 2003; 4:15. [PMID: 14596686 PMCID: PMC270014 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-4-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma contaminations are a recurrent problem in the use of cultured cells, including human cells, especially as it has been shown to impede cell cycle, triggering cell death under various conditions. More specific consequences on cell metabolism are poorly known. Results Here we report the lack of significant consequence of a heavy contamination by the frequently encountered mycoplasma strain, M. hyorhinis, on the determination of respiratory chain activities, but the potential interference when assaying citrate synthase. Contamination by M. hyorhinis was detected by fluorescent imaging and further quantified by the determination of the mycoplasma-specific phosphate acetyltransferase activity. Noticeably, this latter activity was not found equally distributed in various mycoplasma types, being exceptionally high in M. hyorhinis. Conclusion While we observed a trend for respiration reduction in heavily contaminated cells, no significant and specific targeting of any respiratory chain components could be identified. This suggested a potential interference with cell metabolism rather than direct interaction with respiratory chain components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Darin
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Norman Kadhom
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Brière
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Dominique Chretien
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Cécile M Bébéar
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Rötig
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Pierre Rustin
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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