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Argueta LB, Lacko LA, Bram Y, Tada T, Carrau L, Rendeiro AF, Zhang T, Uhl S, Lubor BC, Chandar V, Gil C, Zhang W, Dodson BJ, Bastiaans J, Prabhu M, Houghton S, Redmond D, Salvatore CM, Yang YJ, Elemento O, Baergen RN, tenOever BR, Landau NR, Chen S, Schwartz RE, Stuhlmann H. Inflammatory responses in the placenta upon SARS-CoV-2 infection late in pregnancy. iScience 2022; 25:104223. [PMID: 35434541 PMCID: PMC8996470 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on placental function is not well understood. Analysis of placentas from women who tested positive at delivery showed SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA in 22 out of 52 placentas. Placentas from two mothers with symptomatic COVID-19 whose pregnancies resulted in adverse outcomes for the fetuses contained high levels of viral Alpha variant RNA. The RNA was localized to the trophoblasts that cover the fetal chorionic villi in direct contact with maternal blood. The intervillous spaces and villi were infiltrated with maternal macrophages and T cells. Transcriptome analysis showed an increased expression of chemokines and pathways associated with viral infection and inflammation. Infection of placental cultures with live SARS-CoV-2 and spike protein-pseudotyped lentivirus showed infection of syncytiotrophoblast and, in rare cases, endothelial cells mediated by ACE2 and Neuropilin-1. Viruses with Alpha, Beta, and Delta variant spikes infected the placental cultures at significantly greater levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissenya B. Argueta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lauretta A. Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - André Figueiredo Rendeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brienne C. Lubor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cristianel Gil
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Genomics Resources Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brittany J. Dodson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Malavika Prabhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christine M. Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yawei J. Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca N. Baergen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nathaniel R. Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Heidi Stuhlmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Corresponding author
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Argueta LB, Lacko LA, Bram Y, Tada T, Carrau L, Zhang T, Uhl S, Lubor BC, Chandar V, Gil C, Zhang W, Dodson B, Bastiaans J, Prabhu M, Salvatore CM, Yang YJ, Baergen RN, tenOever BR, Landau NR, Chen S, Schwartz RE, Stuhlmann H. SARS-CoV-2 Infects Syncytiotrophoblast and Activates Inflammatory Responses in the Placenta. bioRxiv 2021:2021.06.01.446676. [PMID: 34100019 PMCID: PMC8183016 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.01.446676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy leads to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although the placenta itself can be a target of virus infection, most neonates are virus free and are born healthy or recover quickly. Here, we investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the placenta from a cohort of women who were infected late during pregnancy and had tested nasal swab positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR at delivery. SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA was detected in 23 out of 54 placentas. Two placentas with high virus content were obtained from mothers who presented with severe COVID-19 and whose pregnancies resulted in adverse outcomes for the fetuses, including intrauterine fetal demise and a preterm delivered baby still in newborn intensive care. Examination of the placental samples with high virus content showed efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection, using RNA in situ hybridization to detect genomic and replicating viral RNA, and immunohistochemistry to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Infection was restricted to syncytiotrophoblast cells that envelope the fetal chorionic villi and are in direct contact with maternal blood. The infected placentas displayed massive infiltration of maternal immune cells including macrophages into intervillous spaces, potentially contributing to inflammation of the tissue. Ex vivo infection of placental cultures with SARS-CoV-2 or with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein pseudotyped lentivirus targeted mostly syncytiotrophoblast and in rare events endothelial cells. Infection was reduced by using blocking antibodies against ACE2 and against Neuropilin 1, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may utilize alternative receptors for entry into placental cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissenya B. Argueta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | | | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brienne C. Lubor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristianel Gil
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Genomics Resources Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brittany Dodson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Malavika Prabhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine M. Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yawei J. Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca N. Baergen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel R. Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding Authors: Heidi Stuhlmann PhD (lead contact) , Robert Schwartz MD-PhD , Shuibing Chen PhD
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding Authors: Heidi Stuhlmann PhD (lead contact) , Robert Schwartz MD-PhD , Shuibing Chen PhD
| | - Heidi Stuhlmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10065, NY, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding Authors: Heidi Stuhlmann PhD (lead contact) , Robert Schwartz MD-PhD , Shuibing Chen PhD
