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Barton JM, Lundquist A, Fisher MC, Fiese BH, McBride BA. Identifying elevated child weight from 3 to 24 months: Early transitions into nonparental care and to solid foods. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13115. [PMID: 38520256 PMCID: PMC11081828 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early entry into nonparental care (NPC) and introduction to solid foods (ITS) have been linked to elevated weight, however, little research exists on the combined influence of these transitions on child weight over time. OBJECTIVES Identify groups of children based on early NPC and ITS timing and examine whether NPC-ITS groups differentially affect child weight over time. METHOD Data were drawn from STRONG Kids2 (n = 468). Primary predictors include NPC (by 3M)-ITS (< or ≥6M) groups; outcome variables include child weight-for-length/height z-scores (WFL/WFHz) (3, 12, 18, and 24 months). Multilevel regression was used to examine the NPC-ITS groups as predictors of child WFL/WFHz. RESULTS Six groups were identified: 27% Parental Care-ITS before 6M, 31% Parental Care-ITS after 6M, 12% Daycare-ITS before 6M, 14% Daycare-ITS after 6M, 10% Kincare-ITS before 6M, and 7% Kincare-ITS after 6M. Children who were in daycare (regardless of ITS) or kincare-ITS before 6M demonstrated the highest WFL/WFHz over time, compared to their parental care counterparts. CONCLUSIONS NPC-ITS combinations on child WFL/WFHz across the first 2 years of life highlight the need for a partnership approach among parental and nonparental caregivers to support the feeding of infants throughout the transition to solid foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Barton
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra Lundquist
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Meghan C. Fisher
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Child Development Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Barbara H. Fiese
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brent A. McBride
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Child Development Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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McMath AL, Barton JM, Cai T, Khan NA, Fiese BH, Donovan SM. Western, Healthful, and Low-Preparation Diet Patterns in Preschoolers of the STRONG Kids2 Program. J Nutr Educ Behav 2024; 56:219-229. [PMID: 38402478 PMCID: PMC10999342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify and describe diet patterns of children during early childhood using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). DESIGN Longitudinal data were drawn from the STRONG Kids 2 program. PARTICIPANTS Mothers were surveyed about their child's diet at 24 (n = 337), 36 (n = 317), and 48 (n = 289) months old. VARIABLES MEASURED The Block Food Frequency Questionnaire for children aged 2-7 years was used to derive diet patterns; 23 food groups were created for analyses. ANALYSIS Principal component analysis was used to obtain preliminary factor loadings, and loadings were used to form a priori hypotheses for CFA-derived diet patterns. Independent samples t tests were used to compare food groups, nutrient intakes, and child and family characteristics by CFA pattern scores above vs at/below the median. RESULTS Three diet patterns consistently emerged: (1) processed meats, sweets, and fried foods; (2) vegetables, legumes, and starchy vegetables; and (3) grains, nuts/seeds, and condiments (only 24 and 36 months). Patterns were related to differences in added sugars, dietary fiber and potassium intakes, maternal education, and household income. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Opposing healthful vs Western patterns, extant in child and adult literature, were observed across all ages. The third pattern differed between 24/36 and 48 months, representing a potential shift in food choices or offerings as children age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arden L McMath
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jennifer M Barton
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Tianying Cai
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Barbara H Fiese
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
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Barton JM, McMath AL, Montgomery SP, Donovan SM, Fiese BH. Longitudinal changes in home food availability and concurrent associations with food and nutrient intake among children at 24-48 months. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e62. [PMID: 38305130 PMCID: PMC10897571 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe changes in home food availability during early childhood, including modified, developmentally sensitive obesogenic scores, and to determine whether home food availability is associated with food and nutrient intakes of children concurrently, over time. DESIGN Data were drawn from the STRONG Kids 2 longitudinal, birth cohort to achieve the study objectives. Home food availability was assessed with the Home Food Inventory (HFI) and included fifteen food groups (e.g. fruit and vegetables) and three obesogenic scores (one original and two modified). Food and nutrient intakes were measured using the Block FFQ and included twenty-seven food groups and eighteen nutrients (e.g. vitamins A and C, protein). HFI and FFQ were completed by trained researchers or mothers, respectively, at 24, 36 and 48 months. