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Meftah R, Van Stappen J, Berger S, Jacqus G, Laluet JY, Guering PH, Van Hoorebeke L, Cnudde V. X-ray Computed Tomography for Characterization of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Foam. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12121944. [PMID: 31212910 PMCID: PMC6630325 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam is widely used in building and construction applications for thermal and acoustic insulation. This material is nearly transparent for X-rays, making it difficult to characterize its pore structure in 3D with X-ray tomography. Because of this difficulty, the pore network is often not investigated and is, thus, poorly known. Since this network controls different physical properties, such as the sound absorption, it is crucial to understand its overall structure. In this manuscript, we show how to reveal the pore network of EPS foams through the combination of high resolution X-ray tomography (micro-CT) and saturation techniques. The foams were saturated with CsCl-brine, which acts as a contrasting agent in X-ray micro-CT imaging. This allowed us to separate the beads, making up the foam, from the pore network. Based on the 3D micro-CT results, we were able to assess a representative elementary volume for the polystyrene, which allows for calculating the acoustical parameters from the Johnson–Champoux–Allard (JCA) model, the pore and bead size distribution. The 3D data was also used as input to simulate sound absorption curves. The parametric study showed that an increase in the bead size influenced the sound absorption of the material. We showed that, by doubling the diameter of beads, the absorption coefficient was doubled in certain ranges of frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Meftah
- UGCT/PProGRess, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Jeroen Van Stappen
- UGCT/PProGRess, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- High Pressure and Temperature Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584CD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sylvain Berger
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Gary Jacqus
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Laluet
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Paul-Henri Guering
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT/Radiation Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- UGCT/PProGRess, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, 3584CD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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De Schryver T, Dierick M, Heyndrickx M, Van Stappen J, Boone MA, Van Hoorebeke L, Boone MN. Motion compensated micro-CT reconstruction for in-situ analysis of dynamic processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7655. [PMID: 29769576 PMCID: PMC5955979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a framework to exploit the synergy between Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) and iterative CT reconstruction to enhance the quality of high-resolution dynamic X-ray CT (4D-µCT) and obtain quantitative results from the acquired dataset in the form of 3D strain maps which can be directly correlated to the material properties. Furthermore, we show that the developed framework is capable of strongly reducing motion artifacts even in a dataset containing a single 360° rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Schryver
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Heyndrickx
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Stappen
- PProGRess research group, Dept. Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marijn A Boone
- PProGRess research group, Dept. Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium. .,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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De Kock T, Van Stappen J, Fronteau G, Boone M, De Boever W, Dagrain F, Silversmit G, Vincze L, Cnudde V. Laminar gypsum crust on lede stone: Microspatial characterization and laboratory acid weathering. Talanta 2017; 162:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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De Kock T, Boone MA, De Schryver T, Van Stappen J, Derluyn H, Masschaele B, De Schutter G, Cnudde V. A pore-scale study of fracture dynamics in rock using X-ray micro-CT under ambient freeze-thaw cycling. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:2867-2874. [PMID: 25683464 DOI: 10.1021/es505738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-thaw cycling stresses many environments which include porous media such as soil, rock and concrete. Climate change can expose new regions and subject others to a changing freeze-thaw frequency. Therefore, understanding and predicting the effect of freeze-thaw cycles is important in environmental science, the built environment and cultural heritage preservation. In this paper, we explore the possibilities of state-of-the-art micro-CT in studying the pore scale dynamics related to freezing and thawing. The experiments show the development of a fracture network in a porous limestone when cooling to -9.7 °C, at which an exothermal temperature peak is a proxy for ice crystallization. The dynamics of the fracture network are visualized with a time frame of 80 s. Theoretical assumptions predict that crystallization in these experiments occurs in pores of 6-20.1 nm under transient conditions. Here, the crystallization-induced stress exceeds rock strength when the local crystal fraction in the pores is 4.3%. The location of fractures is strongly related to preferential water uptake paths and rock texture, which are visually identified. Laboratory, continuous X-ray micro-CT scanning opens new perspectives for the pore-scale study of ice crystallization in porous media as well as for environmental processes related to freeze-thaw fracturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim De Kock
- UGCT-Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Van Campenhout S, Stappen JV, Volckaert G. The specific isolation of complete 5S rDNA units from chromosome 1A of hexaploid, tetraploid, and diploid wheat species using PCR with head-to-head oriented primers. Genome 2001; 44:529-38. [PMID: 11550886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 5S rDNA units on chromosome 1A of Triticum aestivum was shown by the development of a specific PCR test, using head-to-head oriented primers. This primer set allowed the amplification of complete 5S DNA units and was used to isolate SS-Rrna-A1 sequences from polyploid and diploid wheat species. Multiple-alignment and parsimony analyses of the 132 sequences divided the sequences into four types. The isolates from T. aestivum and the tetraploid species (T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T durum, T. araraticum, and T timopheevi) were all of one type, which was shown to be closely related to the type mainly characteristic for T. urartu. The other two types were isolated exclusively from the diploid species T. monococcum, T aegilopoides, T. thaoudar, and T. sinskajae and the hexaploid species T. zhukovski. Triticum monococcum was the only species for which representatives of each of the four sequence types were found to be present. Further, we discuss the possible multicluster arrangement of the 5S-Rrna-A1 array.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Campenhout
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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Stappen JV, Weltjens I, Munaut F, Volckaert G. Interspecific and progeny relationships in the genus Stylosanthes inferred from chloroplast DNA sequence variation. C R Acad Sci III 1999; 322:481-90. [PMID: 10457600 DOI: 10.1016/s0764-4469(99)80098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron and trnL (UAA)-trnF (GAA) intergenic spacer region have been sequenced from 37 samples, 36 of which representing 19 Stylosanthes species and one from the related genus Zornia. The DNA sequences were used to study phylogenetic relationships in the tropical forage legume genus Stylosanthes, by means of parsimony analysis using the heuristic search method of the computer program PAUP. The resulting cladograms divide Stylosanthes into four separate clades. Within the clades, species are poorly resolved owing to low sequence divergence. Small intra-specific chloroplast DNA variation is observed in S. humilis, S. scabra and the species complex S. guianensis. Variation between S. humilis populations is considered to be geographically structured. The overall results agree well with previously established inter-specific relationships and provide evidence for the genetic origin of the alloploid species S. hamata, S. scabra, S. ingrata, S. sympodialis, S. subsericea, S. capitata and S. fruticosa. This understanding of evolutionary relationships in Stylosanthes, in combination with biogeographical concepts provides a way of discerning isolated habitats in Central and South America, which may therefore contribute to strategies of plant collecting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Stappen
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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