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Bastiaans J, Mulder VC, van Meurs JC, Smits - te Nijenhuis M, van Holten - Neelen C, van Hagen PM, Dik WA. Dabigatran inhibits intravitreal thrombin activity. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:452-458. [PMID: 29193875 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a vitreoretinal disorder in which retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell activation contributes to both formation of fibrotic retinal membranes and inflammation. Vitreous of patients with PVR contains increased thrombin activity which induces profibrotic and proinflammatory programs in RPE cells. Inhibition of intravitreal thrombin activity may thus represent a therapeutic option for PVR. In this study, we examined the capacity of the clinically available direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran to inhibit thrombin activity in vitreous fluids. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were cultured with the following: (i) thrombin, (ii) vitreous without thrombin activity and (iii) vitreous with elevated thrombin activity (PVR samples and thrombin spiked vitreous) either in the presence or absence of dabigatran (range: 10-5 to 10-7 M). Subsequently, CCL2, CXCL8, GMCSF, IL6 and PDGFB mRNA expression levels were determined by RQ-PCR and protein levels of 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were detected in culture supernatants using a multiplex approach. In addition, the capacity of vitreous fluids obtained from patients after oral dabigatran intake was tested in an in vitro thrombin activity assay. RESULTS Thrombin and vitreous fluids containing thrombin activity induced CCL2, CXCL8, GM-CSF, IL-6 and PDGF-BB expression by ARPE-19 cells, which was inhibited by dabigatran. In addition, dabigatran that reached the vitreous after repeated oral intake did inhibit thrombin activity in the in vitro activity assay. CONCLUSION Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is associated with increased intravitreal thrombin activity that activates profibrotic and proinflammatory pathways in RPE cells. Our findings provide evidence that this activation pathway can potentially be inhibited by dabigatran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bastiaans
- Departments of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C. van Meurs
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Ophthalmology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Departments of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Internal Medicine; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Departments of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Mulder VC, Bastiaans J, van Leuven CJM, van Meurs JC, Kluft C. Thrombin Generation in Vitreous and Subretinal Fluid of Patients with Retinal Detachment. Ophthalmologica 2018; 240:23-28. [PMID: 29617690 DOI: 10.1159/000487757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure prothrombin fragments (F1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) in vitreous and subretinal fluid (SRF) of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients and to validate and further specify our earlier finding of increased thrombin activity in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS F1+2 and TAT were measured in 31 vitreous and 16 SRF samples using the Enzygnost® immunoassays. RESULTS We found significant levels of F1+2 and TAT in the vitreous of all patients with RRD compared to patients with macular hole or macular pucker. However, there was no significant difference between patients who would develop PVR in the future, had established PVR, and patients with uncomplicated RRD both in vitreous concentrations of F1+2 (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.963) and TAT (p = 0.516). CONCLUSION The analysis of F1+2 and TAT confirmed significant thrombin generation in both vitreous and SRF of patients with RRD. An imbalance between the thrombin regulation mechanisms TAT and α2-macroglobulin possibly explains the difference from our previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena C Mulder
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jan C van Meurs
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Korthagen NM, Bastiaans J, van Meurs JC, van Bilsen K, van Hagen PM, Dik WA. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Increase Retinal Pigment Epithelial Layer Permeability. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:299-304. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline M. Korthagen
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; P.O. Box 2060 3000 CB Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; P.O. Box 2060 3000 CB Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. van Meurs
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital; P.O. Box 70030 3000 LM Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kiki van Bilsen
- Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; P.O. Box 2060 3000 CB Rotterdam The Netherlands
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital; P.O. Box 70030 3000 LM Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center; P.O. Box 2060 3000 CB Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Korthagen NM, van Bilsen K, Swagemakers SMA, van de Peppel J, Bastiaans J, van der Spek PJ, van Hagen PM, Dik WA. Retinal pigment epithelial cells display specific transcriptional responses upon TNF-α stimulation. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:700-4. [PMID: 25680620 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a key mediator of ocular inflammation and its interaction with the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may be a driving force in vitreoretinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and diabetic retinopathy. Under inflammatory conditions, the ability of RPE cells to maintain the blood-retinal barrier and immune privilege may be lost and proliferation of RPE cells is facilitated. To gain insight into the effects of TNF-α on RPE cells, a gene expression study was performed. METHODS ARPE-19 and HT-29 cells were stimulated with 50 ng/mL TNF-α for 6 h. Gene expression patterns were compared between stimulated and control cells using whole genome gene expression arrays. Data were analysed using Partek and OmniViz and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Functional annotation analysis was performed using Ingenuity and DAVID. RESULTS A total of 97 genes were uniquely modulated by TNF-α in ARPE-19 cells compared with HT-29 cells (86 upregulated and 11 downregulated). Most commonly affected biological processes were apoptosis, cell motility and cell signalling. The highest upregulated gene was EFNA1. Among the downregulated genes were transcription factors implicated in ocular development (SIX3, PAX6) and modulation of p53-mediated apoptosis (CITED2). CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the unique responses of RPE cells to TNF-α stimulation and suggests a role for genes involved in apoptosis and retinal epithelial development. These findings contribute to our understanding of the behaviour of RPE cells under inflammatory conditions and the crucial role of RPE cells in vitreoretinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline M Korthagen