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Spearman's correlations were used to achieve the study objectives. SETTING Central Illinois, USA. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 468 children at 24, 36 and 48 months of age. RESULTS Availability of less nutritious foods and obesogenic foods and beverages increased as children aged, and availability of both nutritious and less nutritious foods were associated with child food and nutrient intake. The three obesogenic scores demonstrated similar, positive associations with the intake of energy, saturated fat, added sugars and kilocalories from sweets. CONCLUSION These findings offer novel insight into changes in home food availability and associations with food and nutrient intake during early childhood. Additional attention is needed examining antecedents (e.g. built environments, purchasing behaviours) and consequences (e.g. child diet quality and weight) of home food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Barton
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Arden L McMath
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stewart P Montgomery
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Barbara H Fiese
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Fiese BH, Barton JM, Sahin E. Longitudinal changes in home food availability across the first 3 years of life and associations with family context predictors. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1215894. [PMID: 37841403 PMCID: PMC10569424 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1215894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited research tracking changes in home food availability during the first 3 years of life and whether the family context influences these changes. Objective This study examined changes in and predictors of home food availability across the first 3 years of life. Design This study utilized longitudinal data from the STRONG Kids2 birth cohort from the target child at 6 weeks to 36 months postpartum. Participants Mothers of 468 children were surveyed at 6 weeks, 3, 12, 24, and 36 months postpartum. Methods Home observations were completed by trained research assistants to complete the presence of foods in the home. The primary outcomes were the availability of 10 food groups and scores from the Home Food Inventory (HFI), including dairy (regular fat), dairy (reduced fat), processed meats, other meats and non-dairy protein, savory snacks, vegetables, vegetables (no potatoes), and three obesogenic scores. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to examine changes in the HFI food groups and obesogenic scores over time. Multilevel regressions were conducted to examine whether the presence of an older sibling, entry into childcare, and mother's return to full-time work were associated with the HFI. Results Significant changes were detected for dairy (regular fat), other meats and non-dairy protein, savory snacks, vegetables, vegetables (no potatoes), and all obesogenic scores across time. A linear trend occurred for most HFI groups, however, the third obesogenic score (without milk and cheese) was highest at 3 months, declined at 12 months, and then slowly increased from 12 to 36 months years. The presence of an older sibling was a consistent predictor of the HFI groups over time. Entry into childcare was only associated with the availability of processed meats. Conclusion The availability of food types shift as children age and their dietary needs alter. It is important to consider the whole family context such as the presence of older siblings whose dietary needs may differ from younger children. Future efforts are warranted to consider changes in food availability among diverse samples and different family structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara H. Fiese
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Barton
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Esra Sahin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Tabb KM, Simonovich SD, Wozniak JD, Barton JM, Hsieh WJ, Klement C, Ostrowski ME, Lakhani N, Meline BS, Huang H. WIC Staff Views and Perceptions on the Relationship between Food Insecurity and Perinatal Depression. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010068. [PMID: 36611527 PMCID: PMC9819437 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity and perinatal depression are significant public health concerns for perinatal services, however descriptive research examining their association is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the views and perspectives of staff from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program on the relationship between food insecurity and perinatal depression among their WIC clients. Four, semi-structured focus groups with WIC staff (n = 24) were conducted across four diverse nonmetropolitan public health districts in Midwestern counties in the United States. WIC staff included social workers, nurses, nutritionists and ancillary staff. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and verified, and data were organized using NVivo 11.4.2. Thematic networking analysis was employed as the qualitative analysis to identify organizing themes. Three themes emerged including (1) depression experienced by clients; (2) food insecurity experienced by clients; and (3) barriers preventing clients from accessing services for themselves and their children. Research on food insecurity and perinatal depression is sparse, with fewer studies having included health staff of low-income women. Our findings suggest that the association between food insecurity and mental health needs among WIC clients is a significant public health issue to which policy change and interventions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Tabb