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki van Bilsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid M A Swagemakers
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Section Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bastiaans J, van Meurs JC, Mulder VC, Nagtzaam NMA, Smits-te Nijenhuis M, Dufour-van den Goorbergh DCM, van Hagen PM, Hooijkaas H, Dik WA. The role of thrombin in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:4659-66. [PMID: 25015355 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the role of thrombin in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS Vitreous was collected from patients undergoing a vitrectomy (macular holes and puckers, n = 11 [controls]; retinal detachment without PVR development following vitrectomy, n = 15 [RRD1]; retinal detachment with PVR development within 6 months after vitrectomy, n = 11 [RRD2]; and established PVR, n = 14 [PVR]). Thrombin activity in vitreous was determined using a thrombin-specific chromogenic substrate. ARPE-19 cells were stimulated with 8× diluted vitreous samples in the presence and absence of hirudin. The samples were analyzed at t = 0 and t = 24 hours for the presence of 27 cytokines/chemokines and growth factors using a multiplex approach. In comparable studies, ARPE-19 cells were stimulated for 2 hours, and mRNA expression levels for CCL2, CXCL8, GMCSF, IL6, and PDGFB were determined by real-time quantitative (RQ)-PCR. RESULTS Thrombin activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vitreous of the PVR group compared to the other groups. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy vitreous stimulated the production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB by ARPE-19 to significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels than vitreous from the RRD1 and RRD2 groups. These effects of PVR vitreous were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by hirudin. These data were confirmed by mRNA studies. CONCLUSIONS Thrombin activity is increased in vitreous of patients with established PVR and is involved in the activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways in RPE cells. Inhibition of thrombin activity may therefore represent a potential treatment option for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C van Meurs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole M A Nagtzaam
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Hooijkaas
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bastiaans J, van Meurs JC, van Holten-Neelen C, Nagtzaam NMA, van Hagen PM, Chambers RC, Hooijkaas H, Dik WA. Thrombin induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and collagen production by retinal pigment epithelial cells via autocrine PDGF-receptor signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:8306-14. [PMID: 24302586 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE De-differentiation of RPE cells into mesenchymal cells (epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EMT) and associated collagen production contributes to development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In patients with PVR, intraocular coagulation cascade activation occurs and may play an important initiating role. Therefore, we examined the effect of the coagulation proteins factor Xa and thrombin on EMT and collagen production by RPE cells. METHODS Retinal pigment epithelial cells were stimulated with factor Xa or thrombin and the effect on zonula occludens (ZO)-1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B were determined by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, and HPLC and ELISA for collagen and PDGF-BB in culture supernatants, respectively. PDGF-receptor activation was determined by phosphorylation analysis and inhibition studies using the PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1296. RESULTS Thrombin reduced ZO-1 gene expression (P < 0.05) and enhanced expression of the genes encoding α-SMA and the pro-alpha1 chain of collagen type-1 (P < 0.05), indicating EMT. Also, ZO-1 protein expression declined on thrombin stimulation, whereas production of α-SMA and collagen increased. In contrast to thrombin, factor Xa hardly stimulated EMT by RPE. Thrombin clearly induced PDGF-BB production and PDGF-Rβ chain phosphorylation in RPE. Moreover, AG1296 significantly blocked the effect of thrombin on EMT and collagen production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that thrombin is a potent inducer of EMT by RPE via autocrine activation of PDGF-receptor signaling. Coagulation cascade-induced EMT of RPE may thus contribute to the formation of fibrotic retinal membranes in PVR and should be considered as treatment target in PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Baerveldt E, Onderdijk A, Kurek D, Kant M, Florencia E, Ijpma A, van der Spek P, Bastiaans J, Jansen P, van Kilsdonk J, Laman J, Prens E. Ustekinumab improves psoriasis-related gene expression in noninvolved psoriatic skin without inhibition of the antimicrobial response. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:990-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bastiaans J, van Meurs JC, van Holten-Neelen C, Nijenhuis MST, Kolijn-Couwenberg MJ, van Hagen PM, Kuijpers RWAM, Hooijkaas H, Dik WA. Factor Xa and thrombin stimulate proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator production by retinal pigment epithelial cells: a role in vitreoretinal disorders? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:1723-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Bastiaans J, van Meurs JC, van Holten-Neelen C, Nagtzaam NMA, van Hagen PM, Hooijkaas H, Dik WA. Factor Xa and thrombin induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition by retinal pigment epithelial cells via PDGF-Rβ signaling. Lab Invest 2012. [PMCID: PMC3508889 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-s3-p1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Korthagen NM, van Bilsen K, Dik WA, Bastiaans J, Kolijn M, Kuijpers RW, van Hagen M. FcRn mediated IgG transport by retinal pigment epithelium cells. Lab Invest 2012. [PMCID: PMC3508834 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-s3-p2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kamphuis LS, Lam-Tse WK, Dik WA, van Daele PL, van Biezen P, Kwekkeboom DJ, Kuijpers RW, Hooijkaas H, van Laar JA, Bastiaans J, Baarsma GS, van Hagen PM. Efficacy of Adalimumab in Chronically Active and Symptomatic Patients with Sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:1214-6. [DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.184.10.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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van Bilsen K, van Hagen PM, Bastiaans J, van Meurs JC, Missotten T, Kuijpers RW, Hooijkaas H, Dingjan GM, Baarsma GS, Dik WA. The neonatal Fc receptor is expressed by human retinal pigment epithelial cells and is downregulated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95:864-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.187930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kamphuis LSJ, Lam-Tse WK, Dik WA, Bastiaans J, van Biezen P, van Daele PLA, Kwekkeboom DJ, Kuijpers RWAM, Baarsma GS, van Hagen PM, Hooijkaas H, van Laar JAM. Efficacy of adalimumab in sarcoidosis. Lab Invest 2010. [PMCID: PMC3007752 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-s1-p10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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de Boer P, Bastiaans J, Touw H, Kerkman R, Bronkhof J, van den Berg M, Offringa R. Highly efficient gene targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum using the bi-partite approach in deltalig4 or deltaku70 mutants. Fungal Genet Biol 2010; 47:839-46. [PMID: 20659576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is a well established method to increase gene targeting (GT) efficiencies in filamentous fungi. In this study we have compared the effect of inactivating the NHEJ genes ku70 or lig4 on GT in the industrial penicillin producer Penicillium chrysogenum. Deletion of both genes resulted in strongly increased GT efficiencies at three different loci but not higher than 70%, implying that other, yet uncharacterized, recombination pathways are still active causing a part of the DNA to be integrated via non-homologous recombination. To further increase the GT efficiency we applied the bi-partite approach, in which the DNA fragment for integration was split in two non-functional overlapping parts that via homologous recombination invivo can form a functional selection marker. The combined NHEJ mutant and bi-partite approach further increased GT frequencies up to approximately 90%, which will enable the efficient high throughput engineering of the P. chrysogenum genome. We expect that this combined approach will function with similar high efficiencies in other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Boer
- Add2X Biosciences B.V., Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Mazon AF, Huising MO, Taverne-Thiele AJ, Bastiaans J, Verburg-van Kemenade BML. The first appearance of Rodlet cells in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) ontogeny and their possible roles during stress and parasite infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2007; 22:27-37. [PMID: 16843681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The origin and function of rodlet cells (RCs) are still a matter of discussion. Whereas the exogenous hypothesis considers them parasites, the endogenous hypothesis regards them as a genuine fish cell population with a secretory and/or leukocyte function. In order to shed more light on these questions we focused on the location and appearance of RCs during carp (Cyprinus carpio) ontogeny. Typical RCs were seen at 5days post fertilisation (dpf) between kidney and intestine, at 6dpf in the intestine and at 8dpf in both anterior and posterior kidney and in the abdominal cavity among the mesothelial cells. The RC number increased with age and after 14dpf they were also present in gills. The early appearance of the RCs during carp ontogeny support the endogenous hypothesis stating that RCs are genuine constituents of fish tissue and suggest that they are 'immune cells'. The fact that the RCs of the gills secrete their content into the surrounding water, combined with the strategic location around blood vessels in kidney and within intestinal epithelium, would also support an important role in host defense. To investigate whether RC numbers in gills and kidney are related to typical fluctuations in the physiology during stress and infection we counted their number in gills and kidney after parasite infection and stress. In the gills the number of RCs increased after infection but did not change after stress while in the kidney their number increased after stress and no significant changes were observed after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Mazon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Alper
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Ibogaine is an alkaloid with putative effect in acute opioid withdrawal. Thirty-three cases of treatments for the indication of opioid detoxification performed in non-medical settings under open label conditions are summarized involving an average daily use of heroin of .64 +/- .50 grams, primarily by the intravenous route. Resolution of the signs of opioid withdrawal without further drug seeking behavior was observed within 24 hours in 25 patients and was sustained throughout the 72-hour period of posttreatment observation. Other outcomes included drug seeking behavior without withdrawal signs (4 patients), drug abstinence with attenuated withdrawal signs (2 patients), drug seeking behavior with continued withdrawal signs (1 patient), and one fatality possibly involving surreptitious heroin use. The reported effectiveness of ibogaine in this series suggests the need for systematic investigation in a conventional clinical research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Alper
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA.