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for the Advancement of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Shannon D. Simonovich
- School of Nursing, College of Science & Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Jana D. Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Barton
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wan-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Claire Klement
- School of Nursing, College of Science & Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Ostrowski
- School of Nursing, College of Science & Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Noreen Lakhani
- School of Nursing, College of Science & Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Brandon S. Meline
- Maternal and Child Health Division, Champaign-Urbana Public Health District, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Hsiang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Bichteler A, Barton JM, Lumeng JC, Gershoff ET. Patterns of Childhood Body Mass Index Percentile Gains as Predictors of Adolescent Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Blood Pressure. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:769-776. [PMID: 34861461 PMCID: PMC9156720 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether patterns of body mass index (BMI) percentile gains across childhood predict BMI percentile, overweight and obesity, waist circumference, and elevated or prehypertensive blood pressure at age 15. METHODS Trained technicians in the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development assessed children's weight and height from birth to 15 years and waist circumference and blood pressure at age 15 (n = 1132). Children's BMI percentile trajectories from age 2 to age 13 along with 28 demographic and social covariates were used to predict BMI percentile, waist circumference, overweight, obesity, and elevated or prehypertensive blood pressure. Linear and logistic regressions were used to predict BMI percentile, overweight, obesity, waist circumference, and elevated or prehypertensive blood pressure. RESULTS Children were classified into one"?>1 of 4four"?> BMI percentile trajectories: "low stable" (28.4%), "low-to-high" (11.8%), "median stable" (29.0%), and "high rising" (30.7%). Children in trajectory classes characterized by persistent above average BMI percentile or by periods of rapid BMI percentile gains were more likely than their peers to experience poor weight and elevated or prehypertensive outcomes in adolescence. Trajectory class membership explained substantially more variance in adolescent health outcomes than demographic covariates alone. Estimated maternal BMI was a key independent predictor of adolescent outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Different patterns of BMI percentile gains, namely those with rapid gains or persistently above average BMI percentile, from ages 2 to 13 predicted weight, waist circumference, and elevated or prehypertensive blood pressure at age 15, above and beyond demographic and social characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bichteler
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Barton
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Julie C. Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Gershoff
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Barton JM. Food and beverage offerings by parents of preschoolers: A daily survey study of dinner offerings during COVID-19. Appetite 2022; 174:106047. [PMID: 35430295 PMCID: PMC9010018 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have altered parents' daily feeding practices, including what and how much they feed their children, which may have negative implications for children's weight. The primary aim of this study was to examine patterns of and variation in parents' daily food and beverage offerings at dinner across 10 days during the COVID-19 pandemic using descriptive analysis and non-parametric tests. Ninety-nine parents (Mage = 32.90, SDage = 5.60) of children ages 2–4 years (M = 2.82, SD = 0.78) completed an online baseline survey and 10 daily surveys (929 completed surveys) assessing their daily food and beverage offerings at dinner. On average, parents did not offer recommended foods and beverages on a daily basis; parents offered vegetables and protein most often across the 10 days, however, less than 50% of parents offered the recommended serving size for each group. The intraclass correlations and random sampling plots revealed considerable within-parent variation in food and beverage offerings. Eating dinner as a family, planning dinner in advance, and preparing a homemade dinner were associated with more vegetable and protein offerings, while processed, fast, or fried foods were offered less often when dinner was planned or homemade. Dairy, water, and refined grains were offered more often when dinner was homemade, while whole grains, processed, fast, or fried foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages were offered less often when dinner was homemade. The results provide documentation of parents' daily food and beverage offerings at dinner within the context of COVID-19 and point towards the importance of examining predictors and consequences of parents' daily feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Barton
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 904 West Nevada St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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8
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Nicholson JS, Barton JM, Simons AL. Ability to Categorize Food Predicts Hypothetical Food Choices in Head Start Preschoolers. J Nutr Educ Behav 2018; 50:238-246.e1. [PMID: 29170058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether preschoolers are able to identify and categorize foods, and whether their ability to classify food as healthy predicts their hypothetical food choice. DESIGN Structured interviews and body measurements with preschoolers, and teacher reports of classroom performance. SETTING Six Head Start centers in a large southeastern region. PARTICIPANTS A total of 235 preschoolers (mean age [SD], 4.73 [0.63] years; 45.4% girls). INTERVENTION(S) Teachers implemented a nutrition education intervention across the 2014-2015 school year in which children were taught to identify and categorize food as sometimes (ie, unhealthy) and anytime (ie, healthy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preschooler responses to a hypothetical snack naming, classifying, and selection scenario. ANALYSIS Hierarchical regression analyses to examine predictors of child hypothetical food selection. RESULTS While controlling for child characteristics and cognitive functioning, preschoolers who were better at categorizing food as healthy or unhealthy were more likely to say they would choose the healthy food. Low-contrast food pairs in which food had to be classified based on multiple dimensions were outside the cognitive abilities of the preschoolers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Nutrition interventions may be more effective in helping children make healthy food choices if developmental limitations in preschoolers' abilities to categorize food is addressed in their curriculum. Classification of food into evaluative categories is challenging for this age group. Categorizing on multiple dimensions is difficult, and dichotomous labeling of food as good or bad is not always accurate in directing children toward making food choices. Future research could evaluate further preschoolers' developmental potential for food categorization and nutrition decision making and consider factors that influence healthy food choices at both snack and mealtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody S Nicholson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL.
| | - Jennifer M Barton
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Ali L Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
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Abstract
The cross-linking reactions of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS) with stoichiometric quantities of glycidyl ether- or tetraglycidyl amine-based epoxy resins were monitored using chemiluminescence (CL) and rheometry. It was found that, when a sample was cured isothermally in air, the CL profile increased to a maximum, then decreased again. The maximum was found to correspond well with the gel time (tgel), as measured by rheometry. This observation is discussed in relation to the chemical reactions occurring within the material and the physical state of the matrix. The effect of impurities in DDS on the gel time of these epoxy resins is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Kozielski
- School of Chemistry and CIDC, Queensland University of Technology, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - N C Billingham
- School of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - G A George
- School of Chemistry and CIDC, Queensland University of Technology, QLD 4001, Australia
| | | | - J M Barton
- Department of Materials and Structure, DRA Farnborough, GU14 6TD, UK
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Burgher JM, Barton JM, Farooq MM, Vasek J, Scott RW, Freischlag JA, Grove RI. PhotoPoint photodynamic therapy with local drug delivery eliminates vessel wall cells in arteriovenous graft models. Cardiovasc Radiat Med 2002; 3:163-8. [PMID: 12974367 DOI: 10.1016/s1522-1865(03)00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of PhotoPoint photodynamic therapy (PDT) with local drug delivery, optimize dosimetry in a rabbit jugular vein model, and investigate its ability to deplete potential neointimal precursor cells in the vessel wall in a canine arteriovenous graft (AVG) model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Photosensitizer MV2101 was administered locally in rabbit veins, incubated for 0-40 min and activated with external laser light. In canine veins, MV2101 was incubated for 30 min and activated by light. Tissues were excised at acute and chronic timepoints. RESULTS PhotoPoint PDT reduced cell populations in both models with maximum depletions occurring at 20 min (> or = 100 J/cm2) in rabbit veins (> 90% depletion) and 30 min (200 J/cm2) in canine veins (> 85% depletion). Chronic veins revealed no evidence of PhotoPoint PDT-related abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS PhotoPoint PDT with local MV2101 dramatically depleted potential neointimal precursor cells in the vessel wall. This suggests local drug delivery is feasible and that PhotoPoint PDT may be an efficacious treatment that could prolong AVG patency in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Burgher