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Grossarth-Maticek R, Bastiaans J, Kanazir DT. Psychosocial factors as strong predictors of mortality from cancer, ischaemic heart disease and stroke: the Yugoslav prospective study. J Psychosom Res 1985; 29:167-76. [PMID: 4009517 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(85)90038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relation of psychosocial risk factors to mortality in a prospective study of 1353 inhabitants of Crvenka, 619 of whom died between 1966 and 1976. All 38 lung cancer deaths occurred in those with high scores for rationality and antiemotionality (R/A), a factor related to suppression of aggression. Compared with lower R/A, high R/A was also associated with a relative risk of mortality of 29 for other cancer, 4.3 for ischaemic heart disease and 6.5 for stroke. Standardising for R/A reduced the smoking/lung cancer association, virtually eliminated the smoking/other cancer and smoking/heart disease relationships and reduced the association of heart disease with blood cholesterol, blood sugar and hypertension. Long lasting hopelessness was also independently associated with cancer as was anger with heart disease, though not so strongly as for R/A. Psychosocial variables are important predictors of mortality and decisively modify the effect of physical risk factors such as smoking.
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Abstract
Traumatizing events and traumatizing conflicts may lead to defense mechanisms which in the course of time become part of character formation. In psychosomatic medicine much attention has been paid in the past to the so-called psychosomatic character profiles. Though discussions about psychosomatic specificity have remained controversial, it still seems advisable to take into account the power of induction of specific defense strategies. In this paper special attention is paid to the fact that asthmatics, patients suffering from hypertension or coronary heart disease, as well as patients suffering from other psychosomatic syndromes, and even patients suffering from carcinoma may induce their own defense strategies in interviewers and therapists, who usually are not sufficiently aware of the fact of such transference phenomena. A distortion of the normal psychotherapeutic process is more often a result of induction processes than has been thought of.
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Abstract
Microanalysis of the first interview is a technique developed by the author for the subtle translation of the verbal aspects of the doctor-patient contact. Every bit of information, derived from the patient, is translated in the traditional historical dimension, e.g., when did the complaint start, and in the here and now dimension, e.g., in how far does the information imply a cry for help and understanding. Psychosomatic patients, who are usually well adapted, suppress or repress their problems and emotions so much that they are hardly able to express these quite openly. Psychosomatic symptoms reflect the effort of the patient not to behave in a hysterical way. This means that the overt cry for help and attention, which is so characteristic for hysterical patients, is warded off. Especially the microanalytic translation of this hidden cry may be used by the interviewer to detect what the basic problems of the patient are and how the optimal climate for an efficient therapeutic contact can be established. In the Leyden Department of Psychiatry the technique is used to facilitate the training in interview technique. In the paper models will be given for the understanding of the interrelationship of psychiatric and psychosomatic symptoms.
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Bastiaans J. [Psychology of hostages]. Krankenpflege (Frankf) 1978; 32:63-4. [PMID: 203768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bastiaans J. The implications of the specificity concept for the treatment of psychosomatic patients. Psychother Psychosom 1977; 28:285-93. [PMID: 609688 DOI: 10.1159/000287074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bastiaans J. [The concentration camp syndrome and human freedom]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1974; 118:1173-8. [PMID: 4602550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bastiaans J. The Kz-syndrome. A thirty year study of the effects on victims of Nazi concentration camps. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 1974; 78:573-8. [PMID: 4453680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bastiaans J. General comments on the role of aggression in human psychopathology. Psychother Psychosom 1972; 20:300-11. [PMID: 4644049 DOI: 10.1159/000286433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bastiaans J. [Translation of complaints]. Z Psychother Med Psychol 1971; 21:167-81. [PMID: 5137913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bastiaans J, Groen JJ. The present development of psychiatry and its consequences for the training of future psychiatrists. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 1970; 73:405-11. [PMID: 5497986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bastiaans J. [Late mental and psychosomatic sequela of oppression and resistance]. Tijdschr Ziekenverpl 1969; 22:855-7. [PMID: 5197125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bastiaans J. [The training of psychiatrists in the Netherlands]. Evol Psychiatr (Paris) 1967; 32:367-72. [PMID: 5601494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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