- Miravant Medical Technologies, 336 Bollay Drive, Santa Barbara, CA 93117-5550, USA
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11
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Svetlov SI, Barton JM, Olson MS. The specific binding of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist WEB 2086 and the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam to rat hepatocytes. Life Sci 1995; 58:PL 81-6. [PMID: 8594301 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(95)02302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thieno-triazolodiazepines WEB 2086 and BN 50739 have been described as the potent PAF receptor antagonists. Binding of radiolabeled [3H]WEB 2086 has been widely employed to characterize PAF receptors in different cells. In a search for a PAF receptor in isolated rat hepatocytes, we discovered that the binding of [3H]WEB to rat hepatocytes was highly specific but had a relatively low affinity with a Kd of 113 nM and Bmax of 0.65 pmol/10(6) cells in freshly isolated cell suspension and Kd of 1.65 muM and Bmax of 2.0 pmol/plate in cultured hepatocytes. No consistent specific binding of [3H]PAF itself was found in the same cell preparations. The binding of [3H]flunitrazepam in the presence of the peripheral type of benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 5-4864 was saturated and exhibited a K(i) of 3.8 nM and Bmax of 3.5 pmol/plate. The central type of benzodiazepine receptor antagonist clonazepam was competed for the [3H]flunitrazepam binding, however with a much lower affinity. Various antagonists inhibited the binding of [3H]WEB 2086 with a rank order BN 50739>>Ro 5-4864 > or = clonazepam. Interestingly, bicuculline, specific antagonist of GABA(A) recognition sites, also significantly reduced the binding of [3H]WEB 2086. The binding of [3H]flunitrazepam was inhibited with a rank potency BN 50739>>WEB 2086. Taken together, these findings suggest that the specific binding of PAF receptor antagonists WEB 2086 and BN 50739 in rat hepatocytes does not involve PAF receptors and occurs via peripheral benzodiazepine and, possibly GABA(A) receptor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Svetlov
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7760, USA
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12
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Abstract
The problem of 'no fault' compensation for patients who suffer adverse effects as a result of their participation in clinical trials is discussed in the light of the guidelines issued by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) and our recent experiences in reviewing protocols submitted to the local ethics of surgical research sub-committee. We have found a variety of qualifications being applied by pharmaceutical firms which are not in the spirit of the guidelines, let alone the interests of the patient, and we suggest a means whereby the patients can be assured of fair treatment in the event of 'no fault' injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Barton
- Borders Health Board, Edinburgh University
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13
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Asensio JA, Barton JM, Wonsetler LA, Thomford NR. Trauma: a systematic approach to management. Am Fam Physician 1988; 38:97-112. [PMID: 3046276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Initial care of the trauma victim begins at the scene of the accident, where the "load and go" principle is applied. A systematic approach to management of the trauma victim improves patient outcome. After insertion of an airway and stabilization of the spine, hemorrhage is treated and volume is replaced. At this point, invasive techniques, such as chest tube insertion, peritoneal lavage and pericardiocentesis, may be therapeutic as well as diagnostic.
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14
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Westland RD, Merz MM, Alexander SM, Newton LS, Bauer L, Conway TT, Barton JM, Khullar KK, Devdhar PB, Grenan MM. 2-Mercaptoacetamidine and derivatives as antiradiation agents. J Med Chem 1972; 15:1313-21. [PMID: 4635980 DOI: 10.1021/jm00282a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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16
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Agnew DH, Barton JM. The S. D. Gross Professorship of Pathological Anatomy. Chic Med J Exam 1884; 49:255-259. [PMID: 37618238 PMCID: PMC9870497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
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